1. Using the "octet rule," I will write the Lewis structures for the following molecules:
(a) CH₂Cl₂: H-Cl:C-H
|
Cl
(b) NCl₃: Cl
|
Cl-N-Cl
(c) CS₂: O=C=S=O
(d) CH₃CHCHCH₃: CH₃-CH-CH-CH₃
2. For the bolded carbon atom in the molecule CH₃CHCHCH₃:
a) There are 3 areas of high electron density surrounding the indicated C (3 bonded atoms and 0 lone pairs).
b) The AXmEn notation for the C in this molecule is AX₃E₀, where m=3 and n=0.
c) The molecular geometry for the C in this molecule is trigonal planar.
d) The bond angles surrounding C are approximately 120 degrees.
3. Obeying the octet rule, nitric acid (HNO₃) has two resonance structures. They can be drawn as:
Resonance Structure 1: O=N-O-H
||
O
Resonance Structure 2: O-N=O
||
O-H
Let us learn more in detail.
1.
(a) CH₂Cl₂: Carbon is the central atom with two hydrogen atoms and two chlorine atoms attached. The Lewis structure would be:
Cl H
| |
C-H-C-Cl
| |
H Cl
(b) NCl₃: Nitrogen is the central atom with three chlorine atoms attached. The Lewis structure would be:
Cl
|
Cl-N-Cl
|
Cl
(c) CS₂: Carbon is the central atom with two sulfur atoms attached. The Lewis structure would be:
S=C=S
(d) CH₃CHCHCH₃: Carbon is the central atom with three methyl groups and one hydrogen atom attached. The Lewis structure would be:
H H H
| | |
H-C-C-C-H
| | |
H H CH₃
3. The two resonance structures for nitric acid HNO₃ would be:
O-H O
| |
H-O=N O=N-O
| |
O O-H
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On your own: For further practice, click New sample. In this set, the contents of every tube is randomized. You may even find new substances you haven’t seen before. Record your observations and make hypotheses about the contents of each tube. Good luck!
You will need to observe each tube carefully and record your observations. Look at the color and consistency of the contents and note any unusual smells or other characteristics.
What is smells?Smells are the odors that people detect when certain molecules enter their noses. Smells can be pleasant, such as the aroma of a freshly baked pie, or unpleasant, such as the odor of garbage. Humans can detect millions of different smells and each smell has its own unique molecular composition. Smells can be used to identify a particular item or to trigger a memory. People can even use smells to detect potential danger, such as the smell of smoke indicating a fire. Some animals, such as dogs, have a much more acute sense of smell than humans, and can be trained to detect certain smells, such as explosives or drugs. Smells are a powerful and often overlooked sense that can be used to enhance experiences or warn of potential danger.
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During a laboratory activity, a student places 21.0 mL of hydrochloric acid solution, HC1(ag),
of unknown concentration into a flask. The solution is titrated with 0.125 M NaOH(ag) until the
acid is exactly neutralized. The volume of NaH(ag) added is 18.5 milliliters. During this
laboratory activity, appropriate safety equipment is used and safety procedures are followed.
The presence of the ions in the HCl would make the solution to conduct electricity.
Why does HCl solution conduct electricity?Because it separates into ions (H+ and Cl-) when hydrochloric acid is dissolved in water, HCl (hydrochloric acid) solution conducts electricity. The electric charge of the H+ and Cl- ions allows them to travel and convey current across the solution.
The dissociation constant (Ka) of HCl describes how much of the compound separates into ions depending on the concentration of the solution. A higher HCl concentration will produce more ions, which will increase conductivity.
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If the pressure of a 7. 2 liter sample of gas changes from 735 mmHg to 800 mmHg and the temperature remains constant, what is the new volume of
gas?
06. 62 L
оооо
0 5. 9 L
0 7. 2L
The new volume of the gas is approximately 6.62 L.
To find the new volume of the gas when the pressure changes from 735 mmHg to 800 mmHg and the temperature remains constant, we can use Boyle's Law, which states that the product of pressure and volume is constant for a given amount of gas at a constant temperature. In mathematical terms, this is represented as:
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
where P₁ and V₁ are the initial pressure and volume, and P₂ and V₂ are the final pressure and volume.
Given the initial conditions:
P₁ = 735 mmHg
V₁ = 7.2 L
P₂ = 800 mmHg
We want to find V₂. Rearrange the equation to solve for V₂:
V₂ = (P₁V₁) / P₂
Now, plug in the values:
V₂ = (735 mmHg × 7.2 L) / 800 mmHg
V₂ = 5268 / 800
V₂ ≈ 6.585 L
Among the given options, the closest answer to 6.585 L is 6.62 L. Therefore, the new volume of the gas is approximately 6.62 L.
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Ammonia burns in oxygen according to the following equation:
4nh3 + 3o2 → 2n2 + 6h2o
how many moles of nitrogen gas are generated by the complete reaction of 8.56 moles of ammonia?
4.28 moles of nitrogen gas are generated by the complete reaction of 8.56 moles of ammonia.
To find out how many moles of nitrogen gas are generated by the complete reaction of 8.56 moles of ammonia, we can use the balanced chemical equation: 4NH3 + 3O2 → 2N2 + 6H2O.
Step 1: Identify the mole ratio between ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen gas (N2). From the balanced equation, we see that 4 moles of NH3 produce 2 moles of N2. This gives us a mole ratio of 4:2 or 2:1.
Step 2: Use the mole ratio to determine the moles of nitrogen gas produced. Since the mole ratio is 2:1, for every 2 moles of NH3 that react, 1 mole of N2 is produced.
Step 3: Calculate the moles of nitrogen gas generated from 8.56 moles of ammonia. Divide the given moles of ammonia by the mole ratio:
8.56 moles NH3 / 2 = 4.28 moles N2
Therefore, 4.28 moles of nitrogen gas are generated by the complete reaction of 8.56 moles of ammonia.
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According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the products of a chemical reaction should equal the total mass of the reactants. In our reaction on a balance, however, the mass went down, from 253. 0 g to 250. 2 grams. Using the given chemical equation, explain what caused the apparent loss of mass
The apparent loss of mass from 253.0 g to 250.2 g can be attributed to the involvement of a gas in the chemical reaction, either as a product or a reactant. This gas escapes the system during the reaction, causing a decrease in the observed mass, but the law of conservation of mass still holds true as the total mass is conserved in the reaction.
According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the products of a chemical reaction should equal the total mass of the reactants. In your reaction, the mass went down from 253.0 g to 250.2 g, which seems to contradict this law. However, the apparent loss of mass can be explained by the involvement of a gas in the reaction.
Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Identify the given chemical equation. This will help in determining if a gas is produced or consumed in the reaction.
2. Examine the reactants and products to see if any of them are gases. Gases can escape the system during the reaction, causing a decrease in the observed mass.
3. If a gas is produced, this explains the apparent loss of mass. The mass of the gas is not being accounted for on the balance because it has escaped into the atmosphere.
4. If a gas is consumed, it may have been initially present in the system and was not measured in the initial mass. Once it is consumed, the mass of the system would appear to decrease.
In summary, the apparent loss of mass from 253.0 g to 250.2 g can be attributed to the involvement of a gas in the chemical reaction, either as a product or a reactant.
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Consider the following acid and bases HCO2H ka = 1. 8 x 10^-4
HOBr Ka = 2. 0 x 10^-9
(C2H5)2NH kb = 1. 3 x 10-3
HONH2 kb = 1. 1 x 10^-8
choose sobstances to create ph = 4 buffer solutions:
select all tha apply
HONH3NO3
HOBr
NaOBr
(C2H5)2NH2Cl
(C2H5)2NH
HCO2H
KHCO2
HONH2
The substances that can create a pH = 4 buffer solution are HCO₂H and KHCO₂.
When modest quantities of acid or base are added to a buffer solution, it resists changes in pH. In order to create a buffer solution, we need to have a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, in roughly equal amounts.
HCO₂H is a weak acid with a pKa of 3.74, and its conjugate base is HCO₂⁻. KHCO₂ is the potassium salt of HCO₂⁻, and it acts as a source of HCO₂⁻ ions, making it a good buffer component.
The other substances listed are not suitable for creating a pH = 4 buffer solution because they either do not have a pKa or pKb near 4, or they are neither a pair of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a pair of a weak base and its conjugate acid..
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Was the solubility of kno3 affected by the higher water temperature in the same way the solubility of nh4cl was? explain.
The solubility of KNO3 increases with higher water temperatures, while the solubility of NH4Cl decreases as temperature rises.
The solubility of a substance in a solvent depends on several factors, including temperature, pressure, and the chemical properties of the substances involved. In the case of KNO3 and NH4Cl, their solubility is affected differently by temperature. KNO3 becomes more soluble as temperature increases, while NH4Cl becomes less soluble. This is because KNO3 has a weaker attraction to water molecules compared to NH4Cl, which results in a gradual increase in its solubility with temperature. On the other hand, NH4Cl has a stronger attraction to water molecules, and as temperature rises, the increased thermal energy causes the water molecules to move faster and disrupt the intermolecular forces that hold NH4Cl together, leading to a decrease in its solubility. Therefore, it is important to consider the unique properties and interactions of each compound with the solvent when predicting how changes in temperature will affect their solubility.
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Two solid chemical compounds are mixed together in a beaker. After one minute, ice crystals are observed on the outside of the beaker. What is the best description for the energy change occurring with the reaction inside the beaker?
Group of answer choices
exothermic because heat is being released to the surroundings
endothermic because heat is being released to the surroundings
exothermic because heat is being absorbed from the surroundings
endothermic because heat is being absorbed from the surroundings
The description that fits the reaction that was observed is endothermic because heat is being absorbed from the surroundings. Option D
What more should you know about endothermic reaction?Endothermic reaction stores energy. In the reaction that has occurred, heat energy was absorbed from the enviroment which makes the beaker to become cold.
Assuming it was an exothermic reaction, heat energy would have been released to the surrounding of the beaker. the beaker would have felt warm or hot to the touch,
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What type of reaction is A + B + 210 ) >>> C
The reaction A + B + 210 → C can be categorized as a combination reaction.
In a combination reaction, two or more reactants (A and B in this case) combine to form a single product (C). The number 210 could be a typo or an irrelevant part of the equation, as it does not fit the standard chemical notation.
Based on the information you provided, the reaction can still be categorized as a combination reaction. In a combination reaction, two or more reactants combine to form a single product.
In this case, reactants A and B react together to produce product C. However, without further information or a corrected equation, it is not possible to provide specific details about the reaction or the substances involved.
If you have any additional information or a revised equation, please provide it, and I would be happy to assist you further.
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What is the percentage composition of each element in dinitrogen monoxide, n2o? (5 points) a 58.32% n; 41.68% o b 60.55% n; 39.45% o c 63.64% n; 36.36% o d 62.66% n; 37.34% o
The percentage composition of each element in dinitrogen monoxide is 63.64% N; 36.36% O.
To determine the percentage composition of each element in dinitrogen monoxide (N2O), we need to calculate the molar mass of the compound and the molar mass of each element.
Molar mass of N2O = (2 x molar mass of N) + molar mass of O
= (2 x 14.01 g/mol) + 16.00 g/mol
= 44.02 g/mol
The percentage composition of each element can be calculated as follows:
Percentage composition of N = (2 x molar mass of N) / molar mass of N2O x 100%
= (2 x 14.01 g/mol) / 44.02 g/mol x 100%
= 63.64%
Percentage composition of O = molar mass of O / molar mass of N2O x 100%
= 16.00 g/mol / 44.02 g/mol x 100%
= 36.36%
Therefore, the correct answer is option c: 63.64% N; 36.36% O.
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The hydrolysis of acetyl phosphate has ΔG = −42 kJ mol−1 under typical biological conditions. If the phosphorylation of acetic acid were to be coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP, what is the minimum number of ATP molecules that would need to be involved?
The hydrolysis of one ATP molecule has ΔG = -30.5 kJ mol⁻¹. Therefore, the minimum number of ATP molecules required to drive the hydrolysis of acetyl phosphate, with ΔG = -42 kJ mol⁻¹, is 2 ATP molecules.
The phosphorylation of acetic acid involves the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to acetic acid, forming acetyl phosphate and ADP. The reaction can be represented as follows:
Acetic acid + ATP → Acetyl phosphate + ADPThe hydrolysis of acetyl phosphate involves the addition of a water molecule, which breaks the phosphoanhydride bond and releases the energy stored in the phosphate bond. The reaction can be represented as follows:
Acetyl phosphate + H₂O → Acetic acid + PiThe ΔG value of the hydrolysis of acetyl phosphate is -42 kJ mol⁻¹. Since the phosphorylation of acetic acid requires one ATP molecule, the minimum number of ATP molecules required to drive the hydrolysis of acetyl phosphate is calculated as follows:
ΔG = ΔG1 + ΔG2-42 kJ mol⁻¹ = -30.5 kJ mol⁻¹ + ΔG2ΔG2 = -42 kJ mol⁻¹ + 30.5 kJ mol⁻¹ΔG2 = -11.5 kJ mol⁻¹Since the hydrolysis of one ATP molecule has ΔG = -30.5 kJ mol⁻¹, the minimum number of ATP molecules required to drive the hydrolysis of acetyl phosphate is 2.
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How many grams of Barium Chloride are needed to make 220 mL of 0.040 M solution?
1.2 grams of Barium Chloride (BaCl₂) are needed to make 220 mL of 0.040 M solution.
How to find the massTo determine the amount of grams of Barium Chloride (BaCl₂) needed to compound a 220 mL 0.040 M solution, we can implement the following formula:
mass (in grams) = molarity × volume (in liters) × molar mass
convert the volume of the mixture from milliliters (mL) to litres (L):
220 mL = 0.220 L by : 220/1000
The molar mass of BaCl₂ is 137.33 g/mo
Therefore, when utilizing the equation above, we can deduce that:
mass = 0.040 mol/L × 0.220 L × 137.33 g/mol = 1.2 g
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Please help!!!
1.00 L of gas is collected in a sealed elastic container in outer space where the pressure is 1.54 x 104 mm Hg and the temperature is 88 K. What will the volume be if the container is moved to sea level ( 101.3 kPa) and room temperature ( 23 C)?
The volume of the gas in the container at sea level and room temperature would be approximately 0.00676 L.
PV = nRT
Where:
P = pressure
V = volume
n = number of moles
R = gas constant
T = temperature
V = nRT / P
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of gas in the container:
n = PV / RT
Where:
P = 1.54 x[tex]10^{4}[/tex] mm Hg
V = 1.00 L
R = 8.31 J/mol*K (gas constant)
T = 88 K
Converting the pressure to kPa and the volume to m^3:
P = 1.54 x [tex]10^{4}[/tex] mm Hg * (101.3 kPa / 760 mm Hg) = 2054.59 Pa
V = 1.00 L * [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] [tex]m^{3}[/tex]/L) = 0.001 [tex]m^{3}[/tex]
n = (2054.59 Pa * 0.001 m^3) / (8.31 J/mol*K * 88 K) ≈ 0.000276 mol
P = 101.3 kPa
T = 23 + 273.15 K = 296.15 K
V = nRT / P
V = (0.000276 mol * 8.31 J/mol*K * 296.15 K) / 101.3 kPa
Converting the volume to liters:
V = 0.00676 L
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The Goodyear Blimp has a volume of 5. 74 x 10e6 L. If it was also filled with hydrogen, how many moles of hydrogen would fit into the blimp?
The Goodyear Blimp filled with hydrogen can hold approximately 255,447.62 moles of hydrogen.
To find the number of moles of hydrogen that would fit into the blimp, we first need to calculate the mass of hydrogen that the blimp can hold.
The molar mass of hydrogen is 2.016 g/mol.
To calculate the mass of hydrogen that the blimp can hold, we multiply the volume of the blimp (5.74 x 10^6 L) by the density of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is 0.0899 g/L:
Mass of hydrogen = volume of blimp x density of hydrogen at STP
Mass of hydrogen = 5.74 x 10^6 L x 0.0899 g/L
Mass of hydrogen = 515,026 g
Now, we can calculate the number of moles of hydrogen by dividing the mass of hydrogen by its molar mass:
Number of moles of hydrogen = mass of hydrogen / molar mass of hydrogen
Number of moles of hydrogen = 515,026 g / 2.016 g/mol
Number of moles of hydrogen = 255,447.62 mol
So, approximately 255,447.62 moles of hydrogen would fit into the Goodyear Blimp under standard temperature and pressure conditions.
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Question 4 of 10
Which of these actions increases enthalpy in the air molecules of the Earth's
atmosphere?
A. Carbon dioxide being taken in by plants during photosynthesis
B. Trees being planted in the rain forests
C. People breathing in oxygen
D. The air being heated by the sun
SUBMIT
D, The air being heated by the sun.
Enthalpy is a measure of the internal energy of a system, including the potential and kinetic energy of its molecules. When the air is heated by the sun, the molecules in the air gain kinetic energy, which increases their enthalpy. This is because temperature is directly proportional to the kinetic energy of the molecules.
The other options listed, such as carbon dioxide being taken in by plants during photosynthesis, trees being planted in the rain forests, and people breathing in oxygen, do not directly increase the enthalpy of air molecules in the Earth's atmosphere. These processes may have other effects on the atmosphere, such as removing carbon dioxide or releasing oxygen, but they do not directly affect the internal energy or enthalpy of air molecules.
In summary, the correct answer to the question is D, the air being heated by the sun, as this process directly increases the enthalpy of air molecules in the Earth's atmosphere.
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When 21.44 moles of si react with 17.62 moles of n2 how many moles of si3n4 are formed
A total of 11.48 moles of Si₃N₄ are formed.
To determine the moles of Si₃N₄ formed, we need to identify the limiting reactant. The balanced chemical equation is:
3Si + 2N₂ → Si₃N₄
First, find the mole ratio of Si to N₂ in the reaction:
Si: (21.44 moles Si) / 3 = 7.146
N₂: (17.62 moles N₂) / 2 = 8.810
Since the Si mole ratio is lower (7.146), Si is the limiting reactant. To calculate moles of Si₃N₄ formed, use the mole ratio from the balanced equation:
Moles of Si₃N₄ = (7.146 moles Si) * (1 mole Si₃N₄ / 3 moles Si) ≈ 11.48 moles Si₃N₄.
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How many moles of n2 (g) are present in 1. 00 l of n2 (g) at 100. °c and 1 atm?
______ moles
There are 2.74 moles of N₂ (g) present in 1.00 L of N₂ (g) at 100°C and 1 atm.
The number of moles can be calculated using the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15 K. Thus, T = 100°C + 273.15 = 373.15 K .We also need to convert the pressure from atm to Pa by multiplying by 101,325 Pa/atm. Thus, P = 1 atm × 101,325 Pa/atm = 101,325 Pa.
We can now solve for n:
n = PV/RT = (101,325 Pa × 1.00 L)/(0.08206 L⋅atm/mol⋅K × 373.15 K) = 2.74 mol N₂ (g)
Therefore, in a 1.00 L container filled with N₂ (g) at a temperature of 100°C and pressure of 1 atm, there are 2.74 moles of N₂ (g) present
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2al + 6 hcl → 2 alcl3 + 3h2 ∆hrxn = -152 kj
how much heat energy is associated with the reaction of 35 g of aluminum with excess hydrochloric acid?
The heat energy associated with the reaction of 35g of aluminum with excess hydrochloric acid is -5,380 kJ. This is calculated by multiplying the number of moles of aluminum (0.2 mol) by the enthalpy change of the reaction (-152 kJ/mol) to give -30.4 kJ.
This is then multiplied by the mass of aluminum (35g) to give -5,380 kJ.
In this reaction, heat energy is released as a result of the formation of bonds between the aluminum and the hydrochloric acid.
This means that the enthalpy change is negative, indicating that the reaction is exothermic. The reaction can be represented by the equation 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2, with an enthalpy change of -152 kJ/mol.
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whats the volume of dry hydrogen gas at standard astrospheric pressure
The volume of dry hydrogen gas at standard atmospheric pressure (which is typically defined as 1 atm or 101.325 kPa) depends on the number of moles of hydrogen gas present. The ideal gas law, PV = nRT, relates the pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), and temperature (T) of an ideal gas. Assuming standard temperature and pressure (0°C and 1 atm), one mole of any ideal gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L. Therefore, to find the volume of dry hydrogen gas at standard atmospheric pressure, we need to know how many moles of hydrogen gas we have.
For example, if we have 1 mole of dry hydrogen gas at standard atmospheric pressure, the volume would be 22.4 L. If we have 0.5 moles of dry hydrogen gas, the volume would be 11.2 L. And so on.
When magnesium chlorate (Mg(ClO3)2 is decomposed, oxygen gas and magnesium chloride are produced. What volume of oxygen gas at STP is produced when 3. 81 g of Mg(ClO3)2 decomposes?
The volume of oxygen gas produced when 3.81 g of Mg(ClO3)2 decomposes is 1.18 L at STP.
When magnesium chlorate (Mg(ClO3)2) is decomposed, it breaks down into oxygen gas (O2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2). This reaction is an example of a decomposition reaction, which is a type of chemical reaction that involves the breakdown of a single compound into two or more simpler substances.
To determine the volume of oxygen gas produced when 3.81 g of Mg(ClO3)2 decomposes, we first need to calculate the number of moles of Mg(ClO3)2 in the sample. We can do this using the molar mass of Mg(ClO3)2, which is 214.2 g/mol:
Number of moles of Mg(ClO3)2 = mass / molar mass = 3.81 g / 214.2 g/mol = 0.0178 mol
Next, we need to use the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of Mg(ClO3)2 to determine the number of moles of oxygen gas produced:
Mg(ClO3)2 -> MgCl2 + 3O2
According to this equation, for every mole of Mg(ClO3)2 that decomposes, three moles of oxygen gas are produced. Therefore, the number of moles of O2 produced in the reaction is:
Number of moles of O2 = 3 x number of moles of Mg(ClO3)2 = 3 x 0.0178 mol = 0.0534 mol
Finally, we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the volume of oxygen gas produced at STP (standard temperature and pressure, which are 0°C and 1 atm, respectively). The ideal gas law is given by:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant (0.08206 L atm/mol K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
At STP, the pressure is 1 atm and the temperature is 273 K. Therefore, we can rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for the volume:
V = nRT / P = (0.0534 mol) x (0.08206 L atm/mol K) x (273 K) / (1 atm) = 1.18 L
Therefore, the volume of oxygen gas produced when 3.81 g of Mg(ClO3)2 decomposes is 1.18 L at STP.
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I NEED HELP ASAP PLEASE HELP!!!
1)Calculate the pH of a 0. 03 M solution of nitric acid.
2)Calculate the hydronium ion concentration of a sulfuric acid solution with a pH of 5. 43.
3)Calculate the pOH of a 0. 025 M solution of sodium hydroxide.
4)Calculate the pH of a 0. 002 M solution of lithium hydroxide
1. For each of the following quantities, underline the zeros that are significant (sf), and determine the number of significant figures in each quantity. For (d) to (1), express each in exponential notation first. (a) 0. 0030 L (b) 0. 1044 g (c) 53,069 ml (d) 0. 00004715 m (e) 57,600 s (f) 0. 0000007160 cm (g) 57600
0.0030 L - The significant figures are "3" and "0". There are two significant figures in this quantity.
0.1044 g - The significant figures are "1", "0", "4", and "4". There are four significant figures in this quantity.
53,069 mL - All digits are significant. There are five significant figures in this quantity.
0.00004715 m - In exponential notation, this is 4.715 x 10^-5 m. The significant figures are "4", "7", "1", and "5". There are four significant figures in this quantity.
57,600 s - The significant figures are "5", "7", and "6". There are three significant figures in this quantity.
0.0000007160 cm - In exponential notation, this is 7.160 x 10^-7 cm. The significant figures are "7", "1", "6", and "0". There are four significant figures in this quantity.
57600 - The significant figures are "5", "7", "6", and "0". There are three significant figures in this quantity.
Zeros at the beginning of a number are not significant, as they only indicate the decimal point's location. Trailing zeros after the decimal point are significant, as they indicate the precision of the measurement. However, trailing zeros before the decimal point are not significant, as they may be there only to indicate the scale of the number. In exponential notation, the number of significant figures is determined by the number of digits in the coefficient.
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ASAP Big test
Question 7 (1 point)
Saved
The subscript numbers in covalent compounds can be determined by_____
Question 7 options:
the number of the column in which the element is found
the addition of the charges on each metal
the prefixes used in the written name of the compound
subtraction of the charges on the metal
The subscript numbers in covalent compounds can be determined by the prefixes used in the written name of the compound.
Covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms, and their names are derived from the prefixes used to indicate the number of each type of atom in the compound.
The prefix indicates the number of atoms of each element, and the second element is given an "-ide" ending. For example, carbon dioxide has one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, and is written as CO₂. The prefix "di" indicates two atoms of oxygen, and the subscript "2" indicates that there are two oxygen atoms.
Similarly, dinitrogen trioxide has two nitrogen atoms and three oxygen atoms, and is written as N₂O₃. The prefix "di" indicates two nitrogen atoms, and the prefix "tri" indicates three oxygen atoms, thus leading to the correct subscript numbers.
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Dalton's Law and the Ideal Gas Law
At what pressure will 4. 80 moles of fluorine gas have a volume of 60. 0 liters and a temperature of 298 K?
The pressure of the fluorine gas under these conditions is approximately 2.01 atmospheres.
To answer your question, we will use the Ideal Gas Law equation:
PV = nRT
Where:
P = pressure
V = volume (60.0 liters)
n = number of moles (4.80 moles)
R = gas constant (0.0821 L atm / K mol)
T = temperature (298 K)
We need to find the pressure (P). Rearrange the equation for P:
P = nRT / V
Now plug in the given values:
P = (4.80 moles * 0.0821 L atm / K mol * 298 K) / 60.0 liters
P ≈ 2.01 atm
So, the pressure of the fluorine gas under these conditions is approximately 2.01 atmospheres.
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What is the mass of an airplane that is flying at 246 m/s and has a momentum of 19,680,000 kg•m/s?
The mass of the airplane is 80,000 kg.
To find the mass of the airplane, we can use the formula for momentum:
momentum = mass x velocity
We are given the momentum of the airplane, which is 19,680,000 kg•m/s, and the velocity, which is 246 m/s.
So, we can rearrange the formula to solve for mass:
mass = momentum / velocity
Plugging in the values we have, we get:
mass = 19,680,000 kg•m/s / 246 m/s
Simplifying this expression gives us:
mass = 80,000 kg
Therefore, the mass of the airplane is 80,000 kg.
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A glucose solution in water is labelled as 20%. the density of the solution is 1.20 g/ml.
what is the molarity of the solution?
help your boy out
The molarity of the glucose solution is 6.66 M.
To determine the molarity of the glucose solution, we first need to convert the percentage concentration to grams of glucose per milliliter of solution.
Since the solution is labeled as 20%, we know that there are 20 grams of glucose in 100 milliliters of solution.
We can then use the density of the solution to convert from milliliters to grams:
1.20 g/mL x 100 mL = 120 g
So, there are 120 grams of glucose in the entire solution.
Now, we can calculate the number of moles of glucose using its molar mass, which is 180.16 g/mol:
moles of glucose = mass of glucose / molar mass = 120 g / 180.16 g/mol = 0.666 moles
Finally, we can calculate the molarity of the solution:
molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution in liters
We know that the volume of the solution is 100 mL or 0.1 L:
molarity = 0.666 moles / 0.1 L = 6.66 M
Therefore, the molarity of the glucose solution is 6.66 M.
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A student is holding a test tube containing 5.0 milliliters of water. A sample of NH4Cl(s) is placed
in the test tube and stirred. Describe the heat flow between the test tube and the student's hand.
Answer:
When NH4Cl(s) is added to water, it dissolves and dissociates into its constituent ions NH4+ and Cl-. This is an endothermic process, meaning it requires heat energy to occur. The NH4Cl(s) absorbs heat from the surroundings, including the water in the test tube and the student's hand holding the test tube. As a result, the test tube and the student's hand feel cooler, as some of the heat energy has been transferred to the NH4Cl(s). Therefore, the heat flows from the test tube and the student's hand to the NH4Cl(s).
Hazel used 45. 7grams of nickel II nitrate Ni(NO3)2 to make a 1. 25M solution. How much water is required to make this solution?
Solve for the GFM=
Hazel needs 0.6975 liters of water to make a 1.25M solution of Ni(NO₃)₂ using 45.7 grams of the solute.
To solve this problem, we need to use the formula:
Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution
First, we need to find the moles of nickel II nitrate:
moles = mass / molar mass
The molar mass of Ni(NO₃)₂ can be calculated by adding the molar masses of each element:
Ni: 58.69 g/mol
N: 14.01 g/mol
O (3 atoms): 3 x 16.00 g/mol = 48.00 g/mol
Total molar mass = 58.69 + 14.01 + 48.00 = 120.70 g/mol
So, the moles of Ni(NO₃)₂ used by Hazel is:
moles = 45.7 g / 120.70 g/mol = 0.3781 moles
Now, we can use the formula to find the volume of solution:
Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution
1.25 M = 0.3781 moles / liters of solution
Liters of solution = 0.3781 moles / 1.25 M = 0.3025 L
Therefore, the volume of water required to make the solution is:
Volume of water = Total volume - Volume of solute
Volume of water = 1 L - 0.3025 L = 0.6975 L
So, Hazel needs 0.6975 liters of water to make a 1.25M solution of Ni(NO₃)₂ using 45.7 grams of the solute.
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The bulk of Florida’s peninsula is made up carbonate rock (limestone and dolostone) overlain by variable thicknesses and mixtures of sand and clay. Carbonate rocks store and transmit groundwater. Through a slow chemical process these carbonate rocks may also dissolve, which of the following landforms is a result of the chemical weathering of carbonate rock? A. dunes B. sinkholes C. mountains D. rivers
The landform that is a result of the chemical weathering of carbonate rock is
B. sinkholes. What happens during chemical weathering of carbonate rock?While the chemical weathering of carbonate rock does occur, it can result in voids or cavities under the surface. When sedimentary layers become unstable and unable to support their own weight, a concave impression known as a sinkhole will form.
Sinkholes are prevalent in areas that have an ample supply of carbonate rock, which itself poses a danger due to its potential impact on infrastructure and human well-being. It is important to note that the chemical deterioration of carbonate rock does not typically contribute to natural developments like mountains, dunes, or rivers.
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In the reaction of h2 with cl2, the molecular bonds of the reactants are broken and new bonds are formed to make the products. what step(s) is/are considered endothermic?
steps:_
The breaking of the molecular bonds in H₂ and Cl₂ is considered an endothermic step because it requires energy input to break the bonds.
This energy is absorbed from the surroundings in the form of heat. On the other hand, the formation of new bonds between H and Cl atoms in the products is considered an exothermic step because it releases energy in the form of heat.
Overall, the reaction of H₂ with Cl₂ is an exothermic reaction because the energy released during the formation of new bonds is greater than the energy required to break the existing bonds. This means that the reaction releases heat into the surroundings.
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