10. Although lidocaine is marketed as its hydrochloride salt, it doesn’t exhibit the same level of physiological activity as the free amine. The free amine is more lipophilic and diffuses across a neuron cell membrane more rapidly than the ionic salt, resulting in a more rapid onset of anesthesia. Therefore, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is added to a solution of lidocaine prior to injection. How does the addition of sodium bicarbonate promote a faster anesthetic effect?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of Lidocaine and hence reduce the pain

Explanation:

Alkalinization by addition of sodium bicarbonate causes buffering of local anesthetics and hence produce faster anesthetic effect such as pain control, pain reduction while injecting the patient and  faster onset of local anesthetics.

Lidocaine along with epinephrine results into acidic compound wit respect to subcutaneous tissue. Hence, when bicarbonate is added, it neutralizes the acidity of Lidocaine and hence decrease the pain.  


Related Questions

2n2+5O2 = 2N2O5 what mass of nitrogen is required to react with 16 grams of oxygen

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

5.6

According to the stoichiometry of the given chemical equation, 11.2 grams  of nitrogen is required to react with 16 grams of oxygen.

What is chemical equation?

Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.

A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .

The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.

Learn more about chemical equation,here:

https://brainly.com/question/28294176

#SPJ2

What is the force being applied to an object with a mass of 12 KG and an acceleration of 4M/S

Answers

Answer:

48 newtons

Explanation:

f=m*a

When a chemical system is at equilibrium, A. the concentrations of the reactants are equal to the concentrations of the products. B. the concentrations of the reactants and products have reached constant values. C. the forward and reverse reactions have stopped. D. the reaction quotient, Picture, has reached a maximum. E. the reaction quotient, Picture, has reached a minimum.

Answers

Answer: The correct option is option B (the concentrations of the reactants and products have reached constant values).

Explanation:

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM is defined as a state which is attained in a chemical system where by forward reaction occurs at the same rate with the backward reaction leading to CONSTANT CONCENTRATIONS of the reactants and the products. Chemical equilibrium is achievable in a closed Chemical system so that none of the reactants or products would escape be they gaseous or otherwise.

Chemical equilibrium occurs in a type of reaction called reversible reactions. Reversible reactions is one that can go in either direction depending on the condition of the system. In other words, reactants form products and under favourable conditions products react together to reform the reactants. For example,

3Fe(s) + 4H2O(l) <-------> Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)

As the above reversible reaction proceeds, a time is reached when the rate of forward reaction { which is the formation of Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)} is equal to the rate of the backward reaction {which is the formation of 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(l)}. At this point, concentrations of the reactants and products have reached constant values.

When a chemical system is at equilibrium then the concentrations of the reactants and products have reached constant values.

What is chemical equilibrium?

Chemical equilibrium is a state occur in any reversible reaction, where the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction and it is represent as:

A + B ⇄ C + D, where

A & B are reactants, and C & D are products.

As the rates are equal in equilibrium state, so the concentration of reactant and product also have constant value as there is no change in the rate.

Hence, option (B) is correct i.e. concentrations of the reactants and products have reached constant values.

To know more about chemical equilibrium, visit the below link:

https://brainly.com/question/13414142

in 1890 there were more gray-winged moths than white-winged moths due to?


ANSWER IS ADAPTATION!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

thank u

Explanation:

ok then what was the point of this tho

KFell Fe"(CN), + e + Nat → KNaFe'Fe(CN)6
Fe'l. [Fe(CN)6]z + 4e + 4Na+ Na Fe",[Fe''(CN)613
2NH3 + 60H
N2 + 6H2O + 6e
->
What are the reactants in this reaction? What are the products?

Answers

Answer:

Most common oxidation states: +2, +3

M.P. 1535º

B.P. 2750º

Density 7.87 g/cm3

Characteristics: Iron is a gray, moderately active metal.

Characteristic reactions of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺

The [Fe(H2O)6]3+ ion is colorless (or pale pink), but many solutions containing this ion are yellow or amber-colored because of hydrolysis. Iron in both oxidation states forms many complex ions.

Aqueous Ammonia

Aqueous ammonia reacts with Fe(II) ions to produce white gelatinous Fe(OH)2, which oxidizes to form red-brown Fe(OH)3:

Fe2+(aq)+2NH3(aq)+3H2O(l)↽−−⇀Fe(OH)2(s)+2NH+4(aq)(1)

Fe3appt.gif

Aqueous ammonia reacts with Fe(III) ions to produce red-brown Fe(OH)3:

Fe3+(aq)+3NH3(aq)+3H2O(l)↽−−⇀Fe(OH)3(s)+3NH+4(aq)(2)

Fe3bppt.gif

Both precipitates are insoluble in excess aqueous ammonia. Iron(II) hydroxide quickly oxidizes to Fe(OH)3 in the presence of air or other oxidizing agents.

Sodium Hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide also produces Fe(OH)2 and Fe(OH)3 from the corresponding oxidation states of iron in aqueous solution.

Fe2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)↽−−⇀Fe(OH)2(s)(3)

Fe4appt.gif

Fe3+(aq)+3OH−(aq)↽−−⇀Fe(OH)3(s)(4)

Fe4bppt.gif

Neither hydroxide precipitate dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide.

Potassium Ferrocyanide

Potassium ferrocyanide will react with Fe3+ solution to produce a dark blue precipitate called Prussian blue:

K+(aq)+Fe3+(aq)+[Fe(CN)6]4−(aq)↽−−⇀KFe[Fe(CN)6](s)(5)

Fe5a1ppt.gif

With Fe2+ solution, a white precipitate will be formed that will be converted to blue due to the oxidation by oxygen in air:

2Fe2+(aq)+[Fe(CN)6]4−(aq)↽−−⇀Fe2[Fe(CN)6](s)(6)

Fe5a2ppt.gif

Many metal ions form ferrocyanide precipitates, so potassium ferrocyanide is not a good reagent for separating metal ions. It is used more commonly as a confirmatory test.

Potassium Ferricyanide

Potassium ferricyanide will give a brown coloration but no precipitate with Fe3+. With Fe2+, a dark blue precipitate is formed. Although this precipitate is known as Turnbull's blue, it is identical with Prussian blue (from Equation 5).

K+(aq)+Fe+2(aq)+[Fe(CN)6]3−(aq)↽−−⇀KFe[Fe(CN)6](s)(7)

Fe5b.gif

Potassium Thiocyanate

KSCN will give a deep red coloration to solutions containing Fe3+:

Fe+3(aq)+NCS−(aq)↽−−⇀[FeNCS]+2(aq)(8)

Fe5cppt.gif

No Reaction

Cl−, SO2−4

If a dog has a mass of 21.5 kg, what is its mass in the following units? Use scientific notation in all of your answers.

What is the dog’s mass in grams?

What is the dog’s mass in milligrams?

What is the dog’s mass in micrograms?

Answers

Explanation:

use the conversation in the image

What is the name of the structure formed when fertilization occurs?

Answers

Answer:

zygote

Explanation:

I got this online

Answer:

ᘔYᘜOTᗴ:

=> In human fertilization, a released ovum (a haploid secondary oocyte with replicate chromosome copies) and a haploid sperm cell (male gamete)—combine to form a single 2n diploid cell called the zygote.

ʰ ʰˡˢ

[tex] \infty \infty [/tex]

What is the pigment that absorbs light energy and make glucose?

Answers

Answer: chlorophyll

Explanation: Photosynthetic cells contain chlorophyll and other light-sensitive pigments that capture solar energy.

How is heat transferred from one object to another? A. Heat moves from warmer objects to cooler objects. B. Heat moves from cooler objects to warmer objects. c. Heat moves between objects of the same temperature. D. Heat moves back and forth between two objects.​

Answers

Answer: I believe the answer is A, heat moves from warmer objects to cooler objects. I know for sure it isn’t C or D though so A

The heat is transferred from one object to another as heat moves from warmer objects to cooler objects. The correct option is A.

What is the transfer of heat?

There are three ways to transfer heat. They are conduction, convection, and radiation. Heat travels from one body to another body. If the temperature of two objects is different, then the heat travels from higher temperature to lower temperature.

Conduction is the transfer of energy when two objects ate in contact with each other. Convection is a transfer between object and environment. Radiation is when transferred by emission of electromagnetic radiation.

Thus, the correct option is A. Heat moves from warmer objects to cooler objects.

Learn more about the transfer of heat, here:

https://brainly.com/question/13433948

#SPJ5

11.9 g sample of aniline (C6H5NH2, molar mass = 93 g/mol) was combusted in a calorimeter with sufficient of oxygen. If the calorimeter heat capacity is 10.0 kJ/K, how many Kelvin does the temperature increase due to this sample combustion?

4 C6H5NH2 (l) + 35 O2 (g) --> 24 CO2 (g) + 14 H2O (g) + 4 NO2 (g)

ΔHrxn=−12800kJ

Answers

Answer:

The temperature increases in 40.9K

Explanation:

Based on the reaction, 4 moles of aniline in combustion releasing 12800kJ to the surroundings, in this case, to the calorimeter.

To solve this question we must find the heat that releases the sample of aniline finding the moles in the sample.

With the heat released we can find the increase in Kelvin due the combustion as follows:

Moles aniline:

11.9g * (1mol / 93g) = 0.128 moles aniline

Heat released:

0.128 moles Aniline * (12800kJ / 4 moles Aniline) = 409kJ are released

Increasing in temperature:

For each 10.0kJ, the calorimeter increases its temperature in 1K. For 409kJ:

409kJ * (1K / 10.0kJ) =

The temperature increases in 40.9K


How many atoms are there in two molecules of water?
a. 3
b.4
c.5
d.6

Answers

Answer:

the answer is 4

Explanation:

your welcome lol

Dominic made the table below to organize his notes about mixtures. A 1-column table. The first column labeled properties of mixtures has entries has no set composition, must have more than one state of matter, must have more than one substance. What mistake did Dominic make? The title should read “Properties of Solutions” because some mixtures do not have all of the properties listed. There is a definite recipe to make each mixture, so the composition of a mixture is set. Although it is possible to have more than one state, it is also possible to have only one state. A single substance can be used to make a mixture if the substance is composed of more than one element.

Answers

Answer:

Exxplanation:

Answer:

Although it is possible to have more than one state, it is also possible to have only one state.

Explanation:

how many atoms of titanium are in 11.3 moles

Answers

Answer:

I don’t mnow

Explanation:

In the process of photosynthesis, sunlight is converted into

Answers

Answer:

Chemical energy

Explanation:

By the use of electrons and protons from water

Answer:

chemical energy

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is the process by which organisms that contain the pigment chlorophyll convert light energy into chemical energy which can be stored in the molecular bonds of organic molecules (e.g., sugars). Photosynthesis powers almost all trophic chains and food webs on the Earth.

A cork cell was first observed by Robert Hooke in the year:
O 1556
O 1065
O 1965
O 1665

Answers

Answer:

1665

Explanation:

In 1665, Robert Hooke was the first to observe cork cells and their characteristic hexagonal shape, using the first optical microscope, which was invented by him at that time.

how many molecules are in 4.08 moles of CCL4

Answers

Hkaiwjebebsjakwbwhuwbs hsubshwiwknwhdudie hxjdinejdjdjdjdjdjdje

. How many grams of lithium are formed from the reaction if you begin with 89.5
grams of copper?
Cu
+
Li2S --> 2 Li +
CUS

Answers

Answer:

179g

Explanation:

Molar ratio for Copper : Lithium is

1:2

If there are 89.5g of copper

Grams for Lithium= 89.5 × 2 = 179g of Lithium

The amount of lithium are formed from the reaction if you begin with 89.5 grams of copper is 19.6 grams.

How do we convert mass into moles?

Mass can be converted into moles by using the below equation as:

n = W/M, where

W = given mass

M = molar mass

Moles of 89.5g of copper = 89.5g / 63.5g/mol = 1.4 mol

Given chemical reaction is:

Cu + Li₂S → 2Li + CuS

From the stoichiometry of the reaction, it is clear that

1.4 mole of Cu = produces 1.4 mole of CuS

1.4 mole of CuS = produced by 1.4 mole of Li₂S

1.4 mole of Li₂S = produces 2×1.4=2.8 moles of Li

Mass of 2.8 moles of Li = (2.8mol)(7g/mol) = 19.6g

Hence resultant mass of lithium is 19.6g.

To know more about mass & moles, visit the below link:
https://brainly.com/question/24631381

#SPJ2

What is the majority of water on earth's surface located.
A. Lakes
B. Rivers
C. Glaciers
D. Oceans

Answers

Answer:

oceans

Explanation:

Answer:

D. Ocean

Explanation:

oceans are the majority water on earth's surface located. They hold 97% of earths water.

Is anyone good at chemistry if so can someone help me please ?

(NO LINKS)

Answers

The reactions are a bit poorly written. While it's true that aqueous H₂CO₃ is produced in this neutralization reaction, the H₂CO₃ rapidly decomposes to yield CO₂(g) and H₂O(l). Writing the product as H₂CO₃(aq) in the net ionic equation is unnecessarily confusing since it portrays the substance as nonionizing yet water-soluble.

In any case, the Na⁺ and the Cl⁻ are the spectator ions here.  

I need help with this science problem

Answers

Answer:

I'm pretty sure its D

Explanation:

It says the best that explains. D states that when it has less energy that it the molecules will collide. And they would to make a liquid. So thats why its D.

PLEASE HELP IF YOU KNOW I WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!! A LOT OF POINTS!!
What is the solubility in Molarity of Ag2SO4 in a 0.1M solution of Sodium Sulfate at 25C?

Answers

Answer:

0.0039 mol/L

The molar solubility is 0.0039 mol/L, thus the common ion effect has reduced the solubility from 0.016 mol/L for Ag2SO4 in pure water to 0.0039 mol/L in the Na2SO4 solution.

Explanation:

0.0039 mol/L........

give a description of arecent (2018-2020) example of how this problem has displayed itself in your community​

Answers

Answer:

im not sure go with the first

Explanation:

Define a salt bridge. Question 6 options: A pathway between the cathode and anode in which ions are oxidized. A pathway by which counterions can flow between the half-cells without the solutions in the half-cell totally mixing. A pathway in which no ions flow. A pathway between the cathode and anode in which ions are reduced. A pathway, composed of salt water, that ions pass through.

Answers

Answer:

A pathway by which counterions can flow between the half-cells without the solutions in the half-cell totally mixing.

Explanation:

In a voltaic cell, oxidation occurs at the anode and reduction occurs at the cathode.

Hence, there is a build up of positive ions at the anode and a build up of negative ions at the cathode. This tends to disrupt the electrical neutrality of the half cells.

Hence, there is a need for negative ions in the salt bridge to flow towards the anode and positive ions in the salt bridge to flow towards the cathode in order to maintain the electrical neutrality of the cells.

Hence, a salt bridge provides a pathway by which counterions can flow between the half-cells without the solutions in the half-cell totally mixing.

i really need help with this

Answers

Answer:

i hope i can help you with this

Answer: focus in class

Explanation:

:////

See if you can complete the following table using only what is on this page. Hint. Two of the entries are for the same element.
Element
Symbol
Nuclear
Symbol
Atomic Mass
Protons Neutrons
Electrons in
Number Number
Neutral Atom
57
82
138
57
ola
Fe
59
26

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

The empty spaces should be completed step-by-step as follows:

First line:

Element symbol: La (it is the corresponding element for the atomic number 57)

Mass number = Atomic number + Neutrons = 57 + 82 = 139

Nuclear symbol: ¹³⁹₅₇ La because the atomic number is 57 and mass number is 139.

Protons: 57 (is equal to the atomic number for a neutral atom)

Electrons in neutral atom = Atomic number = 57

Second line:

Element symbol: La (it is the corresponding element for the atomic number 57 and mass number 138)

Atomic number: 57 (from the Periodic Table, for La)

Mass number = 138 (from the nuclear symbol)

Protons: 57 (is equal to the atomic number for a neutral atom)

Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number = 138 - 57 = 81

Electrons in neutral atom = Atomic number = 57

Third line:

Atomic number: 26 (from the Periodic Table, for the element Fe)

Protons: 26 (is equal to the atomic number for a neutral atom)

Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number = 59 - 26 = 33

Nuclear symbol: ⁵⁹₂₆ Fe because the atomic number is 26 and mass number is 26.

What happens to the solar energy absorbed by plants during photosynthesis ?

Answers

Answer:

Photosynthesis in plants converts solar energy into chemical energy using electrons and protons from water. in plants involves a series of steps and reactions that use solar energy, water, and carbon dioxide to produce organic compounds and oxygen.

Explanation:

Answer:

its is used to make sugar which plants eat think it goes through like glycose or something

Explanation:

It takes 53.0 J to raise the temperature of an 11.0 g piece of unknown metal from 13.0∘C to 24.3 ∘C. What is the specific heat for the metal?

Answers

Answer:

Heat absorbed = mS△T

51 = ( 8.2/1000)Kg ×S (11.5)

51×1000= 8.2 (11.5)S

S = 51000/94.3

S = 540.8 J/kg K

How many molecules of methane gas (CH4) are in 32.1 grams of methane

Answers

Answer:

There are 1.8021⋅1024 molecules of CH4 in 48 grams of CH4 .

Explanation:

hope it helps you

follow me for more

I'm willing to help

4. Write the chemical formula for each of the following:
Calcium oxide - Copper (II) nitrate - Ammonium chloride-
Magnesium sulphate - Copper (1) oxide - Calcium chloride.

Answers

Answer:

Calcium oxide: CaO

Copper (II) nitrate: Cu(NO₃)₂

Ammonium chloride: NH₄Cl

Magnesium sulfate: MgSO₄

Copper (I) oxide: Cu₂O

Calcium chloride: CaCl₂

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according the IUPAC rules for naming this inorganic salts, whereas calcium, copper (II), ammonium, magnesium and copper (I) are the cations and oxide, nitrate, chloride and sulfate are the anions, we proceed as follows:

Calcium oxide: CaO

Copper (II) nitrate: Cu(NO₃)₂

Ammonium chloride: NH₄Cl

Magnesium sulfate: MgSO₄

Copper (I) oxide: Cu₂O

Calcium chloride: CaCl₂

Best regards!

A solution of HCl is made by dissolving .005 moles of HCl in 50 L of water. What is the pH of the solution? What is the pOH?
PH?
0.0001
4.00
11.00
2.3p
pOH?
2.00
4.00
10.00
12.00​

Answers

Answer:

pH= 4; pOH= 10

Explanation:

HCl is a strong acid and therefore dissociates completely in a solution of water via HCl + H2O --> Cl- + H3O+.

Because it is a strong acid, [HCl] = [H3O+].

[HCl]= [H3O+]= (0.005 mol)/(50L)= 1.0 x 10^-4

pH= -log[H3O+]

pH= -log(1.0 x 10^-4)= 4

pH + pOH = 14

4 + pOH = 14

pOH= 10

Other Questions
True or False: A Theocracy can coincide with a democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, or just about any other kind of government Explain in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, do you think the Puritans were rational in their fears of witchcraft? Why or why not? How could they have avoided this incident? HURRY The figure shows a utility pole with an electrical line and a telephone line.The angled wire is a tension wire.Complete the table: for each angle pair given, identify the transversal and classify the angle pair. (Hint: Think of the utility pole as a line for these problems.)Note: Ill give you a lot of points for this Cmo se comparan nuestros Juegos Olmpicos modernos con los Juegos Olmpicos de la Antigua Grecia? Geologists who specifically study earthquakes are called ________. Group of answer choices speleologists seismologists paleontologists vulcanologistsGeologists who specifically study earthquakes are called ________. Group of answer choices speleologists seismologists paleontologists vulcanologists Please help asap! Correct answer gets brainliest identify the slope and the y-intercept. Show your complete solution. 7x - 2y = 13 20 < 5 (F 32) < -15solve the compound inequalities Which two French explorers helped claim and settle Canada? Which parts of Canada did they explore? what is the answer to y did a chicken cross the road Miguel runs 5 miles in 38 minutes. At the same rate, how many miles would he run in 57 minutes? 133.5 divided by 5 show work! who ruled the Iberian peninsula during golden age ? 1. The young man was well-dressed because 4 digit number that is not divisoble by 2,3,5 or 10 please help to solve it What scene in the show friends represents cognitive dissonance Ryan has a bank account balance of $17.62. As soon as he realizes this, he deposits $26.50 in the account.What is Ryan's bank account balance after the deposit is made?Enter your answer in the box.$ sa ma ajute si pe mn careva can a chemical that blocks cytokinesis affect the cell cycle