Answer:
DDT was first introduced in the United States in the 1940s as a powerful pesticide that was widely used to control insect populations.
DDT use led to the decline of the bald eagle population in the United States in the mid-twentieth century.
Bald eagles are at the top of the food chain and consume large quantities of fish, which can accumulate DDT in their bodies over time.
The accumulation of DDT in bald eagles led to a condition known as eggshell thinning, which caused the eggs to crack before they could hatch, resulting in a decline in the bald eagle population.
The thinning of eggshells occurs because DDT causes the female bald eagles to produce eggs with thinner shells.
As a result, many bald eagle chicks did not survive, leading to a decline in the population.
In addition to bald eagles, other bird species were also affected by the use of DDT, leading to a decline in their populations as well.
In the 1960s, research conducted by Rachel Carson and others brought attention to the harmful effects of DDT on the environment and wildlife.
As a result of this research, the use of DDT was banned in the United States in 1972.
Since the ban of DDT, the bald eagle population has shown signs of recovery, but is still considered a threatened species in many parts of the country.
Help please, 30 points
view attachment below
The statement "they decrease the activation energy" is true. A catalyst can lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur, thereby increasing the reaction rate.
In ducks, long bills (B) is dominant over short bills (b). A heterozygous long-bill duck is crossed
with a short-bill duck.
of white
Answer:
3. What is the genotype of the parent ducks?
4. What is the phenotype of the second duck? Answer:
5. What is the expected phenotypic ratio?
Answer:
3. The genotype of the parent ducks can be represented as Bb (heterozygous long-bill duck) and bb (short-bill duck).
4. The phenotype of the second duck would be short-billed since the short bill trait is recessive and will only be expressed if an individual has two copies of the short bill allele (bb).
5. The expected phenotypic ratio would also be 1:1, meaning that half of the offspring will have long bills and half will have short bills.
The expected phenotypic ratio of their offspring can be predicted using a Punnett square:
B b
b Bb bb
b Bb bb
The possible genotypes of their offspring are Bb (long-billed) and bb (short-billed), with a 1:1 ratio. Therefore, the expected phenotypic ratio would also be 1:1, meaning that half of the offspring will have long bills and half will have short bills.
What is genotype?
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, which is the complete set of inherited genetic information carried by an organism's DNA. It includes all of an organism's genes, including those that are not expressed, or visible, as traits.
The genotype determines an individual's physical and behavioral traits, susceptibility to diseases, and response to the environment. The genotype of an organism is inherited from its parents and can be passed down to its offspring. It can be studied through various techniques, including genetic testing and DNA sequencing.
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A student sees a red wolf at the zoo and wants to research specific information about the animal.
Which levels of taxonomy are BEST to use when researching specific information about the red wolf?
A
Kingdom and species
B
Kingdom and genus
C
Genus and species
D
Species and family
The genus and species levels of taxonomy are best to use when researching certain information about any animal. Therefore, option C is correct.
What are the levels of taxonomy?There are seven main levels of taxonomy, listed below in order from most inclusive to least inclusive:
Kingdom: It divides organisms into broad groups based on their general characteristics. Phylum: It groups organisms based on their body plan and shared characteristics.Class: It further divides organisms within a phylum based on shared physical or biological characteristics.Order: It groups organisms within a class based on similarities in their physical or biological features.Family: It groups organisms within an order based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics.Genus: It groups organisms within a family based on their genetic similarities and evolutionary history.Species: A species is defined as a group of organisms that can produce viable offspring through sexual reproduction.Thus, option C is correct.
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Drivers for Biodiversity Loss in North America
Take a look at the information pertaining to the loss of biodiversity in North America (above) between 1970 and 2016. Which driver had the most negative impact on biodiversity? List and describe 3 factors that could lead to this impact.
In North America, between 1970 and 2016, habitat loss and degradation accounted for 80% of the fall in biodiversity, according to a research by the World Wildlife Fund.
What causes the loss of biodiversity and why?Deforestation, forest degradation, and loss of forest biodiversity are still mostly caused by agricultural expansion. The biggest cause of biodiversity loss is the global food system, with over 85% of the 28,000 species under risk of extinction being directly attributed to agriculture.
What is the main factor causing biodiversity loss?Changes in land and marine usage, direct exploitation of organisms, climate change, pollution, and invasion of alien species are the direct drivers of biodiversity loss with the greatest global impact.
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circle the words that correctly complete the sentences about reproduction in plants
Answer:
Point 1- Spores and Gamates
Point 2- Sperm
Point 3- Sperm and Egg
Explanation:
Point One-
Organisims that use asexual reproduction it is spores, and sexual reproduction is gametes. Yeast uses asexual reproduction, and humans are obviously sexual reproduction.
Point 2-
Sperm. In order to have a gamete, an egg will need to have a sperm.
Point 3-
Self explanatoryexplaitory.
Formation of enterocelous?
Enterocoelous refers to the condition in which the coelom develops from pouches "pinched" off of the digestive system, whereas Schizocoelous refers to the condition in which the body cavity is formed by the splitting of the mesoderm during embryonic development.
What procedure does the coelom of the enterocoelous and schizocoelous designs follow?Unlike Schizocoelous, where the capsule is created either by breaking the capsule or by pouches "pinched" off of the digestive tract, Enterocoelous is an illness in which the coelom originates from pouches "pinched" off of the digestive system.
A method for how certain animal embryos develop is known as schizocoelous or schizocoelic. When secondary heart cavities coeloms are created by breaking a solid mass of pair with polished nickel hardware embryonic tissue, the schizocoely process takes place.
What is the formation of the coleom for the enterocoelous and schizocoelous plan?
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Question 5 of 10
At your acute care organization, pressure injury risk assessment facility protocols stipulate the frequency of pressure injury risk assessment and reassessment. Assume that your hospital protocols follow IHI recommendations and reflects common practice at most hospitals. Following protocol, you should:
A. Assess for pressure injury risk on admission and perform skin assessments daily
B. Reassess pressure injury risk weekly
C. Perform a daily skin assessment and a risk assessment if warranted
D. Perform a skin assessment every shift, for every patient
In accordance with IHI guidelines and typical hospital practise. Pressure injury prevention involves identifying the risk of pressure injuries at the time of admission and monitoring the skin on a daily basis.
Patients' risk of suffering an accident should be reevaluated how frequently?The frequency of risk assessments is advised to vary. A risk assessment is typically performed daily, after a major change in condition, and on admission in acute care facilities. In critical care settings, frequent assessments like once every shift should be performed.
How long may a risk assessment be left alone before it needs to be reviewed?You can decide when a review is thought necessary, but because the risk assessment is an ongoing process, this information should be recorded and updated as your organisation changes.
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The Respiratory System:
Just Breathe Notes and Lab
What You Need to Know:
FUNCTION:
environment and your
RESPIRATORY ORGANS:
and
(1):
respiratory system that helps to warm air
oxygen and carbon dioxide with the
environment
includes parts of the
goes to each
(Throat) (2); transports air, food, and water,
and
Name:
(Voice Box) (3):
are
stretched across larynx opening and contract/relax to make sound
(Wind Pipe) (4): carries air from
to
rings for protection
/Bronchial tubes (5):
(Air Sacs)(6):
Each tube
tiny sacks in (8)
Into
enters bloodstream and
split off from
into tiny tubes called (7)
are surrounded by
0,19%
Covered in cartilaginous
exits)
-one tube
Explanation:
The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels.
What if Fallin’s record label asked her to pose in the war bonnet to gain publicity for her music?
Would it make a difference if this were simply a business decision to sell records? Explain your reasoning
Assume that the short earlobes allele in humans is recessive to the long earlobes allele, and that individuals with the short earlobes genotype exhibit 60% penetrance. What is the probability that two heterozygous individuals will have a child together with the short earlobes phenotype?
In 1941, Charlie Chaplin met a young actress named Joan Barry, with whom he had an affair. The affair ended in February 1942, but 20 months later, Barry gave birth to a baby girl and claimed that Chaplin was the father. Barry then sued for child support. At this time, blood typing had just come into widespread use, and Chaplin’s attorneys had Chaplin, Barry, and the child blood typed. Barry had blood type A, her child had blood type B, and Chaplin had blood type O. Which blood type(s) is/are possible for the father of Barry's child? Choose all that apply.
Suppose a species of tulip has three alleles for the gene that codes for flower color. The C-R allele produces red tulips, the C-p allele produces purple tulips, and the C-w allele produces while tulips. C-R is dominant over C-p and C-w, and C-p is dominant over C-w. List the genotypes of the two parent plants if the following progeny percentages result from their crossing: 50% red, 25% purple, and 25% white.
Achondroplasia is a common cause for short-limbed dwarfism in humans. All individuals with achondroplasia are thought to be heterozygous at the locus that controls this trait. When individuals with achondroplasia mate, approximately 2/3 of their children have achondroplasia and 1/3 do not. What is the most likely explanation for this inheritance pattern?
Group of answer choices
The allele that causes achondroplasia is a recessive lethal allele
The allele that causes achondroplasia is incompletely dominant to the other allele
The allele that causes achondroplasia is co-dominant with the other allele
The allele that causes achondroplasia displays variable expressivity
Probability of having a child with short earlobes phenotype:
The genotypes of two heterozygous individuals are Ss after mating. The likelihood that a child will inherit the recessive short earlobes allele from both parents determines the likelihood that the child will have the short earlobes phenotype. (0.4 x 0.4) = 0.16 or 16% represents this likelihood.
Since Barry has blood type A and the child has blood type B, the father might have blood types AB or B.
This is because Barry has blood type A and the child has blood type B. Based on the ABO blood group inheritance pattern, both of these blood types are feasible.
The genotypes of the two parent plants must be C-R/C-p for one parent and C-R/C-w for the other. This cross results in 50% red, 25% purple, and 25% white (C-R/C-w) offspring.
The allele that causes achondroplasia is dominant to the other allele, but homozygosity for this allele is fatal, which is the most plausible explanation for the inheritance pattern of achondroplasia.
Achondroplasia sufferers are consequently heterozygous for the allele, and when they mate, their offspring have a 2/3 chance of getting one copy of the allele (and hence developing achondroplasia) and a 1/3 chance of inheriting two copies of the allele.
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What is a body activity that is controlled by involuntary muscles?
Answer:
The function of the involuntary muscles is to cause variations in shape or inner diameter of the organs (movement of substances inside the body, favoring possible passageways or the exclusion of contents). Their contraction is regulated by the autonomic nervous system. An example of an involuntary muscle is the heart.
During and after photosynthesis, energy
changes from one form to another in a series of steps.
Which step related to this energy transformation occurs second?
Choose 1 answer:
A.Sugar molecules are rearranged,
releasing chemical energy.
B.Light energy is used to build sugars from carbon dioxide and water.
C.Chlorophyll captures light energy.
The second step in photosynthesis, light energy is used to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water, as option B shows.
What is Photosynthesis?It is the process by which plants make carbon compounds.It is the biological process of capturing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen by plants.During photosynthesis, light energy is used to produce sugars using carbon dioxide and water. This process is known as the Calvin Cycle and it is a process that does not need direct sunlight.
The Calvin cycle involves a series of chemical transformations, with the expenditure of energy necessary to convert carbon dioxide into sugars that will be important for the development of the plant.
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please help with following Question that I attached
Freud's psychosexual stages describe the development of a person's personality and sexual drives from infancy to adulthood.
What are the examples of a child in given stages?Oral Stage (birth to 18 months): A baby who constantly puts objects in their mouth.
A^nal Stage (18 months to 3 years): A toddler who is obsessed with controlling their bowel movements.
Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years): A young child who is curious about their own genitals and may engage in self-exploration.
Latency Stage (6 years to puberty): A child who is more focused on their social and intellectual development rather than their sexuality.
Genital Stage (puberty onwards): A teenager who begins to develop sexual feelings towards others and starts to form intimate relationships.
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compared to the dri report determain how many calories per day kelly watson should eat\
Based on her age, gender, height, weight, and level of physical activity, Kelly Watson should consume about 2100–2500 calories per day.
What does a 2000-calorie diet's DRI look like?According to the DV data, a person who consumes 2,000 calories per day ought to take in: 585 calories or less than 65 grammes of fat. 180 calories or less, or less than 20 grammes, of saturated fat. 1200 calories or at least 300 grammes of carbs.
What percentage of a diet with 2000 calories a day should include protein?You should get between 10% and 35% of your calories from protein. Hence, if you require 2,000 calories, 50–175 grammes of protein, or 200–700 calories, will suffice. For a typical inactive adult, 0.8 is the necessary daily intake to prevent deficiency.
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The diagram shows how gas exchange happens in a specialised structure of the lungs. Name part C.
The red blood cell, shown by the letter C in the diagram of the specialized structure of the lungs, is in charge of transferring oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs for exhalation.
A kind of blood cell called a red blood cell, also called an erythrocyte, is in charge of transferring oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs for exhalation. Hemoglobin, a protein that binds to both oxygen and carbon dioxide, is found in red blood cells, which are disc-shaped cells without a nucleus. They are an integral part of the body's ability to exchange gases with the environment and play a crucial function in the respiratory system.
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Which resource is not extracted from the ocean?
Responses,
coal
manganese
gravel
oil
What is another name for a transgenic organism?
Answer:
Genetically modified organism or GMO
Explanation:
. Which of the organisms—herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores—would also be labeled consumers? Why?
In an ecosystem, all herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores are regarded as consumers. This is due to the fact that they consume other species, whether they be plants, animals, or both, in order to gain energy and nutrients.
Every organism that consumes other living things is referred to as a consumer in ecological terms. Since they devour plants, which are producers that harness solar energy through photosynthesis, herbivores are consumers. Since they devour other animals, which are themselves, consumers who have acquired energy and nutrients from other species, carnivores are consumers. Since omnivores consume both plants and animals, they are consumers who fill a variety of ecological niches.
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Help
13.The diagram below represents two processes that occur in organisms. A characteristic represented by X is common to both of these processes….
14. Some sea slugs store chloroplasts obtained from algae they have ingested. The chloroplasts continue to carry out photosynthesis within the slugs. What advantage would this activity be to these sea slugs?
Answer: moves molecules and the slugs with chloroplasts can synthesize some of their own food
Explanation:
#13 By doing process of elimination:
- Diffusion doesn't need energy; Active does so number 1 is wrong
- None don't require enzymes but proteins
- oxygen doesn't make sense
- Diffusion and Active Transport move molecules by there concentration. Making 4 possibly correct.
#14
sea slugs can synthesize their own food since they have stored chloroplasts because chloroplasts is a big factor in photosynthesis and synthesizing food (breaking down food) because they turn water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen.
Select the correct answer.
According to United Nations predictions, what will be the total population of the world by 2100?
O. A. 9 billion
OB.
O C.
OD.
OE.
10 billion
11 billion
40 billion
8 billion
According to the United Nations, total population of the world is projected to reach approximately 10.9 billion by 2100. Therefore, option C, 11 billion, is the closest to correct answer.
According to United Nations predictions, what will be total population of world by 2100?According to a new United Nations report released today, the present global population of 7.6 billion people will increase to 8.6 billion in 2030, 9.8 billion in 2050, and 11.2 billion in 2100.
The global population in 2021 was 7.9 billion. According to the UN's 2022 estimate, there will be 9.7 billion people on the planet in 2050 and roughly 10.3 billion by the year 2100.
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If a restriction enzyme has a cleavage site consisting of six nucleotide pairs, what is the chance that six adjacent nucleotides in a random sequence of double-stranded DNA will match the restriction site?
Question 2 options:
a) (1/4)4 = 1/256
b) (1/2)6 = 1/64
c) (1/2)4 = 1/16
d) (1/4)6 = 1/4096
Answer:
The chance of each nucleotide base (A, T, C, or G) occurring in a random sequence is 1/4. Since there are six nucleotide pairs in the restriction site, the probability of each pair matching is (1/4)2 = 1/16. Therefore, the probability of all six adjacent nucleotide pairs matching the restriction site is (1/16)6 = 1/16777216, which is approximately 1 in 16 million.
However, none of the given answer options is correct. The closest answer is d) (1/4)6 = 1/4096, which is the probability of a randomly selected sequence of six nucleotide pairs matching a specific sequence of six pairs. But the restriction site can match in any order, so we need to consider all the possible combinations of six adjacent pairs in the DNA sequence.
There are (2n-6+1) possible locations for a six-nucleotide pair sequence in a double-stranded DNA molecule of length n. For n = 6, there is only one possible location, but for larger values of n, there are more possibilities. For example, in a molecule of length 10, there are five possible locations:
ATGCAGTACC
TGCAGTA
CAGTAC
GTACC
TACCA
So the probability of at least one of these locations matching the restriction site is 1 - (1 - 1/4096)5 = 0.00122, which is approximately 1 in 820.
Therefore, the correct answer is not listed among the given options.
If thie dna is located in the nucleus of s skin cell the cell
Answer:DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing all take place within the nucleus, with only the final stage of gene expression (translation) localized to the cytoplasm.
Explanation:
i hope this is right but if not I’m sorry
Which event in inflammation aids in white blood cells migrating from the blood vessel to the site of injury?
Arterioles widen.
O Phagocytes engulf complement coated bacteria.
O Complement is activated.
O Capillary permeability is increased.
O Blood flow produces heat in the area.
Capillary permeability is increased if event in inflammation aids in white blood cells migrating from the blood vessel to the site endothelial of injury
The correct answer is C
What causes WBC to go from blood vessels to tissues?Leukocyte migration involves movement between tissues, blood, and lymphatic vessels, as well as between the vessels and tissues (extravasation). Cells bind to the vascular endothelium through a number of steps.
Eosinophils are the first type or white blood cell to reach an infection site.Neutrophils are the most prevalent granulocyte, making up between 50 and 80 percent among all white blood cells. They frequently belong to the first types of cells that reach an infection site, when they use a process known as phagocytosis to engulf and kill the infecting microbes.
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Do a research proposal on this topic "Perceptions and attitudes towards consumption of GMO tomatoes" (Desk review)
Answer:
Explanation:
Title: Perceptions and Attitudes towards Consumption of GMO Tomatoes: A Desk Review
Background:
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are plants or animals that have been genetically engineered to possess desirable traits, such as increased resistance to pests, herbicides, or harsh weather conditions. Despite the potential benefits of GMOs, there are concerns about the safety and long-term effects of consuming them. Tomatoes are one of the most commonly genetically modified crops, and it is important to understand consumer perceptions and attitudes towards them.
Objectives:
The objectives of this desk review are to:
1. Explore existing literature on consumer perceptions and attitudes towards consumption of GMO tomatoes.
2. Identify the factors that influence consumer acceptance or rejection of GMO tomatoes.
3. Assess the knowledge, beliefs, and values that shape consumer attitudes towards GMO tomatoes.
4. Identify gaps in the literature and suggest areas for further research.
Methods:
This desk review will involve a comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search will include keywords such as "genetically modified tomatoes," "consumer attitudes," "perceptions," and "food safety." The inclusion criteria will be studies published in English between 2010 and 2022 that focus on consumer perceptions and attitudes towards consumption of GMO tomatoes.
Results:
The results of this desk review will provide an overview of the existing literature on consumer perceptions and attitudes towards consumption of GMO tomatoes. It will identify the factors that influence consumer acceptance or rejection of GMO tomatoes, such as concerns about health and safety, ethical and environmental considerations, and trust in regulatory bodies. The review will also assess the knowledge, beliefs, and values that shape consumer attitudes towards GMO tomatoes, such as familiarity with GMO technology and perceptions of naturalness.
Conclusion:
The findings of this desk review will provide valuable insights into consumer perceptions and attitudes towards consumption of GMO tomatoes. The results will help to identify areas where further research is needed and may inform policy decisions related to the labeling and regulation of GMO foods. Ultimately, this review will contribute to a better understanding of the factors that shape consumer attitudes towards GMOs and their implications for food production, distribution, and consumption.
What is photosynthesis
Answer:
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that through cellular respiration can later be released to fuel the organisms activities.
Answer:
Photosynthesis is the process of preparing food in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
You have the following solutions
Solution A- salty, cold, ice water Solution B- fresh water, hot Solution C- salty room temperature water
if you pour these solutions into a cylinder how will they layer from bottom to top?
Assuming that the solutions don't mix with each other, the layers would be, from bottom to top: B, C & A.
Solution B: Hot, clean water (on the bottom)
Solution C: water that is salty and at room temperature (in the middle)
Solution A is ice water that is salty and cold (on the top)
This is because as you go from A to C to B, the solutions get more dense. Solution A is the least dense because it has ice, which is less dense than water. Solution C is denser than solution A because the salt dissolves in it when it is at room temperature. This makes it more dense. Solution B is the most dense because it is hot, which makes it less voluminous and more dense. So, the solutions will stack up from top to bottom in the order of increasing density.
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HELP PLEASE!!!
Allele information is: Seed colors [yellow (Y) is dominant over green (y)]. Seed shape [round (R) is dominant over wrinkled (r)]. Pod shape [inflated (I) is dominant over constricted (i)]. Plant height [tall (T) is dominant over short (t)].
Answer:
Thank you for providing the allele information. This information describes the dominant and recessive traits for each of the four characteristics: seed color, seed shape, pod shape, and plant height.
For seed color, the dominant allele is Y, which results in yellow seeds, while the recessive allele is y, which results in green seeds.
For seed shape, the dominant allele is R, which results in round seeds, while the recessive allele is r, which results in wrinkled seeds.
For pod shape, the dominant allele is I, which results in inflated pods, while the recessive allele is i, which results in constricted pods.
For plant height, the dominant allele is T, which results in tall plants, while the recessive allele is t, which results in short plants.
These alleles can be combined in different ways through genetic inheritance to determine the traits of an individual plant. For example, if a plant inherits one Y allele and one y allele for seed color, it will have yellow seeds because the Y allele is dominant over the y allele. Similarly, if a plant inherits two R alleles for seed shape, it will have round seeds because the R allele is dominant over the r allele.
Which of the following is accurate statement of the relationships in this cladogram?
An accurate statement of the relationships in this cladogram is Clades A and C are more closely related than clades A and D.
The correct option is A.
What is a cladogram?A cladogram is a diagram used in biology to show the evolutionary relationships between different species. It is a branching diagram in which each branch represents a different species or group of related species.
Cladograms are constructed based on shared characteristics, called homologies, that are inherited from a common ancestor. The branching pattern on a cladogram indicates the order in which different groups of organisms diverged from a common ancestor. The closer the branches are to each other, the more closely related the groups of organisms are thought to be.
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2) Other risk factors beyond what is assessed in the Braden Scale may include co-morbid conditions (e.g., vascular disease, diabetes), increased length of stay, and use of vasopressors (e.g., norepinephrine).
True
False
True. Co-morbid illnesses (such as vascular disease, diabetes, and other diseases), an extended hospital stay, and the use of vasopressors are possible additional risk factors beyond those evaluated by the Braden Scale (e.g., norepinephrine).
The six subscales that make up the Braden Scale assess risk factors that may lead to either a reduced tissue tolerance to pressure or a higher duration and intensity of pressure. They include: shear, friction, activity, movement, and wetness.the use of vasopressors are possible additional risk factors beyond those evaluated by the Braden Scale (e.g., norepinephrine). The six factors on the Braden scale—sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobile, nutrition, & friction and shear—are used to assess the likelihood of developing pressure ulcers. The six subscales of the Braden Scale, which range in scores from 1 to 4 or 1 to 3, are sensory perception, moisture, exercise, mobility, nutrition, and friction/shear.
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Fruit flies have sensory receptors that respond to different chemicals. Some of these receptors are sensitive to chemicals that make up odors while others are sensitive to chemicals that make up tastes. For example, one type of taste receptor in fruit flies is sensitive to the taste of water. Scientists performed an experiment to examine the role of odor and taste receptors in guiding the behavior of fruit flies.
The scientists' experiment took place in two phases. In the training phase, the scientists kept the fruit flies away from water for 16 hours. Then, they placed the fruit flies in a chamber filled with a specific odor (odor 1) but no water for 2 minutes. They next transferred the flies to a second chamber filled with a different odor (odor 2) and water for 2 minutes.
In the next phase, the scientists tested the fruit flies by placing them in a testing maze with two arms, one of which contained odor 1 and the second which contained odor 2. Neither of these arms contained water. The scientists counted the number of flies that went into each arm. The testing phase was completed after different amounts of time had passed after the training phase. The scientists then repeated this experiment with flies that lacked the taste receptor for water. The table below shows the number of flies that went into each arm in all of the trials.
Time After Training Normal Flies Flies That Cannot Taste Water
Odor 1 Odor 2 Odor 1 Odor 2
3 minutes 36 64 55 45
3 hours 33 67 45 55
24 hours 30 70 51 49
Data adapted from Shyu et al. 2017. Nature Communications. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
How do the scientists' findings support the argument that the information fruit flies take in through their sensory receptors can be stored as memories?
A.
by showing that fruit flies that could taste water were more attracted to odor 2 during the training period than were fruit flies that could not taste water
B.
by showing that fruit flies that could not taste water were not attracted to odor 2 by 24 hours after training
C.
by showing that more of the fruit flies that could taste water were attracted to odor 2 than odor 1 at 24 hours after training
D.
by showing that fruit flies that could not taste water were less likely to locate water in the maze than fruit flies that could taste water
The normal fruit flies were able to use their sensory receptors to store and retrieve memories of past experiences, indicating that sensory information can be stored as memories in fruit flies.
The correct option is C.
What is the result of the experiment with fruit flies?The scientists' findings support the argument that the information fruit flies take in through their sensory receptors can be stored as memories because the data shows a difference in behavior between the normal fruit flies and the flies that cannot taste water.
Specifically, the normal fruit flies were more attracted to odor 2, which was associated with water during the training phase, than odor 1 at 24 hours after training. In contrast, the flies that could not taste water did not show a preference for either odor at 24 hours after training.
This suggests that the normal fruit flies formed a memory of the association between odor 2 and water during the training phase and were able to use that memory to guide their behavior in the testing maze.
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