Answer:
a. budget deficit
Explanation:
In the scenario described, where the total expenditure of the government of Kargenia exceeded its revenue, forcing the government to borrow funds, the term that describes this situation is a "budget deficit."
A budget deficit occurs when a government's total spending exceeds its total revenue or income. To cover the shortfall, the government typically borrows money by issuing debt securities, such as bonds. The budget deficit represents the amount by which the government's expenditures exceed its revenues in a given period, usually a fiscal year.