3. According to Newton's First Law, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force, an object at rest will​

According to Gauss law,  the electric flux is defined as the electric field multiplied by the area of the surface in a plane perpendicular to the field.

Gauss law is defined mathematically in Equation 1

Φ=Q ϵo               (1)

Where;

Q is enclosed charge

ϵo is the permittivity of the free space

According to the above gaussian relation, If the charge is doubled, then flux will also be doubled. This is because there is a direct relationship between the total flux and charge present in the electric field. This means that the net electric flux is dependent on the charge moving through the surface of the cube.

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The charge per unit length on the outer surface is [tex]3\lambda[/tex]

Charge per unit length of the wire [tex]= {\lambda}[/tex].

Charge per unit length of the cylinder =[tex]{2\lambda}[/tex]

Gauss's law is a principle that connects the distribution of electric charge to the resulting electric field. In its integral form, it asserts that the flux of the electric field out of any closed surface, regardless of how that charge is distributed, is proportional to the electric charge enclosed by the surface.

The total charge per unit length of the cylinder is equal to the charge per unit length of the inner part of the cylinder plus the charge per unit length of the outer part:

Solve for [tex]{\lambda_{\text{out}}}[/tex] :

[tex]\lambda_{\text{out}}=2\lambda-\lambda_{\text{in}}[/tex]

Substitute for [tex]{\lambda_{\text{in}}}[/tex] :

[tex]\lambda_{\text{out}}&=2\lambda-(-\lambda)\\ &={3\lambda}}[/tex]

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The force required to accelerate the block is 28 N.

The acceleration of a cart with a mass of 25 kg and applied force of 50 N is 2 m/s².

The mass of a block of ice that is accelerated to 6 m/s2 by a force of 3 Newtons is 0.5kg.

A free body diagram is a sketch of forces acting on an object. It consists of the applied force, weight of the object, frictional force and normal reaction.

The force required to accelerate the block is calculated as follows;

F = ma

F = 3.5 kg x 8 m/s²

F = 28 N

The acceleration of a cart with a mass of 25 kg and applied force of 50 N is calculated as follows;

a = F/m

a = 50/25

a = 2 m/s²

The mass of a block of ice that is accelerated to 6 m/s2 by a force of 3 Newtons is calculated as follows;

m = F/a

m = 3 N / 6 m/s²

m = 0.5 kg

A free body diagram is a sketch of forces acting on an object. It consists of the applied force, weight of the object, frictional force and normal reaction.

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V or total voltage is 6 volts because when multiple power supplies of the same voltage are connected in parallel, the applied voltage is same and the current equally divides between the number of power sources.

Divide I(t) or total current 0.25 amps between the two power sources.

Is=I(t)/Ns

Is=0.25amps/2sources

Is=.125amps

Voltage is the difference in electrical potential between two points.

Current is just the rate of flow of electric charge.

Each power source supplies .125amps of current to the load

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The type of energy that does not describe potential energy being changed into kinetic energy is the energy that exists in the Compression of the spring.

Usually, in many energy sources, the potential energy is changed into kinetic energy but no such energy transmission takes place when a spring is compressed.

Potential energy is considered as the stored energy occupied by an object or system by virtue of its respective position or by the arrangement of parts. However, this energy is not affected by the environment existing outside of the system or subject including air or height. Potential energy is changed into kinetic energy is also not described in the compression of rubber foam.  

On the other hand, the term kinetic energy is termed as the energy of a particular object or particle of a system that is in motion. Contrary to several peculiarities of potential energy, the kinetic energy of a particular object is in relative position to other stationery as well as moving objects present in its own environment which is an immediate type. In general, the kinetic energy of an object will be of higher value if the object is placed at a distance of greater height.  

If we take the case of Potential energy, it is not all transferrable in nature and will depend on the height or the distance and also the mass of the object. On the other hand, Kinetic energy can be easily transferable from one moving object to another which includes the vibrational and rotational types of energy and it depends on the speed, velocity, and mass of the object.

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The minimum spacing the engineer should leave between the sections to eliminate buckling is 0.011 m.

To calculate the minimum space the engineer must leave in other to eliminate bulking, we use the coefficient of linear expansivity of steel.

This can be defined as the increase in length, per unit length, per degree rise in temperature.

To calculate the minimum space, we use the fomula below

Formula:

Make L₂ the subject of the equation

From the question,

Given:

Substitute these values into equation 2

Hence, the minimum spacing the engineer should leave between the sections to eliminate buckling is 0.011 m.

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The velocity of a baseball thrown across a field is (V)= 10m/s

Velocity of a particle is its speed and the direction in which it is moving.

It can also be described as the instantaneous rate of change of the particle's distance traveled.

To calculate the velocity we are using the formula here,

V= S/t

Here we are given,

S= a distance of a baseball thrown= 40m

t= time to travel the distance = 4 seconds.

Now we put the values in the above equation, we get

V= S/t

Or, V = 40/4

Or, V= 10m/s

So, from the above calculation we can conclude that, the velocity of a baseball thrown across a field is (V)= 10m/s

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The net charge enclosed within the electric field is positive when more electric field lines leave a gaussian surface than enter it.

Remember, that a Gaussian surface is a three-dimensional closed surface that determines the flux of a vector field, often the gravity field, electric field, or magnetic field. A surface with more electric field lines departing than coming in indicates a net positive charge. It is important to note that E-field lines begin with positive charges and end with negative charges. This is characteristic of most gaussian surfaces. So, if more electric field lines exit than enter a gaussian surface, we may deduce that the enclosing net charge is generally positive.

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The ball will leave the ground with the velocity of 4.5 m/s.

Velocity is the distance travelled in a specific direction per time taken. It is measured in m/s

Given that a tennis ball is dropped from 1.98 m above the ground. It rebounds to a height of 1.05 m. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s².

Using the formula

v² = u² - 2gH

0 = u² - 2 × 9.8 × 1.05

u² = 20.58

u = √20.58

u = 4.54 m/s

Therefore, the ball will leave the ground with the velocity of 4.5 m/s.

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According to the question a plastic rod that has been charged to − 15nc touches a metal sphere. Afterward, the rod's charge is − 1.0nc.The electrons will be transferred from the plastic rod to the metal sphere and the number of electrons ( n ) = 8.73 * 10^10

First of all, write the initial charge on the plastic rod, and then it touches the metallic sphere. Then, a few amounts of charge are transferred to the steel sphere. Later, calculating the price difference between the plastic rod and metal sphere, the kind of charged particle transferred may be decided. Ultimately, the number of electrons may be calculated by the use of the overall charge and the rate of the electron.

The expression of the total charge in electrostatics is Q = ne

Q = charge

n = number of electrons

e = charge of the electron

The initial charge on the plastic rod ( Qplastic ) = -15nC

Final charge on the metal sphere after it was touched by the plastic rod ( Qmetal ) = -1nC

The charge transferred from the metal rod to the sphere = ( Q = Qplastic -   Qmetal )

Therefore Q = - 15nC - ( -1nC )

Q = -14nC

The plastic rod is negatively charged, so the electrons will be transferred to the metal sphere. The electrons will be transferred from the plastic rod to the metal sphere.

The expression of the total charge in electrostatics is Q = ne

The expression for n = Q / e

Q = -14nC

The charge on 1 electron = 1.602 * 10^-19 C.

Number of electrons ( n ) = -14nC ( 10^-9C/1nC ) / -1.602 * 10^-19 C.

Number of electrons ( n ) = 8.73 * 10^10

Threfore the number of electrons ( n ) = 8.73 * 10^10

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The volume occupied by the gas at 3.1 atm pressure will be 11.12 L.

When a gas is maintained at a constant temperature and with a certain mass, Boyle's law states that the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume.

To put it another way, as long as the temperature and volume of the gas remain constant, the pressure and volume of the gas are inversely proportional to one another. In 1662, the Anglo-Irish chemist Robert Boyle proposed the Boyle's law.

According to Boyle's law :

P1V1=P2V2 where,

P1 and P2 are the pressure and,

V1 and V2 are the volume of container.

As per the question, the given values are :

V1=15 L

P1= 2.3 atm and,

P2= 3.1 atm

So by using Boyle's theorem :

2.3 atm× 15 L = 3.1 atm× V2

34.5=3.1 atm × V2

V2=11.12 L

Hence, the volume at 3.1 atm pressure will be 11.12 L.

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The density of the earth is 3.51×10¹⁰ kg/m³

Density can be defined as the ratio of mass to the volume of a body. The S.I unit of density is kg/m³

To calculate the density of the earth, we use the formula below.

Formula:

Where:

From the question,

Given:

Note: Since the earth is a spherical in shape, we can calculate the volume of the earth using the volume of a sphere

Substitute these values into equation 1

Hence, the density of the earth is 3.51×10¹⁰ kg/m³.

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About 1.3 seconds the light takes to reach from the moon to the earth.

We know that the closest object to our earth is the Moon. Its distance from the earth is about 240,000 miles, so light from the Moon takes 1 and 1/3 seconds to get from the Moon to Earth while on the other hand, sun is  almost 400 times farther from earth as compared to the moon so the light reaches from sun is about 8 minutes 30 seconds.

So we can conclude that about 1.3 seconds the light takes to reach from the moon to the earth.

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Answer:

Momentum of tennis ball = 0.048

Momentum of soccer ball = 6.88

momentum of soccer ball is greater than that of tennis ball.

Explanation:

For table tennis ball,

Momentum of tennis the ball is given by,

Momentum = mass × volume

Momentum =  0.003 × 16

Momentum = 0.048

For table soccer ball,

Momentum of the soccer ball is given by,

Momentum = mass × volume

Momentum =  0.43 × 16

Momentum = 6.88

Thus, momentum of soccer ball is greater than that of tennis ball.

Answer: 1.2 x 10^7kg

Explanation:

Volume of tank = length x width x height

Volume = 51 x 20 x 11

Volume = 11220 m^3

Density = Mass/Volume

Density = 1030 kg/m^3

Volume = 11220 m^3

Mass = m

1030 = m/11220

m = 1030 x 11220

m = 11,556,600 kg or 1.2 x 10^7kg

The forces acting on the baseball are air resistance, and force of gravity.

The forces which act on an object moving upward will either oppose the motion of the object or help to speed up the object.

The forces present during upward motion include;

The forces acting on a baseball thrown upwards which also travels rightward include the following;

Thus, the forces acting on the baseball are air resistance, and force of gravity.

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The complete question is below:

Consider this situation: A baseball travels upward and

rightward through the air. Of the forces listed, identify which

act upon the baseball. (force of air resistance, force of gravity, weight of the ball, frictional force).

Even if in a piece of writing, you happen to use the author's last name in my sentence, you also need to use it in the in-text citation.

In academic writing, it is often important to quote the sources that one used in writing up the text. Failure to give accurate citation could be taken as plagiarism by the assessors.

Hence, even if in a piece of writing, you happen to use the author's last name in my sentence, you also need to use it in the in-text citation.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) happens when a sudden, external, physical assault damages the brain. It is one of the most common causes of disability and death in adults. TBI is a broad term that describes a vast array of injuries that happen to the brain. The damage can be focal (confined to one area of the brain) or diffuse (happens in more than one area of the brain). The severity of a brain injury can range from a mild concussion to a severe injury that results in coma or even death.

Brain injury may happen in one of two ways:

CLOSE BRAIN INJURY : Closed brain injuries happen when there is a nonpenetrating injury to the brain with no break in the skull. A closed brain injury is caused by a rapid forward or backward movement and shaking of the brain inside the bony skull that results in bruising and tearing of brain tissue and blood vessels. Closed brain injuries are usually caused by car accidents, falls, and increasingly, in sports. Shaking a baby can also result in this type of injury (called shaken baby syndrome).

PENETRATING BRAIN INJURY: Penetrating, or open head injuries happen when there is a break in the skull, such as when a bullet pierces the brain.

DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY: Is the shearing (tearing) of the brain's long connecting nerve fibers (axons) that happens when the brain is injured as it shifts and rotates inside the bony skull. DAI usually causes coma and injury to many different parts of the brain. The changes in the brain are often microscopic and may not be evident on computed tomography (CT scan) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

PRIMARY BRAIN INJURY: Refers to the sudden and profound injury to the brain that is considered to be more or less complete at the time of impact. This happens at the time of the car accident, gunshot wound, or fall.

SECONDARY BRAIN INJURY : Refers to the changes that evolve over a period of hours to days after the primary brain injury. It includes an entire series of steps or stages of cellular, chemical, tissue, or blood vessel changes in the brain that contribute to further destruction of brain tissue.

Answer:

Element of a compound typically cannot be separated by physical means because atoms are chemically bonded together

Explanation:

Compounds are substances composed of two or more elements chemically combined that can be separated into simpler substances only by chemical means

The magnitude of the magnetic moment due to the electron's motion is [tex]87.87 * 10^{-37}[/tex].

The magnetic pull and direction of a magnet or other object that produces a magnetic field are referred to as the magnetic moment in electromagnetism. Things that have magnetic moments include electromagnets, permanent magnets, various compounds, elementary particles like electrons, and a number of celestial objects (such as many planets, some moons, stars, etc).

The term "magnetic moment" really refers to the magnetic dipole moment of a system, which is the portion of the magnetic moment that can be represented by an equivalent magnetic dipole or a pair of magnetic north and south poles that are only very slightly apart. The magnetic dipole component is adequate for sufficiently small magnets or over sufficiently large distances.

Calculations:

radius= [tex]5.29 * 10^{-11} m\\[/tex]

velocity=[tex]2.9* 10^{6} m/s[/tex]

Working formula, M=N/A

[tex]I=\frac{charge flow }{time taken} =\frac{e}{time taken\\}[/tex]

[tex]T= \frac{2xr}{v} =\frac{2xx * 5.29 * 10^{-11} }{2.9* 10^{6} }[/tex]

   =[tex]15.16 * 10^{-5} s[/tex]

[tex]I= \frac{1.6 * 10^{-19} }{15.16 * 10^{-5} }[/tex][tex]= 0.10 * 10^{-14}[/tex]

                     =[tex]1 * 10^{-15} C[/tex]

M=[tex]1x (1* 10^{-15} * (5.29 * 10^{-11} )^{2}[/tex]

  =[tex]87.87 * 10^{-37}[/tex]

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The temperature in degrees Fahrenheit is 320 equal to twice the temperature in degrees Celsius.

The measurement of temperature as a physical quantity. In order to measure temperature, empirical scales take into account useful and trustworthy factors like the freezing and boiling temperatures of water.

The temperature will be solved as below:-

F = 2C

The temperature in degree centigrade is:-

C = ( 5 / 9 ) ( F - 32 )

Put the value in the equation above:-

F = 2 { 5 / 9 [ F -32 ]}

F = ( 10 / 9 ) [ F - 32 ]

( 9 / 10)F  = F - 32

( 9 / 10)F - F = 32

( -1 / 10)F = -32

F = 320°

Therefore, the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit is 320 equal to twice the temperature in degrees Celsius.

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Mitochondria is a type of organelle in the athlete’s cells supplies the energy for cellular function.

Since mitochondria are the cellular organelles in charge of producing aerobic ATP, the "health" of mitochondria is crucial for proper cellular operation

Mitochondria. Dictionary Britannica, Inc. Mitochondria, or "powerhouses," are oval-shaped organelles that are present in the majority of eukaryotic cells. During cellular respiration, substances like glucose are converted by mitochondria into ATP, an energy molecule (adenosine triphosphate).

The generation of ROS by mitochondria can result in oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins, membranes, and DNA, impairing their capacity to synthesize ATP and perform a wide range of metabolic processes, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, the urea cycle, amino acid metabolism, haem synthesis, and FeS center assembly, which are crucial to the normal functioning of most cells. The tendency of mitochondria to release intermembrane space proteins, such as cytochrome c (cyt c), to the cytosol by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), and so trigger the cell's apoptotic machinery, can also be increased by mitochondrial oxidative damage. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), which opens up the inner membrane to tiny molecules in conditions like ischaemial reperfusion damage, is also induced by mitochondrial ROS generation. So it should come as no surprise that mitochondrial oxidative damage plays a role in a variety of diseases. Additionally, mitochondrial ROS may behave as a modifiable redox signal, impacting a number of activities in the mitochondria, cytosol, and nucleus in a reversible manner.

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The speed does the Earth-based observers measure for the approaching landing craft is 1.016 times the speed of light.

To find the answer, we have to know about the Lorentz transformation.

It is given that, an alien spaceship traveling at 0.600 c toward the Earth, in the same direction the landing craft travels with a speed of 0.800 c relative to the mother ship. We have to find the speed do the Earth-based observers measure for the approaching landing craft.

                  [tex]V_x=V_x'(1-\frac{VV_x}{c^2} )+V\\where,\\V_x'=0.8c\\V=0.6c[/tex]

             [tex]V_x=0.8c(1-\frac{0.8c*0.6c}{c^2} )+0.6c=1.016c[/tex]

Thus, we can conclude that, the speed does the Earth-based observers measure for the approaching landing craft is 1.016 times the speed of light.

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The height reached by cat A is 2.5 m.

The speed of cat A before it hits the ground is 36.4 m/s.

The speed of cat B before it hits the ground is 22.39 m/s.

The time spent in air by cat A than cat B is 1.43 seconds.

The time of motion of cat A is calculated as follows;

h = vt - ¹/₂gt

-23 = 7t - 4.9t²

4.9t² - 7t - 23 = 0

solve the quadratic equation using formula method;

a = 4.9, b = -7, c = - 23

t = 3.0 seconds

The time of motion of cat B is calculated as follows;

h = vt - ¹/₂gt

23 = 7t + 4.9t²

4.9t² + 7t - 23 = 0

solve the quadratic equation using formula method;

a = 4.9, b = 7, c = -23

t = 1.57 seconds

h = u²/2g

h = (7²)/(2 x 9.8)

h = 2.5 m

v = u + gt

v = 7  + 3(9.8)

v = 36.4 m/s

v = u + gt

v = 7  + 1.57(9.8)

v = 22.39 m/s

Time difference = 3 s - 1.57 s = 1.43 seconds

Thus, the height reached by cat A is 2.5 m.

The speed of cat A before it hits the ground is 36.4 m/s.

The speed of cat B before it hits the ground is 22.39 m/s.

The time spent in air by cat A than cat B is 1.43 seconds.

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Answer:

1) Constants are variables that are kept the same throughout an experiment.

2) An independent variable is a variable that is manipulated by the experimenter.

3) A dependent variable is a variable that is measured by the experimenter.

Explanation:

The ratio of their time period is 1 : 2 : 2.

The momentum of a proton, a deuteron, and an alpha particle is the same in a uniform magnetic field.

The charge of a proton is q = e and the let m(p) be the mass of the proton.

Let m(d) = 2m(p) be the mass of the deuteron and the charge of a deuteron is q =e.

Now, an alpha particle is made up of 4 protons. Therefore the mass of an alpha particle is 4m(p) and the charge on an alpha particle is q = 2e.

The formula for the time period of a moving particle in a uniform magnetic field is given as:

[tex]T = \frac2 \pi m}{qB}[/tex] where B is the magnetic field, m is the mass and q is the charge of the particle.

So, the time period of a proton is:

[tex]T_{1} = \frac{2 \pi m(p)}{eB}[/tex]

The time period of a deuteron is:

[tex]T_{2} = \frac{2 \pi (2m(p))}{eB}[/tex]

And the time period of an alpha particle is:

[tex]T_{3} = \frac{2 \pi ( 4m(p) )}{2eB}[/tex]

Therefore, the ratio is:

[tex]T_{1}: T_{2} : T_{3} =\frac{2 \pi m(p)}{eB} : \frac{2 \pi 2m(p)}{eB} : \frac{2 \pi (4m(p))}{2eB}[/tex]

T₁ : T₂ : T₃ =  1 : 2 : 2

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The magnitude of the acceleration of the robot is 1m/s^2 .

Given ,

A toy doll and a toy robot are standing on a frictionless surface facing each other .

The mass of the doll = 0.20kg

The mass of the robot = 0.30kg

Force applied by the robot on the doll = 0.30N

We know the force and mass of the robot , so from this we can calculate the acceleration by applying Newton's laws of motion ,

Thus , F= ma

a = F/m = 0.30N / 0.30k

a = 1 m/s^2

Hence , the magnitude of the acceleration of the robot is 1m/s^2 .

Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity.

Positive acceleration it occurs when an object speeds up. Negative acceleration it occurs when an object slows down.

Acceleration is a change of velocity over a period of time, expressed by the equation,

A=Δv/t

The unit of acceleration is m/s^2.

The dimensional formula of acceleration is [M^0 L^1 T^-2] .

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Answer:

true

Explanation: