Cigarette butts have had an effect on marine keystone species like Ulva Lactuca L. and Mytilus edulis L. and also sediment microphytobenthos.
What are the effects of cigarette butts on marine ecosystems?The development of U. Lactuca was unaffected by cigarette butts, while sediment chlorophyll content was significantly lower in mesocosms exposed to 0.25 and 1 butt L-1 of cellulose acetate butts.
Despite the continual replenishing of seawater, these effects persisted, demonstrating the danger that conventional cigarettes pose to marine life.
Therefore, cigarette butts have had an effect on marine keystone affected like Ulva Lactuca L. and Mytilus edulis L. and also sediment microphytobenthos.
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transcription factor irf4 promotes cd8( ) t cell exhaustion and limits the development of memory-like t cells during chronic infection.
Chronic stimulation results in an exhausted phenotype in CD8+ T lymphocytes that is defined by the production of inhibitory receptors, down-modulation of effector function, and metabolic abnormalities. T cell fatigue restricts the removal of virus-infected or tumour cells but protects against severe immunopathology.
What is Transcription factor ?A transcription factor is a molecule that regulates a gene's function by deciding whether its DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is converted into RNA (ribonucleic acid). Using the DNA of the gene as a template, the enzyme RNA polymerase catalyses the chemical processes that result in the synthesis of RNA.
The SRY protein is another illustration of a transcription factor that participates in development. For sex differentiation to occur during human development, the SRY protein is required. The SRY protein activates genes involved in the development of the male reproductive system.Learn more about Transcription factor here:
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masso, m., accurate and efficient structure-based computational mutagenesis for modeling fluorescence levels of aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein mutants. protein eng des sel 2020, 33.
Accurate and efficient structure-based computational mutagenesis for modeling fluorescence levels of aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein mutants is a research paper by Masso M.
What is the abstract?Recently, experimental researchers determined the functional impacts (fluorescence levels) of over 46,000 single and multiple amino acid variations of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP), and to characterize these effects, computational mutagenesis was applied. For each GFP mutant, the method produced a single score that reflected the overall shift in sequence-structure compatibility in comparison to native GFP as well as a vector of environmental perturbation (EP) scores that described the effects at each GFP residue location. By contrasting the sequence-structure compatibility scores with the functional data, a significant (P 0.0001) link between GFP structure and function was shown. Then, using random forest (RF) classification and tree regression machine learning methods, generated vectors for GFP mutants were utilized to construct predictive models of fluorescence.
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ASAP. Will mark Brilliantest
Alex poured some pond water into three beakers. She then put waterweed into each beaker. She put the beakers in different places.
a.The waterweed in the box changed from dark green to pale yellow. Why did this happen?
Answer:
This happen because the box has blocked the sunlight from the waterweed and it has stopped photosynthesizing.
deep vein thrombosis in mice is regulated by platelet hmgb1 through release of neutrophil-extracellular traps and dna
Deep vein thrombosis in mice is regulated by platelet hmgb1 through release of neutrophil-extracellular traps and dna
Venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease, consistS of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. recently prophylactic measures are not sufficient to prevent all occurrence in part due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. sufficient evidence indicates interplay between activation of the innate immune system and thrombus development. Recent work has illustrated that platelet release of HMGB1 leads to increase in microvascular complications following injury. Additionally, platelet HMGB1 was found to enhance DVT and elevated the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), although the role of HMGB1 induced NET release in thrombosis remains unexplored.
Utilizing a transgenic mouse lacking HMGB1 particularly from platelets and megakaryocytes it is illustrated the specific role of platelet-derived HMGB1 in acute and subacute/chronic venous thrombosis.
HMGB1 is elevated following DVT and contributes to thrombus formation.HMGB1 release from platelets promotes acute and subacute/chronic DVT formationTo know more about Platelets visit : https://brainly.com/question/11333832
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vander’s human physiology, 15th ed. by eric widmaier, hershel raff, kevin strang publisher: mcgraw hill online pdf
Vander’s human physiology, 15th ed. by eric widmaier, hershel raff, kevin strang publisher: mcgraw hill is a textbook on human physiology easily available on amazon or flipkart. You can also try to find this book in online free libraries.
What are the contents in the book?Chapter 1 Homeostasis: A Framework for Human PhysiologyChapter 2 Chemical Composition of the BodyChapter 3 Cellular structure, proteins, and MetabolismChapter 4 Movement of Molecules Across Cell MembranesChapter 5 Control of Cells by Chemical MessengersChapter 6 Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous SystemChapter 7 Sensory PhysiologyChapter 8 Consciousness, the Brain, and BehaviorChapter 9 MuscleChapter 10 Control of Body MovementChapter 11 The Endocrine SystemChapter 12 Cardiovascular PhysiologyChapter 13 Respiratory PhysiologyChapter 14 The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic IonsChapter 15 The Digestion and Absorption of FoodChapter 16 Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy BalanceChapter 17 ReproductionChapter 18 Defense Mechanisms of the BodyChapter 19 Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical CasesTo learn more about human physiology visit:
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What is the common name of halobacterium salinarum and is it heterotrophic or autotrophic?
Answer:
Common name for halobacterium salinarum is Halobacterium cutirubrum or Halobacterium halobium
halobacterium salinarum is heterotrophic
Explanation:
Halophilic Archaea, which are generally heterotrophic and aerobic, likely evolved from an autotrophic, anaerobic methanogenic ancestor by acquiring many genes from Bacteria via lateral gene transfer.
Halobacterium salinarum, formerly known as Halobacterium cutirubrum or Halobacterium halobium, is an extremely halophilic marine obligate aerobic archaeon. Despite its name, this is not a bacterium, but a member of the domain Archaea. It is found in salted fish, hides, hypersaline lakes, and salterns.
A group of students observed a line of ants traveling along
a single path within an enclosure. When the students
moved a single ant to a new area, the ant moved at
random.
Which claim is supported by the students' observations?
O A. Ants are more likely to move randomly in a group than on their
own.
B. There is a pattern in one ant's movement, but it is not relevant to
other ants.
C. There is no pattern in ants' movements, which appear to always be
random.
D. There is a pattern in the movements of ants in a group that is likely
caused by another factor.
The claim which is supported by the students' observations: (D) There is a pattern in the movements of ants in a group that is likely caused by another factor.
Ants travel in a straight line or path within an enclosed area. However, a single ant when moved out from this path to a new area moves randomly. The observations suggests that ants follow a pattern or trail while they move together in a group which can be the result of another factor.
The factor responsible for the movement of ants in a group can be associated with the chemical trail in the form of pheromones. Ants leave behind pheromones when they travel in a group so that they can pick up the scent of the leader ant and follow the same path.
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Answer:
it's the D)
Explanation:
wha are macro and micronutrients ?
Answer:
macronutrients are the nutrients that the body requires in large amounts, while micronutrients are those required in smaller amounts. To break this down even further, macronutrients make up your total caloric intake, and include carbohydrates, proteins and fats
Explanation:
Macronutrients are the nutrients we need in larger quantities that provide us with energy: in other words, fat, protein and carbohydrate. Micronutrients are mostly vitamins and minerals, and are equally important but consumed in very small amounts. We generally get our micronutrients along with macronutrients.
Anything detected with the five
senses is considered an ______.
Anything detected with the five senses is considered an observation.
The five senses of the humans are: touch, sight, smell, hearing and taste. The touch can be felt through the skin. The smell is received by the nose. The hearing is performed by the ears. The sight us due to the eyes. And the taste is due to the taste buds in the tongue inside the mouth.
Observation is the phenomenon of acquiring information about something. This information can be acquired in the form of smell, taste, sight, etc. The observation can be stored in the brain in the form of memory.
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in the chapter, "the awakening," what is the one thing that elana’s father says that a maturing species must have?
In the chapter, "the awakening," the one thing that Elana’s father says that a maturing species must have IS Independence.
The Awakening examines a woman's quest to discover and embrace her authentic self. Her dedication to that goal strains her relationships with her family and friends and clashes with the cultural norms of the time. The plot of Edna Pontellier's novel is set in upper-class Creole society in Louisiana in the 1890s.
The concept of self-ownership is the main point of Kate Chopin's poem The Awakening. The book was created at a time when women were mostly seen as property, first the property of their fathers and then their husbands. Edna Pontellier discovers self-ownership in The Awakening through her sexual awakening.
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each of the following is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve that supplies the temporomandibular joint except one
Nasopalatine Nerve
The trigeminal nerve's maxillary branch includes the nasopalatine nerve as a subdivision. The trigeminal nerve is a sensory nerve, and so is the nasopalatine nerve. The pterygopalatine ganglion is where it enters the sphenopalatine foramen after coursing into the nasal cavity. It travels beneath the ostium of the sphenoid sinus to the septum, where it lies between the periosteum and the mucous membrane and gives the septum feeling. The nasopalatine canal, which connects the nasal and oral chambers, is where it travels from here before proceeding inferiorly to breach the hard palate anteriorly. This canal also contains the palatine glands, a little amount of fat, and the terminal branch of the nasopalatine artery.
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explain how membrane receptors transmit massages across the cell membrane
Answer: The receptor opens up and allows certain ions in through it's receptor channel into the cell (sodium, potassium, etc.)
Can produce similarities in body form when similar environments and natural selection have favored similar adaptations.
The correct answer is Convergent evolution.
When similar environments and natural selection have favored similar adaptations, convergent evolution can result in similarities in physical form.Similarities at the molecular level are proof that life has a common ancestor. Comparing DNA sequences can reveal the relationships between various species.Biogeography, the study of how organisms are distributed geographically, sheds light on when and how possible species may have evolved.The similarities between shark and dolphin bodies, vertebrate and cephalopod eyes, and bat and insect wings are all examples of convergent evolution. Convergent evolution produces similar structures, but not analogous ones.Divergent evolution involves species with a common ancestor that change to become progressively dissimilar through time as opposed to convergent evolution, which involves unrelated species that gradually acquire similar traits.Researchers can now compare their DNA. The greatest proof of evolution from a common ancestor is similar DNA sequences.Learn more about convergent evolution here:
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a property that is common to all microbial cells is . evolution communication between cells differentiation genetic exchange between cells motility
A property that is common to all microbial cells is evolution
What is Evolution ?In other words, descent with modification, evolution can be defined as any net directional change or cumulative change in the traits of organisms or populations over many generations. It specifically takes both the beginning and the spread of alleles, variations, trait values, or character states into account.
Because it explains how life developed on Earth and how the many species are related, evolution is crucial. The linkages in evolution contribute to the understanding of many biological issues, including the diversity of life.It's general knowledge that Charles Darwin is credited with "discovering" evolution. However, the historical record reveals that between 1748 and 1859, the year when Darwin published On the Origin of Species, around 70 distinct authors wrote works on the subject of evolution.Learn more about Evolution here:
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19. An example of a population is
A.
all trees in a forest
B. all maple trees in a forest
C. all plants in a forest
D. all animals in a forest
Answer:
B. all maple trees in a forest
Explanation:
Natural selection can affect gene frequencies by introducing new alleles to a population. True or false?.
The statement 'Natural selection can affect gene frequencies by introducing new alleles to a population' is False about this process.
What is Natural selection?Natural selection is an evolutionary process associated with differential survival and reproduction of the more adapted organism, which depends on alleles and genotypes that carry such individuals.
In conclusion, the statement 'Natural selection can affect gene frequencies by introducing new alleles to a population' is False about this process.
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kirtland’s warbler is a rare bird that breeds in a small area of michigan and lives in jack pine forests of more than 80 acres in size. it nests on the ground under jack pine trees that are about five feet tall, or between five and eight years old. this is a description of one aspect of the kirtland’s warbler’s ? group of answer choices functional role. diversity. niche. lifestyle.
Kirtland's warbler that nests on the ground under jack pine trees that are about five feet tall, or between five and eight years old describes about the aspect niche.
Kirtland's warbler are grayish-yellow song-birds. The local name of the bird is jack pine bird. These birds are critically endangered as their requirements for the habitats are quite selective. They are known to lay eggs on the nest of other birds.
Niche is the functional area of an organism. Taking the example of the warblers they live in the jack pine forest but their functional area is only the ground under the jack pine trees. They can neither reside on the tree nor on the top of the tree. therefore, the ground is their niche.
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A student adds 10 drops of a copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide solution to a test tube containing chicken broth. The solution undergoes a color change from blue to purple.
The presence of which organic molecule is indicated by the color change of the solution?
glycogen
protein
nucleosome
fatty acids and glycerol
The molecule whose presence is indicated is protein.
What is the food test?The food test refers to the chemical methods that we could use to obtain the kind of food substance that we have in a sample. Let us recall that food is a chemical substance hence it is capable of chemical interaction with other chemicals.
One of the kind of food tests is the tests for proteins in which copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide solution is used. In this test, the color of the solution turns from blue to purple.
Hence the molecule whose presence is indicated is protein.
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a large population of mice (2000 individuals) lived in an area in the desert dominated by small shrubs. when the population size got too high, a small group of 6 individuals left and colonized an area adjacent to the original population's home, but the adjacent area was primarily dominated by trees instead of shrubs. there is no gene flow between the dispersers and the original population. a researcher sequenced the genomes of representative individuals from both populations and found substantial genetic differences between them. which of the statements would most account for the amount of genetic differences observed?
The small population will have undergone more evolution than the vast population since the first dispersal event.
What is meant by genetic difference?
Individuals within a population can be distinguished by genetic differences.
It's possible for a newborn's germ line to have distinct genetic modifications "de novo" (e.g., as a result of mutation in sperm or egg).
various genetic variations
Indels, Copy Number Variations, Translocations and Inversions, Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms/Single-nucleotide Variations (SNP/SNVs), and Single-nucleotide Variations (SNP/SNVs).
What types of genetic differences are there?Genes take on various shapes, or alleles, as a result of genetic variation.
People with blue eyes, for instance, have one allele of the eye color gene, whereas those with brown eyes will have a different allele of the gene.
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all other factors (concentration, solute size, etc.) being equal, which type of solute does a cell tend to pull inside?
Answer: Positively-charged solutes
Explanation:
The excess of negative charge on the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane tends to pull positively charged solutes into the cell. Specifically, a variety of negatively charged inorganic and organic ions (anions), including nucleic acids, proteins, and many cell metabolites, maintain this relatively constant "positive pull" at the surface of the cell.
3. Which phase of the cell cycle is the period of growth and development?
Answer:
interphase
Explanation:
A cell spends most of its time in what is called interphase, and during this time it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division.
Which experiment would most likely contain experimental bias?
A.
A chemistry class performs an experiment in which each reaction has the same amount of starting material and begins at the same temperature.
B.
A company that makes pain relief medication tests the effectiveness of their own medicine compared to that of three other brands.
C.
A student tests the attraction of bees to flowers by placing four different flowers in the same location and counting how many bees visit each.
D.
A lab performs a test by giving bacterial colonies the same amount of different antibiotics and growing them under the same conditions.
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
The company wants people to buy the product, so they would avoid any negative result that may come from the experiment.
The three major subdivisions of extracellular fluid found in the body are plasma, interstitial fluid, and.
Answer: lymph
Explanation: right in mastering
The three major subdivisions of extracellular fluid found in the body are plasma, interstitial fluid and lymph.
Extracellular fluid comprises of all body fluids found outside the cells in the body, which makes up about one-third of all body fluids. Extracellular fluid is subdivided into interstitial fluid, blood plasma and lymph. The lymph and blood plasma act as transport systems, while the interstitial fluid bathes all the cells and provides water and electrolytes for exchange.
Interstitial fluid: The interstitial fluid can be found between cells and blood capillaries, enabling exchange of materials like glucose, oxygen and other nutrients through diffusion. It also holds waste materials from cell metabolism like carbon dioxide. Plasma: It is the extracellular fluid found in the blood vessels and is similar in composition to the interstitial fluidLymph: It is the fluid that flows through the lymphatic system. Lymph is involved in the breakdown and digestion of fats from the digestive system. It also defends the body against foreign pathogens using special cells called lymphocytes.Learn more about extracellular fluid here:
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Explain the role of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins in the cell membrane.
Ready? Enter your answer here.
III
The role of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in the cell membrane will be structural, cell communication and protection.
What will be the role of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in the cell membrane?The cell membrane is composed of different components, among them are carbohydrates, proteins and lipids that allow its complete formation and that give different properties to the membrane. The membrane is mainly composed of a lipid bilayer that gives it the shape it has, having its hydrophobic heads outwards and its hydrophilic legs inwards of the bilayer, causing the membrane to discriminate certain types of elements due to their hydrophilic nature or their electrical charge.
It will also be composed of proteoglycans, generating a layer called glycocalyx that will give a protective layer to the cell membrane towards the outside, protecting it from substances that can destroy or damage it. Also in the membrane itself there will be protein channels that allow the passage of molecules that cannot pass through the membrane by simple diffusion.
Therefore, we can confirm that the role of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in the cell membrane will be structural, cell communication and protection.
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a cell has 6 pairs of homologous chromosomes. following mitosis and cytokinesis how many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain? chegg
if the cell has 6 pairs of homologous chromosomes. following the mitosis and cytokinesis the result are Each daughter cell will have the half of the original 46 chromosomes, or the 23 chromosomes. Each chromosome has consists of 2 sister chromatids.
The Homologous Chromosomes are made of the chromosomal pairs of the same length and the centromere positions for the genes which corresponding to the same loci. Typically one of the most chromosomes is inherited by from the father and to the other from the mother. Diploid organisms, like the humans, that carry two copies of the genome in each of one of their cells. Having two copies of the each chromosome, called as homologous chromosomes, which helps increase the both the variety and the stability of a species
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sort each process into the appropriate bin according to whether it contributes to heredity only, genetic variation only, or both. (note that a bin may be left empty.)
DNA replication, anaphase I, II, and metaphase II are heritable exclusively.
solely including genomic variation: crossing over, metaphase 1 and
fertilizations
Hereditary only: Only enough DNA is duplicated to supply the daughter cells.
Chromosomes in anaphase I and II are migrating to daughter cells to be passed on.
Chromosomes in metaphase II were randomly arranged in metaphase I and will only align to travel to each daughter cell.
Only genetic variation: as chromosomes cross over, they exchange information, which explains DNA variety.
Random chromosomal distribution during metaphase I will also produce variability.
Both: the newly created zygote has unique information from both parents during fertilisation (genetic variation), and this information is transmitted down to the following generation.
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An atom of a certain element has 36 proton,36 electrons and a mass number of 84.at room temperature this element is a very stable gas.how many neutrons are in this atom
Answer:
b^2+c^2+a^2 pretty easy
examine the following genetic sequences and determine which pair are the most similar based on their ed (evolutionary distances).
Most similar are:
Species 1 = ATTGGCCATT
Species 3 = TTTGGCCATT
Genetic sequence alignment is dependent on estimations of the evolutionary distance between the sequences and their most recent common ancestor. Unfortunately, it is well known that the assessment of evolutionary distance is very prone to mistake for short sequences, which are the topic of many alignments in practice. It is difficult to enhance current estimators without further knowledge about the sequences. Using an interval rather than a single estimate, this work shows how imprecise probability theory enables us to significantly weaken assumptions about the evolutionary distance. Through a generalization of the well-known Needleman- Wunsch technique, it is demonstrated how under these weaker assumptions a suitable alignment may still be established.
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Which component is affected when a catalyst is added to a chemical reaction?
Answer:
The correct answer would be activation energy.
Explanation:
pls mark brainliest
hope this helps
determine if the following heart structure carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood and drag them to the corresponding boxes
Oxygenated blood flows through the following blood vessels:
aortapulmonary veinleft ventricleDeoxygenated blood flows through the following blood vessels:
pulmonary trunkpulmonary arteryright atriumWhich blood vessels carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?Oxygenated blood is blood which has a high concentration which is coming from the lungs.
Oxygenated blood flows through the following blood vessels:
aortapulmonary veinleft ventricleDeoxygenated blood is blood which comes from the body going towards the lungs.
Deoxygenated blood flows through the following blood vessels:
pulmonary trunkpulmonary arteryright atriumIn conclusion, the blood vessels are responsible for transporting blood trough the body.
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