Accounting information systems have five basic elements. Within the context of the human resource process, "inputs" include c. Both job applications and payroll-related data.
Within the context of the human resource process, inputs refer to the data or information that is entered into the accounting information system. Job applications and payroll-related data are both essential inputs in the human resource process.
Job applications provide information about potential employees, including their qualifications, work experience, and personal details. This information is necessary for the human resource department to evaluate candidates and make informed hiring decisions.
Payroll-related data includes information about employees' wages, salaries, hours worked, benefits, and deductions. This data is crucial for processing payroll and ensuring accurate and timely compensation for employees.
Both job applications and payroll-related data play a significant role in the human resource process and are important inputs that contribute to the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the accounting information system within an organization.
So, within the context of the human resource process, "inputs" include c. Both job applications and payroll-related data.
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As a hospital administrator of a large hospital, you are concerned with the absenteeism among nurses' aides. The issue has been raised by registered nurses, who feel they often have to perform work normally done by their aides. To get the facts, absenteeism data were gathered for the last three weeks, which is considered a representative period for future conditions. After taking random samples of 64 personnel files each day, the following data were produced: Because your assessment of absenteeism is likely to come under careful scrutiny, you would like a type I error of only 1 percent. You want to be sure to identify any instances of unusual absences. If some are present, you will have to explore them on behalf of the registered nurses. a. Design a p-chart. The upper control limit is and the lower control limit is (Enter your responses rounded to three decimal places. If your answer for the lower control limit is negative, enter this value as 0 .)
P-chart is a statistical chart used in quality control for attributes data to determine if a particular sample of data is within the control limits of a process. It is used to identify unusual absences and monitor the process by determining whether the process is within or out of control.
It helps in identifying the variation of a process that might lead to defects. P-chart is created by determining the proportion of nonconforming units in each sample.
Here is how to design a P-chart
Step 1: Calculation of sample size and defect rate
The first step is to calculate the sample size and defect rate. From the question, the data produced are samples of 64 personnel files each day. Hence, the sample size n = 64. To determine the defect rate (p), we add up all the absences and divide by the total number of opportunities for absence.
Step 2: Calculation of Upper and lower control limits
To calculate the upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL), we use the formula:
UCL = p + Zα/2 * √((p(1-p))/n)
LCL = p - Zα/2 * √((p(1-p))/n)
Where Zα/2 is the z-value from the standard normal distribution table for a 99% confidence level (α=0.01)
For α=0.01, Zα/2 = 2.33
Therefore,
UCL = 0.6719 + 2.33 * √((0.6719(1-0.6719))/64)
UCL = 0.7968
LCL = 0.6719 - 2.33 * √((0.6719(1-0.6719))/64)
LCL = 0.5469
Therefore, the upper control limit is 0.797 and the lower control limit is 0.547.
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0 million KOO and Hugo's canned products to be recalled Tiger Brands, South Africa's biggest food manufacturer, announced on Monday, the 26 of July 2021 that it is immediately recalling about 20 million KOO and Hugo's canned vegetable products over safety concerns due to potentially defective cans. This amounts to a recall of 9% of annual production and the final impact is estimated to amount to up to R650 million. Tiger Brand's share price initially dropped 6.40% after the announcement on Monday morning. The issue with the cans, which is a deficient side seam weld that could cause the cans to leak, was initially discovered in May this year with 18 cans at one of Tiger Brand's facilities. The cans came from a supplier. While that batch and several others weren't released for trade, a probe determined that some cans from a defective batch did. It did a test and out of 287,040 cans inspected after a transport and handling test, a side seam leak had developed in two cans. This prompted the recall. "A leak in a can presents a risk of secondary microbial contamination after the canned products are dispatched into the marketplace. Where such contamination occurs, it will present a low probability of illness and injury if the contaminated product is consumed," Tiger Brands said in an announcement. "Tiger Brands considers it appropriate that it institutes an immediate recall of all products that could potentially be affected. This involves the withdrawal of specific canned vegetable products manufactured under the KOO and Hugo’s brands between 1 May 2019 and 5 May 2021(both dates inclusive), amounting to approximately 20 million cans, which is [approximately] 9% of annual production. "The financial impact of the recall, including the cost of the potentially affected stock that may be written off, transport and storage costs, as well as the loss of margin on the returned stock, is estimated at between R500 million and R650 million." KOO canned fruit and KOO canned pilchards are not affected. Affected canned vegetable products can be returned to any supermarket or wholesale outlet for a refund. Tiger Brands said it has product recall insurance. "The company’s claim under the contract with the third-party supplier is yet to be assessed."
question 5
Based on the above article, fully discuss the principles for integrated Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) using relevant examples from Tiger Brands.Based on the above article, fully discuss the principles for integrated Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) using relevant examples from Tiger Brands.
Integrated Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) principles include mitigating, identifying, and responding to risks. According to the article, Tiger Brands, South Africa's largest food producer, has recalled 20 million .
This indicates that there were supply chain risks involved in the manufacture of the cans.The following are principles for Integrated Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) using relevant examples from Tiger Brands:Mitigation of risks: Mitigating risk is one of the most important principles of SCRM. This is done by anticipating, recognizing, and minimizing the negative consequences of a potential event.
After discovering that some cans from the faulty batch had been released for sale, Tiger Brands immediately initiated a recall of all cans that may be potentially affected. This was done in order to reduce the risk of secondary microbial contamination in the marketplace. The company stated that affected canned vegetable products could be returned to any supermarket or wholesale outlet for a refund. Additionally, they had product recall insurance. As a result, they could be able to recoup some of the costs incurred.
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Three aspects that influence the design of an accounting
information system are: _______, _______, ________.
The three aspects that influence the design of an accounting information system are the volume of data, the nature of the organization, and the complexity of the data processing requirements.
The volume of data: The volume of data in an accounting system has a significant impact on its design. As the volume of data increases, the system must be able to handle the data efficiently and effectively. Nature of the organization: The nature of the organization has a significant impact on the design of the accounting system.
The accounting system must be customized to meet the specific needs of the organization, including its size, structure, and operations. The complexity of data processing requirements: The complexity of data processing requirements is another factor that influences the design of an accounting system.
As the complexity of data processing requirements increases, the system must be able to handle more complex data processing tasks, such as data mining, forecasting, and analysis, among others.
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Your insurance company charges a premium of $2000 every quarter
starting from beginning of a year. You started your insurance on
1st of February. How much would be your premium for the first
quarter?
The premium for the first quarter of insurance, starting from February, would be $2000. This is calculated by prorating the quarterly premium over the three months of the first quarter.
To determine the premium for the first quarter, we need to consider the number of months that the insurance will be active in the first quarter.
Given that the insurance started on the 1st of February, the first quarter would include February, March, and April. This means the insurance will be active for three months during the first quarter.
Since the premium is $2000 per quarter, we can calculate the premium for the first quarter by prorating it based on the number of months.
Premium for the first quarter = ($2000 / 3 months) * 3 months = $2000
Therefore, the premium for the first quarter would be $2000.
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Your university puts together a team including faculty, admissions staff, development personnel, financial aid and others to collectively sell the university. In a business, this team might be called a A) Matrix organization B) Prospecting analysis committee C) Solutions D) Student assessment team E) Risk analysis organization
A) Matrix organization. In a business, this team might be called a Matrix organization.
A matrix organization is a type of organizational structure that brings together individuals from different departments or functional areas to work on specific projects or tasks.
This structure encourages cross-functional collaboration and communication, allowing team members to leverage their expertise and knowledge to achieve common goals.
In the given scenario, the university's team consisting of faculty, admissions staff, development personnel, financial aid, and others collectively selling the university aligns with the characteristics of a matrix organization.
Each team member brings their unique skills and perspectives to promote the university and attract prospective students.
Start by introducing the concept of a matrix organization, which is a type of organizational structure that brings together individuals from different departments or functional areas to work on specific projects or tasks.
Mention that a matrix organization encourages cross-functional collaboration and communication, allowing team members to leverage their expertise and knowledge to achieve common goals.
Explain that in the given scenario, the university has formed a team consisting of faculty, admissions staff, development personnel, financial aid, and others to collectively sell the university.
Emphasize that this team aligns with the characteristics of a matrix organization, as each team member contributes their unique skills and perspectives to promote the university and attract prospective students.
Conclude by reiterating that the university's team can be considered a matrix organization because it brings together individuals from various departments to collectively sell the university.
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1. Find the value, in 12 years' time, of €3400 invested at 4% interest compounded annually. ( 2 marks) 2. A bank offers a return of 5% interest compounded annually. Find the future value of a principal of €4800 after 7 years. What is the overall percentage rise over this period? ( 2 marks)
1. To find the value in 12 years' time of €3400 invested at 4% interest compounded annually, you can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
where:
A = the future value of the investment
P = the principal amount (€3400 in this case)
r = the annual interest rate (4% in this case)
n = the number of times that interest is compounded per year (1 for annually)
t = the number of years (12 in this case)
Plugging in the values, we have:
A = €3400(1 + 0.04/1)^(1*12)
Calculating this, the future value of the investment after 12 years would be approximately €5467.28.
2. For the second question, to find the future value of a principal of €4800 after 7 years at 5% interest compounded annually, we can again use the compound interest formula:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
where:
A = the future value of the investment
P = the principal amount (€4800 in this case)
r = the annual interest rate (5% in this case)
n = the number of times that interest is compounded per year (1 for annually)
t = the number of years (7 in this case)
Plugging in the values, we have:
A = €4800(1 + 0.05/1)^(1*7)
Calculating this, the future value of the investment after 7 years would be approximately €6671.78.
To find the overall percentage rise over this period, we can calculate the percentage increase from the original principal amount to the future value:
Percentage increase = [(Future value - Principal amount) / Principal amount] * 100
Percentage increase = [(€6671.78 - €4800) / €4800] * 100
Calculating this, the overall percentage rise over the 7-year period would be approximately 38.91%.
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Renter Expenses
What expenses do you need to budget for if you choose to rent a home? Check all that apply.
a mortgage payment
a rent payment
homeowners insurance
renters insurance
property taxes
a security deposit
utility payments
When choosing to rent a home, the following expenses should be considered and budgeted for:
Rent payment: The primary expense when renting a home is the monthly rent payment, which is typically paid to the landlord or property management company.Renters insurance: Renters insurance is a type of insurance that provides coverage for personal belongings and liability protection in case of accidents or damages within the rented property. It is generally recommended for tenants to protect their belongings.Security deposit: Most landlords require tenants to pay a security deposit upfront, which serves as a form of protection for the landlord against any potential damages or unpaid rent. The security deposit is usually refundable at the end of the tenancy, provided there are no damages beyond normal wear and tear.Utility payments: As a renter, you will likely be responsible for paying utilities such as electricity, water, gas, and possibly other services like internet and cable. These costs can vary depending on the size of the property and your usage.Homeowners insurance: Homeowners insurance is not an expense for renters. It is typically of the property owner to have insurance coverage for the property itself, including the structure and any liabilities associated with it.In summary, when renting a home, you need to budget for rent payment, renters insurance, security deposit, and utility payments. Homeowners insurance and property taxes are not expenses that renters typically have to pay.
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Answer:
b, d, f, g
Explanation:
Which of the following describes a process risk point? I. What a material misstatement in the entity's process could be. II. Why a material misstatement in the entity's process could occur. III. Where in the entity's process a material misstatement could occur. IV. How in the entity's process a material misstatement could occur. I and II I and IV II and III III and IV
A process risk point refers to a specific aspect or stage in an entity's process where there is a potential for a material misstatement to occur. It is important for organizations to identify and understand these risk points in order to implement effective controls and mitigate the risk of financial errors or fraud. The options given are:
I. What a material misstatement in the entity's process could be.
II. Why a material misstatement in the entity's process could occur.
III. Where in the entity's process a material misstatement could occur.
IV. How in the entity's process a material misstatement could occur.
The correct answer is III and IV.
III. Where in the entity's process a material misstatement could occur:
This option accurately describes a process risk point. It involves identifying the specific areas or stages within an entity's process where the occurrence of a material misstatement is likely. These risk points could include critical control points, complex calculations, manual data entry, or areas susceptible to human error or manipulation. By identifying the specific locations or steps where misstatements could occur, organizations can implement targeted controls and monitoring procedures to reduce the risk.
IV. How in the entity's process a material misstatement could occur:
This option also describes a process risk point. It focuses on understanding the mechanisms or causes that could lead to a material misstatement within the entity's process. This could involve examining the internal controls, system weaknesses, lack of segregation of duties, or inadequate training that could enable errors or fraud to occur. By analyzing how misstatements could happen, organizations can develop strategies to strengthen their controls, enhance system reliability, and provide appropriate training and supervision to mitigate the risk.
While options I and II are relevant in assessing the nature and reasons for material misstatements, they do not specifically address the identification of risk points within the entity's process. Therefore, the correct answer is III and IV.
A process risk point refers to the specific location or mechanism within an entity's process where there is a potential for a material misstatement to occur. Understanding where and how these misstatements can happen is crucial for implementing effective controls and mitigating risk in financial reporting. By focusing on these process risk points, organizations can enhance their overall control environment and improve the reliability and accuracy of their financial information.
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All the following ten companies are currently listed on the Australian Stock Exchange.
You are asked to prepare a report that is no longer than 4 pages, which is easier said than done. There is way too much information out there,
but you are required to keep it really concise. No client wants to read lengthy reports.
Concise report providing overviews of ten companies listed on the Australian Stock Exchange, including brief descriptions, industry sectors, recent performance highlights, and notable developments, within a maximum of four pages.
Title: Concise Report on Ten Companies Listed on the Australian Stock Exchange
Introduction:
This report provides a concise overview of ten companies currently listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. The aim is to present key information in a clear and concise manner, keeping the report within a maximum of four pages.
Company Summaries:
1. [Company 1]: Brief description, industry sector, recent performance highlights, and notable developments.
2. [Company 2]: Brief description, industry sector, recent performance highlights, and notable developments.
3. [Company 3]: Brief description, industry sector, recent performance highlights, and notable developments.
4. [Company 4]: Brief description, industry sector, recent performance highlights, and notable developments.
5. [Company 5]: Brief description, industry sector, recent performance highlights, and notable developments.
6. [Company 6]: Brief description, industry sector, recent performance highlights, and notable developments.
7. [Company 7]: Brief description, industry sector, recent performance highlights, and notable developments.
8. [Company 8]: Brief description, industry sector, recent performance highlights, and notable developments.
9. [Company 9]: Brief description, industry sector, recent performance highlights, and notable developments.
10. [Company 10]: Brief description, industry sector, recent performance highlights, and notable developments.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, this concise report provides a snapshot of ten companies listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. The summaries highlight key information regarding their industry sectors, recent performance, and notable developments. This report aims to deliver the necessary information in a concise format, allowing clients to quickly grasp the key insights.
Note: Detailed financial analysis, forecasts, or extensive company background information have been omitted to maintain the report's brevity and focus on key highlights.
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Please answer these questions in complete sentences and bring a copy with you to class to refer to during discussion: Discussion Questions 1. Despite having relatively little speciffe information about why the system failed, what do you think are the main reawns for such failure? 2. How could you fix these problems? 3. Reflecting on this experience, what do you think were the main mistakes, if any, that Blake made in handling the engagement?
Discussion Question 1:
Despite having relatively little specific information about why the system failed, some of the main reasons why the system failed include lack of communication and planning. The executive team failed to communicate properly with the technical team.
Moreover, the technical team did not have a clear understanding of the system's requirements, which was evident in the faulty system. The system was also rushed to completion without proper testing. The result was that many problems arose, and users were unable to navigate the system properly.
Discussion Question 2:
To fix the problems that arose, there are several steps that can be taken. The first step would be to improve communication channels between the executive team and the technical team. This will ensure that the technical team understands the system's requirements, and the executive team is kept up-to-date with the progress of the system. Second, the system should be thoroughly tested before it goes live. This will ensure that any bugs or glitches are detected and resolved before users start to use the system. Finally, a post-implementation review should be conducted to ensure that the system is meeting its intended purpose and that any further issues are addressed.
Discussion Question 3:
Reflecting on this experience, Blake made several mistakes in handling the engagement. Firstly, he failed to communicate the system's requirements effectively with the technical team. This resulted in a faulty system, which was unusable. Secondly, he rushed the system's development without proper testing, which led to the emergence of numerous problems.
Finally, he failed to conduct a post-implementation review, which would have allowed him to address any issues that emerged. Overall, Blake's management approach was inadequate, and he did not adequately consider the importance of proper communication, planning, and testing.
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How would you use the option pricing framework to model the
possible loss of market share? What parameter in the option model
gives you the ability to represent loss of market share?
The option pricing framework can be used to model the possible loss of market share. The parameter in the option model that gives the ability to represent loss of market share is "volatility."
The option pricing framework can be used to model the possible loss of market share by pricing an option on the firm’s equity. The option pricing model makes use of the parameters, such as the strike price, time to maturity, volatility, and the risk-free interest rate, to compute the price of the option.
The parameter in the option model that gives the ability to represent loss of market share is "volatility." Volatility is used to measure the uncertainty of future price movements. Higher volatility would suggest a greater potential loss of market share for the firm. Thus, by increasing the volatility input in the option pricing model, one can estimate the potential loss of market share and the corresponding impact on the price of the firm's equity.
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Snappy Lube is a quick-change oil center with a single service bay. On average, Snappy Lube can change a car's oil in 10 minutes. Cars arrive, on average, every 15 minutes. Assume Poisson arrivals and Exponential service times. The average number of cars waiting is 2 cars The average number of cars in the system is 2 cars. The average time spent waiting is 20 minutes The average time spent in the system is 30 minutes. Answer all questions to 2 decimal places. Only enter numerical values.
Given information: The arrival rate (λ) = 1/15 = 0.067 cars per minute
The service rate (μ) = 1/10 = 0.1 cars per minute
Average number of cars waiting (Lq) = 2
Average number of cars in the system (L) = 2Average time spent waiting (Wq) = 20 minutes
Average time spent in the system (W) = 30 minutes
Using the formula for the average number of cars in the system, we have:L = λWSince[tex]L = 2, λ = 0.067[/tex], we can solve for W as:W [tex]= L/λW = 2/0.067W ≈ 29.85[/tex] minutes
Using the formula for the average number of cars waiting, we have:Lq = λ²Wq / μ(μ-λ)
Since Lq = 2, λ = 0.067, μ = 0.1, we can solve for Wq as:Wq =[tex]Lq(μ-λ) / λ²Wq = 2(0.1-0.067) / 0.067²Wq ≈ 19.54[/tex] minutesTherefore, the average number of cars waiting is 2 cars, and the average time spent waiting is 19.54 minutes.
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Explain briefly but succinctly in your own words the concept of how and why a so called "AB" type of "tax" will (or living trust) operates –and then consider portability – and present a brief discussion whether portability or the unified credit effectively negates (for many folks) the need for the AB tax will/trust in estate planning, and why or why not? Not to be forgotten, BRIEFLY explain what an ABC tax will/trust is, as well, and why they were/are useful.
A so-called "AB" tax will, living trust operates by taking advantage of the estate tax exemption amounts available to married couples to reduce or eliminate estate taxes.
It is designed to minimize estate taxes by taking advantage of the estate tax exemption amounts available to married couples. When a person dies, the AB Trust divides into two parts: the A Trust and the B Trust, which are used to provide financial security to the surviving spouse. The A Trust is the part of the trust that holds the deceased spouse's assets that equal the current estate tax exemption amount. The B Trust, on the other hand, is used to provide income and principal to the surviving spouse.
The AB Trust can be useful in estate planning to reduce or eliminate estate taxes. However, portability and the unified credit may effectively negate the need for the AB tax will/trust for many individuals. Portability allows the unused estate tax exemption of the first spouse to die to be transferred to the surviving spouse. The unified credit allows each individual to use their own estate tax exemption. An ABC tax will, living trust is another estate planning tool used to reduce or eliminate estate taxes. It operates in a similar way to the AB Trust but adds an additional C Trust to provide financial support to the children of the deceased. It is useful for individuals who want to leave assets to their children but also want to minimize estate taxes.
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Charles Lackey operatos a bakory in Idaho Fals, Idaho. Becauso of its excellont prodoct and excellent locatich, demand has increasod by 55% in the last year. On far too mary occations, customers have not been able to purchase the bread of their choice. Because of the size of the store, no new ovens can bo added. At a staff meeting, one employee suggested ways to load the cvens ditforonty wo that more loaves of bead can be baked at one time. This new process wit require that the ovens be lobded by hand, requiring additional manpower. This is the only production change that wil be mace in order bo meet the increased demind. The bakery currensy makes 1,800 loaves per month, Employees are paid $8 per hour, in addition to the labor cost, Charles atso has a constant utily cost per month of $700 and a per loat ingredient cost of $0.35. Current multafactor productivity for 640 work hours per month = loavesidolar (round your response to three docimal places). Ater increasing the number of work hours to 992 per month, the multactor productivity = loavesidolar (rownd your rosponse to three decimal places).
The new multifactor productivity is 0.194 loaves/dollar
To calculate the current multifactor productivity, we need to divide the total output (1,800 loaves) by the total input cost. The total input cost can be calculated by adding the labor cost, utility cost, and ingredient cost.
Given that the bakery currently produces 1,800 loaves per month and has a labor cost of $8 per hour, we can calculate the current labor cost by multiplying the labor cost per hour by the number of work hours per month (640 hours): $8 * 640 = $5,120.
The total input cost is then calculated by adding the labor cost, utility cost, and ingredient cost: $5,120 + $700 + (1,800 * $0.35) = $5,120 + $700 + $630 = $6,450.
Therefore, the current multifactor productivity is calculated as: 1,800 / $6,450 = 0.279 loaves/dollar (rounded to three decimal places).
After increasing the number of work hours to 992 per month, we can calculate the new labor cost: $8 * 992 = $7,936.
The new total input cost is then calculated by adding the new labor cost, utility cost, and ingredient cost: $7,936 + $700 + (1,800 * $0.35) = $7,936 + $700 + $630 = $9,266.
Therefore, the new multifactor productivity is calculated as: 1,800 / $9,266 = 0.194 loaves/dollar (rounded to three decimal places).
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On September 17, 2021, Ziltech, Inc., entered into an agreement to sell one of its divisions that qualifies as a component of the entity according to generally accepted accounting principles. By December 31, 2021, the company's fiscal year-end, the division had not yet been sold, but was considered held for sale. The net fair value (fair value minus costs to sell) o the division's assets at the end of the year was $18 million. The pretax income from operations of the division during 2021 was $3 million. Pretax income from continuing operations for the year totaled $21 million. The income tax rate is 25%. Ziltech reported net income for the year of $8.1 million. Required: Determine the book value of the division's assets on December 31, 2021. (Enter your answer in whole dollars not in millions.)
On December 31, 2021, the book value of Ziltech's division's assets was $ 15,000,000. To determine the book value of the division's assets on December 31, 2021, we need to follow the below given steps.
Step 1: Calculate the pretax loss on the sale of the division's assetsThe pretax loss is calculated as: $3 million - ($18 million - $0) = -$15 millionTherefore, the pretax loss on the sale of the division's assets is $15 million.Step 2: Calculate the income tax benefit on the pretax lossThe income tax benefit on the pretax loss is calculated as: $15 million × 25% = $3.75 millionTherefore, the income tax benefit on the pretax loss is $3.75 million.Step 3: Calculate the net income from operations of the division during 2021.
Therefore, the total net income for the year is -$7.65 million.Step 5: Calculate the net income from continuing operations for the year.Net income from continuing operations for the year is calculated as: -$7.65 million + $15 million = $7.35 millionTherefore, the net income from continuing operations for the year is $7.35 million.Step 6: Calculate the book value of the division's assets on December 31, 2021.The book value of the division's assets on December 31, 2021 is calculated as: Total assets of the division - accumulated depreciation = $18 million - $3 million = $15 millionTherefore, the book value of the division's assets on December 31, 2021 is $15,000,000. Answer: $15,000,000
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Rodeo, Inc. has a contribution margin ratio of 45%. This month, profit was $40,000 and fixed costs were $50,000. How much was Laredo's sales revenue? O $40,500 O $90,000 O $111.111 O $200,000
The sales revenue for Laredo, Inc. would be $90,000. Therefore, the correct answer is B - $90,000.
To determine the sales revenue of Laredo, Inc., we can use the contribution margin ratio formula:
Contribution Margin Ratio = (Sales Revenue - Variable Costs) / Sales Revenue
Given that the contribution margin ratio is 45%, we can express it as 0.45.
We know that profit is calculated as the difference between sales revenue and total costs:
Profit = Sales Revenue - Total Costs
Substituting the given values, we have:
$40,000 = Sales Revenue - $50,000
Rearranging the equation, we find:
Sales Revenue = $40,000 + $50,000
Sales Revenue = $90,000
Therefore, the correct answer is B - $90,000.
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Complete question:
Rodeo, Inc. has a contribution margin ratio of 45%. This month, profit was $40,000 and fixed costs were $50,000. How much was Laredo's sales revenue?
A - $40,500
B - $90,000
C - $111.111
D - $200,000
Problem 20-14 (Algo) Charlie's Pizza orders all of its pepperoni, olives, anchovies, and mozzarella cheese to be shipped directly from Italy. An American distributor stops by every five we
Problem 20-14 (Algo)Charlie's Pizza orders all of its pepperoni, olives, anchovies, and mozzarella cheese to be shipped directly from Italy.
An American distributor stops by every five weeks to pick up the latest shipment. The distributor consolidates shipments from several other businesses before flying to the United States. The shipment arrives in the United States four days after it is picked up in Italy. The distributor takes three days to consolidate shipments and then immediately flies back to the United States with the consolidated shipment.
The consolidated shipment arrives in the United States two days after the flight departs from Italy. Charlie's Pizza receives the shipment two days after it arrives in the United States. During what week does Charlie's Pizza receive its shipment?The given information can be expressed in a table as follows:Calculation:Let's consider the time taken by the distributor to complete the process from Italy to the United States.From the above table, it can be concluded that the distributor takes 18 days to complete the process from Italy to the United States.Charlie's Pizza receives the shipment two days after it arrives in the United States.Therefore, the total time taken for Charlie's Pizza to receive the shipment= (18+2) days= 20 daysThus, Charlie's Pizza receives the shipment in 20 days.
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Dr. Robbins, a local pediatrician, accepts Red Square Insurance, a commercial insurance company, for payment. Since Dr. Robbins has agreed to accept a 20% discount off of their normal charges, Red Square has made Dr. Robbins a member of their ‘preferred provider’ list. If Dr. Robbins normally charges $100 per routine office visit (a pretty standard amount in the region), how much will Red Square reimburse Dr. Robbins for their member, little Suzy’s office visit?
B) Is this a Fee for Service, Capitated, or Bundled Payment kind of reimbursement (payment) model? Why do you think that?
Red Square is trying to convert as many of their providers to a capitated payment model. They have approached Dr. Robbins about providing pediatric services for their 7,000 pediatric members.
They have offered Dr. Robbins $4.00 PMPM. What would Dr. Robbins’ monthly capitated revenue be?
Red Square estimates that 2% of their pediatric patients have an office visit per month. Dr. Robbins has fixed costs of $15,000 per month that need to be covered and the VCu for an office visit is $95. Is this contract profitable for Dr. Robbins?
Dr. Robbins has agreed to a 20% discount from their normal charges. If Dr. Robbins typically charges $100 per routine office visit, then Red Square Insurance will reimburse Dr. Robbins $80 for little Suzy's office visit because of the 20% discount provided by Dr. Robbins. Therefore, the answer to part A is $80.B).
The reimbursement model that is being used in this scenario is a Fee for Service model. The reason behind this is that the Dr. Robbins agreed to accept the 20% discount off of their normal charges and, in exchange, Red Square has made Dr. Robbins a member of their ‘preferred provider’ list.
Here, the discount is offered on a service provided rather than the total fee as a capitated or bundled payment method would.
Therefore, it is the Fee for Service reimbursement model.
Dr. Robbins’ monthly capitated revenue would be $28,000. This is because there are 7,000 pediatric members that Dr. Robbins is providing services to, and the payment of each member is $4.00 PMPM.
Hence, the monthly capitated revenue would be $28,000 (i.e. 7,000 x 4). Now, to find out if the contract is profitable for Dr. Robbins,
we need to calculate the total revenue generated and compare it with the total cost incurred by
Dr. Robbins. Calculation of the total revenue:
2% of the 7000 pediatric patients visit Dr. Robbins per month = 140 patients visit
Dr. Robbins per month
Total revenue generated = 140 x $95 = $13300
Calculation of the total cost:
Fixed costs of Dr. Robbins = $15000Hence, the total cost incurred is $15000.
Therefore, the contract is not profitable for Dr. Robbins.
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Take a look at the illustration of Equidae teeth in Figure 3 below. You will want to match them to the animals in Figure 1 (where they are marked by the large arrows) to be sure you understand when they lived. The more square views below show the chewing surface of the tooth. The other views show the teeth from the side. 4. Describe the general changes in Equidae tooth morphology shown in the six taxa in Figure 3 . 5. How does the timing of these changes in tooth morphology relate to the timing of the expansion of grasslands? I.e., which type of teeth are more common in the early history of Equidae and which are more common after the diversification and expansion of grasses?
The general changes in Equidae tooth morphology shown in the six taxa in Figure 3 are:
In the Orohippus and Epihippus, the molars and premolars are not very hypsodont and have low crowns. The cheek teeth of Mesohippus are hypsodont, with the premolars slightly more so than the molars. In Merychippus, the crown height and hypsodonty of the cheek teeth have increased. The molars have more complex folding patterns and a thicker layer of enamel.
In Pliohippus, the teeth are even more hypsodont and have a very thick layer of enamel. The cheek teeth of Equus are even more hypsodont than those of Pliohippus, with the molars having the highest crown height and the thickest layer of enamel.
The timing of these changes in tooth morphology relates to the timing of the expansion of grasslands as animals need tougher and harder teeth to break down the silica present in grasses. As the grasses spread, the vegetation became tougher and abrasive, causing animals to change their diet to adapt to the new food source.
With the rise of grasslands, the hypsodont cheek teeth, especially high-crowned molars, became more common in the Equidae. Thus, more hypsodont teeth, with taller and more complex crowns, are more common in the later evolution of Equidae, after the diversification and expansion of grasses.
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I'm due a paycheck of $1,235.00 in 7 days. A payday lender has offered to advand me money against this paycheck, or, in other words, to make me a loan today whic would be paid off by my paycheck. Their fee is 2.5%. What rate of simple interest would this amount to? Your Answer:
The rate of simple interest amounts to 16.85% when rounded off to two decimal places.
Given that:
A payday lender has offered to advance you money against this paycheck
Their fee is 2.5%
Time, n = 7 days
We are to determine the rate of simple interest it amounts to.
To calculate the rate of simple interest we will use the formula for simple interest which is given by;
I = Prt
Where: I is the interest
P is the principal amount
r is the rate of interest (per annum)
t is the time period
Let's calculate the amount that will be deducted by the payday lender as their fee;
2.5% of $1,235 = 0.025 × 1,235
= $30.875
Now, the amount that will be advanced to you is given by;
A = P - IA
= $1,235 - $30.875A
= $1,204.125
Now that we have calculated the amount advanced to you, we can use the simple interest formula to determine the rate of interest;
r = I / Pt
Where: I = 30.875
P = 1,204.125t = 7 days
Since the time period is given in days, we will convert it to years by dividing by 365.25 days (to account for leap years) so that the units are consistent;
t = 7/365.25 years
Therefore;
r = I / Pt
= 30.875 / (1,204.125 × 7/365.25)
= 0.1685
Answer: 16.85% of simple interest.
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One June 15, Aden Enterprises purchased a laptop for its newest sales representative ( $1,150.79) and picked up some custom sales flyers on account at Staples. The total cost ( $1,437.21) was charged to the company's Staples account. All the flyers (advertising Aden'ts End-Of-June Sale) were emailed out by June 17.
Prepare the entry to record the purchase of the laptop and brochures. (If no entry is required, select "No debit" or "No credit" in the account field. )
ACCOUNT DEBIT CREDIT
The accounting equation which states that assets equal liabilities plus stockholders' equity must be kept in balance in order to prepare the journal entry to record the purchase of the laptop and brochures.
Let's prepare the entry to record the purchase of the laptop and brochures.
Account Debit Credit Laptop
1150.79
Accounts Payable-Staples286.42
Cash1437.21
We can use the following accounting equation to calculate the cost of the laptop and brochures:
Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity
To record the purchase of the laptop and brochures, we'll first need to calculate the total cost. As a result, we'll need to determine the value of the brochures in order to do so. Since the brochures were purchased on account, they aren't immediately recorded as an expense. Rather, they are recorded as an accounts payable liability.
The cost of the laptop is $1,150.79, according to the text. The total cost is $1,437.21. As a result, the cost of the brochures is $1,437.21 - $1,150.79 = $286.42.
The entry for the purchase of the laptop and brochures is as follows:
Debit the Laptop account for $1,150.79.
Debit the Accounts Payable-Staples account for $286.42.
Credit the Cash account for $1,437.21.
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1. What impact does Howard Schultz's rules have on human
resources?
Please comment on the above referring to at least two of the ten
rules.
Howard Schultz's rules have a significant impact on human resources. Schultz's leadership principles are intended to support the company's core values and guiding principles. The following two principles will be discussed in this answer:Rule 1: "Respect and Dignity for all Employees"Schultz believes in treating employees with dignity and respect.
He insists that employees are treated fairly and provided with opportunities to grow and develop within the company. In other words, he expects all Starbucks employees to be treated with respect, regardless of their position in the company. To accomplish this, Starbucks provides its employees with health care, stock options, and training programs, among other benefits. Starbucks also provides employees with the opportunity to earn a college degree online, which is a significant accomplishment. Furthermore, Starbucks is dedicated to sourcing its products from ethical suppliers, which contributes to the company's commitment to ethical and sustainable practices.
These actions demonstrate Starbucks' commitment to treating employees with dignity and respect.Rule 8: "Embrace Resistance and the Status Quo"Schultz is a proponent of change and innovation, and he encourages his employees to embrace it as well. Schultz believes that change is necessary for growth and success. Starbucks strives to create an environment that encourages creativity, innovation, and risk-taking. In addition, Schultz believes that the company should remain adaptable and open to new ideas.
This means that employees should feel free to question the status quo and speak their minds, as long as they are respectful and constructive. Starbucks has demonstrated its commitment to innovation by introducing new products, redesigning stores, and creating new technology, such as mobile ordering and payment systems. These actions demonstrate Starbucks' commitment to innovation and its willingness to embrace change.
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Provide one good example and one bad example of businesses that have made strategic adjustments due to external factors (this does not have to be related to COVID). Explain why you chose each company as an example.
Netflix is a good example of a company that made successful strategic adjustments by recognizing the shift toward digital media and streaming technology, investing in original content, and expanding globally.
Good Example: Netflix
Netflix is a prime example of a business that made successful strategic adjustments due to external factors. When the company started as a DVD rental-by-mail service, it quickly recognized the shift toward digital media and streaming technology.
In response, Netflix transformed its business model to become a leading streaming platform. This adjustment allowed them to capitalize on changing consumer preferences and revolutionize the entertainment industry.
By investing heavily in original content production, Netflix differentiated itself from traditional media companies and secured a strong position in the market. Furthermore, they expanded their services globally, recognizing the increasing demand for streaming across different countries and cultures.
Netflix's strategic adjustments not only allowed them to adapt to the evolving landscape but also positioned them as a dominant player in the streaming industry.
Bad Example: Blockbuster
Blockbuster serves as a cautionary tale of a company that failed to make necessary strategic adjustments due to external factors. As the leading video rental chain in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Blockbuster dominated the home entertainment market.
However, they failed to recognize the shifting landscape towards digital media and the emergence of online rental services like Netflix. Blockbuster clung to its brick-and-mortar model and hesitated to invest in online streaming.
Consequently, they lost market share and eventually filed for bankruptcy in 2010. Blockbuster's failure to adapt to changing consumer preferences and technological advancements led to its downfall. The company's lack of strategic adjustments and failure to innovate ultimately left them obsolete in an industry that underwent a significant transformation.
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Consider the Specific Factors Model for a small open economy that produces only agricultural goods and manufacturing goods. Assuming that the economy initially exports agricultural goods, a. Use the labor allocation diagram to analyze the effects of a fall in the price of manufacturing goods on the allocation of labor between the two sectors as well as the effect on the nominal wage of labor. b. Use the PPF diagram and the budget line to analyze the effects of this fall in the price of manufacturing goods on the level of outputs for both sectors. Can you conclude how the level of consumption and export of agricultural goods can get affected as a result of this change in the international trade market? (assume no information on the consumer preferences and substitution effects) č. Assume that due to immigration, the total size of labor force in the country has decreased. Show the effect of this change on the nominal wages using the labor allocation diagram (Hint: Impose the change from one side of the labor allocation diagram to make the analysis easier). d. Use the PPF diagram and the budget line to analyze the effects of this fall in the size of labor force on the level of output and consumption.Consider the Specific Factors Model for a small open economy that produces only agricultural goods (A) and manufacturing goods (M). Assume that the production of agricultural goods depends on the use of land and labor, while the production of manufacturing goods depends on capital and labor and that the economy initially exports agricultural goods.
a) Assume that due to a natural disaster, %20 of the land employed in the agricultural sector is destroyed. At the same time, the prices of manufacturing goods fall by %20 while the prices of agricultural goods stay constant. Use the labor allocation diagram to analyze the effects of these changes on the allocation of labor between the two sectors as well as the effect on the nominal wage. Explain the reason behind any possible shift in your graph.
b) Use the PPF diagram to show the effects of ONLY destruction of %20 of the land employed in the agricultural sector on the level of output and export of agricultural goods in the international trade market.
The production of agricultural goods depends on the use of land and labor while the production of manufacturing goods depends on capital and labor and that the economy initially exports agricultural goods. As the economy initially exports agricultural goods, this decrease would lead to a decrease in exports.
Let's see the impact of the natural disaster on the economy as follows: A natural disaster that destroys 20% of the land employed in the agricultural sector would decrease the production of agricultural goods. As the economy initially exports agricultural goods, this decrease would lead to a decrease in exports as well. As the prices of agricultural goods stay constant, there would be no effect on the relative prices of agricultural and manufacturing goods. On the other hand, the prices of manufacturing goods fall by 20%, so the relative prices between the two sectors change, which leads to the labor being allocated to the manufacturing sector. As a result, the labor allocated to the agricultural sector decreases and the labor allocated to the manufacturing sector increases, causing a shift of the labor allocation curve to the right.
Thus, if the decrease in production level is less than the decrease in exports of agricultural goods, the level of consumption of agricultural goods would increase. Therefore, the level of consumption and export of agricultural goods can get affected as a result of this change in the international trade market.
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ABC Corporation reports the following (in 5 millions): net income of $1,112, retained earnings at the end of the year of $25,044 and retained earnings at the beginning of the year of $24,658. Assume that there were no other retained earnings transactions during the year. What dividends did the firm pay during the year? Select one: O a. $0 O b. There is not enough information to calculate the amount. O c. $726 million O d. $386 million e. $1,498 million
Given, net income of $1,112 million, retained earnings at the end of the year of $25,044 million and retained earnings at the beginning of the year of $24,658 million.
Therefore,What dividends did the firm pay during the year?The dividends paid by the company can be calculated by using the formula:Dividends paid = Retained earnings at the beginning of the year – Retained earnings at the end of the year + Net income of the year= $24,658 - $25,044 + $1,112 = $726 millionTherefore, the amount of dividends paid by the firm during the year is $726 million.Option (C) is the correct option.
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A loan of $9000 is to be repaid by 10 annual payments beginning 6 months from the date of the loan. The first payment is to be half as large as the others. For the first 51/2 years interest is at 0.039 effective; for the remainder of the term interest is at 0.075 effective. Find amount of the first payment. ANSWER =$
The amount of the first payment is $1222.35 as per the information provided.
Loan: $9000
Payments per year: 10
First payment is half as large as the others
Effective interest rate for the first 5 and a half years: 3.9%
Effective interest rate for the remaining years: 7.5%
We can use the formula to calculate the payment amount, where:
P = A x (PVIFA i,n)PVIFA i,n = ((1 + i)ⁿ - 1) / (i(1 + i)ⁿ)
P = (PVIFA 0.075,9) x 9000 / 10 = (5.982) x 900 = 5383.8 (rounded to one decimal place)
Next, we'll calculate the amount of the first payment. The first payment is half as large as the others, so let the amount of the other payments be x.
The payment amount is:
P = x(1 + PVIFA 0.039, 5.5) + 0.5xP = x(1 + PVIFA 0.039, 5.5) + 0.5x
The first payment is 6 months from the loan's date. Since payments are made yearly, the first payment will be 0.5 year from the first payment date.
Thus, we'll use PVIFA for 5.5 years for the first payment:
P = x(1 + PVIFA 0.039, 5.5) + 0.5x
P = x(1 + (1.229) x 0.039) + 0.5x
P = 1.497x
For the first payment amount, substitute 1.497x for P:1.497x = 9000 - 5383.8 (sum of the remaining payments)
Solve for x:
x = (9000 - 5383.8) / 1.497x = $2444.7 (rounded to one decimal place)
The amount of the first payment is half as large as the other nine payments, so it is:$2444.7 / 2 = $1222.35
Thus, the amount of the first payment is $1222.35.
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required rate of return is 16%. You have boen asked to chmhurs a shire voliature 1. What should the current value of Impossible food's shares boz shore wotkings (4 warks) 2. If the market price of the share is $50, is the share over-priced, uncher-priced ot think pricest
The current value of Impossible Foods' shares per share should be $30.62. Impossible Foods' share valuation should be less than $50 if the market price of the share is $50, indicating that it is overpriced.
You may determine whether a stock is overpriced or underpriced by comparing the stock's market price to its intrinsic value. The rate of return is the amount of profit or loss on an investment. It's expressed as a percentage of the investment's initial cost, or as an annual percentage rate (APR). The required rate of return is the minimum amount of return that an investor requires before committing their funds to an investment.The required rate of return is influenced by various factors, such as risk, inflation, and so on.
1. To compute the present value of Impossible Food's shares per share, use the formula below: PV = [tex]D / (1 + r) ^ n[/tex]. D = the dividend per share per year = $2r = the required rate of return = 16%; n = the number of years the dividend will be paid = 4 years PV =[tex]$2 / (1 + 0.16) ^ 4PV = 2 / 1.749[/tex]; Pv = $1.14.
The current value of Impossible Foods' shares per share should be $1.14. Now we'll compute the worth per share of a stock with an annual dividend of $2, a required rate of return of 16%, and a four-year lifespan. The current value of the shares is computed as follows: PV[tex]= $2 / (1 + 0.16) ^ 4PV = $2 / 1.749. Pv = $1.14[/tex].We can calculate the current value of Impossible Foods' shares after calculating the present value. To compute this, multiply the dividend per share per year by the present value per share.2. Since the intrinsic value of Impossible Foods' shares is $30.62, the stock is overpriced if the market price is $50.
The market price of $50 is much higher than the intrinsic value of $30.62. This indicates that the stock is overpriced. Therefore, the answer is that the stock is overpriced.To learn more about market price, visit here
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The following data is available relating to the performance of a
hedge fund and its benchmark portfolio. The risk-free rate of
return during the sample period was 1%. What is the Information
Ratio for
The Information Ratio for the given data is 0.5.The formula of Information Ratio is as follows: Information Ratio = (Mean Return of Portfolio - Mean Return of Benchmark)/Standard Deviation of Excess Returns
Given data:Mean return of portfolio = 17%Mean return of benchmark = 12%Standard deviation of portfolio returns = 8%Risk-free rate = 1%
To calculate the standard deviation of excess returns, first we need to calculate the excess returns.
Excess Returns = Portfolio Returns - Risk-Free Rate of Return= 17% - 1% = 16%
Benchmark Excess Returns =
Benchmark Returns - Risk-Free Rate of Return= 12% - 1%
Now., calculate the standard deviation of excess returns.
Standard Deviation of Excess Returns = Square Root of [Sum of (Excess Returns - Mean Excess Returns)^2 / (Number of Observations - 1)]Standard Deviation of Excess Returns = sqrt [(16-((17-12)-1))^2 + (11-((17-12)-1))^2 / (2-1)]
Standard Deviation of Excess Returns = sqrt [(16-6)^2 + (11-6)^2 / 1]Standard Deviation of Excess Returns = sqrt [100]Standard Deviation of Excess Returns = 10Information Ratio = (Mean Return of Portfolio - Mean Return of Benchmark)/Standard Deviation ofExcess Returns= (17% - 12%) / 10= 0.5
Hence, the Information Ratio for the given data is 0.5.
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The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was pushed off global front pages last fortnight by food inflation. Food prices have leaped 75 per cent since mid-2020, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) assessed. In India, rural consumer food price has doubled in the year through March 2022, according to the All India Consumer Price Index (CPI) by the National Statistical Office (released April 12). At 13 per cent, the country’s annual wholesale inflation was at the highest in a decade. Food and fuel prices played a major role. Such is the impact of inflation that the World Food Program (WFP), currently running one of its most expansive food relief operations in recent history, made a desperate appeal for further funding. Because, food inflation has significantly increased the cost of its day-today relief: It’s paying $71 million (Rs 544 crore) more per month now for the same operation level. In the context of the Russia-Ukraine war, energy security came into focus. The world has been debating how the fossil fuel disruption will derail the planet’s efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to stop global warming and resultant climate change. Fuel price is already rising and adding to overall costs of everything, including food production and transportation. But, the war has also disrupted food grain supply and circulation further adding to the demand-supply equation. Extreme weather events continue to affect large swathes of areas growing food and thus bringing down overall production. To sum up, the most fundamental survival need is at stake. This crisis exposes the globalized world’s another fault line. When the COVID-19 pandemic struck, an interconnected globalised world suddenly woke up to a situation where every country retreated and scrambled for self-protection; expectedly the rich world jealously colonised all resources needed to fight the pandemic leaving the rest helpless. The food sector is also interconnected and interdependent, though perilously. WFP calls its aftermath a "seismic hunger crisis" gripping the world. In Africa and west Asia, the hunger crisis has already set in. The World Bank has warned that each percentage point increase in food prices would push an additional 10 million people into extreme poverty. The impact of food inflation is impacting the world’s poor and developing countries the most, because most of these countries are also food importers. For instance, some 50 countries, mostly poor countries, depend on Ukraine and Russia for wheat, a staple grain. (Source: DowntoEarth, April 2022)
Question 3) Choose a country, which you think will be badly effected this crisis in the next 5 years and discuss what immediate measures that the country should undertake.
Based on the information provided, one country that could be badly affected by the food inflation crisis in the next five years is India. As mentioned in the passage, India has already experienced a doubling of rural consumer food prices in the year through March 2022. To mitigate the impact of this crisis, India should consider taking the following immediate measures:
1. Enhance domestic food production: India should invest in agriculture and improve farming techniques to increase food production. This could include promoting sustainable farming practices, providing subsidies for farmers, and improving irrigation facilities. By boosting domestic production, India can reduce its dependence on food imports and stabilize prices.
2. Strengthen food security programs: The Indian government should focus on expanding and improving its food security programs, such as the Public Distribution System (PDS), which provides subsidized food grains to vulnerable populations. This would ensure that essential food items are accessible and affordable for those in need.
3. Increase investment in infrastructure: India should invest in transportation and storage infrastructure to minimize post-harvest losses and ensure efficient distribution of food grains. This would help in reducing food wastage and stabilizing prices.
4. Promote sustainable agriculture and diversify crops: India should encourage farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural practices that reduce the reliance on chemical inputs and promote biodiversity. Diversifying crops can also help in reducing vulnerability to climate change and improving food security.
5. Strengthen international cooperation: India should collaborate with other countries and international organizations to address the global food crisis. This could involve participating in forums like the World Trade Organization (WTO) to negotiate fair trade agreements, seeking international assistance, and sharing best practices in agriculture and food security.
By implementing these measures, India can alleviate the impact of the food inflation crisis and ensure food security for its population in the next five years.
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Global Investors based in Cairo, Egypt are of the view that its last quarter 2020 sales due to the impact of COVID -19 in Nigeria could slip sales to N10, 000,000 and expects the exchange rate to be $0.002 per Naira (dollar earnings are there expected to be $20,000).
a) If the exchange rate unexpectedly changes to $0.0016 per Naira and Global Investors has not hedged, what are losses due to ‘operation exposure’?
b) How could Global Investors eliminate its operating exposure?
c) Suppose that Global Investors relocates production to Nigeria and expects last quarter costs of production and distribution to be N5, 000,000 leaving a net profit of N5, 000,000 if sales remain constant. Would you
recommend that Global Investors hedge the entire N10, 000,000?
d) How do you explain if in either event, what will Global Investors hedging
activity do to the expected profitability in US dollars and in Nigeria Naira?
a) The losses due to ‘operation exposure’ would be the difference between the exchange rate that was expected and the actual exchange rate. The expected dollar earnings at the exchange rate of $0.002 per Naira were $20,000, but due to an unexpected change in the exchange rate to $0.0016 per Naira, the dollar earnings would reduce.
The actual dollar earnings at the new exchange rate would be:10,000,000 * $0.0016 = $16,000. The loss due to ‘operation exposure’ would be the difference between the expected earnings and the actual earnings: $20,000 - $16,000 = $4,000.
b) Global Investors could eliminate its operating exposure by hedging its currency risk. They could do this by entering into a forward contract to sell dollars and buy Naira at the predetermined exchange rate. This would protect them from any adverse movements in the exchange rate and ensure that they receive the expected dollar earnings.
c) If Global Investors relocates production to Nigeria, their costs of production and distribution would be in Naira, so they would be exposed to currency risk on their costs. If they do not hedge their currency risk, any adverse movements in the exchange rate would increase their costs and reduce their profitability. It would be recommended that they hedge their entire N10,000,000 to eliminate their currency risk and protect their profitability.
d) If Global Investors hedges their currency risk, it would eliminate the impact of any adverse movements in the exchange rate on their profitability. Their expected profitability in US dollars and Nigerian Naira would remain the same regardless of the exchange rate movements. However, if they do not hedge their currency risk, any adverse movements in the exchange rate would reduce their profitability in US dollars and Nigerian Naira.
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