Answer:
Animal Physiology
Animal physiology is the study of how animals work, and investigates the biological processes that occur for animal life to exist. These processes can be studied at various levels of organization from membranes through to organelles, cells, organs, organ systems, and to the whole animal. Animal physiology examines how biological processes function, how they operate under various environmental conditions, and how these processes are regulated and integrated. The study of animal physiology is closely linked with anatomy (i.e., the relationship of function with structure) and with the basic physical and chemical laws that constrain living as well as nonliving systems. Although all animals must function within basic physical and chemical constraints, there is a diversity of mechanisms and processes by which different animals work. A comparative approach to animal physiology highlights underlying principles, and reveals diverse solutions to various environmental challenges. It can reveal similar solutions to a common problem, or modifications of a particular physiological system to function under diverse conditions. The discipline of animal physiology is diverse and here the major areas of research and investigation are outlined.
TROPICAL SOILS | Humid Tropical☆
S.W. Buol, in Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, 2013
Chemical and Mineralogical Composition of Soils
Of the chemical elements essential for plant and animal physiology, only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, are derived directly from air and water. Nitrogen and to some extent sulfur are derived from the air but must be present as inorganic ions in the soil before they can be utilize by plants. The other essential elements are obtained from the dissolution of minerals in the soil. Essential element bearing minerals are derived from the geologic material within which the soil is formed. An inadequate supply of any essential element limits plant growth. The most frequent limitations result from insufficient plant-available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, or magnesium.
Practically no nitrogen is present in soil minerals. Nitrogen enters the soil as ammonium and nitrate dissolved in rainwater or via fixation from the air by nitrogen-fixing microbes in the soil. Some nitrogen-fixing microbes in the soil are symbiotic and the nitrogen they extract from the air is incorporated into their legume plant host. Other nitrogen-fixing microbes are not symbiotic, and the nitrogen they extract from the air is incorporated into their cells. Nitrogen is also present in the organic residues of dead organisms in and on the surface layers of soil. Plants do not ingest the organic forms of nitrogen but as microbes in the soil decompose organic residues and exhaust carbon dioxide to the air inorganic forms of nitrogen are released into the soil solution and become available to growing plants, leach into the groundwater during periods of excessive rainfall, or return to the air as nitrogen gas during periods when the soil is saturated with water. Plant-available nitrogen contents in soil are transient and closely related to the nitrogen content in the organic residue and the rate at which the residue is decomposing.
Phosphorus is present in only a few minerals in the soil. Apatite, a soluble calcium phosphate mineral capable of supplying plant-available phosphorus, is the most common source of phosphorus and most abundant in soil formed in limestone. Iron and aluminum phosphate minerals are extremely insoluble and do not release phosphorus rapidly enough for rapid plant growth. Soils with high iron and aluminum contents tend to absorb phosphate applied as fertilizer and decrease its availability to plants. This is a serious problem in attempts to fertilize food crops in many soils in the tropics.
Potassium is present in mica and feldspar minerals. These minerals are rather easily decomposed in the soil environment and consequently are sparse in soils formed in siliceous materials and sediments that have been repeatedly transported and deposited on the land surface.
Calcium and magnesium are most abundant in carbonate minerals associated with limestone and some carbonate rich sandstone. Carbonate minerals are also relatively unstable when subjected to weathering and therefore most abundant in soils formed directly from limestone, some sandstone, and recently deposited sediments derived from carbonate rich rock.
What is consciousness ?
Answer:
consciousness is the difference between a rock and a hard place to stay in 6
Consciousness is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that refers to our subjective Consciousness of the world and ourselves.
Consciousness encompasses our awareness, perception, thoughts, emotions, and the sense of self.
Some theories of Consciousness:
1. Dualism: According to dualism, the mind or consciousness exists independently of the brain and can potentially survive even after the death of the body.
2. Materialism: Also known as physicalism. According to materialism, consciousness is an emergent property of the complex interactions among neurons, neural networks, and brain structures.
3. Integrated Information Theory (IIT): According to IIT, consciousness emerges when information is both highly integrated (information is interconnected) and highly differentiated (information is diverse).
4. Global Workspace Theory (GWT): The global workspace is a dynamic neural network that allows information to be shared across different cognitive processes and enables access to conscious awareness.
5. Phenomenal consciousness vs. Access consciousness: Phenomenal consciousness refers to what it feels like to experience something, while access consciousness pertains to the ability to use that experience for various cognitive tasks.
Thus, the term "consciousness" refers to our individualized perception of the outside world and of ourselves.
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In which location would light travel at the highest speed?
O A. In a swimming pool
B. Within a glass fiber
O C. Within a diamond
O D. Between the Sun and Earth
Answer:
D. Between the Sun and Earth
Explanation:
It travels fastest in vacuum So I’m making an educated gas and saying it’s D I could be wrong though.
Answer:
D. Between the Sun and Earth
Explanation:
quiz
Which of the following is true about the sugar molecules in plants
1. The sugar molecules are made by plants
2. The sugar molecules come from the soil
3. The sugar molecules are one of many sources of food for plants
4. The sugar molecules are made from molecules of water and minerals
The sugar molecules are made by plants during photosynthesis.
How sugar molecules in plant are made?Plants are autotrophic in nutrition. During photosynthesis, using water sunlight is converted into energy and sugar molecule like glucose within the plant cells.
Plants store excess glucose in form of starch (polyglucan).
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Use the information to draw an inference about why red beryl has been found in only four places on Earth.
Answer:
The volcanoes with that type of lava are only found in four places on Earth, it can't be made anywhere else.
Explanation:
Red beryl is one of the rarest minerals in the world. Because it is so rare, red beryl is about 1000 times more valuable than gold. Read the passage that describes how red beryl forms. Use the information to draw an inference about why red beryl has been found in only four places on Earth.
In crrying the microscope hold firmly the microscope's arm with one hand and place the other hand under the base for suport
Answer:
whats your question?
Explanation:
what is the purpose of transcription A. To produce DNA B. To produce Lipids C. To produce RNA D. To produce Amino Acids
Explanation:
the answer is d.
amino acids 4 protein synthesis...
Need help with the question in the picture
Answer:
The answer is k = −11
Explanation:
f(−2)= 0
f(−2)= − 8 − 24 − 2 k + 10 = 0
2 k = -22
and finally; k= −11
Mark and Michelle both have dark hair, which is a dominant trait. But their first child is blonde. Which is the most likely explanation
Answer:
They are heterozygous for the dark hair.
why is it important to use weakened virus in vaccine
Answer:
It is important for you to use a weakened virus in the vaccine so once injected in your system not only is your body learning to FIGHT the virus but you will become immune to it once your body has practically gotten a taste of it. for example some anti venom antitodes use the ACTUAL venom aswell its vital in vaccines.
Explanation:
The state of Georgia has a yearly energy surplus.
Question 8 options:
a) True
b) False
Answer: A
Explanation:
True state of Georgia has a yearly energy surplus.
Does Georgia use more energy than it generates?
Georgia is among the top 10 electricity-producing states, the state typically uses more power than it generates.
What energy source does Georgia use?Nearly 75% of Georgia's electricity generation comes from hydro production (75.3% in 2019), with the remainder produced from natural gas and from a 20.7 MW wind power plant .
Hence, correct option is :True
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name the star shaped cells present in hydrophytes
Answer:
Astrosclereids are star-shaped, having various branches or arms. They are found in intercellular spaces of leaves and stems of many hydrophytes like Nymphaea.
The movement of small organic molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, and water across the digestive epithelium and into the intestinal fluid of the digestive tract is called what then? I can understand if going into the interstitial fluid of the digestive tract that it would be called Absorption; however, what is it called when it moves into the intestinal fluid of the digestive tract?
Answer:
As you have learned, the process of mechanical digestion is relatively simple. It involves the physical breakdown of food but does not alter its chemical makeup. Chemical digestion, on the other hand, is a complex process that reduces food into its chemical building blocks, which are then absorbed to nourish the cells of the body. In this section, you will look more closely at the processes of chemical digestion and absorption.
This diagram identifies the functions of mechanical and chemical digestion and absorption at each organ. Next to each organ, a callout identifies which steps of digestion take place in that particular organ.
Explanation:
Glucose break down during cellular respiration.
O True
O False yes
what is Baltimore classification of viruses
The Baltimore classification of viruses is a system developed by David Baltimore, allowing for the naming and grouping of RNA or DNA viruses according to their modes of replication.
ANSWER BY AN AI
Answer:
jhiuyhtfgkuguftmff
Explanation:
Q. Which increased age skeletal muscle show?
A. An increase in muscle fiber diameter
B. A decrease in the number of myofibrils
C. A tendency to fatigue less rapidly
D. Increased glycogen reserves.
E. No change in oxygen storage capability.
Answer:
i do not know if there are more than one answer but d and a both sound right to me
Explanation:
which type of restraint equipment works well in controlling the head movement of a large dog?
Answer:
Standing restraint
Explanation:
place one arm under the dog's neck with the forearm holding the head
Standing restraint equipment works well in controlling the head movement of a large dog. The correct option is (C).
What do you mean by standing restraint?Standing restraint is place one arm under the dog's neck with the forearm, holding the head. The other arm is placed around the animal's body to pull it close to the handler. Can be used on floor or table. Use.
Place one arm under the dog's neck and place your hand onto the side of the head. Pull the dog's head gently into your body. Place your other arm over and around the dog's hindlimbs. This technique can be used to encourage the dog to sit if it is standing, by applying gentle pressure.
There are three types of restraints: physical, chemical and environmental. Physical restraints limit a patient's movement. Chemical restraints are any form of psychoactive medication used not to treat illness, but to intentionally inhibit a particular behaviour or movement.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was,
Which type of restraint equipment works well in controlling the head movement of a large dog?
A. Leash
B. Hands
C. Standing restraint
D. Towels
What is the only thing recycled during the ATP-ADP cycle? *
О
ADP
ОАТР
O Glucose
Sugar Ring
If a brown-eyed mother and a blue-eyed father have four children, three will probably have brown eyes. What can you conclude from this?
A. Brown eyes are a successive trait
B. Brown eyes are a submissive trait
C. Brown eyes are a recessive trait
D. Brown eyes are a dominant trait
Answer:
D. Brown eyes are a Dominant Trait
Explanation:
IS THIS RIGHT IF NOT CAN SOMEONE TELL ME WHAT IS THE RIGHT AWNSER <3
Answer:
No
Explanation:
It mainly happens in the Liver
Answer:
right answer is LIVER
Explanation:
byee :)
1. Two cats are mated. One of the parent cats is long-haired (recessive allele). The offspring of the two cats are: two short-haired and three long-haired kittens. What does the second parent look like (phenotype), and what is its genotype? Make a punnet square.
Answer:
2 Hh- short-haired kitten
2hh- long-haired kitten
Explanation:
Parental phenotypes: long-haired short-haired
Parental genotypes: hh × Hh(second parent)
Genotypes of F1 generation: Hh, hh, Hh, hh
2 Hh- short-haired kitten
2hh- long-haired kitten
White-tailed deer raise their tails when they spot a predator approaching; the predator typically gives up its pursuit once it knows that the faster prey species has seen it. This is an example of
How does reproduction in humans compare to reproduction and other animals such as fish, birds and reptiles?
Answer:
It compares because all of them reproduce the same way with varied offspring instead of identical.
why don't we have the same means of livelihood in the different provinces and regions of the country?
I don't know........,...........................................
Answer:
there are differenties on the place and people we grew up with
How the form of ostrich’s eggs help the bird survive?
Answer:
Adaptations that make ostriches fast on land but unable to fly include long legs with strong muscles, thick bones and powerful 2-toed feet
Which of the following changes would likely increase rates of photosynthesis?
Decreasing the temperature
Decreasing the carbon dioxide
O Increasing the carbon dioxide
Increasing the distance of a plant from a light source
which type of organism can use photosynthesis to make food
Answer:Plants
Plants, algae, and a group of bacteria called cyanobacteria are the only organisms capable of performing photosynthesis (Figure 1). Because they use light to manufacture their own food, they are called photoautotrophs (literally, “self-feeders using light”).
Explanation:
Answer:
All plants with green leaves, from the tiniest mosses to towering fir trees, synthesize, or create, their own food through photosynthesis. Algae, phytoplankton, and some bacteria also perform photosynthesis. Some rare autotrophs produce food through a process called chemosynthesis, rather than through photosynthesis.
why do earthquakes and volcanoes occur a long destructive and conservation plate boundaries?
Answer:
because the plates do not pass smoothly there will be some interaction in both of them
Which side is hypertonic ? A or B ?
Which side will gain water
What is c ?
Answer:
B IS HYPERTONIC
A WILL RECIEVE MORE
C IS MEDIAN
Name at least three hormones which are used commercially and list why they are used.
Answer:
Auxins, Ethene and Cytopkinins
Explanation:
Auxins used in commercial fo Crop production.
Ethene used in commercial to fruit to ripen.
Cytokinins used in commercial to reduce yellowing in green vegetables.
Auxins are utilized in the commercial production of crops. Ethene is a commercial fruit ripening agent. Cytokinins are used commercially to stop green crops from turning yellow.
What are plant hormones?
Almost every element of plant growth and reaction to its environment is regulated by plant hormones. Numerous plant hormones play important roles in the interactions between plants and helpful microorganisms because they are active at extremely low concentrations and have precise spatial control of synthesis and response.
The "The Role of Plant Hormones in Plant-Microbe Symbioses" special issue offers fresh information on the functions of hormones produced from both the plant and the microbial partner in symbiosis establishment and communication. This includes the close symbioses that the majority of terrestrial plants have with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, as well as the more recently acquired nodulation—symbioses between a select group of plants in the fabid clade and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
The articles in this special issue also look at how hormones affect how plants interact with ectomycorrhizae, endophytic bacteria, and fungi, and helpful microorganisms that stick to the surfaces of the leaves and roots. Many hormones can interact with one another in addition to acting directly to regulate the growth of these symbioses, and these intricate networks are just beginning to emerge.
Therefore, various plant hormones are used commercially.
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1. The person and elephant are traveling from left to right. The second photo was taken a few seconds after the first. Who is traveling
faster?
several seconds late
O A The person is walking faster.
O B. The elephant is walking faster
O C. They are traveling at the same speed
O D. Impossible to determine
Answer: B
Explanation:
Because the person is slower than an elephant