The correct answer is option 1. which defines the functioning of a somatic reflex.
The neuronal pathway from the first perception of a stimulus to the reaction, such as the movement of a limb, is known as a somatic reflex arc. Afferent, or sensory, neurons in the CNS carry information from a sensory organ to muscle cells via the fundamental pathway. The efferent, or motor, neurons then get this information.A sensory input from the environment, such as touching a cold soda bottle, is the initial step in the response arc. Then, afferent neuron transmits this sensory information. Action potentials, which are electrical impulses brought on by ions moving in and out of the neuron, are the means through which information moves through a neuron.Chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters transport the information to the next neuron through a synapse.The information may transit through an interneuron or link directly from an afferent neuron to an efferent neuron at the spinal cord. Through the neuromuscular junction, the efferent neurons transfer information to the muscle cells via neurotransmitters, resulting in muscle contraction and movement. This motion will cause the hand to be removed from the bottle of cold soda.Hence, correct answer is option 1.
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changes in the cell wall and cellulose content of developing cotton fibers investigated by ftir spectroscopy
Universal Attenuated Total Reflectance (UTIR), cotton fibers taken at various developmental phases had their Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra recorded (UATR-FTIR).
Monitoring cell wall modifications that take place throughout various stages of cotton fiber formation was the study's principal objective. There are two types of Gossypium hirsutum L. in a greenhouse, were planted (Texas Marker-1 and TX55). Individual flowers were tagged on the day of blossoming, and bolls were gathered. The FTIR spectra were obtained from fibers collected over a number of days between 10 and 56 dpa utilizing UATR (ZnSe-Diamond crystal) without any specific sample preparation. To record the time of the switch between primary and secondary cell wall production, changes in the FTIR spectra were employed.
Through variations in a variety of vibrations found in the spectra, alterations in cellulose throughout cotton fiber growth and development were found. With the proportion of cellulose that was chemically tested, the strength of the vibration bands at 667 and 897 cm1 corresponded.
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Brown-eyed alma has a blue-eyed mother and a brown-eyed father. In this case, her brown eyes were determined by a _____ allele.
Her brown eyes in this case were caused by a dominant allele.
What are dominant alleles, exactly?When more than one allele is present, a dominant allele is a gene variant that will still cause a particular phenotype.A dominant allele typically codes for a functional protein.The allele is dominant because it produces enough enzyme from a single copy to allow a cell to have an abundance of a certain product.Why are some genes dominant alleles?A dominant allele is referred to as dominant because it conceals the recessive trait and appears in the phenotype of a heterozygous species.One allele is all that is required to express the trait.learn more about dominant allele here
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sensory transduction requires: alteration of the conformation of a channel protein. reaction of a receptor protein with a stimulus. a change in membrane potential. all of these choices are correct.
the following are necessary for sensory transduction:
altering a channel protein's structure.a receptor protein's response to a stimuli.a modification of membrane potential.Where is the site of sensory transduction?The conversion of a sensory signal into an electrical signal in the nervous system is the most basic function of a sensory system. The sensory receptor is where this happens. The receptor potential refers to the resulting shift in electrical potential.What is a good illustration of sensory transduction?In contrast, sensory receptors convert a chemical or physical stimulus into an electrical signal during sensory transduction. For instance, in the visual system, rod cells in the retina, which are sensory cells, transform the physical energy of optical signal into electric signals that are sent to the brain.
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Assuming that oleic acid molecules are cubic in shape where a side of the cube is the height of the monolayer, discuss how you would calculate the area of a molecule.
Oleic acid molecules are cubic in shape where a side of the cube is the height of the monolayer, the area of oleic acid molecule is 6h².
What is a shape's area?The total amount of space occupied by a place surface is the area of a specific shape.
Area often refers to a solid object's shape or two dimensions.
A three-dimensional object known as a cube has six faces with equal surface areas.
A cube's total area is calculated by summing the findings of the areas of each of its six faces.
A cube's total surface area equals 6 * [tex]a^{2}[/tex].
Where an is any one of the six faces' region.
Oleic acid molecules have a cubic form, with the height of the monolayer being one of its sides.
Let h represent the height of the oleic acid.
By dividing the square of the molecule's height by six, the area of an oleic molecule can be calculated.
Molecule size of oleic acid is 6 * [tex]h^{2}[/tex].
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selecting from the following, which tooth and surface are most likely to exhibit pit and fissure caries? group of answer choices
The pits and fissure provides the physical barrier that inhibits the microorganisms and food particle accumulation.
What are pits and fissure?Pits are the depressions and fissures are the grooves that are present in the surface of teeth. It is a black color line that runs in the molar teeth is generally pits.
Brushing twice in a day, A regular dental visits and proper care of teeth helps to prevent pits and fissures.
There are four types of teeth :
MolarsPremolarsIncisorsCaninesPits and fissures are present in molar teeth. It is a dental plaque which contain bacteria.
There are the different techniques have been used to close fissures:
Silver nitrate filling.Amalgam.Cement .Therefore, The pits and fissure provides the physical barrier that inhibits the microorganisms and food particle accumulation.
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Do all animals/ organisms have metabolism?
Answer: yes
Explanation:
Metabolism just refers to the sum total of the biochemical reactions that take place in an organism's body. So, every living thing has a metabolism
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in a specific ecosystem, the population with the greatest number of members will be the secondary consumers.
False. in a specific ecosystem, the population with the greatest number of members will be the producers
Producers are organisms that create food in the food chain and are found at the bottom of the food chain pyramid. Producers use sunlight to fix CO2 and H2O, which they accumulate in their bodies as biomass and use to provide energy to other organisms in the food chain.
Food chains do not exist naturally without producers. In some cases, it depicts an upright pyramid, but in others, it depicts a spindle-shaped pyramid in a separate ecosystem.
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How does an enzyme become denatured? A. The active site changes shape A. The active site changes shape B. The substrate changes shape B. The substrate changes shape C. the amount of energy needed goes up C. the amount of energy needed goes up D. the amount of energy goes down D. the amount of energy goes down E. the pH becomes too high or low E. the pH becomes too high or low F. the temperature gets too hot or cold F. the temperature gets too hot or cold G. all of the above G. all of the above H. both A and B H. both A and B I. all except C. and D.
An enzyme becomes denatured when the active site changes shape (Option A is correct).
What is the enzyme's active site?The enzyme active site refers to a molecular domain in the enzyme that binds to the substrate during a chemical reaction, which changes of tridimensional shape after the denaturation of the enzyme.
Enzyme active site is different to the binding site for cofactors, which may increase the rate of a given chemical reaction.
In conclusion, an enzyme becomes denatured when the active site changes shape (Option A is correct).
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the muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, is the:
The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, is the small intestine.
What is alimentary canal?The alimentary canal is a muscular hollow continuous tubular organ that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus and is in charge of digestion and absorption of ingested food and liquids.
The alimentary canal, also known as the alimentary tract, is a component of the digestive (gastrointestinal) system.
The small intestine is the muscular tube that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Thus, the answer is small intestine.
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In humans, mitochondrial genetic disorders are inherited from only the mother. The severity of such diseases can vary greatly, even within a single family. What form of inheritance does this represent?.
In humans, mitochondrial genetic disorders are inherited from only the mother. The severity of such diseases can vary greatly, even within a single family. This form of inheritance represents cytoplasmic inheritance.
In the field of genetics, we can describe cytoplasmic inheritance as a kind of inheritance where genes that are present in the cell, other than the nucleus, are transmitted from the parent to the offspring.
In humans, mitochondria are the organelles known to have their own genetic material.
During fertilization, the mitochondria found in the male sperm are destroyed by the egg cell present in the female body.
Hence, mitochondrial genes are transferred to an offspring from the mother only. Any kind of disorders or diseases linked to the female mitochondrial genes has the probability to be passed on to the offspring.
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How does the law of conservation apply to nutrient cycles?
Answer:
Matter can change form through physical and chemical changes, but through any of these changes matter is conserved. The same amount of matter exists before and after the change—none is created or destroyed. This concept is called the Law of Conservation of Mass
Explanation:
the organs for taste receptors are called , most of which are found associated with .
The organs for taste receptors are called taste buds papillae.
What are taste buds papillae?
They are known as papillae and the majority of them have taste buds. The tiny hairs on taste buds, known as microvilli, are extremely sensitive (say: mye-kro-VILL-eye). You can tell if something is sweet, sour, bitter, or salty because those little hairs communicate with the brain about how it tastes.
On the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, upper esophagus, cheek, and epiglottis are little structures called as papillae that house the taste receptors. The five components of taste perception—saltiness, sourness, bitterness, sweetness, and umami—are detected by these structures.
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what adaptions are found in fish and ducks
please answer my question I will give you mark as brilliant answer pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls
Answer:
fish have a streamlined body and papers toward the inners they have fins that tells science is used to move towards and the and the scale which are Boni protect the soft bodies of fish breath through gives that's A web shooted do not have blood vessels in their feet their feather are waterproof and a special glad that produces oil near the
the dead-box helicase ddx3 substitutes for the cap-binding protein eif4e to promote compartmentalized translation initiation of the hiv-1 genomic rna
beta glucan induces proliferation and activation of monocytes in peripheral blood of patients with advanced breast cancer
Beta Glucans are the glucose of thr polymers that constitute the structural part of the fungal cell wall. They can also stimulate the innate of the immunity by activation of the monocytes/macrophages. In the human studies
it has been shown that the beta glucan has the immunomodulatory which effect and that can increase the efficacy of the biological therapies in the cancer patients. In this prospective the clinical trial we can assessed in the vivo effects of short term the oral beta glucan and administration on the peripheral blood monocytes and their expression was of activation and markers in patients with the advanced with breast cancer.
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cells in the body exist in an aqueous environment. they are constantly surrounded by water or a solution that contains water.
Answer:
A solution that contains water
Explanation:
it contains 90% water however it still contains other forms of liquids and stuff
What molecule is the source of the oxygen that is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis?.
Answer:.....................................
Explanation:
From the circumstances of the verbal exchange depicted, what would best be called two themes of the story?
A impoverishment and understatementimpoverishment and understatement
B disease and overstatementdisease and overstatement
C death and humordeath and humor
D tragedy and slowly revealed truth
A impoverishment and understatement impoverishment and understatement
B disease and overstatement disease and overstatement
From the circumstances of the verbal exchange depicted, disease and overstatement disease and overstatement would be best called two themes of the story.
What is an overstatement?
while you use phrases to intensify your supposed that means, you are overstating. those phrases are not intended to be taken literally and are symbolic in nature. An overstatement additionally referred to as hyperbole, is a deliberate technique used to spotlight the importance of your claim. Overstating virtually method expressing "greater" of what you imply, whereas linguistic irony is announcing the "opposite" of what you mean. anything that a individual is feeling can be amplified by means of overstatement.
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What are the structures and stage of mitosis?
Today, mitosis is understood to involve five phases, based on the physical state of the chromosomes and spindle. These phases are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
How is the nuclear membrane like the cell membrane?
Answer:
because they have similar
Explanation:
functiona and stucture
Answer:
So basically, the critical function of the nuclear membranes is to act as a barrier that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Like other cell membranes, the nuclear membranes are phospholipid bilayers, which are permeable only to small nonpolar molecules.
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what virus only affects bacteria
Answer: Bacteriophages (phages)
Explanation:
Which statement accurately describes
the concept of "nobility of virtue"?
A. Character or behavior is more important than the
status of one's birth.
B. One's birth should limit the paths available to them.
C. Only those of noble birth had the free time to pursue
virtue.
D. Only those who were the most just and righteous
should be awarded positions of nobility.
Answer:
C. This is based off of inherited virtue. Meaning that nobility was believed to be inherited through blood! Hope this helps!
Answer:
it’s A
Explanation:
which of the statements is true of the gastric cavity of cnidarians? digestive enzymes released into the gastric cavity allow the consumption of whole prey such as fish. egestion occurs through an anus opposite the mouth opening. digestion takes place in the stomach after storage in the gastric cavity.
This sentence is true in the case of gastric cavity of cnidarians - digestive enzymes released into the gastric cavity allow the consumption of whole prey such as fish.
Extracellular digestion is carried out by cnidarians, in which the cells that line the gastrovascular canal receive the nutrients and enzymes split down the food particles. With only one opening, the gastrovascular cavity that doubles as both the mouth and the anus in cnidarians acts as their only digestive system. There is only one entrance in the central gastro-vascular cavity, which serves as both a mouth and a drain for waste. Digestion occurs both within and outside of cells.
Cnidarians consume food through their lips, and the coelenteron then breaks it down. Waste products are subsequently eliminated either via the mouth or via cell surface via water circulation, while nutrients are then sent to other parts of the body for use.
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saliba kj, et al. nutrient acquisition by intracellular apicomplexan parasites: staying in for dinner. international journal for parasitology. 2001 oct 1;31(12):1321-30
Nutrient acquisition by intracellular apicomplexan parasites: staying in for dinner is a research paper published by KJ Saliba in the international journal for parasitology on oct 2001.
What is the abstract of this research paper?The apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Eimeria all have intracellular versions that are housed in parasitophorous vacuoles. The host cell, which then absorbs these substances from the extracellular milieu, provides these intracellular parasites with the nutrition they need to support their rapid pace of growth and replication.
The host cell membrane, the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, and the parasite plasma membrane are the first three membranes that solutes passing from the exterior medium to the inside of the parasite encounter. Each embodies a possible permeability barrier that needs to be either overcome or circumvented. The focus of this review is on the methods through which this happens.
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Calculate the amount of biomass you would expect to find at the producer level if the secondary consumer level of an ecosystem had 100kg of biomass.
The amount of biomass you would expect to find at the producer level is 10000 kg.
How much amount of biomass is transferred from one trophic level?We know that only 10 percent of biomass is transferred from one trophic level whereas 90 percent of biomass is release in the form of heat energy. There is 10000 amount of biomass you would expect at the producer level if the secondary consumer level of an ecosystem had 100kg of biomass because we know that only 10 percent of biomass is transferred from one trophic level to another trophic level. The first trophic level is producer whereas the primary consumer is second trophic level and secondary consumer is the third trophic level.
We can conclude that the amount of biomass you would expect to find at the producer level is 10000 kg.
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Two strands of dna within the double helix are said to be complementary to each other because on one strand always pairs with thymine on the opposite strand, and cytosine on one strand always pairs with on the opposite strand. True or false?.
True, Two strands of DNA within the double helix are said to be complementary to each other because on one strand Adenine always pairs with thymine on the opposite strand, and cytosine on one strand always pairs with Guanine on the opposite strand.
DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA, seems to be the molecule that contains the genetic material necessary for an organism's growth and operation. The structure of DNA is a double helix, which is made up of two connected strands that loop around one another to form a twisted ladder.
Nucleotide- The fundamental component of nucleic acids is called a nucleotide (RNA and DNA). The components of a nucleotide are a simple sugar (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group, and a base that contains nitrogen. Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Uracil, and Cytosine are the Nucleotide.
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copper amalgam used for filling primary teeth may impart a(n) color. group of answer choices bluish-black orange bluish-green brown
Copper amalgam used for filling primary teeth may impart a bluish green color.
In dentistry, copper alloy mixture is indispensable for tooth decay due to chemical and physical characteristics.
Copper amalgam - an alloy of copper that is composed of 22–32% silver, 8% zinc, 50% mercury and 14% tin.
Traditionally, copper along with silver and tin has immense importance as a dental alloy.
It enhances the compressive strength of the filling material and setting contraction as well.
Generally, amalgam of copper is used for filing tooth and is most effective, sound and safe treatment for tooth cavities.
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melissa's child was born with an extra chromosome, resulting in down syndrome. this is an example of:
melissa's child was born with an extra chromosome, resulting in down syndrome. this is an example of
Mutation
What is Mutation?
A mutation is a change to an organism's DNA sequence. Errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or viral infection can all cause mutations.
Somatic mutations (which happen in body cells) cannot be passed on to offspring, whereas germline mutations (which happen in eggs and sperm) can.
Hollywood has used the term "mutation" to describe a variety of biological processes, but in reality, it simply refers to a mistake that occurs during the copying of DNA.
Some of that is merely the background noise that DNA copying is imperfect, which is something to be thankful for since without it, evolution would not be possible.
However, factors like radiation or toxins can also cause mutation in a way that raises the chance of malignancies or birth problems. But it's actually rather easy; the DNA sequence has essentially been intentionally misspelled. That is a change.
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the pizza that you ate for lunch is being digested. summarize what happens to it in your stomach.(1 point)
I ate a pizza, which my stomach then churned and mixed with gastric acid and digestive enzymes.
What happened after I ate the pizza? Summarize.Despite a few exceptions, the most of pizza's include a lot of calories, sugar, and sodium. They frequently have excessive fat, extra sugar, and artificial preservatives. They are also heavily processed.
French bread style and packed crust varieties can add even more calories, as can selecting toppings like sausage, additional cheese, and other high-calorie foods.
The stomach is a digestive system organ that stores and processes food. It is situated between the intestine and the esophagus. After passing through the esophagus, the food enters the stomach, where it is digested to remove the nutrients with the aid of the digestive enzymes and gastric acid released by the stomach.
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Answer:
I have that same question on my bio assignment also... but i think the answer is "the pizza is churned, mixing it with digestive enzymes and gastric acid?
Explanation:
Complete this hypothesis statement:
If a plant receives more water,