Withdrawing heat from a solution of two gases will lower the temperature, affecting the probability of a successful reaction on a per-collision basis.
When temperature decreases, the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules also decreases. Consequently, the molecules move slower, resulting in fewer collisions between them. This reduces the chances of successful reactions occurring during each collision.
Moreover, a lower temperature means that the energy barrier for a reaction, known as activation energy, becomes relatively higher compared to the average kinetic energy of the molecules. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur.
The reaction rate, which is the speed at which a reaction proceeds, is influenced by temperature. The Arrhenius equation, which quantifies the relationship between temperature and reaction rate, shows that a decrease in temperature results in a slower reaction rate.
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of the following, which increases the solubility of a gas in a liquid? select the correct answer below: increased volume of the gas increased temperature decreased temperature decreased volume of the gas
The solubility of a gas in a liquid depends on several factors, such as the nature of the gas and the liquid, temperature, and pressure.
According to Henry’s law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. This means that as the pressure of the gas increases, more gas molecules can dissolve in the liquid. Conversely, as the pressure of the gas decreases, less gas molecules can dissolve in the liquid.
Therefore, out of the four options given, the decreased temperature is the correct answer. Decreased temperature increases the solubility of a gas in a liquid because it reduces the kinetic energy of the gas molecules, making them less likely to escape from the liquid surface. Increased temperature decreases the solubility of a gas in a liquid because it increases the kinetic energy of the gas molecules, making them more likely to escape from the liquid surface. Increased or decreased volume of the gas does not affect its solubility in a liquid, as long as its partial pressure remains constant.
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1)
2)
Types of Chemical Reaction Worksheet
A. Balance the reactions 1 to 6 and indicate which type of chemical reaction
(synthesis, decomposition, single-displacement, double- displacement or
combustion) is being represented:
3)
4)
5)
6)
―
C₂H₂ +
C₂H18 +
FeCl3 +
P+
HNO3 +
-
-
O₂ →
_0₂.
NaOH →
_ą₂ →
_H₂O + O₂ → H₂O₂
▬▬
2) Pb + FeSO,
CO₂ +
_P₂0₁
3) 2 BF, + 3 H₂O
CO₂ +
5) 2 Fe + O₂ +
H₂O
NaHCO3 → NaNO3 + H₂O + CO₂
H₂O
Fe(OH)3 +
NaCl
B. Identify the type of reaction as synthesis, decomposition,
single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion:
1) Na,PO, + 3 KOH
→3 NaOH + K,PO,
PbSO, + Fe
- B₂0, + 6 HF
4) 2 AI + 6 HCI 2 AICI, + 3 H₂
Reaction Type:
Reaction Type:
Reaction Type:
2 H₂O2 Fe(OH),
Reaction Type:
Reaction Type:
Reaction Type:
the ele
A. Balanced reactions and reaction type is given below as asked in question above :
C₂H₂ + 5 O₂ → 4 CO₂ + 2 H₂O (combustion)
2 NaOH + Cl₂ → NaCl + NaClO + H₂O (double-displacement)
Fe + 2 HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂ (single-displacement)
P₄ + 5 O₂ → P₄O₁₀ (synthesis)
2 Fe + 2 NaOH + H₂O → 2 Fe(OH)₂ + 2 Na⁺ (double-displacement)
2 NaHCO₃ → 2 NaNO₃ + H₂O + 2 CO₂ (decomposition)
B. Reaction type:
3 Na₃PO₄ + K₃PO₄ → 6 NaOH + 2 K₃PO₄ (double-displacement)
PbSO₄ + Fe → Pb + FeSO₄ (single-displacement)
B₂O₃ + 6 HF → 2 BF₃ + 3 H₂O (double-displacement)
2 Al + 6 HCl → 2 AlCl₃ + 3 H₂ (single-displacement)
2 H₂O₂ → O₂ + 2 H₂O (decomposition)
Fe(OH)₃ + 3 NaCl → FeCl₃ + 3 NaOH (double-displacement)
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The compound ammonium hydrogen carbonate is a strong electrolyte. Write the reaction when solid ammonium hydrogen carbonate is put into water.
Include states of matter.
When solid ammonium hydrogen carbonate is added to water, the following process occurs: (NH₄)HCO₃(s) NH₄+(aq) + HCO₃-(aq).
What happens when water is added to rigid ammonium carbonate?When dissolved in water, the soluble ionic compound ammonium carbonate (NH₄)2CO₃ fully dissociates into ammonium cations (NH⁺⁴) and carbonate anions (CO₂). All is well so far. The hydrolysis of the ammonium ion produces ammonia, NH₃, and hydronium ions, H₃O+.
What happens when ammonium hydrogen carbonate decomposes?The balanced equation states that warmth causes ammonium carbonate to break down: NH₃(g) + CO₂(g) + H₂O = (NH₄)2CO₃(s)( g) Determine the total volume of gas created by the full breakdown of 11.83 g of ammonium carbonate at 22 °C and 1.02 atm.
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can you sketch the titration curve when you use 0.1 m hcl to titrate the disodium salt of the iu unknown sample, expressed as na2a in the generic form?
The pKa value of the unknown weak acid is approximately 5.5.
The titration curve shows the relationship between the volume of HCl added and the pH of the solution. At the beginning of the titration, the pH is relatively high and changes slowly with the addition of HCl. This indicates that the solution contains a weak acid, since strong acids would have a low pH and add rapidly with small amounts of HCl. As more HCl is added, the pH decreases more rapidly, indicating that the solution is becoming more acidic.
The equivalence point occurs at a volume of approximately 25 mL, where the pH is 4.3. This indicates that the solution is now composed primarily of the conjugate acid of the weak acid, since the pH is less than 7. The pKa value of the weak acid can be determined by finding the point on the titration curve where pH=pKa. In this case, the pKa value is approximately 5.5.
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--The complete question is, A 0.250 g sample of an unknown weak acid, represented as HA, is dissolved in water and titrated with 0.1 M HCl. The pH of the solution is monitored throughout the titration, and the data is used to create the following titration curve. What is the pKa value of the unknown weak acid?--
which statements are correct regarding a vacuum filtration? (check all that apply.) group of answer choices a short-stem funnel can be used for a vacuum filtration. the solution cannot be too acidic or too basic when using filter paper. no filter paper is needed when using a hirsch funnel. vacuum filtration works well with boiling solutions. the size of the funnel must be adjusted based on the quantities being handled. g
The correct option is A and E. A short-stem funnel can be used for vacuum filtration. and the dimensions of the funnel need to be adjusted primarily based at the quantities being treated.
Filtration is a commonly used separation technique in chemistry that involves the physical separation of solid particles from a liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a filter medium. The filter medium is usually a porous material, such as paper, glass wool, or a membrane, that allows the liquid or gas to pass through while trapping the solid particles.
Filtration is used in a wide range of applications, including water purification, air purification, and the separation of solid and liquid phases in chemical reactions. In analytical chemistry, filtration is often used to separate solid precipitates from a solution to isolate and analyze the desired product. Filtration can be performed using a variety of different filter media and techniques, including gravity filtration, vacuum filtration, and pressure filtration.
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Complete Question:
which statements are correct regarding a vacuum filtration? (take a look at all that practice.) institution of answer choices
A). a brief-stem funnel may be used for a vacuum filtration.
B). the answer can not be too acidic or too basic while using filter paper.
C). no filter out paper is wanted whilst the usage of a hirsch funnel.
D). vacuum filtration works nicely with boiling solutions.
E). the dimensions of the funnel need to be adjusted primarily based at the quantities being treated.
What are two central ideas of the passage?
Choose 2 answers:
B
E
A book and movie helped Katherine Johnson become a household
name.
Southern schools need to accept students of all genders and races.
African American women, including Katherine Johnson, played a key
role in NASA's early success-despite facing significant racism.
Gender discrimination in the 1960s discouraged Katherine Johnson
and her female colleagues from pursuing math careers.
Hard work and determination enabled Katherine Johnson to
overcome challenges.
Katherine Johnson used intelligence and courage to become an
astronaut.
The text makes clear that Johnson was always devoted to arithmetic by emphasizing her love of counting. a great deal, in size, scope, or importance.
How can I go into space?Astronaut aspirants must hold a master's degree, typically in a STEM subject. Along with these requirements, you must successfully complete two years of training and the challenging NASA physical. As a scientist, engineer, or astronomer, you can work in space.
What are the requirements to become an astronaut?The minimum educational requirements for astronauts include a master's degree and two years of related job experience. A thousand hours of pilot-in-command experience is also an option. A very competitive and selective career path is becoming an astronaut.
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Which statement illustrates the difference between a chemical reaction and a nuclear reaction?
A: A nuclear reaction releases more energy per gram and appears to violate the law of conservation of mass.
B: A nuclear reaction releases less energy per gram and appears to violate the law of conservation of mass.
C: A nuclear reaction releases more energy per gram but does not appear to violate the law of conservation of mass.
D: A nuclear reaction releases less energy per gram but does not appear to violate the law of conservation of mass.
I will give the crown.
Answer:
Which statement illustrates the difference between a chemical reaction and a nuclear reaction?
Explanation:
Which statement illustrates the difference between a chemical reaction and a nuclear reaction?
(b) if you began with 7.0 ml of 0.11 m nahco3, how many ml of your choice from (a) would you need to add to get a ph 7 buffer?
6.55 ml of [tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex] should be added to get a pH 7 buffer. This is calculated using the expression of pH.
Volume of [tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex] is 7.5ml
Concentration of [tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex] is 0.46M
Concentration of HCL is 0.10M
Volume of HCL needed taken as y.
We have to find the initial moles of [tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex] moles= molarity × volume
0.46×7.5 / 1000 = 0.00345 moles
We have to find the moles of HCL added
0.1 × y / 1000=0.0001 y moles
[tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex]+HCl→H2CO3+NaCl
The number of moles for[tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex] left = (0.00345−0.0001y)
The number of moles for HCL formed = number of moles for HCL added = 0.0001y
PH= pka1 + log [tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex]] / [[tex]H2CO_{3}[/tex]]
7 = 6.37 + log ( 0.00345−0.0001y) / 0.00001y
The volume of the 0.10 M HCL= y = 6.55 ml.
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What pressure is required to compress 198 L of air at 2.5atm into a cylinder whose volume is 35 L?
The pressure required to compress 198 L of air at 2.5 atm into a cylinder whose volume is 35 L is approximately 14.14 atm.
We can use Boyle's law, which states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at a constant temperature, to solve this problem. The equation for Boyle's law is:
P1V1 = P2V2
where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume of the gas, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume of the gas.
In this problem, we have:
P1 = 2.5 atm (the initial pressure of the air)
V1 = 198 L (the initial volume of the air)
V2 = 35 L (the final volume of the air, after compression)
We need to find P2, the final pressure of the air after compression. To do so, we can rearrange Boyle's law equation to solve for P2:
P2 = P1V1/V2
Substituting the values given, we get:
P2 = 2.5 atm x 198 L / 35 L
P2 = 14.14 atm (rounded to two decimal places)
The pressure required to compress 198 L of air at 2.5 atm into a cylinder whose volume is 35 L is approximately 14.14 atm.
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what is the retention factor for the blue spot? photo shows: red spot (0.3 cm), yellow spot (1.5 cm), green spot (4.8 cm), blue spot (5.1 cm), solvent front (5.8 cm)
Ink's RF values are computed. Blue Ink has an average retention factor Rf value of 0.82 in 15 minutes, 0.87 in 30 minutes, and 0.86 in 60 minutes at room temperature.
The ratio of the spot's elevation above the origin to the solvent front's elevation above the origin is the retention factor for a given substance.
The identification and properties of the various compounds can be established using the Rf values. Since more polar chemicals have a larger attraction for the polar solid phase, they will have smaller Rf values.
The retention factor (Rf value) in chromatography is significant because it can be used to anticipate where a specific material would appear on the chromatogram.
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write the electorn configuration for lead (pb), abbreviating with the appropriate noble-gas inner core.
The shorthand notation using the noble gas inner core is:
Pb: [Xe] 4f^14 5d^10 6s^2 6p^2
The atomic number of lead (Pb) is 82, which means it has 82 electrons. To write the electron configuration of Pb, we first determine the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas, which is xenon (Xe) with the electron configuration [Kr] 4d^10 5s^2 5p^6.
We then add the remaining electrons for Pb:
Pb: [Xe] 4f^14 5d^10 6s^2 6p^2
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100 POINTS! Help please!
Which quantity contains Avogadro's number of molecules?
Question 5 options:
44.0 g of CO2
20.0 g of NH3
9.01 g of H2O
108.0 g of H2SO4
Answer:
A) 44.0 g of CO₂
Explanation:
What is Avogadro's number?Avogadro's number is a constant that represents the number of particles in one mole of a substance. It is defined as exactly 6.02214076 × 10²³ particles per mole.
To determine which quantity contains Avogadro's number of molecules, calculate the molar mass of each compound, then use the number of molecules formula to find the number of molecules of the substance.
[tex]\boxed{\begin{minipage}{7 cm}\underline{Number of molecules}\\\\$\dfrac{m}{M} \times 6.02214076 \times 10^{23}$\\\\where:\\\phantom{ww}$\bullet$ $M =$ molar mass.\\ \phantom{ww}$\bullet$ $m =$ mass of a substance (in grams)\\\end{minipage}}[/tex]
[tex]\hrulefill[/tex]
Carbon dioxideCO₂ is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom (C) and two oxygen atoms (O₂).
Atomic mass of carbon is 12.011 amu.
Atomic mass of oxygen is 15.999 amu.
Therefore, the molar mass of CO₂ is:
= C + 2O
= 12.011 + 2 × 15.999
= 44.009 g/mol
Given there is 44.0 g of CO₂, the number of molecules of CO₂ is:
[tex]\implies \dfrac{44}{44.009}\times 6.02214076 \times 10^{23}=6.02 \times 10^{23}[/tex]
[tex]\hrulefill[/tex]
AmmoniaNH₃ is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have one nitrogen atom (N) and three hydrogen atoms (H₃).
Atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0067 amu.
Atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.00784 amu.
Therefore, the molar mass of NH₃ is:
= N + 3H
= 14.0067 + 3 × 1.00784
= 17.03022 g/mol
Given there is 20.0 g of NH₃, the number of molecules of NH₃ is:
[tex]\implies \dfrac{20}{17.03022}\times 6.02214076 \times 10^{23}=7.07 \times 10^{23}[/tex]
[tex]\hrulefill[/tex]
WaterH₂O is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have two hydrogen atoms (H₂) and one oxygen atom (O).
Atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.00784 amu.
Atomic mass of oxygen is 15.999 amu.
Therefore, the molar mass of H₂O is:
= 2H + O
= 2 × 1.00784 + 15.999
= 18.01468 g/mol
Given there is 9.01 g of H₂O, the number of molecules of H₂O is:
[tex]\implies \dfrac{9.01}{18.01468}\times 6.02214076 \times 10^{23}=3.01 \times10^{23}[/tex]
[tex]\hrulefill[/tex]
Sulphuric AcidH₂SO₄ is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have two hydrogen atoms (H₂), one sulphur atom (S) and four oxygen atoms (O).
Atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.00784 amu.
Atomic mass of sulphur is 32.065 amu.
Atomic mass of oxygen is 15.999 amu.
Therefore, the molar mass of H₂SO₄ is:
= 2H + S + 4O
= 2 × 1.00784 + 1 × 32.065 + 4 × 15.999
= 98.07668 g/mol
Given there is 108.0 g of H₂SO₄, the number of molecules of H₂SO₄ is:
[tex]\implies \dfrac{108.0}{98.07668}\times 6.02214076 \times 10^{23}=6.63 \times 10^{23}[/tex]
[tex]\hrulefill[/tex]
Conclusion44.0 g of CO₂ = 6.02 × 10²³ molecules (3 s.f.)
20.0 g of NH₃ = 7.07 × 10²³ molecules (3 s.f.)
9.01 g of H₂O = 3.01 × 10²³ molecules (3 s.f.)
108.0 g of H₂SO₄ = 6.63 × 10²³ molecules (3 s.f.)
As Avogadro's number of molecules is 6.02 × 10²³ to three significant figures, the quantity that contains the same number of molecules is:
44.0 g of CO₂The quantity that contains Avogadro's number of molecules is 44.0 g of CO₂. Therefore, option A is correct.
Avogadro's number is a constant that represents the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) in one mole of a substance. It is equal to 6.022 × 10²³.
CO₂ (carbon dioxide) has a molar mass of approximately 44.01 g/mol. Therefore, 44.0 g of CO₂ corresponds to 1 mole of CO₂, which contains Avogadro's number of molecules.
NH₃ (ammonia) has a molar mass of 17.03 g/mol. Therefore, 20.0 g of NH₃ corresponds to 1.17 moles of NH₃, which is less than Avogadro's number of molecules.
H₂O (water) has a molar mass of 18.02 g/mol. Therefore, 9.01 g of H₂O corresponds to 0.5 moles of H₂O, which is less than Avogadro's number of molecules.
Sulfuric acid has a molar mass of 98.09 g/mol. Therefore, 108.0 g of H₂SO₄ corresponds to 1.1 moles of H₂SO₄, which is less than Avogadro's number of molecules.
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18 Calculate For a more difficult training session, the
mass to be pushed is increased to 165 kg. If the
players still push with a force of 150 N, what is the
acceleration of the object?
Use Newton's law:
F = ma
150 N =
F = ma
a = F/m
a = 150N/165kg
a = 0.909 m/s²
8 FeS (s)
8 Fe + S8 (s)
Given: 1.5 moles Fes produced
Wanted: grams of Ss reacted? [-]
1.5 mol FeS x
->>
1 mol Sg
X
8 mol FeS
256.53 g Sa
1 mol Sg
48.18 g of S8 were generated in this reaction. If 1 mole of Fe and 8 moles of S combine to form 8 moles of FeS.
How is the mass of S8 determined?The reaction's balanced chemical equation is 8 FeS (s) + S8 → 8 FeS. (s)
1 mole S8 divided by 8 moles FeS yields 0.1875 moles S8.
We must utilize S8's molar mass to convert moles to grams. S8 has the following molar mass: 8 32.06 g/mol = 256.48 g/mol
The mass of S8 that was involved in the reaction is as follows: 0.1875 moles S8 256.48 g/mol = 48.18 g S8 (rounded to two significant figures)
The response is 48.18 g.
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a precipitate of lead(ii)chloride forms when 200.0 mg of nacl is dissolved in 0.250 l of 0.12 m lead(ii)nitrate. true or false? ksp of pbcl2 is 1.7 x 10-5
The given statement "A precipitate of lead(ii)chloride forms when 200.0 mg of NaCl is dissolved in 0.250 l of 0.12 m lead(ii)nitrate" is true because the ion product, Q, exceeds the solubility product constant, Ksp, for lead(II) chloride.
The first step in solving this problem is to determine whether or not a precipitate of lead(II) chloride will form. This can be done by calculating the ion product, Q, and comparing it to the solubility product, Ksp.
The balanced equation for the reaction is:
Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2NaCl → PbCl₂ + 2NaNO₃
From the equation, we can see that 1 mol of Pb(NO₃)₂ reacts with 2 mol of NaCl to form 1 mol of PbCl₂. Therefore, the moles of Pb(NO₃)₂ in the solution are:
0.12 mol/L x 0.250 L = 0.030 mol
The moles of NaCl in the solution are:
(200.0 mg / 58.44 g/mol) / 0.250 L = 0.0136 mol
Since there are 2 moles of NaCl for every 1 mole of Pb(NO₃)₂, the limiting reactant is NaCl, and all of it will react. This means that 0.0136 mol of PbCl₂ will be formed.
Now, we can calculate the ion product, Q, using the concentrations of Pb²⁺ and Cl⁻ ions in the solution:
[Pb²⁺] = 0.0136 mol / 0.250 L = 0.0544 M
[Cl⁻] = 2 x 0.0136 mol / 0.250 L = 0.109 M
Q = [Pb²⁺][Cl⁻]² = 0.0544 M x (0.109 M)² = 0.000654
Since Q < Ksp, a precipitate of PbCl² will form.
This problem involves the use of the solubility product, Ksp, which is a measure of the maximum amount of a compound that can dissolve in a solution at a given temperature. If the ion product, Q, exceeds Ksp, a precipitate will form.
In this case, we are given the Ksp of PbCl₂, which is 1.7 x 10⁻⁵. We are also given the concentration of Pb(NO₃)₂ and the mass of NaCl, from which we can calculate its concentration. Using these values, we can determine the moles of PbCl₂ that will be formed and the concentrations of Pb²⁺ and Cl⁻ ions in the solution. Finally, we calculate Q and compare it to Ksp to determine whether or not a precipitate will form.
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what compound is the cofactor in the reaction shown? vitamin k warfarin heparin vwf tissue plasminogen activator
The cofactor in the reaction shown is Vitamin K. Option 1 is correct.
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in blood clotting. It is required for the post-translational modification of certain proteins involved in blood coagulation, including prothrombin and factors VII, IX, and X. These proteins require a specific type of chemical modification, known as gamma-carboxylation, in order to be fully functional. Vitamin K serves as a cofactor for the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction.
Without adequate levels of vitamin K, blood clotting can be impaired, leading to increased bleeding and bruising. Conversely, excess vitamin K can interfere with certain medications used to prevent blood clots, such as warfarin. In summary, vitamin K is an essential cofactor in the blood coagulation cascade, and deficiencies or excesses can have significant clinical implications. Option 1 is correct.
The complete question is
What compound is the cofactor in the reaction shown?
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1) How many moles of gas occupy 58 L at a pressure of 1.55 atmospheres and a temperature of 222
K?
To find the moles of the gas , we can use the ideal gas law. Which states -
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\star\longrightarrow \sf \underline{PV=nRT} \\[/tex]
Where:-
P is the pressure measured in atmospheres V is the volume measured in litersn is the number of moles.R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹).T is the temperature measured in kelvin.As per question, we are given that-
P=1.55 atmV= 58 LT = 222 KR = 0.08206 L atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹Now that we have all the required values, so we can put them all in the Ideal gas law formula and solve for moles -
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\star\longrightarrow \sf \underline{PV=nRT} \\[/tex]
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf 1.55 \times 58 = n \times 0.0821 \times 222\\[/tex]
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf 89.9 = n \times 18.2262\\[/tex]
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf n \times 18.2262 =89.9\\[/tex]
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf n = \dfrac{89.9}{18.2262}\\[/tex]
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf n =4.9324......\\[/tex]
[tex]\:\:\:\:\:\: \:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf \underline{n =4.93 \:moles }\\[/tex]
Therefore, 4.93 moles of gas will be occupied 58 L at a pressure of 1.55 atmospheres and a temperature of 222 k
a 19.0 ml sample of a 0.455 m aqueous hypochlorous acid solution is titrated with a 0.433 m aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. what is the ph at the start of the titration, before any potassium hydroxide has been added?
The pH of the 19.0 mL sample of 0.455 M aqueous hypochlorous acid solution is approximately 4.49.
To determine the pH at the start of the titration, before any potassium hydroxide has been added, we can use the following steps:
1. Identify the given information:
- Volume of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution = 19.0 mL
- Molarity of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution = 0.455 M
2. Write the dissociation reaction for hypochlorous acid:
HOCl ⇌ H+ + OCl-
3. Use the Ka expression to calculate the pH:
Ka = [H+][OCl-] / [HOCl]
For hypochlorous acid, Ka = 3.5 x 10^-8
4. Set up an ICE table:
Initial: 0.455 M 0 M 0 M
Change: -x +x +x
Equilibrium: 0.455-x M x M x M
5. Substitute the values into the Ka expression:
(3.5 x 10^-8) = (x)(x) / (0.455 - x)
6. Solve for x (assuming x is small compared to 0.455, so 0.455 - x ≈ 0.455):
x = √((3.5 x 10^-8) * 0.455) ≈ 3.22 x 10^-5 M
7. Calculate the pH:
pH = -log[H+] = -log(3.22 x 10^-5) ≈ 4.49
At the start of the titration, before any potassium hydroxide has been added, the pH of the 19.0 mL sample of 0.455 M aqueous hypochlorous acid solution is approximately 4.49.
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In the fractional distillation of liquid air: a why is the air compressed and expanded? b why is argon obtained before oxygen?
Answer: carbon dioxide
Explanation:During separation of air by fractional distillation method, air undergoes compression by increasing the pressure and cooling by decreasing the temperature. After this point air gets converted into a liquid state and the carbon dioxide present in the air, converted into a solid form which is known as dry ice and separated at this point of time.
calculate the density of a cube that measures 72g and all sides of the cube measure 2cm
The density of a cube that measures 72g and all sides of the cube measure 2cm is [tex]9000kg/m^3.[/tex]
Given the mass of cube (m) = 72g = 0.072kg
The length of side of cube (a) = 2cm = 0.02m
Let the density of cube = d
The density of a cube can be calculated by dividing the mass (in grams) by the volume (in cubic centimeters). The volume of a cube can be calculated by cubing the length of one side.
The volume of cube is measured as [tex](V) = a^3[/tex] then:
[tex]V = (0.02)^3 = 8 * 10^{-6}m^3[/tex]
We know that the density is calculated as mass per unit volume such that d = m/V
[tex]d = 0.072kg/8 * 10^{-6}m^3 = 9 *10^{3}kg/m^3[/tex]
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step 1: identify the reaction that occurs. the starting material is a carboxylic acid. carboxylic acids react with alcohols in acid to form what functional group? the product will be:
The reaction that occurs when the starting material is a carboxylic acid is called esterification. carboxylic acids react with alcohols in acid to form the functional group ester.
Esterification is a chemical process which involves the combination of two reactants (usually an alcohol and an acid) to form ester as the end product. Esters are organic compounds, also found in biological materials, and they have a distinctive, fruity smell.
The process of making ester involves combining a carboxylic acid with an excess of an alcohol while using a tiny amount of a strong acid, like conc. H₂SO₄, as a catalyst. Esterification reaction is a reversible reaction, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction is often close to 1. Numerous strategies can be employed to raise the yield of ester because it is a reversible reaction .
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tech a says that carbon monoxide is partially burned fuel. tech b says that oxides of nitrogen are unburned fuel. who is correct?
Neither Tech A nor Tech B is correct in their statements about carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas that is produced when fuel is incompletely burned, meaning that there is not enough oxygen present to fully oxidize the carbon in the fuel to carbon dioxide (CO₂). Therefore, Tech A is incorrect in saying that carbon monoxide is partially burned fuel. Instead, carbon monoxide is a product of incomplete combustion.
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are a group of gases that are formed during the combustion of fuels at high temperatures. They are not unburned fuel, but rather a product of chemical reactions between the nitrogen and oxygen in the air when exposed to high heat during combustion. Therefore, Tech B is also incorrect in saying that oxides of nitrogen are unburned fuel.
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Which expression could represent the concentration of a solution
1-3.5 g
2-3.5 M
3-3.5 mL
4-3.5 mol
a student has 0.400l of a 2.50m hcl solution. they dilute it to 0.900l. what is the new hcl concentration?
The new HCL concentration is 1.11. Mathematically, concentration is calculated by dividing the mass, moles, or volume of the solute by the mass, moles, or volume of the solution (or, less commonly, the solvent).
(2.50) * (0.400) = (M₂) * (0.900)
(2.50 * 0.400) / 0.900 = M₂
(2.50 * 4) / 9 = M₂
1.11 = M₂
Both hydrogen chloride gas and aqueous hydrochloric acid are referred to as HCl. The reaction between hydrogen and chlorine produces the colourless gas known as hydrogen chloride. When it comes into contact with ambient humidity, it emits white vapours of hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid is a potent mineral acid that has a wide range of industrial applications. Gastric acid naturally contains hydrochloric acid. In technology and industry, hydrochloric acid and hydrogen chloride gas are crucial.
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with the data collected, can the stoichiometry of the reaction between sodium phosphate and calcium chloride be determined?
Sodium phosphate and calcium chloride reacts to form sodium chloride and calcium phosphate. If we have 379.4 grams of calcium chloride and an excess of sodium phosphate, we can make 353.3g of calcium phosphate.
The balanced chemical equation of sodium phosphate and calcium chloride to form sodium chloride and calcium phosphate is given as
2Na₃PO₄ + 3CaCl₂ → 6NaCl + Ca₃(PO₄)₂
We will convert given grams of calcium chloride into moles.
Using mol ratio, the moles of calcium phosphate are calculated and converted to grams as:
we know that,
Molar mass of calcium chloride is 110.98 gram /mol
And molar mass of calcium phosphate is 310 gram/mol.
By using dimensional analysis we get:
=379.4 g CaCl₂ (1 mol CaCl₂/ 110.98gCaCl₂)(1 molCa₃(PO₄)₂/3 molCaCl₂ )(310gCa₃(PO₄)₂/1 mol Ca₃(PO₄)₂)
=353.3 g Ca₃(PO₄)₂
Thus, 353.3 grams of calcium phosphate can be formed from the reaction
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The complete question should be:
Sodium phosphate and calcium chloride react to form sodium chloride and calcium phosphate. If you have 379.4 grams of calcium chloride and an excess of sodium phosphate, how much calcium phosphate can you make?
suppose that daniel has a 2.50 2.50 l bottle that contains a mixture of o2 o 2 , n2 n 2 , and co2 co 2 under a total pressure of 4.50 4.50 atm. he knows that the mixture contains 0.270 0.270 mol n2 n 2 and that the partial pressure of co2 co 2 is 0.250 0.250 atm. if the temperature is 273 273 k, what is the partial pressure of o2 o 2 ?
The partial pressure of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] is 2.53 atm which is calculated using the Ideal gas law.
We can use the ideal gas law to find the total moles of gas present
PV = n RT
n = PV/RT
= (4.90 atm.) (3.00 L)/(0.0821 L atm. / K mole ) (273K)
n is the 0.656 moles of gas
Now we have to find the pressure of N2
mole fraction N2 = 0.270 mole/0.656 mole
= 0.412
Pressure of N2 gas is equals to,
= mole fraction x total pressure
= 0.412 x 4.90
= 2.02 atm.
We know that the total pressure = pressure O2 + pressure N2 + pressure CO2
Now we have to find the partial pressure O2.
= 4.90 atm. - 2.02 atm. - 0.350 atm.
= 2.53 atm.
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The correct question is,
Suppose that Daniel has a 3.00 L bottle that contains a mixture of O2 , N2 and CO2 under a total pressure of 4.90 atm. He knows that the mixture contains 0.270 mole N2 and that the partial pressure of CO2 is 0.350 atm. If the temperature is 273 K, what is the partial pressure of O2 ?
aniline, a weak base, reacts with water according to the reaction represented above. a. write the equilibrium constant expression, kb, for the reaction represented above. b. a sample of aniline is dissolved in water to produce 25.0 ml of a 0.10 m solution. the ph of the solution is 8.82. calculate the equilibrium constant, kb, for the reaction. c. the solution prepared in part (b) is titrated with 0.10 m hcl. calculate the ph of the solution when 5.0 ml of the acid has been added. d. calculate the ph at the equivalence point of the titration in part (c). e. the pka values for several indicators are given below. which of the indicators is most suitable for this titration? justify your answer. indicator pkb erythrosine 3 litmus 7 thymolphthalein 10
The equilibrium constant Kb for the reaction is 4.59 x 10^-10.
The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction between aniline and water is
Kb = [C6H5NH2][OH-] / [C6H5NH3+]
where [C6H5NH2] is the concentration of aniline, [OH-] is the concentration of hydroxide ions, and [C6H5NH3+] is the concentration of anilinium
The pOH of the solution can be calculated from the pH:
pH + pOH = 14
pOH = 14 - 8.82 = 5.1
The concentration of hydroxide ions can be calculated from the pOH:
pOH = -log[OH-]
[OH-] = 10^-5.18 = 6.91 x 10^-6 M
The concentration of aniline can be calculated from the molarity and volume of the solution:
n = C x V = 0.10 mol/L x 0.025 L = 2.5 x 10^-3 mol
[C6H5NH2] = n / V = 2.5 x 10^-3 mol / 0.025 L = 0.1 M
The concentration of anilinium ions can be calculated from the concentration of aniline and the concentration of hydroxide ions using the equilibrium constant expression:
Kb = [C6H5NH2][OH-] / [C6H5NH3+]
[C6H5NH3+] = [C6H5NH2][OH-] / Kb = (0.1 M)(6.91 x 10^-6 M) / Kb
Now we can use the equation for the ionization constant of water (Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14) to find the concentration of H+ ions:
Kw = [H+][OH-] = (1.0 x 10^-14) M^2 = ([C6H5NH3+])([OH-]) = (0.1 M)(6.91 x 10^-6 M)
[H+] = sqrt(Kw / [OH-]) = sqrt(1.0 x 10^-14 / 6.91 x 10^-6) = 1.51 x 10^-5 M
pH = -log[H+] = -log(1.51 x 10^-5) = 4.82
The equilibrium constant Kb can be calculated from the expression:
Kb = [C6H5NH2][OH-] / [C6H5NH3+]
Kb = (0.1 M)(6.91 x 10^-6 M) / (1.51 x 10^-5 M) = 4.59 x 10^-10
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what is the relationship between the number of moles (n) and volume? think in a balloon. is it a directly proportional or indirect relationship?
The relationship between the number of moles and volume is a fundamental concept in the study of gases and their behavior under various conditions.
The relationship between the number of moles (n) and volume (V) in a balloon can be described by the Ideal Gas Law, which states:
PV = nRT
Here, P represents pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature.
Therefore, the relationship between the number of moles (n) and volume (V) can be simplified to:
V = n (RT/P)
Since R, T, and P are constant values, the relationship between the number of moles (n) and volume (V) is directly proportional.
This means that as the number of moles in the balloon increases, the volume of the balloon also increases, and vice versa. Similarly, if the number of moles in the balloon decreases, the balloon will contract, resulting in a decrease in volume.
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how to determine δngas
The change in the number of moles of gas, Δn_gas, in a chemical reaction can be determined by comparing the total number of moles of gaseous reactants to the total number of moles of gaseous products.
To determine δn_gas (change in moles of gas) in a chemical reaction, follow these steps:
1. Write down the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.2. Identify the gas molecules on both the reactant and product sides of the equation.3. Determine the number of moles of gas on each side. This can be found using the coefficients in front of the gas molecules in the balanced equation.4. Calculate δn_gas by subtracting the total moles of gas on the reactant side from the total moles of gas on the product side.δn_gas = moles of gas (products) - moles of gas (reactants)
Remember to only consider the gaseous species when calculating δn_gas.
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how many milliliters of 0.0861 m koh are required to titrate 25.0 ml of 0.0729 m hcl to the equivalence point?
21.167 ml of 0.0861 m KOH are required to titrate 25.0 ml of 0.0729 m HCL to the equivalence point.
Neutralization reaction is defined as a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base reacts with each other. Basically it is explained as when a strong acid reacts with a strong base the resultant salt is neither acidic nor basic in nature which is called neutral. The balanced chemical equation for the neutralization reaction between KOH and HCL can be written as,
KOH +HCL → KCL + H₂O
The equivalence point of a chemical reaction is defined as the point at which chemically equivalent quantities of reactants of the reaction have been mixed together. For an neutralization reaction the equivalence point is where the moles of acid and the moles of base would neutralize each other as per the chemical reaction.
Moles of KOH is equals to moles of HCL.
Equivalent point of KOH = 0.0729 m * 25.0 ml / 0.0861 m
= 21.167 ml
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