developed a popular method for risk-adjusted performance evaluation of mutual funds. a. eugene fama b. michael jensen c. michael jensen, william sharpe, and jack treynor d. william sharpe e. jack treynor

The correct option is C i.e., when implementing a brand revitalization strategy, it is often necessary to begin by rebuilding customer trust.

An ideal client is somebody who appreciates your good or service and spreads their enthusiasm to others they know. This word-of-mouth advertising is a powerful asset for companies. When someone they trust suggests a new good or service, people are frequently more eager to give it a try.

The finest clients to upsell to are impulse buyers, and they are the second most desirable sector to target after loyal buyers. Impulse buyers make purchases on the spur of the moment without a predetermined shopping plan in mind. Also, impulse buyers are frequently open to product recommendations.

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The typical sources for gathering factual data for informal reports are electronic resources and interviews. Both options are correct.

An informal report is a document that summarizes the findings or results of an investigation or research. It's less structured and formal than a formal report, and it's typically used for internal communication, such as between team members or departments.

It can also be used for external communication, such as communicating with clients or customers. It's a flexible type of document that can take many different forms depending on the intended audience and purpose.

Electronic resources are a valuable tool for conducting research and gathering information for informal reports. They may include online databases, journals, websites, and other electronic sources of information. The internet is a vast source of information and it can provide quick access to the required data for your report.

Interviews are another useful source of factual data for informal reports. They involve speaking with someone who has knowledge of the subject matter and can provide insights and perspectives that may not be found through other means.

Therefore both options electronic resources and interviews are correct.

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The statement "the short run average total cost curve reaches it minimum value at an output level greater than that associated with the minimum value of average variable cost because it includes average fixed cost." is true.

Short run average total cost (SRATC) is the expense of producing each unit of output in the short run when all inputs, except for capital, are variable. It comprises both fixed and variable expenses. The average total cost (ATC) is the average cost of producing each unit of output, including all fixed and variable expenses.

When all inputs are variable, the ATC is equivalent to the SRATC. However, the short run average total cost curve reaches it minimum value at an output level greater than that associated with the minimum value of average variable cost because it includes average fixed cost.

When the output is reduced, the average fixed cost rises, resulting in an increase in the average total cost. As a result, the average total cost curve does not intersect the average variable cost curve at its minimum point but does so at an output level greater than the average variable cost curve.

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A human resource manager's particular career path will depend on their unique abilities, interests, and professional objectives.

Recruiting managers, payroll managers, staffing managers, administrators, or human resources managers are among the professional positions that HR assistants frequently advance into. The two main career paths available to HR professionals are generalist and specialist. Human resources generalists frequently carry out a wide range of tasks.

The capacity to research and identify fresh approaches to managing people and their concerns is one of the most crucial HR abilities required. A pathfinder, problem solver, philosopher, leader, friend, identifier, and competency builder for everyone in an organisation are just a few other HR abilities.

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If each effect costs 2 million dollars, and the annualized cost of capital is 18% of the capital, the optimal number of effects to use is 3.78 effects.

The annualized cost is a technique used to calculate the cost of capital, taking into account the cost of equity and debt capital. To calculate the optimal number of effects, the following formula is used:

Optimal Number = Annualized Cost of Capital / Effect Costs

                            = 18%/ $2 million

                            = 0.18 / 2

                            = 0.09

Thus, the optimal number of effects to use is 3.78 effects, which is the result of dividing 0.09 into 1 (1 / 0.09 = 3.78).

Therefore, the optimal number of effects to use is 3.78 effects if each effect costs 2 million dollars, and the annualized cost of capital is 18% of the capital.

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False. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) does know how much you have earned, working as an employee, even if you do not file your taxes.

The IRS is able to track income earned by individuals through their W-2s, 1099s, and other documents. These documents are sent to the IRS by your employers and other entities who paid you wages or other forms of income, such as investments, so the IRS is aware of your income even if you don’t report it. Furthermore, employers are required to send copies of these documents to the IRS, even if you don’t file your taxes. Additionally, the IRS may also obtain information about your wages and other income from third-party sources, such as banks and brokerage firms, which are required to provide that information to the IRS.

If you do not file your taxes, you may be subject to penalties, including late payment and failure-to-file penalties. Additionally, the IRS can also file a substitute return on your behalf and assess any taxes and penalties due. To avoid any potential penalties, it is important to always file your taxes timely and accurately.

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By definition, resource immobility suggests that resources are difficult to move from firm to firm.

Resource immobility can refer to different resources, such as physical resources or intangible resources, like brand recognition or patents. By definition, resource immobility suggests that resources are difficult to move from firm to firm. This can happen due to many different reasons, such as high switching costs, economies of scale, and tacit knowledge. Resources can be challenging to transfer between companies because they may require significant investments or expertise.

For example, a manufacturing facility is a physical resource that cannot be easily moved, and if it is, it can be costly. Likewise, if a company owns a patent, that is an intangible resource that cannot be transferred to another firm easily. Therefore, resource immobility is an essential consideration in business and strategic planning, especially when evaluating opportunities for mergers and acquisitions or partnerships between companies.

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It will take 8.37 years for a $300 investment to be worth $400 when continuously compounded at 8% per year.

To calculate this, use the formula A = P(1+r/n)^nt, where A is the amount after the time period, P is the principal investment, r is the interest rate, n is the number of times compounded per year, and t is the number of years. In this case, A is $400, P is $300, r is 8%, n is 1 (continuously compounded), and t is the number of years. Plugging these values into the formula gives 8.37 years.

This can also be solved using the rule of 72, which states that the time required to double your money at a given rate is approximately equal to 72 divided by the interest rate. In this case, 72 divided by 8 is equal to 9, meaning it will take about 9 years for the investment to double. Therefore, it will take 8.37 years for the investment to increase from $300 to $400.

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In the marketing funnel, the implementation of rewards program is a strategy under the retention stage.

The retention stage is the part of the funnel where marketers focus on keeping customers interested in their product or service. This stage of the funnel focuses on building relationships and providing value to customers by offering rewards programs, loyalty programs, and other incentives.

Rewards programs are designed to incentivize customers to become repeat customers. This can involve providing discounts or other incentives when customers purchase products or services from a company.

Through a rewards program, customers are encouraged to stay loyal to a particular brand or product, which helps to increase the chances of them becoming a repeat customer.

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The price elasticity of demand, computed using the midpoint method, between $2.25 and $2.00 in the market for matcha tea is -2.73.

Price elasticity of demand is an economic measure of how demand for a product changes when the price of the product changes.

It measures the percentage change in demand when there is a one percent change in price.

The midpoint method is a way of calculating the elasticity of demand between two points, and is calculated by taking the difference between the

two points, dividing it by the midpoint of the two prices, and then dividing it by the difference between the two quantities demanded at the two prices.

For example, in the market for matcha tea, the price elasticity of demand between $2.25 and $2.00 is -2.73.

This means that if the price of matcha tea is decreased from $2.25 to $2.00, then the quantity demanded will increase by 2.73%.

This can be calculated by taking the difference between the two prices ($2.25-$2.00), dividing it by the midpoint of the two prices (($2.25+$2.00)/2),

and then dividing it by the difference between the two quantities demanded at the two prices (10-5).

In conclusion, the price elasticity of demand is -2.73, meaning that a one percent decrease in price results in a 2.73 percent increase in demand.

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The policy presented is known as an infant industry policy. This is a protectionist measure used to shield a native industry from import competition while it grows and learns to withstand it.

This approach is based on the notion that the local market is like a baby that requires nursing and protection in order to develop and become robust enough to compete with international competitors. Measures like tariffs, import restrictions, subsidies, and other types of government assistance may be part of the temporary protection. The goal is to give domestic business a chance to establish itself on the market and eventually grow competitive enough to endure without government support. Yet detractors contend that such measures may result in inefficiency, a lack of innovation, and higher expenses.

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The addition of the seventh worker is contributing positively to the overall production as the marginal product (18) is greater than the average product (15) of the first six workers.

Marginal product refers to the additional output produced by adding one more unit of input, while average product represents the output per unit of input.

Marginal product measures the change in total output resulting from a one-unit increase in input. It helps determine the productivity of each additional unit of input. If the marginal product is increasing, it implies that each additional input is contributing more to the total output.

Average product, on the other hand, calculates the average output per unit of input. It is obtained by dividing the total output by the number of units of input. Average product provides insights into the overall efficiency and productivity of the input used in the production process.

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Andy Pforzheimer likely expects the executive chef to excel at the technical skills related to food preparation, food production and costing, inventory control, menu design, and sanitation.

The executive chef should excel at various technical skills related to food preparation, such as knife skills, temperature control, seasoning, presentation, and food safety. Additionally, the executive chef should possess knowledge of food production and costing, inventory control, menu design, and sanitation.

Knife skills involve the ability to properly and safely use knives for various tasks such as chopping, dicing, mincing, slicing, and julienning. Temperature control is the ability to consistently produce dishes at the desired temperature. Seasoning is the ability to add the correct amount of seasonings and herbs to enhance the flavor of the dish. Presentation is the ability to arrange and present food in an attractive manner. Food safety is an understanding of proper food handling techniques to reduce the risk of food-borne illness.

Food production and costing involves an understanding of the time and cost involved in food production, while inventory control is the ability to maintain accurate records of food inventory and use. Menu design involves creativity and understanding of customer preferences. Finally, sanitation is the practice of ensuring all kitchen surfaces, utensils, and equipment are kept clean.

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The type of production system that deals with one-of-a-kind tailored to unique requirements and usually not repeated is called a custom production system.

Production systems are the systems that manage the process of creating goods and services. They are responsible for transforming raw materials into finished products through a series of processes.There are various types of production systems. Mass production, batch production, and custom production are the three primary types of production system.

Mass production is the type of production system that produces goods in large quantities with a consistent level of quality. Batch production, on the other hand, is the type of production system that produces goods in small batches, and each batch is a distinct set of products.

Finally, a custom production system is the type of production system that deals with one-of-a-kind tailored to unique requirements and usually not repeated.Hence, the correct answer is that the type of production system that deals with one-of-a-kind tailored to unique requirements and usually not repeated is called a custom production system.

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The financial information when an auditor goes through the financial statements and records of a company, and his calculations match the financial information the company accountants have provided is accurate and reliable.

This is known as internal audit assurance. Internal audit assurance is a process whereby an independent auditor reviews the financial records and statements of a company to ensure that the information provided is true and accurate.

Internal audit assurance typically involves an in-depth review of financial documents such as balance sheets, income statements, cash flow statements, and other financial records. The auditor will check to see if the figures presented match what is reported in the company’s financial statements.

The auditor will also check for any discrepancies or potential errors that may have occurred. If discrepancies are found, the auditor will recommend changes or further investigation to rectify the issue.

Internal audit assurance ensures that the financial records and information provided by the company is true and accurate, and can be relied upon when making decisions. Internal audit assurance is an important part of ensuring the accuracy and reliability of financial information.

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As the network engineer for a large monetary organization, my responsibility is to provide a brand new financial computer to the monetary advisors in all corporation branch places of work. The requirements for the software computer consist of:

To satisfy those necessities, i will work carefully with the IT team, software vendors, and monetary advisors to make certain the new monetary computing device meets the needs of the organization and its stakeholders even as maintaining the highest standards of protection and functionality

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The buying and selling of goods and services that is hidden from the government in order to avoid taxes and/or regulation is known as the B: underground economy.

The underground economy is a term used to describe economic activities that take place outside of government regulation and oversight, and are thus not reported to tax authorities or included in official economic statistics. Examples of underground economic activities include cash-in-hand work, undeclared earnings from self-employment, and the sale of goods and services in unregulated markets.

The underground economy can have negative effects on government revenues, economic growth, and fairness in the distribution of wealth and income. It is a challenge for policymakers and tax authorities to accurately estimate the size and impact of the underground economy, and to design effective measures to combat it.

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A health plan has developed different web pages for corporate customers based on the number of employees they have. This is an example of a segmentation strategy known as demographic segmentation.

Demographic segmentation refers to the process of dividing a market into smaller groups of buyers based on their age, gender, family size, family lifecycle, education, income, occupation, race, nationality, religion, and social class. This type of segmentation strategy divides consumers into segments based on demographic variables.

The most commonly used bases for demographic segmentation include age, gender, and income. For instance, a health plan has developed different web pages for corporate customers based on the number of employees they have. This is an example of demographic segmentation based on the company's employee size.

It is a strategy that allows the health plan to reach out to a specific group of customers with similar demographics and offer them products that meet their specific needs. This strategy helps in creating tailor-made marketing campaigns for each target group, thereby increasing the chances of success.

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The amount that the taxpayer may deduct as an itemized deduction for medical expenses in year 1 is $0, because they paid off more than their deductible amount.

To determine the deductible amount, the taxpayer must first calculate their medical expense deduction threshold. This threshold is based on the taxpayer's AGI and is equal to 7.5% of their AGI. In this case, 7.5% of $60,000 is $4,500.

Next, the taxpayer must subtract their threshold from their total qualifying medical expenses. In this case, the taxpayer had $10,000 in qualifying medical expenses, so they would subtract the $4,500 threshold from that amount, leaving them with $5,500.

However, the taxpayer only paid off $7,000 of the credit card charges by December 31 of year 1. This means that they can only deduct the amount of medical expenses that they actually paid during the tax year. So, in this case, the taxpayer can only deduct $5,500 - the amount they paid off by December 31 - which is

=> $5,500 - $7,000 = $0.

Since the taxpayer paid off more than their deductible amount, they cannot claim a medical expense deduction on their tax return for year 1.

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Advertising distorts the economy by creating irrational and trivial consumer wants. The correct answer is B.

Advertising can be seen as a form of persuasive communication that aims to influence consumers' purchasing behavior. Advertising distorts the economy by creating irrational and trivial consumer wants, which diverts resources away from more productive uses and towards short-term gains in sales.

One of the criticisms of advertising is that it can create irrational and trivial consumer wants by portraying products in a highly attractive and desirable way, even if the products themselves are not necessary or essential.

This can distort the economy by diverting resources away from more important and productive uses towards the production of goods and services that satisfy these irrational and trivial wants. This decreases economic efficiency and harms long-term economic stability.  The correct answer is B.

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The bond equivalent and effective annual yield to maturity of the bond with par value $1,000, a 25-year maturity, and a coupon rate of 8% can be found using the following formula:

Bond Equivalent Yield to Maturity = [(2 x Coupon Rate) / (Par Value - Bond Price)] x 100

Effective Annual Yield to Maturity = (1 + (Bond Equivalent Yield/2))2 - 1

In this case, the Bond Equivalent Yield to Maturity = [(2 x 8%) / (1,000 - 960)] x 100 = 8.33%

The Effective Annual Yield to Maturity = (1 + (8.33%/2))2 - 1 = 8.53%

Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. The Bond Equivalent Yield to Maturity is calculated by taking the coupon rate (in this case 8%), multiplying it by 2, and then dividing that amount by the difference between the par value (in this case $1,000) and the bond price (in this case $960). The result is then multiplied by 100.

2. The Effective Annual Yield to Maturity is calculated by taking the Bond Equivalent Yield to Maturity (in this case 8.33%), dividing it by 2, adding 1, and then squaring the result.

3. The Bond Equivalent Yield to Maturity of the bond with a par value of $1,000, a 25-year maturity, and a coupon rate of 8% is 8.33%. The Effective Annual Yield to Maturity is 8.53%.

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The announcement of an increase in the cash dividend should, according to MM, leads to an increase in the price of the firm's stock.

MM, also known as the Modigliani-Miller theorem, is an influential economic theory on capital structure. It implies that the market price of a company is decided by its future profits and should be independent of the financing choices made to achieve those profits. When a company announces an increase in the cash dividend, it can lead to an increase in the price of the firm's stock. It is because the dividend payment is an essential component of a firm's value for its investors. Companies use dividend payments to return capital to shareholders and also as a way of signalling that the company is doing well financially, which makes it more attractive to investors. Therefore, an increase in the cash dividend can have a positive impact on the value of the firm's stock.

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Economies of scale are created by greater efficiency of capital and by increased specialization of labor. The Option D is correct.

Economies of scale are cost advantages that can arise when a company expands its production scale and becomes more efficient, resulting in a lower cost-per-unit. This is due to the fact that the cost of production (including fixed and variable costs) is spread across a greater number of units of production.

Economies of scale occur when a company's production increases in such a way that per-unit costs are reduced. Internal economies of scale can arise as a result of technological advancements, managerial efficiency, financial capability, monopoly power, or access to large networks.

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In a shortest job next (SJN) scheduler with no preemption, the Gantt chart would show that each job is completed in the order of shortest job first, with no interruption or preemption between processes.

In this example, Job 1 and Job 3 would both have a response time equal to the amount of time it takes to complete that particular job.

So, if Job 1 takes 10 milliseconds to complete, then its response time would be 10 milliseconds. Similarly, if Job 3 takes 30 milliseconds to complete, then its response time would be 30 milliseconds.

To sum up, the response time for Job 1 and Job 3 in a shortest job next (SJN) scheduler with no preemption is equal to the amount of time it takes to complete the job itself, with no interruption or preemption between processes.

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Monte Carlo Analysis is a simulation technique that is used to determine which risks have the most powerful impact on the project, with results displayed in the form of a tornado diagram. Monte Carlo Analysis is used to estimate the probability of potential project outcomes.

This is done by creating models that contain input variables, such as project costs, durations, and technical performance, and output variables, such as project completion dates and overall project costs.

The simulation model then evaluates the relationships between the input and output variables, resulting in a range of potential project outcomes.

Monte Carlo Analysis can be used to identify the most critical risks to the project by identifying the risk factors that have the greatest effect on the overall outcome of the project.The results of Monte Carlo Analysis can be displayed in the form of a tornado diagram.

The tornado diagram is a visual representation of the impact that each risk factor has on the overall project outcome. The most critical risks are displayed at the top of the diagram, while less important risks are displayed lower down.In conclusion, Monte Carlo Analysis is a powerful tool for identifying and evaluating project risks.

By using this technique, project managers can identify the most critical risks to the project and develop effective risk management strategies to mitigate these risks.
The quantitative risk analysis technique used to determine which risks have the most significant impact on a project, with results displayed in a tornado diagram, is called a Sensitivity Analysis.

This technique examines the effect of varying one risk factor at a time while keeping the others constant, allowing project managers to identify the most critical risks that can greatly influence the project outcomes.

The diagram resembles a tornado, with the widest part representing the most influential risk and the narrowest part representing the least influential risk. This provides a clear and easy-to-understand depiction of the most critical risks that need to be addressed to ensure project success.

While Simulation Techniques such as Monte Carlo Analysis are also used in quantitative risk analysis, they differ from Sensitivity Analysis.

Monte Carlo Analysis uses a mathematical model to simulate multiple scenarios with different combinations of risk factors, providing a probability distribution for the project outcomes.

It provides valuable information about the overall risk exposure, it does not specifically identify the most powerful risks in the form of a tornado diagram.

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The quantitative risk analysis technique that is used to determine which risks have the most powerful impact on the project, with results displayed in the form of a tornado diagram, is simulation techniques such as Monte Carlo Analysis. This technique involves creating a mathematical model that represents the project and its associated risks, and then running thousands of simulations to determine the likelihood of different outcomes.

During these simulations, the Monte Carlo Analysis technique considers different scenarios and variables to determine the probability of each risk event occurring, and the impact it would have on the project. This technique also enables project managers to calculate the expected value of the project's outcome, as well as the potential range of outcomes and associated risks.

The results of the Monte Carlo Analysis are displayed in the form of a tornado diagram, which ranks the risks in order of importance based on their impact on the project's outcome. This enables project managers to focus their risk management efforts on the most critical risks and develop appropriate risk response plans to mitigate them.

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The managers at Gralyn Corp. should opt for Product B with a higher MOS% ratio of 0.31, as it is safer than Product A and provides more flexibility for product managers.

The margin of safety ratio (MOS%) is a measure of how safe a product is from unexpected changes in revenue and costs. Gralyn Corp. is comparing two products' MOS% ratios: Product A has a ratio of 0.13 and Product B has a ratio of 0.31. In general, the higher the MOS%, the safer the product.

Therefore, the managers at Gralyn Corp. should opt for Product B with the higher MOS% ratio of 0.31, as it is safer than Product A.

A higher MOS% ratio indicates that a product is able to maintain its current level of revenue even if there is an unexpected increase in costs or decrease in revenue. In other words, the product is more protected against unexpected changes and is thus more likely to remain profitable.

In addition, a higher MOS% ratio provides more flexibility for product managers, allowing them to invest in new opportunities. A product with a high MOS% has a higher buffer, meaning that the product can absorb losses or decreased profits due to unexpected changes.

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The total amount that Matthew's bank will receive after lending him $8,000 for four years at an interest rate of 6 percent, compounded annually is $10,079.85. Here's how to solve the problem:

We can use the formula for compound interest to calculate the total amount:

A = P (1 + r/n)^(n*t)

Where:
A = the total amount
P = the principal amount (the initial amount borrowed or lent)
r = the annual interest rate (as a decimal)
n = the number of times that interest is compounded per year
t = the number of years

Plugging in the given values, we get:

A = $8,000 (1 + 0.06/1)^(1*4)
A = $8,000 (1.06)^4
A = $10,079.85

Therefore, the total amount that Matthew's bank will receive after lending him $8,000 for four years at an interest rate of 6 percent, compounded annually is $10,079.85.

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The amount of manufacturing overhead that was applied from the molding department to job P is $11,000. The amount of manufacturing overhead that was applied from the molding department to job Q is $17,000.

This can be calculated using the predetermined overhead rate (POR). The POR is calculated by dividing the estimated total manufacturing overhead costs by the estimated total amount of allocation base. This results in a predetermined overhead rate of $5 per machine hour.

To calculate the amount of overhead applied to each job, the number of machine hours for each job is multiplied by the POR. Job P had 2,200 machine hours, so the amount of overhead applied is calculated as follows:2,200 machine hours × $5 per machine hour = $11,000Job Q had 3,400 machine hours.

So the amount of overhead applied is calculated as follows:3,400 machine hours × $5 per machine hour = $17,000In conclusion, the amount of manufacturing overhead that was applied from the molding department to job P is $11,000, and the amount of manufacturing overhead that was applied to job Q is $17,000.

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The inventory cost flow assumption that is commonly used internally by companies that externally report under the LIFO cost flow assumption is the FIFO (First-in, First-out) cost flow assumption.

The LIFO method assumes that the most recent items purchased are the first items sold. Therefore, in periods of rising costs, the cost of goods sold will be higher under LIFO, leading to a lower net income and a lower tax liability.

However, FIFO is often used internally because it provides a more accurate representation of the actual cost of goods sold. FIFO assumes that the first items purchased are the first items sold, which makes sense for many types of products, especially perishable goods. This method can also result in a lower tax liability, but it is not as dramatic as under LIFO.

In summary, the inventory cost flow assumption that is commonly used internally by companies that externally report under the LIFO cost flow assumption is the FIFO cost flow assumption.

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You must set aside $43,163.25 today if you can earn 7.5 percent per year, compounded annually, on your investment to give your child $100,000 twenty-five years from now.

Given data:Inflation = 3%Rate of Interest = 7.5%Future Value (FV) = $100,000We have to calculate the Present Value (PV)Step-by-step answer:Since we have to calculate the present value, we will use the formula of Present Value of Future Sum:PV = FV / (1 + r)nwhere,FV = Future Value of the investmentr = Rate of Interestn = Time period (in years)In the given problem, n is not given.

So, we have to calculate the number of years required to attain $100,000 from today's value i.e. PV of $100,000. We will use the formula of Compound Interest for the same:Compound Interest formula:FV = PV (1 + r)nwhere,PV = Present ValueFV = Future Value of the investmentr = Rate of Interestn = Time period (in years)On substituting the given data in the above formula, we get:100000 = PV (1 + 7.5%)n1.075n = 100000 / PV-------------------(1)

Now, let's use the given data to calculate the Inflation adjusted rate of interest:Real Rate of Interest = Nominal Rate of Interest - Inflation RateReal Rate of Interest = 7.5% - 3% = 4.5%On substituting the values of PV, r and n in the formula of Present Value of Future Sum, we get:PV = FV / (1 + r)nPV = 100000 / (1 + 4.5%)n-------------------(2)

From equations (1) and (2), we get:100000 / PV = 1.075n / (1 + 4.5%)n100000 / PV = (1.075 / 1.045)n100000 / PV = 1.02837nlog (100000 / PV) = log (1.02837n)log (100000 / PV) = n log (1.02837) (using log (ab) = b log (a))n = log (100000 / PV) / log (1.02837)On substituting the given values in the above equation, we get:n = log (100000 / PV) / log (1.02837)n = log (100000 / PV) / 0.01157Multiplying both sides by 0.01157, we get:n log (1.02837) = log (100000 / PV)0.01157n = log (100000 / PV)n = log (100000 / PV) / 0.01157On comparing the above equation with equation (1), we get:1.075n = 100000 / PV

Putting the value of n from above equation in this equation, we get:1.075log (100000 / PV) / 0.01157 = 100000 / PVPV = 100000 / (1.075log (100000 / PV) / 0.01157)PV = $43,163.25

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