dr. ortiz wants to carefully follow a select group of college students who are interested in careers with high-profile finance firms. she selects nine students who are currently juniors and seniors and will follow them for a few years to collect rich data on their choices and careers. which type of approach is this?

The earnings per share (EPS) for 20Y6 and 20Y5 are $21.26 and $18.85, respectively and the change in earnings per share from 20Y5 to 20Y6 is favorable.

a) Determination of earnings per share for 20Y6 and 20Y5:

Earnings per share (EPS) is the portion of a company's profit that is allocated to one share of common stock. It is calculated as follows:

EPS = Net income - Preferred dividends / Average number of common shares outstanding year 20Y6

EPS = ($2,485,700 - $50,000) / 115,000 shares

EPS = $21.26Year 20Y5

EPS = ($1,538,000 - $50,000) / 80,000 shares

EPS = $18.85

Thus, the earnings per share (EPS) for 20Y6 and 20Y5 are $21.26 and $18.85, respectively.

b) Analysis of the change in earnings per share from 20Y5 to 20Y6:

To determine whether the change in earnings per share from 20Y5 to 20Y6 indicates a favorable or unfavorable trend, we need to calculate the percentage change in EPS. It is calculated as follows:

Percentage change = (New EPS - Old EPS) / Old EPS x 100%

Percentage change = ($21.26 - $18.85) / $18.85 x 100%

Percentage change = 12.8%

The percentage change in earnings per share from 20Y5 to 20Y6 is 12.8%. Since the percentage change is positive, it indicates a favorable trend. Therefore, the change in earnings per share from 20Y5 to 20Y6 is favorable.

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The after-tax salvage value of the machine, after being sold for $50,000 and with a book value of $10,000, is $39,900. To calculate this value, first subtract the book value of the machine ($10,000) from the sale price ($50,000). This gives us the taxable gain, which is $40,000.

The after-tax salvage value of a machine can be determined using the formula: Afater-tax salvage value = Sale price - [Tax rate x (Sale price - Book value)]The given values are: Sale price = $50,000Book value = $10,000Tax rate = 21%Now let's substitute these values in the above formula to find the after-tax salvage value.

Then, multiply the taxable gain of $40,000 by the tax rate of 21 percent to calculate the amount of taxes owed, which is $8,400. Finally, subtract the amount of taxes owed from the sale price to get the after-tax salvage value, which is $39,900 ($50,000 - $8,400 = $39,900).

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If david pays the full principle and interest in the first year of the loan, $2,700 money will he pay to the bank.

A loan is a financial arrangement in which one party, typically a lender such as a bank, provides money or assets to another party, usually a borrower, with the expectation that the borrowed funds will be paid back with interest over a predetermined period of time. Loans can be secured, meaning that the borrower pledges collateral such as property or a vehicle to guarantee repayment, or unsecured, in which case there is no collateral backing the loan.

Loans are typically used for a variety of purposes, including buying a home or car, paying for education, consolidating debt, or funding a business venture. The terms of a loan agreement typically include the amount borrowed, the interest rate charged, the repayment period, any fees or penalties associated with the loan.

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The beta of the Park Hotel is 1.4

Given: Expected rate of return [tex](R_p)[/tex] = 20%, Risk-free rate [tex](R_f)[/tex] = 6%, Return of the market portfolio [tex](R_m)[/tex] = 16%. We need to find out the beta of the Park hotel [tex](\beta _p)[/tex].

Beta is a measure of systematic risk. It measures the sensitivity of the stock or a portfolio to the market. The formula for beta is: [tex]\beta _p = (R_p - R_f) / (R_m - R_f)[/tex]. Substitute the given values in the above formula to find the beta of the Park hotel .[tex]\beta _p[/tex] = (20% - 6%) / (16% - 6%) = 14% / 10% ⇒ [tex]\beta _p[/tex]= 1.4.

Therefore, the beta of the Park hotel is 1.4. This means that the Park Hotel is 1.4 times as volatile as the market portfolio.

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When someone withdraws cash from their savings account, the immediate effect on the monetary aggregate measures of a country is a decrease in the M2 monetary aggregate measure.

Monetary aggregate measures: Monetary aggregate measures are indicators used to keep track of the money supply in an economy or a country. The three most common monetary aggregate measures are M1, M2, and M3. The amount of currency in circulation, traveler's checks, and checking account deposits are all included in M1. M2 is a broader measure that includes M1 as well as savings account deposits, small-denomination time deposits, and other time deposits. The M3 measure, on the other hand, is the broadest measure of the money supply, including all of the previous measures as well as large-denomination time deposits, institutional money market funds, and other larger liquid assets.

Savings account: A savings account is a bank account that is used to store money that is not needed for daily expenses. Savings accounts are a type of deposit account, which means that they are a bank account that earns interest. Savings accounts, unlike checking accounts, usually have restrictions on how often the account holder can withdraw money. In exchange for these limitations, savings accounts typically provide higher interest rates than checking accounts.

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Kade and Lila have created a joint venture. According to the Uniform Commercial Code, joint ventures are defined as two or more persons or entities who bind together their money, goods, labor, or skill to carry out a single business enterprise for profit.

Therefore, in this scenario, Kade and Lila are jointly responsible for the storage costs until Mediterranean Products, Inc. can take delivery of the oil. The oil is commingled, meaning that Kade's oil and Lila's oil can not be distinguished, so they will share any profit or loss from the sale.

The following are the HTML code tags that can be used in the answer for the given question: kade and Lila are pressing certain amounts of olive oil to sell to Mediterranean products, inc., and have agreed to split storage expenses until Mediterranean can take delivery. The oil is blended so that Kade's cannot be distinguished from Lila's.

This is called as consignment inventory .Consignment Inventory is an inventory accounting technique that allows for products to be sold while the seller retains possession of the goods. Until the product is sold, the seller owns the goods in a consignment agreement.

The seller retains ownership of the inventory, but it is not included in the seller's inventory count, so it does not show up in financial statements until it is sold. In a consignment arrangement, the seller can reclaim the inventory that hasn't sold after a specified amount of time has passed. A consignment contract will typically specify when the seller may reclaim unsold inventory.

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Absorption costing's drawback is that it might distort the perception of a company's profitability. It is also not useful for analysis intended to increase operational and financial efficiency.

The ability for managers to manipulate income through overproduction is also provided by absorption costs. In comparison to not producing the extra goods, increasing output at year's end results in a higher net income.

When production outpaces sales, the revenue computed using full absorption costing will be higher than the income calculated using variable costing. Production being in excess of sales points to a rise in inventories.

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General McChrystal experienced all five stages of team development while leading the troops: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.

Forming was when McChrystal's leadership was established and team members were assigned their roles. It was necessary for McChrystal to establish his leadership, assign roles to team members, and create a structure for the team.

Storming was the period of uncertainty and conflict in the beginning of his leadership. It was necessary for team members to get to know one another and address any conflicts that arose.

Norming was the resolution of conflict and formation of trust among the team. It was essential for team members to develop trust and resolve any disagreements.

Performing was when the team began to efficiently and effectively meet their goals. It was necessary for the team to reach their goals efficiently and effectively.

Adjourning was when McChrystal and the troops said their final goodbyes. It was necessary to say farewell to each other and reflect on the experience.

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In the year 2014, the studio which spent the most, i.e., had the highest sum of the budgets of the movies it produced, was Walt Disney Studios.

In the year 2014, Walt Disney Studios had a total budget of $1.7 billion to produce movies.

In the year 2014, the highest budget was spent by Walt Disney Studios. The Walt Disney Studios produced movies with a budget totaling $1,763,100,000 in 2014.

This information is based on a report by Box Office Mojo on the worldwide gross of major movie studios in 2014.

Box Office Mojo's data shows that Walt Disney Studios had the highest domestic box office market share in 2014, with 16.7%.

They had a total domestic gross of $1,729,000,000. Universal Studios came in second place with a domestic box office market share of 14.5%, and they had a total domestic gross of $1,411,400,000.

In conclusion, Walt Disney Studios spent the most in the year 2014 in terms of the sum of budgets of the movies produced.

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The contract between Jack and Jill and Farmer Dell was breached by the latter by failing to pay Jack and Jill during the last week. Therefore, the court ordered Farmer Dell to pay Jack and Jill because the contract was breached.

What is a contract?

A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties who consent to perform a specific activity. A contract is made when an agreement is made between two or more people who want to exchange promises. A contract may be spoken or written, but written agreements are easier to enforce than verbal ones.What is a breach of contract?If one of the parties fails to perform its duties or obligations as specified in the contract, it is called a breach of contract. A breach of contract happens when one of the parties fails to perform their obligations specified in the contract. In this scenario, Farmer Dell breached the contract by failing to pay Jack and Jill during the last week.

What is the remedy for a breach of contract?

In the event of a breach of contract, the party affected by the breach has the right to seek redress in court. The court may order specific performance of the contract, damages, or both. Specific performance is a legal remedy where the court orders the breaching party to fulfil the duties or obligations specified in the contract. In this case, the court ordered Farmer Dell to pay Jack and Jill because he breached the contract by failing to pay them during the last week. Therefore, the court ordered specific performance of the contract.

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Customer ratings of products they bought online is an example of loyalty.

Loyalty is when customers continue to purchase from the same brand or retailer due to previous positive experiences. Loyalty involves customers having an emotional connection with a company and a willingness to forgive mistakes and look past shortcomings. Loyalty programs, such as rewards and discounts, help to create this bond between a customer and the brand. Loyal customers tend to be more satisfied and willing to recommend the products or services they bought to others. Additionally, loyalty leads to higher customer retention, which results in long-term growth for the business.

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During times of economic recession, both monetary and fiscal policy can be used to influence economic activity. The central bank uses monetary policy to determine how much money and credit is available to consumers, while the government uses fiscal policy to impact government spending and taxes.

Fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence the economy. The two major instruments of fiscal policy are government spending and taxation.

Changes in the level and composition of taxation and government spending can influence the following macroeconomic variables in an economy:

Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country, like a central bank, controls the supply of money, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to guarantee price stability and general trust in the currency. Monetary policy is usually contrasted with fiscal policy, which focuses on government spending and taxation, and is implemented by the government rather than the central bank.

In monetary policy, the central bank uses several policy tools to influence the availability and cost of money and credit. These include open market operations, the discount rate, and reserve requirements, among others. Monetary policy is executed through a variety of channels, such as interest rates and credit flows. Monetary policy can be used to stabilize macroeconomic variables like inflation, output, employment, and foreign exchange rates, among others.

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At the end of the current accounting period, Ringgold Co. recorded a depreciation of $15,000 on its equipment. This entry on the company's balance sheet will have the effect of decreasing Owners' Equity and Assets.

What is a balance sheet?

The balance sheet is a statement of a company's financial position that shows assets, liabilities, and equity at a given point in time. The balance sheet has two parts: the left side lists assets, and the right side lists liabilities and equity.

The decrease in assets means that there will be a decrease in total assets. The effect of this entry on the company's balance sheet is to decrease assets.

In the equation Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity, a decrease in assets must result in a decrease in the equity of the owner. So, the decrease in assets is balanced by a decrease in owner's equity.

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True : Multiple interventions for organizational development have been found to be more effective than one.

By developing, enhancing, and consolidating processes, structures, and strategies, organizational development is a critical and scientific process that enables organizations to increase their adaptability and effectiveness.

scientifically rigorous procedure OD is a method that is structured and based on evidence. It is not about attempting something and seeing how it goes. It involves incorporating scientific findings into a structured and controlled procedure for evaluating assumptions. Finally, it is tied in with testing assuming the results mirror the aim of the mediation.

Enhance your ability to adapt and perform at a higher level. The effectiveness of an organization is the goal of organizational development. As a result, it has a number of (business) effects.

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The main sensory characteristic of a product that sticks with consumers and helps them remember it in a unique way is called brand recognition.

Brand recognition is a vital part of marketing a product or service and creating a strong, recognizable identity in the minds of consumers. It is achieved by carefully creating and maintaining the product's image, often through creative branding, advertising, and marketing tactics.

Brand recognition helps a product stand out from the competition and build a unique connection with consumers. It also helps a product build trust and loyalty in the minds of consumers, making them more likely to purchase the product in the future.

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To calculate the net income for the year, we first need to calculate the gross profit margin, which is the difference between the revenue and cost of goods sold divided by revenue, and then subtract the operating expenses from the gross profit margin.

Gross Profit Margin = (Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold) / Revenue

We don't have the information on the cost of goods sold, so we can't calculate the gross profit margin.

However, we have information about the energy margin, which is defined as the difference between the cost of energy and the revenue generated from energy sales divided by revenue.

Energy Margin = (Revenue from Energy Sales - Cost of Energy) / Revenue

Given that the energy margin was 3%, we can assume that the cost of energy was 97% of the revenue generated from energy sales. So, the revenue generated from energy sales was:

Revenue from Energy Sales = 0.03 x $50 million / 0.97 = $1.55 million

Now we can calculate the turnover ratio, which is the cost of goods sold divided by the average inventory.

Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory

We don't have information on the average inventory, so we can't calculate the cost of goods sold.

Given that the turnover was 4.0, we can assume that the average inventory was turned over 4 times during the year. So, the average inventory was:

Average Inventory = $50 million / 4 = $12.5 million

Now we can calculate the gross profit, which is the revenue minus the cost of goods sold.

Gross Profit = Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold

We don't have information on the cost of goods sold, so we can't calculate the gross profit.

Given that the net income is calculated after deducting operating expenses, and we don't have information on the operating expenses, we can't calculate the net income.

Therefore, we cannot provide a definitive answer to this question.

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Answer: For the service system at Stickley Adhesives, the main customers are hardware store customers.

Stickley Adhesives is a fictional company and there is no available data on their customer base. However, given that they manufacture adhesives, their primary customers are most likely hardware stores and other retail outlets that specialize in selling adhesives.

What are adhesives?

Adhesives are substances that stick two or more things together. They are applied in many products and can be used to bond materials such as paper, wood, glass, metal, and plastic. Adhesives come in a variety of forms, including liquids, gels, and solids. In addition, there are many different types of adhesives available, each designed to work with specific materials and in specific applications.

It is possible that Stickley Adhesives also has hardware store customers who purchase their products directly, but this would not necessarily be part of their service system. Stickley executives and scoping scientists would be internal stakeholders within the company, rather than customers of the service system.

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The cost components of a custom-manufactured part include tooling, processing, and raw materials. The correct option is true.

Tooling costs refer to the money used to create the tools or machines needed to produce the custom part, processing costs include labor and energy used during the production process, and raw materials are the materials used to create the part.
Components, manufacturing, and processing are all essential parts of the production process that contribute to the cost of a custom-manufactured product. These components are the primary determinants of production costs, and they are critical in determining the total cost of production.

A custom-manufactured part's tooling costs will vary depending on the material used to make the tooling and the size of the parts being produced. The raw material cost depends on the quantity and quality of the raw materials used in the production of the custom-manufactured part.

The processing cost of a custom-manufactured part will depend on the complexity of the part, the quality of the material used, and the number of steps required in the manufacturing process.

The correct option is True.

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Fine goods company and global sales corporation enter into a contract that does not specify the payment terms. payment may be made in contract.

Under these circumstances, both Fine Goods Company and Global Sales Corporation will need to agree upon the payment terms before any payment can take place.

Generally, the payment terms will include the amount to be paid, the payment due date, the method of payment, and any other conditions that may apply. The two parties should discuss and negotiate the terms of the payment and then document these details in the contract. Once agreed, the terms should be included in the contract and both parties should sign the contract to make it legally binding.

If the payment terms are not agreed upon prior to signing the contract, the parties may agree that the payment terms will be determined at a later date. However, the contract should include an indication of when the payment terms will be finalized and by whom. The contract should also indicate that the payment terms must be in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Without an agreed upon payment terms, no payment can be made.

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When a purchasing manager knows roughly what is needed but can't describe it exactly, or when the purchasing arrangement may change as the job progresses, then buying is likely to be by negotiation.

Negotiation is a process of bargaining with the supplier to agree on the terms of purchase. It involves setting the objectives, identifying criteria for success, researching and preparing for the negotiations, and having open and candid communication with the supplier.

Negotiation is often used when the exact details of a purchase can't be known in advance, or when it may be desirable to change the arrangements over time.

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The most recent dividend per share paid on Mannix Corporation's stock was $6.30

The most recent dividend per share paid on the stock can be calculated using the constant growth dividend discount model. This model assumes that dividends will grow at a constant rate in the future. The formula for this model is as follows:V0 = (D1 / (r - g)),Where,V0 is the current stock priceD1 is the expected dividend per share one year from nowr is the required rate of return on the stockg is the expected constant growth rate in dividends.

Using the given information:V0 = $90r = 14%g = 7%D1 = ?We can plug these values into the formula to find D1:D1 = V0 × (r - g)D1 = $90 × (0.14 - 0.07)D1 = $90 × 0.07D1 = $6.30.

Therefore $6.30 is the most recent dividend per share paid on the stock.

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The statement that lawyers work in pleasant surroundings at low risk of injury, but they generally receive higher pay than construction workers because: Lawyers work in pleasant surroundings at low risk of injury, but they generally receive higher pay than construction workers because of their higher education and specialized skills.

The level of education required for a lawyer is much higher than for a construction worker. Lawyers usually have completed an undergraduate degree and then have gone to law school for at least three years. During their education, they have learned skills such as research, writing, and critical thinking, as well as specialized knowledge of the law. These skills and knowledge are in high demand and are what allow lawyers to command higher salaries.Construction workers typically do not require as much education and training as lawyers. While there may be some specialized skills required for certain construction jobs, the overall level of knowledge and education required is generally lower than that of a lawyer. This is why construction workers typically receive lower pay than lawyers, even though their jobs may involve more physical labor and a higher risk of injury.

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In this situation, as a Walmart Canada Manager, most likely action to take: Option B - Ask what she thinks triggered the complaint and if there is an underlying issue to fix.

This action would help you identify the root cause of the complaint and work towards resolving it. By understanding what led to the complaint, you can address the issue, implement corrective measures, and prevent similar complaints from arising in the future.

Least likely action to take: Option F - Tell her to post the note in the break area to set an example for others. While it's important to recognize Sam's efforts, posting the note might not be the most effective way to address the underlying issue or encourage others to learn from the situation. It could also lead to privacy concerns if the customer's information is shared publicly. Instead, discussing the case and sharing the learnings with the team would be a more effective way of promoting good customer service.

To summarize, as a manager, you should prioritize addressing the root cause of the complaint and work towards resolving it to prevent future complaints (Option B). Posting the note in the break area (Option F) would be the least effective action, as it doesn't address the underlying issue or promote learning for the entire team.

Your question is incomplete as it misses the option letters, the complete question is:

Walmart Canada Manager Employment Assessment Your facility received a very negative complaint. When you ask your associate, Sam, about it, she says she quickly contacted the person to apologize and for the issue. She says the person was pleased and sent a note of thanks. What would you be most and least likely to do?

Pick One of Each:

A. Tell Sam you're happy with her effort.

B. Ask what she thinks triggered the complaint and if there is an underlying issue to fix.

C. Tell Sam that although this situation worked out well, she needs to find out what caused the issue to avoid future complaints.

D. Thank Sam for her great service, ask what she learned, and what she will do differently in the future.

E. Praise Sam for her quick response.

F. Tell her to post the note in the break area to set an example for others.

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The most frequent error in problem solving is rushing to judgment about the nature of a problem. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Problem solving refers to the process of defining a problem; determining the cause of the problem; identifying, prioritizing, and selecting alternatives for a solution; and implementing a solution. There are many errors which may occur in problem solving. The most frequent error in problem solving is rushing to judgment about the nature of a problem.

This error occurs when a person only examines one aspect of a problem and fails to consider other important factors forming opinion based on limited data. This happens when an individual does not take the time to consider all dimensions of the problem, instead jumping to a conclusion without thoroughly examining the issue at hand. This can lead to poor decision making and inadequate solutions. Hence, the correct option is A.

Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: Perhaps the most frequent error in problem solving is: A) rushing to judgment about the nature of a problem. B) not being aware of personal limitations. C) being too doubtful. D) following a rote pattern of decision making. E) failing to consider all dimensions of a problem.

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The amount of self-employment income subject to self-employment tax for the year is $6,000.

To calculate the self-employment income subject to self-employment tax, we first need to calculate the net self-employment income.

Net self-employment income = gross income - expenses - retirement plan contribution

Gross income from dog collar sales = $10,000

Expenses to make the collars = $2,000

Retirement plan contribution = $2,000

Net self-employment income = $10,000 - $2,000 - $2,000 = $6,000

The self-employment tax rate for 2023 (based on current law as of 2021) is 15.3%, which includes 12.4% for Social Security tax and 2.9% for Medicare tax.

So, the self-employment tax on $6,000 of net self-employment income would be:

$6,000 x 0.153 = $918

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Being a single taxpayer and the only shareholder of DJ's Incorporated in 2022, Don Juan is eligible to deduct the entire $600,000 business loss. Any unrecoverable loss may be carried over for a further 20 years.

Tim is a cash-method taxpayer who is single and has an AGI of $50,000. Tim made a payment of $1,080 in April of this year along with his state income tax return from the prior year. Tim had $5,000 in federal income tax deducted from his pay during the year.

Any corporation or partnership with average yearly gross receipts for the three tax years prior to the current tax year of $25 million or less (rising to $27 million in 2022).

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Ryan's profit on selling 200 plastic ball point pens at $0.50 each is $75.

Ryan sells 200 plastic ball point pens at $0.50 each. His total costs are $25. His profits are $75.

According to the problem, the cost price (CP) of each ball pen = Total cost / Number of ball pens= $25 / 200= $0.125

Therefore, Ryan sells each ball pen at $0.50. This means his selling price (SP) of each ball pen = $0.50

Ryan's profit (P) on selling a ball pen= Selling Price - Cost Price= $0.50 - $0.125= $0.375Ryan sells 200 ball pens.

Hence, his total profit (P) = Profit on selling 1 ball pen × Number of ball pens= $0.375 × 200= $75Therefore, Ryan's profit on selling 200 plastic ball point pens at $0.50 each is $75.

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Sarah's action of using a legitimate business to conceal the profits of an illegal drug-selling ring is an example of money laundering.

Money laundering is the act of disguising the proceeds of illegal activity as legitimate funds to avoid detection and prosecution. It typically involves a series of complex financial transactions that are designed to make the funds appear as though they were obtained through legal means. In this case, Sarah is using a nail salon as a front to make her drug money look like legitimate income. Money laundering is a serious crime that is punishable by law.

Therefore, it is stated that Sarah's act is an example of money laundering, which is a form of financial crime.

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The effect of a situation of scarcity is C. A car company produces fewer cars than consumers demand, leading to a rise in prices.

Scarcity refers to the limited availability of a resource in comparison to the unlimited wants and needs of individuals. In this scenario, the car company is unable to produce enough cars to satisfy the demand of the consumers. As a result, the demand for cars exceeds the supply, creating a situation of scarcity.

In response to this scarcity, the market forces of supply and demand come into play. When demand is high and supply is low, prices generally increase. This is because consumers are willing to pay more for a limited resource, and sellers can charge higher prices due to the increased demand. In the case of the car company, the limited production of cars results in a rise in prices, as consumers compete to purchase the scarce resource.

The other options provided do not accurately depict scarcity. Option A describes a situation where a company offers incentives to boost sales, while option B suggests that a shortage of one resource may drive research into alternative resources. Option D illustrates the effect of reduced production costs on the sale price of cars, but it does not directly relate to a situation of scarcity. Therefore the correct option is C

The Question was Incomplete, Find the full content below :

Which of the following accurately describes the effect of a situation of

scarcity?

A. A car company has a slow-down in sales, driving it

to offer a cash-back rebate.

B. There's a shortage of oil, pushing car companies

into researching alternative fuels.

C. A car company produces fewer cars than

consumers demand, leading to a rise in prices.

D. There's a reduction in the cost of steel, enabling a

car company to reduce the sale price of its cars

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Cost-benefit analysts often encounter the problem that those who would benefit from government provision of a public good tend to be free riders.

What is a public good?A public good is a good or service that is accessible to all, and once it is provided to one person, it is available to everyone else without discrimination or exclusion. Public goods are frequently regarded as a necessity for the well-being of society, but they are frequently underprovided by the private sector because of free-riding.A person who benefits from a public good but does not pay for it is known as a free-rider.

Cost-benefit analysts often encounter the problem that those who would benefit from government provision of a public good tend to not pay for it themselves. This is known as the 'free rider' problem, and can lead to an under-provision of public goods. This implies that they are not contributing to the cost of delivering the public good to society. As a result, the expense of providing the public good falls disproportionately on the individuals who contribute to it.

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