Economists generally support free international trade. So, correct answer choice is A.
This is because free trade allows countries to specialize in producing goods and services that they have a comparative advantage in, leading to increased efficiency, productivity, and economic growth. Free trade also increases competition, which can lead to lower prices and more innovation.
In contrast, trade restrictions and governmental management of trade exports (answer choices B and C) can lead to reduced trade and economic inefficiencies, such as higher prices and reduced consumer choice. These policies can also lead to trade wars and political tensions between countries.
Subsidies (answer choice D) can have a mixed impact on the economy. While they can provide financial support to struggling industries or promote domestic production, they can also distort market forces and create economic inefficiencies by encouraging the production of goods that may not be competitive or profitable without the subsidy.
Overall, economists tend to support free international trade as a means of promoting economic growth and efficiency, but there may be some instances where government intervention is necessary to correct market failures or address social and environmental concerns.
Therefore, correct answer choice is A.
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jim learns his lender is judicially foreclosing on his home. what step does the lender take that makes it impossible for jim to reinstate his loan?
Jim may not be able to get his loan reinstated if Jim's lender obtains a final judgment of foreclosure while judicially foreclosing on his home.
Normally, Jim's ability to restart the loan by paying the outstanding sum and any fines or penalties related to the default is terminated by this decision.
Jim may only have the ability to redeem the property by making the entire amount owed, work out a deal with the lender to sell it, or depart the premises once the judgment of foreclosure has been rendered. Upon receiving a notice of foreclosure, it is critical for borrowers like Jim to take immediate action and consider all of their alternatives in order to keep their house.
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use the fy2019 income statement and balance sheet for general mills to answer the following questions. a. which two nonrecurring items on the 2019 income statement would we consider eliminating before beginning the forecasting process? b. identify two forecasted expenses that are directly related to revenue.
The expenditures associated with restructuring and laying off employees that apply to asset sales and plant closures because these activities of the income statement and balance sheet of General mills being a normal part of a business.
For the fourth quarter and the entire fiscal year that ended on May 26, 2019, General Mills released results today. Blue Buffalo Pet Products, Inc. ("Blue Buffalo"), which was bought on April 24, 2018, made contributions to the financial performance for the fiscal year 2019.
Your long-term operational costs are forecasted in an expenses report. Rent, insurance, automobiles, advertising, staff compensation, and accounting and legal fees are a few examples of business expenses that may be incurred. Make your projection based on market research and industry standards if you are launching a new firm.
Net sales for the retail industry fell 2% to $9.92 billion. Net revenues from organic sources fell 1%.
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typical ways that companies cause financial statements to be misstated through fraud of aggressive financial reporting include
Typical ways that companies cause financial statements to be misstated through fraud or aggressive financial reporting include: Revenue recognition fraud, Expense manipulation, Asset overstatement, Liability understatement, Earnings management, Off-balance-sheet financing, and Related-party transactions
By being aware of these methods, investors and regulators can better detect potential fraud or aggressive financial reporting in financial statements.
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which charts would be better choices to visualize a company's actual performance ratio in comparison to a target ratio? select two best answers.
The chart that would be better choices to visualize a company's actual performance ratio in comparison to a target ratio is options (a) Scatter chart with lines and (d) Two-series line chart
The two best choices to visualize a company's actual performance ratio in comparison to a target ratio would be
a) Scatter chart with lines: This type of chart is useful for comparing two sets of data and showing the relationship between them. By plotting the actual performance ratio on the x-axis and the target ratio on the y-axis, you can easily see how closely the two ratios align.
d) Two-series line chart: This type of chart is similar to the scatter chart with lines, but it is specifically designed to show the relationship between two sets of data over time. By plotting the actual and target ratios on separate lines on the same chart, you can easily compare how closely they align and see any trends or deviations over time.
Both of these chart types are effective for comparing data and showing trends over time, making them the best choices for visualizing a company's actual performance ratio in comparison to a target ratio.
Therefore, the correct options are (a) Scatter chart with lines and (d) Two-series line chart
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The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Which charts would be better choices to visualize a company's actual performance ratio in comparison to a target ratio? Select TwO best answers. a) Scatter chart with lines b) Area chart c) Pie-chart d) Two-series line chart e) Column and marker chart
select all that apply with respect to the short-run average cost curves, what is true of the long-run average cost curve? multiple select question. it equals short-run average cost when short-run curves use fixed inputs optimally. it lies above every point of the short-run average cost curves. it equals short-run average cost when short-run curves use variable inputs optimally. it lies above no point of the short-run average cost curves. need help? review these concept resources.
The correct options are: 1)It lies above every point of the short-run average cost curves. 2)It equals short-run average cost when short-run curves use variable inputs optimally.
The long-run average cost curve (LRAC) represents the minimum average cost at which a firm can produce a given level of output when all inputs are variable in the long run. In contrast, the short-run average cost curves (SRAC) show the minimum average cost at which a firm can produce a given level of output in the short run, given some fixed inputs.
Since the long run allows for all inputs to be variable, the LRAC is always at least as low as the SRAC. In fact, the LRAC lies above every point of the SRAC because the SRAC reflects the cost of producing a given level of output with some inputs fixed, which is typically less efficient than producing the same level of output with all inputs variable.
Overall, the LRAC is an important concept in understanding the cost structure of a firm, and it helps managers make decisions about the optimal mix of inputs to use in production in the long run.
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when products ordered on a retailer's website are shipped to customers directly from the vendor, the retailer and vendor are using a system of a. outsourcing b. drop shipping c. third party logistics d. cross-docking
The correct answer is b. drop shipping. When products ordered on a retailer's website are shipped to customers directly from the vendor, it is known as drop shipping.
When a retailer uses drop shipping, they do not hold the products in inventory but rather transfers the orders and shipment details to the vendor, who then ships the product directly to the customer. This allows the retailer to offer a wider range of products without the need for a physical inventory, reducing costs and the risk of overstocking.
Drop shipping is a form of outsourcing as the vendor is responsible for fulfilling the orders, but it differs from traditional outsourcing in that the retailer remains responsible for customer service and order processing. This system is often used in e-commerce and can be beneficial for both the retailer and vendor.
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a team manager asked members to write down as many ideas as possible to solve a problem that they had within the team. after generating a number of ideas, members were encouraged to discuss, modify, and expand upon other's ideas. identify the technique used by the manager. a. social loafing b. group norming c. brainstorming d. groupthink
The technique used by the manager in the given scenario is brainstorming
Brainstorming is a group creativity technique that helps in generating a large number of ideas from a group of people, and is commonly used in problem-solving and decision-making processes. The process involves the contribution of ideas from each group member, followed by a discussion, modification, and expansion of those ideas by other members. The objective of brainstorming is to encourage creative thinking, maximize idea generation, and avoid any form of criticism or judgment. Therefore, option (c) brainstorming is the correct answer.
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in the bank location problem, four of the twenty counties were on adjacent to pennsylvania. (counties 1, 14, 15, 16.) if the bank president wanted to be sure that at least one bank was located in one of these counties, what type of constraint would need to be added to the model?
A constraint must be added to the model to ensure that at least one bank is located in any of the four counties adjacent to Pennsylvania (counties 1, 14, 15, 16).
This constraint would be a binary constraint, meaning that a certain variable must be either 0 or 1. In this example, the constraint would require that at least one of the four counties (1, 14, 15, 16) must be selected as a bank location. The constraint would be written as follows:
sum(x1, x14, x15, x16) ≥ 1
where x1, x14, x15 and x16 are binary variables representing whether or not the bank is located in each of the four counties. This constraint ensures that at least one of the counties is selected as a bank location.
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if, in an economic panic, people decide to hold their money rather than spend it, the velocity of money will: group of answer choices remain relatively constant. increase. decrease. become unpredictable.
If, in an economic panic, people decide to hold their money rather than spend it, the velocity of money will decrease.
Money velocity refers to the rate at which money is exchanged in an economy, indicating how often a single unit of currency is used to purchase goods and services within a specific period.
When people choose to hold money instead of spending it, this slows down the flow of money through the economy, resulting in a decrease in money velocity. When the velocity of money decreases, the economy's overall performance suffers because people aren't purchasing goods and services, which, in turn, slows down economic growth.
The decrease in economic activity could exacerbate the economic panic, resulting in a negative feedback loop.
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Question 5
If you are using data-driven decision-making, what action steps would you take? Select all that apply.
If you are using data-driven decision-making, the action steps you would take include collecting and analyzing data to identify trends and patterns. Here option A, B, C, and D are the correct answer.
Using data to inform and guide decision-making (option b), continuously monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of decisions (option c), and making adjustments to decisions based on data analysis (option d). Options e, ignoring data and making decisions based on intuition, is not a step in data-driven decision-making.
Data-driven decision-making involves using data to make informed decisions. By collecting and analyzing data, you can identify trends and patterns that can help guide your decision-making. Continuously monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of your decisions allows you to make adjustments based on data analysis. This approach helps ensure that your decisions are based on evidence rather than intuition.
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Complete question:
If you are using data-driven decision-making, what action steps would you take? Select all that apply.
a. Collect and analyze data to identify trends and patterns.
b. Use data to inform and guide decision-making.
c. Continuously monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of decisions. d. Make adjustments to decisions based on data analysis.
e. Ignore data and make decisions based on intuition.
for the past six years, the stock price of slippery rock mining has been increasing at a rate of 7.8 percent per year. currently, the stock is selling for $80 per share and has a required return of 9.8 percent. what is the dividend yield?
The dividend yield is 2.5% (0.078/0.098).
The dividend yield is the ratio of annual dividends per share to the current stock price. Since the question does not provide information about the annual dividend per share, we can calculate it using the constant growth dividend discount model. The formula for this model is:
P = D/(r-g)
Where P is the stock price, D is the annual dividend per share, r is the required return, and g is the growth rate of dividends. We can rearrange this formula to solve for D:
D = P(r-g)
Substituting the given values, we get:
D = 80(0.098-0.078) = 2
So the annual dividend per share is $2.
The dividend yield is then calculated as:
Dividend yield = (Annual dividends per share / Current stock price) x 100%
Dividend yield = (2/80) x 100% = 2.5%
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a certain shop has three identical machines that are operated continuously except when they are broken down. because they break down fairly frequently, the top- priority assign- ment for a full-time maintenance person is to repair them whenever needed. the mean failure rate of each machine is 3 (three times per day), and the repair person is able to repair the broken down machines at a rate of 2 per day, on average. (a) develop the rate diagram for this markov chain. (b) write down time-dependent ordinary differential equations for this markov chain. (c) construct the steady-state equations. (d) determine the the steady-state probabilities.
A)The rate diagram for this Markov chain is: Markov chain for repairing of the machines
B)[tex]dR(t)/dt = 3[S1(t) + S2(t) + S3(t)] - 2R(t)Also, since S0(t) + S1(t) + S2(t) + S3(t) = 3, we get: S0(t) = 3 - [S1(t) + S2(t) + S3(t)][/tex]
C)The steady-state probabilities are:π0 = [tex]0.039π1 = 0.387π2 = 0.179π3 = 0.372.[/tex]
A. Developing a Rate Diagram for this Markov Chain:
Let S0, S1, S2, and S3 represent the number of operating machines. Since there are three machines, the number of operating machines may take any of the following values: 0, 1, 2, or 3.
Now, the rate diagram for this Markov chain is: Markov chain for repairing of the machines
B. Writing Down Time-Dependent Ordinary Differential Equations for this Markov Chain:
We have the following rate equations for the Markov chain:
Let R(t) be the number of machines in need of repair at time t. Then, the number of machines in need of repair will change at a rate of:
(i) +3R(t) as a result of each operating machine failing
,(ii) -2R(t) as a result of each operating machine being repaired.
Using these rate equations, the differential equations for R(t) are as follows:[tex]dR(t)/dt = 3[S1(t) + S2(t) + S3(t)] - 2R(t)Also, since S0(t) + S1(t) + S2(t) + S3(t) = 3,\\ we get:S0(t) = 3 - [S1(t) + S2(t) + S3(t)][/tex]
C. Constructing the Steady-State Equations:
The steady-state equations for this Markov chain are as follows:[tex]3π0 = 2π13π1 = 3π02π1 = 3π22π2 = 3π13π3 = 2π2 + π3 + 3π[/tex][tex]3π0 = 2π13π1 = 3π02π1 = 3π22π2 = 3π13π3 = 2π2 + π3 + 3π[/tex]
Using the equation S0(t) =[tex]3 - [S1(t) + S2(t) + S3(t)][/tex]
we can eliminate π0 from the above equations.
D. Determining the Steady-State Probabilities:
We have four unknowns: π1, π2, π3, and π0. From the steady-state equations,
we obtainπ0 = [tex](2/15)π1π2 = (3/8)π1π3 = (5/24)π1\\[/tex]
By substitution into the normalization condition,
we get:[tex]π1 + (2/15)π1 + (3/8)π1 + (5/24)π1 = 1,[/tex]
from whichπ1 = [tex]168/433π0 = (2/15)π1 = 0.039π2 = (3/8)π1 = 0.179π3 = (5/24)π1 = 0.372[/tex]
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raul owns a small organization and, as ceo, is very active in overseeing all aspects of the company. he meets regularly with his managers from key departments such as production, hr, and marketing to coordinate all departments. which form of organization design does raul use?
Raul is using a functional organizational design
Based on the information provided, Raul is using a functional organizational design where departments are structured based on their functions, such as production, HR, and marketing. In this structure, the CEO oversees all departments and coordinates their activities to ensure the smooth operation of the organization. Regular meetings with managers from key departments is also a characteristic of a functional design, as cross-functional coordination is essential in this type of structure..
This type of design is efficient as it allows for specialization within each department, leading to increased productivity and cost-effectiveness. However, it may also lead to communication and collaboration challenges across departments.
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an aging of a company's accounts receivable indicates that $10,000 are estimated to be uncollectible. if allowance for doubtful accounts has a $1,100 credit balance, the adjustment to record bad debts for the period will require a group of answer choices debit to bad debts expense for $10,000. debit to allowance for doubtful accounts for $8,900. debit to bad debts expense for $8,900. credit to allowance for doubtful accounts for $10,000.
debit for [tex]$10000[/tex] to Bad Debt Expense and debit for [tex]$8900\\[/tex] to Bad Debt Expense.
A receivable that may eventually turn into a bad debt is known as a doubtful account or uncertain debt. Establishing a provision for doubtful accounts is crucial for your balance sheet and revenue statement if customers make purchases on credit.
It is documented under assets as a reduction after the accounts receivables line and is created in a reserve account, also referred to as a contra account, which lowers your accounts receivables. Calculate the amount of receivables that could turn into bad debts over a specific period of time and apply that amount to your reserve account.
debit to Bad Debt Expense for[tex]$10000\\[/tex]
debit to Bad Debt Expense for [tex]$8900.\\[/tex]
credit to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for [tex]$10000.\\[/tex]
debit to Bad Debt Expense for[tex]$11100.[/tex]
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12. assume the tax cut was unexpectedly followed by a natural disaster that required a significant increase in government spending. would this increase or decrease the central banks willingness to use contractionary monetary policy? explain. * 1 point
The unexpected natural disaster would likely lead to an increase in government spending, which could lead to inflationary pressures on the economy.
In such a scenario, the central bank may become more willing to use contractionary monetary policy, such as raising interest rates or reducing the money supply, in order to combat inflation and stabilize the economy. This is because the central bank's primary goal is to maintain price stability and promote sustainable economic growth, and an increase in government spending after a tax cut may threaten these objectives.
Therefore, the central bank may be more likely to use contractionary monetary policy in response to the natural disaster and the subsequent increase in government spending.
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rabeya runs a consulting firm that works almost exclusively on project-type assignments. which type of approach to organization should rabeya use that would allow her to utilize the right people with the right skill set on each project?
Rabeya is the owner of a consultancy business that specializes nearly entirely in projects. To be able to use the correct individuals with the proper skill set on each project-type, Rabeya should organize her work using functional hierarchy.
Conglomerate (H-Form) Design: Used by a grouping of unconnected enterprises to form an entity. An organic organization may change with its surroundings rather quickly.
Planning: The Rabeya process of figuring out how to bring an organization to where it wants to go in the future and the best way to do it. 2.) Organizing: The process of creating employment, classifying jobs into units, and building hierarchies of power inside and between units and jobs.
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s the prize in a contest, you are ofered $1000 now or $1210 in 5 years. if money can be invested at 6% compounded annually, which is larger?
If if money can be invested at 6% compounded annually, taking the $1000 payment now would be larger.
To determine which option is larger, we need to calculate the present value of the $1210 payment after 5 years at a discount rate of 6%.
Using the formula for present value of a future payment, we can calculate the present value of $1210 as follows:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + r)^n
where r is the discount rate (6%) and n is the number of periods (5 years).
Present Value = 1210 / (1 + 0.06)^5
Present Value = $916.96
Therefore, the present value of the $1210 payment is $916.96.
Comparing the present value of the $1210 payment to the $1000 payment offered now, we can see that $1000 is larger than $916.96. Therefore, taking the $1000 payment now would be the better option.
This result is due to the time value of money and the fact that money can earn interest when invested. By investing the $1000 payment now, it has the potential to earn interest over the next 5 years, making it worth more than the $1210 payment at that time.
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how would you characterize the volkswagen digital lab culture, process, and philosophy? what are the core elements?
The Volkswagen Digital Lab culture is focused on innovation, agility, and customer-centricity. One core element of the Volkswagen Digital Lab culture is the emphasis on design thinking.
The process is centered around rapid prototyping and experimentation to test new ideas and validate assumptions, using data-driven insights to inform decision-making. The philosophy emphasizes collaboration, cross-functional teams, and a willingness to fail fast and learn from mistakes.
One core element of the Volkswagen Digital Lab culture is the emphasis on design thinking, a problem-solving approach that puts the customer at the center of the process.
This involves empathizing with the customer to understand their needs and pain points, defining the problem, ideating potential solutions, prototyping and testing those solutions, and iterating based on feedback.
Another key element is the focus on agile development, which involves working in short sprints, continuously delivering value to the customer, and responding quickly to changing requirements or market conditions.
Overall, the Volkswagen Digital Lab culture prioritizes innovation, speed, and customer satisfaction, and encourages a collaborative, cross-functional approach to achieving these goals.
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klein manufacturing creates large batches of standardized products used by electricians, such as wiring and switches that must be produced in standard sizes. a continuous production process would work well for klein manufacturing. group of answer choices true
The statement "klein manufacturing creates large batches of standardized products used by electricians, such as wiring and switches that must be produced in standard sizes. a continuous production process would work well for klein manufacturing." is true.
Klein Manufacturing creates large batches of standardized products like wiring and switches that are used by electricians.
These products must be produced in standard sizes, which makes them suitable for a continuous production process. In continuous production, large volumes of identical products are made with no interruptions or changes in the production line.
This type of process is efficient, cost-effective, and ideal for producing standardized products, such as those made by Klein Manufacturing. By implementing a continuous production process, Klein Manufacturing can effectively meet the demands of their customers and ensure a consistent supply of high-quality products.
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assume a company is preparing a budget for its first two months of operations. during the first and second months it expects credit sales of $50,000 and $60,000, respectively. the company expects to collect 40% of its credit sales in the month of the sale, 55% in the following month, and 5% is deemed uncollectible. what amount of cash collections from credit sales would the company include in its cash budget for the second month?
The company would include an estimated $47,500 in cash collections from credit sales in its cash budget for the second month.
To calculate the cash collections from credit sales that the company would include in its cash budget for the second month, we need to follow these steps:
Calculate the total credit sales for the second month, which is $60,000.
Here,the company would include an estimated $47,500 in cash collections from credit sales in its cash budget for the second month.
Determine the portion of credit sales that will be collected in the second month. According to the question, the company expects to collect 55% of its credit sales in the following month, which means that 55% of the $60,000 credit sales from the second month, or $33,000, will be collected in the second month.
Determine the portion of credit sales that will be collected in the first month. According to the question, the company expects to collect 40% of its credit sales in the month of the sale, which means that 40% of the $50,000 credit sales from the first month, or $20,000, will be collected in the second month.
Subtract the estimated uncollectible portion of credit sales, which is 5% of the total credit sales for both months, or $5,500 (5% of $110,000), from the total cash collections from credit sales. This gives us the net cash collections from credit sales for the second month:
$33,000 + $20,000 - $5,500 = $47,500
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opal fell on the ice and injured her hip this winter. as a result she paid $3,080 for a visit to the hospital emergency room and $830 for follow-up visits with her doctor. while she recuperated, opal paid $580 for prescription medicine and $680 to a therapist for rehabilitation. insurance reimbursed opal $1,280 for these expenses. what is the amount of opal's qualifying medical expense?
The amount of Opal's qualifying medical expense is $4,290.What is a medical expense?A medical expense refers to the cost of diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, and the costs incurred for the purpose of affecting any part or function of the body.
The cost of equipment, supplies, and diagnostic devices needed for these purposes is also a medical expense. The cost of insurance covering medical care qualifies as a medical expense. Medical expenses include dental expenses, and in this case, the costs that Opal had to incur for the treatment of her hip injury would be considered medical expenses.
Here is a breakdown of the expenses paid by Opal:$3,080 for a visit to the hospital emergency room$830 for follow-up visits with her doctor$580 for prescription medicine$680 to a therapist for rehabilitation Total = $5,170Insurance reimbursed Opal $1,280, hence the amount of Opal's qualifying medical expense is:Total medical expense - Insurance reimbursement$5,170 - $1,280 = $3,890However, as the question asks for the qualifying medical expense, we have to exclude any expense that did not meet the qualifying criteria set by the IRS. Generally, a qualifying medical expense is any expense that directly relates to the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention of a disease, or any expense that affects the structure or function of the body.
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watson company has monthly fixed costs of $82,000 and a 40% contribution margin ratio. if the company has set a target monthly income of $14,900, what dollar amount of sales must be made to produce the target income? monthunits sold cost of salesjanuary460 $33,400february860 $40,000march1,900 $52,000april2,700 $64,000using the high-low method, the estimated variable cost of sales per unit sold is: monthunits sold cost of salesjanuary580 $27,800february720 $33,000march1,200 $45,000april2,580 $57,000using the high-low method, the estimated total fixed cost is:
The amount of sales must be made to produce the target income is $305,000 (option c)
In this case, Watson Company has set a target monthly income of $14,900. This means that they have a specific goal in mind for how much profit they want to earn each month.
The contribution margin is the amount of revenue that is left over after deducting variable costs. In other words, it is the amount of money that contributes to covering fixed costs and generating profit.
The contribution margin ratio is the percentage of each dollar of sales revenue that is left over after deducting variable costs. In this case, Watson Company has a 40% contribution margin ratio.
To calculate the amount of sales revenue needed to achieve the target monthly income, we can use the following formula:
(target monthly income + fixed costs) / contribution margin ratio = required sales revenue
Plugging in the numbers from the scenario, we get:
($14,900 + $82,000) / 0.40 = $305,000
Hence the correct option is (c).
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Complete Question:
Watson Company has monthly fixed costs of $82,000 and a 40% contribution margin ratio. If the company has set a target monthly income of $14,900, what dollar amount of sales must be made to produce the target income?
a) $242,250
b) $96,900
c) $305,000
d) $37,250
e) $167,750
which of the following is a characteristic of the classical school of economics? a it emphasizes the flexibility of wages and prices. b it emphasizes the short run. c potential output is a problem since the economy cannot achieve it on its own. d it advocates that recessionary gaps can be quickly fixed with government intervention. e it advocates the use of discretionary fiscal policy.
The following is a characteristic of the classical school of economics: It emphasizes the flexibility of wages and prices (option A).
The classical school of economics is an economic concept that advocates for laissez-faire policies and free markets. It refers to the school of thought that dominated economic theory and practice in the 18th and 19th centuries. Adam Smith, Jean-Baptiste Say, David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus, and John Stuart Mill are among the most well-known classical economists.
The Classical School was a response to the economic circumstances of the time, which were characterized by rising inflation, wage increases, and a sense of laissez-faire and market-based economies.
The following is a characteristic of the classical school of economics: It emphasizes the flexibility of wages and prices. The flexibility of wages and prices is a key feature of the classical school of economics. Classical economists argue that, in the long run, wages and prices adjust to changes in supply and demand.
When demand is higher than supply, prices increase, and when supply is higher than demand, prices decrease. They believe that government intervention in the economy is dangerous because it leads to inefficiencies and hampers market-based economies, which can better allocate resources on their own.
So, option A is the correct answer.
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escalation of commitment occurs when managers:group of answer choicesrecognize that they cannot control the futurelack optimismstop supporting a poor decisionstrive to reduce their cognitive dissonance
Escalation of commitment occurs when managers stop supporting a poor decision.
What is escalation of commitment?Escalation of commitment refers to the tendency of people to invest more in a failing decision, project, or an idea in order to recover their investment, justify the decision, and avoid cognitive dissonance when confronted with the fact that the decision is not working out as intended.
How does escalation of commitment occur?Escalation of commitment occurs when decision-makers feel the need to justify their earlier decision and to avoid cognitive dissonance (mental stress or discomfort experienced by someone who holds two or more contradictory beliefs or values). Even when the decision is not working out, managers may continue to support it, invest more resources in it, and refuse to quit or change course.
How do managers display escalation of commitment?Managers display escalation of commitment when they continue to support a poor decision or project, even when the evidence suggests that it is not working out. They may also invest more resources, time, or effort in the project, hoping to turn it around. They may also deny or ignore the warning signs or feedback from others, or blame external factors for the failure of the project.
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what are the objectives of audit risk assessment, and why is it important in assessing the likelihood that fraud may occur? explain why risk assessment performed during audit planning sets the tone for the entire audit engagement.
Study of probable connections, including patterns and ratios, to analyze relationships in and between financial and non-financial information. Examples include comparing real data to the budget, revenue from licenses to the number of licenses, and import taxes to actual important information.
This equilibrium needs to be balanced at all times. The smaller the detection risk must be, the greater the inspector considers the degree of inherent and/or control risk to be. This necessitates a more thorough assessment effort. (larger sample sizes). The discovery risk will also be greater the lower the total intrinsic and control risk is estimated to be. Less real labor and more systemic work are the results. Since the planning premise needs to be confirmed and system functionality adds to total assurance, more systems and controls need to be tested. A component of both innate and control risk is fraud risk.
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what is the transition matrix for this dynamical system? use the following ordering for your rows and columns: bull market, bear market, stagnant market.
When the Markov chain is used to predict the stock market's behavior from year to year, the steady state probability of a bull market is 0.3571.
The provided Markov chain's transition matrix is as follows:
0.85 0.05 0.10
0.20 0.50 0.30
0.10 0.40 0.50
We must resolve the equation in order to determine the steady state probability.
P is the row vector of steady state probabilities, and M is the transition matrix, where P = P x M. To put it another way, we must identify the M eigenvector that corresponds to the eigenvalue of 1. Solving the equation (M - I)x = 0, where x is the column vector representing the steady state probabilities and I is the identity matrix, allows us to do this.
0.85 - 1 0.05 0 0
0.20 0.50 -1 + 1 = 0
0.10 0.40 0 0
Also, we are aware that the total probability must equal 1. As a result, we include the following restriction: When we resolve this set of equations, we obtain: Hence, the likelihood of a bull market in a steady condition is 0.3571.
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Correct Question:
your financial advisor tells you that the behaviour of the stock market from year to year is given by the following markov chain: bull market 0.85 bear market 0.050 stagnant market 0.10 0.20 0.50 0.30 0.10 0.40 0.50 what is the transition matrix for this dynamical system? use the following ordering for your rows and columns: bull market, bear market, stagnant market. .85 .2 .3 .05 .50 .4 .10 .30 .5 in the steady state, what is the probabilty of a bull market?
forever 21 is expected to pay an annual dividend of $2.87 per share in one year, which is then expected to grow by 3% per year. the required rate of return is 14%. attempt 1/10 for 1.5 pts. part 1 what is the stock's intrinsic value?
In one year, forever 21 is anticipated to give a $2.87 yearly income per share, which is then anticipated to increase by 3% annually. 14% yield on investment is needed. The intrinsic value of Forever 21's stock is $45.25 per share.
To calculate the intrinsic value of Forever 21's stock, we can use the dividend discount model, which values a stock based on its expected future dividends.
First, we need to calculate the present value of the expected future dividends. Using the formula for growing perpetuity, we can calculate the present value of the expected dividends as:
PV = D / (r - g)
Where PV is the present value of the dividends, D is the expected dividend in one year, r is the required rate of return, and g is the expected growth rate of the dividends.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
PV = 2.87 / (0.14 - 0.03)
= 24.08
This means that the present value of Forever 21's expected future dividends is $24.08 per share.
Next, we need to add the present value of any expected future stock price to get the intrinsic value. We can estimate the future stock price by using the Gordon growth model, which assumes that the stock price grows at the same rate as the dividends. Using this model, we can estimate that the future stock price will be:
P = D * (1 + g) / (r - g)
= 2.87 * 1.03 / (0.14 - 0.03)
= 31.90
Adding the present value of the future stock price to the present value of the expected dividends, we get the intrinsic value of Forever 21's stock:
Intrinsic value = PV of dividends + PV of future stock price
= 24.08 + (31.90 / (1 + 0.14)^1)
= $45.25 per share.
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one of the challenges with globalization is determining how to meet the needs of customers at very different income levels. group startstrue or false
True, one of the challenges with globalization is determining how to meet the needs of customers at very different income levels.
Globalization has revolutionized the way companies do business by allowing them to expand into new markets and tap into new sources of talent and resources. However, it also presents challenges, one of which is how to serve customers at vastly different income levels.When businesses expand their operations into developing countries, they must consider the wide range of income levels that exist there. Products and services that may be popular and affordable in wealthy countries may not be in developing ones because of disparities in wealth.This has given rise to a growing awareness of the importance of meeting the needs of consumers across all income levels, as well as an increasing recognition of the potential of low-income segments as a profitable market. Companies that ignore this trend risk missing out on significant growth opportunities.
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blackwell ink is losing significant market share and thus its managers have decided to decrease the firm's annual dividend. the last annual dividend was $0.90 a share but all future dividends will be decreased by 5 percent annually. what is a share of this stock worth today at a required return of 15 percent? multiple choice $4.07 $4.28 $4.49 $4.72 $4.95
The current share price of Blackwell Ink's share, given the firm's annual dividend and required return, is $4.28.
To calculate the value of a share of Blackwell Ink's stock, we can use the dividend discount model. The formula for this model is:
P0 = D1 / (r - g)Where P0 is the stock price today, D1 is the next year's dividend, r is the required rate of return, and g is the growth rate of dividends.
We are given the following information:
The last annual dividend was $0.90Future dividends will be decreased by 5% annuallyRequired return of 15%First, we calculate the growth rate (g):
g = -5% = -0.05Next, we calculate the next year's dividend (D1):
D1 = last annual dividend × (1 + g)D1 = $0.90 × (1 - 0.05)D1 = $0.90 × 0.95D1 = $0.855Now, we can plug these values into the formula:
P0 = $0.855 / (0.15 - (-0.05))P0 = $0.855 / (0.2)P0 = $4.275The closest answer to this value is $4.28. So, a share of Blackwell Ink's stock is worth approximately $4.28 today at a required return of 15%.
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15. which core capabilty helps to return business activities (including food and agriculture) to a healthy state? a. health and social services b. economic recovery c. housing d. operational coordination
The core capability that helps to return business activities (including food and agriculture) to a healthy state is operational coordination. The correct answer is option d.
Operational coordination refers to the process of coordinating and managing operational activities to ensure that they are aligned with the organization's goals and objectives. In the context of returning business activities to a healthy state, operational coordination plays a critical role in ensuring that all operational activities are effectively managed and coordinated to minimize disruption to the organization's operations.
By doing so, it helps to ensure that business activities, including food and agriculture, can be returned to a healthy state.
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