The ability of a cell or a body to fight against the infection is called immunity. The T cell and B cell helps the body to fight against the infection.
What are T cells?T cell is also called as T lymphocyte, it is also a important part of immune system. T cell originate in the bone marrow and mature into the thymus.
There are three types of T cells:
T helper cellT killer cellsT cytotoxic cells.Helper T cells secrete chemical messengers called cytokines. Regulatory T cells helps to control immune reactions. They are released into blood streams.
Therefore, The ability of a cell or a body to fight against the infection is called immunity. The T cell and B cell helps the body to fight against the infection.
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In addition to sunlight, which factor would need to be added to make this a stable ecosystem?
A. Predators
C. Decomposers
E. Carnivores
B. Prey
D. Herbivores
Answer:
B. Prey
Explanation:
The amount of prey dictates how much food there is and how much energy for each creature.
Scientists who study
ocean temperatures
have seen
A. that the ocean is recently becoming colder
B. that the ocean is recently becoming warmer
C. that the ocean temperatures are not changing at all
Copyright ©ang International Academy of Scienes. All Rights Rerved
Answer:
scientists who study the ocean have seen b the ocean is becoming warmer
I need to know a hypothesis
The iv
Control group
E group
Do
Constants
hich of the following is a correct ordering of the levels of biological organization from the least to the most complex? a. hydrogen, water, heart muscle cell, heart muscle cell nucleus, heart muscle tissue, heart, human. b. hydrogen, water, heart muscle cell nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart muscle tissue, heart, human c. hydrogen, water, muscle cell nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart, heart muscle tissue, human d. water, hydrogen, heart muscle cell nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart muscle tissue, heart, human. e. heart muscle cell nucleus, hydrogen, water, heart muscle cell, heart, heart muscle tissue, human
The correct option is (b)- hydrogen, water, nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart muscle tissue, heart, human
What is biological organization?
The hierarchy of intricate biological processes and structures that, in a reductionistic manner, describe life is known as biological organization. The traditional hierarchy goes from atoms to biospheres, as seen in the details below. The higher tiers of this system are frequently referred to as a hierarchical ecology or as an ecological organization idea, depending on the context.
Question:
Which of these is a correct representation of the hierarchical organization of life from least to most complex?
a. hydrogen, water, heart muscle cell, nucleus, heart muscle tissue, heart, human
b. hydrogen, water, nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart muscle tissue, heart, human
c. hydrogen, water, nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart, heart muscle tissue, human
d. water, hydrogen, nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart muscle tissue, heart, human
e. nucleus, hydrogen, water, heart muscle cell, heart, heart muscle tissue, human
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Answer:
The correct option is (b)- hydrogen, water, nucleus, heart muscle cell, heart muscle tissue, heart, human
Hope this helps
Which of the following describes a benefit of the fact that oil never wears out?
Because oil never wears out, it never needs to be replaced.
Because oil never wears out, its cost remains low.
Because oil never wears out, farmers will never run out of it.
Because oil never wears out, it can be used again and again.
The benefit that oil never wear out is that it can be used again and again.
What is oil?The term oil refers to that which could be used to prevent wear and tear. We know that friction is the force that opposes the motion of one surface on another. Thus anytime that two surfaces are in contact, we notice that the force of friction comes into play. The phenomenon of friction is the reason behind the wear and tear that is experienced when we are using the various parts of a machine that involves the movement of one part of the machine on top of another.
Having said all these, oil is the substances that is most commonly used to prevent the phenomenon of friction. We could be able to use the oil again and again.
It then follows that the benefit that oil never wear out is that it can be used again and again.
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how does energy flow trough a forest food chain web from first secondary and tertionary levels
PLS HELP I NEED THIS FOR TMR !!!
Answer: Primary producer > primary consumer > secondary consumer > tertionary consumer.
Explanation: Primary producers(plants) get their energy from the sun then when a primary consumer (organism that eats plants; herbivores) eats the primary producer it collects that energy with it. Then when the primary producer is eaten by the secondary producer( carnivores that eat smaller animals; such as wolves,crow,hawks etc.). The tertionary consumer eats the secondary consumer.(tertionary consumers are larger carnivores) therefore energy gets passed down the line all the way to the tertionary consumer.
Answer: The energy flow is unidirectional in nature.
Explanation: When these herbivores are ingested by carnivores of the first order (secondary consumers) further degradation will occur. Finally, when tertiary consumers consume the carnivores, energy will again be degraded. Moreover, in a food chain, the energy flow follows the 10 percent law.
incorporating target-mediated drug disposition in a minimal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for monoclonal antibodies
Incorporating target-mediated drug disposition in a minimal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for monoclonal antibodies is a research paper by Yanguang Cao and William J Jusko.
What is the abstract?The term "target-mediated drug disposition" (TMDD) refers to the nonlinear pharmacokinetics (PK) of medicines whose distribution and/or clearance are influenced by their targets due to high affinity and/or capacity. For this reason, TMDD in monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is frequently documented. A generic method for assessing mAbs PK and forecasting mAb interstitial concentrations in two groups of tissues is provided by minimal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models (mPBPK), which account for the specific PK behaviors of mAb. This study examined the viability of including TMDD in mPBPK models to take target-binding in plasma (cTMDD) or interstitial fluid (ISF) into consideration (pTMDD). The pTMDD model's dose-related signature profiles show a parallel early decay phase, in contrast to the cTMDD model, which shows a quicker initial decline at low doses.
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which analogy might one use when trying to describe the function of the somatic nervous system to a middle-school child?
The analogy that can be used is that it functions like a remote control moving a robotic arm.
What is the somatic nervous system?The somatic nerve system plays a crucial role in the initiation and regulation of bodily movements. Almost all of the muscles' voluntary motions are controlled by this system.
It is also in charge of handling sensory data that is received from outside stimuli, such as hearing, touch, and sight.
Two branches of the peripheral nervous system, the somatic and autonomous nervous systems, exist. These enable the spinal cord and brain to receive and transmit information to all other parts of the body.
Therefore, The analogy that can be used is that it functions like a remote control moving a robotic arm.
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What is true about the development of fish and birds?
A.
Both fish and birds contain gill slits as early embryos, and both contain gills in later development.
B.
Gill slits develop into gills in birds, but as fish develop they lose their gill slits.
C.
Gill slits develop into gills in fish, but as birds develop they lose their gill slits.
D.
Both fish and birds contain gill slits as early embryos, and neither contain gills in later development.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
correct me if i'm wrong
Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for the formation of the cell's lysosomes?
A.mitochondria
B. Golgi complex
C. chloroplasts
D. central vacuole
Answer:
Golgi complex (golgi apparatus)
Explanation:
The Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, functions as a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion.
bones in different vertebrates are if they have the same evolutionary origin but now differ in structure and function.
Answer:
homologous structures
Explanation:
something like bat wings and human hands
they evolved from a common ancestor, but are now different and used differently
what happens to the cell of a animal as you grow
Answer:
the cells divide
Explanation:
firs cell divide into 2 daughter cells and then to 4 and then it keeps on going
how can genetic variation help organisms adapt??
Answer:
Variation allows some individuals within a population to adapt to the changing environment. Because natural selection acts directly only on phenotypes, more genetic variation within a population usually enables more phenotypic variation.
Explanation:
Read and answer the questions!
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Will give brainlist to the first right person!!!
Questions
1. What signs and symptoms did Greg exhibit when he was in the house?
2. Was Mrs. Myron correct when she said that Greg was dehydrated? Which signs and symptoms are consistent
with this notion?
3. Explain how each sign or symptom can be created by dehydration.
4. Mrs. Myron thought that it was not necessary to seek medical treatment. Do you think she was correct?
1. The signs and symptoms Greg exhibited at the home were dizzy thirsts, weakness, and poor skin turgor.
2. Yes, Mrs. Myron was correct when she said that Greg was dehydrated. Dizziness, thirst, weakness, and poor skin turgor. Weakness and dizziness occur as there is reduced blood flow to the brain and other organs due to dehydration. Dehydration stimulates the thirst center of the brain and causes thirst.
3. Dehydration skin means skin lacking water. This is when we pinch the skin, due to poor skin turgor, it takes a longer time for the skin to return back to its normal position.
4. Heat stess heat exhaustion or heat stroke can be treated easily in the following ways Get out of the heat quickly and get into, lying down and elevating your legs to get blood flow to the heart, take off any extra or tight clothing, apply cool towels to the skin or take a cool bath. This will help to regulate the internal body temperature. drink fluids if the fever not getting down, or the patient goes into seizure, shock, and faints or stops breathing, immediate professional intervention becomes necessary.
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Which could be sources of error in the lab? Check all that apply.
Explanation:
the beam balance/ scale was not at zero
special conditions were not maintained
stop watch/timer was not at zero
multiple readings were not taken
liquids weren't place on level surface when measured
(what specific lab are you completing?)
A bus starts from rest and accelerates to 14 m/s in 4 s. What is the average acceleration
of the bus?
The average acceleration of the bus, given it accelerated from rest is 3.5 m/s²
How do i determine the average acceleration?We know that acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity which time.
a = (v – u) / t
Where
a is the acceleration v is the final velocity u is the initial velocity t is the timeWith the above formula, we can obatin the average acceleration as follow:
Initial velocity (u) = 0 m/sFinal velocity (v) = 14 m/sTime (t) = 4 sAverage acceleration (a) =?a = (v – u) / t
a = (14 – 0) / 4
a = 14 / 4
a = 3.5 m/s²
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i know that my organism is 2um, if i wanted to view my organism so it appears to be 2mm, what objective lens would i want to use?
40X Objective Lens will get in use.
Objective Lens- An essential component of the microscope's optics is the objective lens. The sample, specimen, or item being examined is situated close to the microscope's objective. It plays a crucial part in imaging since it creates the initial magnified picture of the sample.
Specimen- A special instance of a certain sort or species of an animal, plant, mineral, etc. utilized for research or display.
Microscope- A microscope is a tool that magnifies a small object's picture to reveal details that the unaided eye is unable to see. The most common kind of microscope is the optical microscope, which uses visible light that has been focused by lenses.
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Dna sequences in many human genes are very similar to the sequences of corresponding genes in chimpanzees. The most likely explanation for this result is that.
Since the two species are so closely related, human and chimp DNA is remarkably similar. From a single progenitor species that existed six or seven million years ago, humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos all descended. Their DNA, which is passed down from generation to generation, changed as humans and chimpanzees eventually evolved from a shared ancestor.
The latest DNA research reveals that humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas all descended from a single ancestor about 10 million years ago when combined with previously found remains. Then, according to the latest findings, humans, and chimpanzees originated from that lineage around 6 million years ago.The Hominidae is a family of organisms that includes living humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and their extinct ancestors. According to comparisons of morphology and DNA, scientists largely concur that, among the extant animals in this group, humans are most closely related to chimpanzees.Different species with comparable architecture may be homologous (shared by ancestry) or analogous (shared due to similar selective pressures). Similarities at the molecular level are proof that life has a common ancestor. Comparing DNA sequences can reveal the relationships between various species.Learn more about DNA sequences here:
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pharmacokinetics of exogenous melatonin in relation to formulation, and effects on sleep: a systematic review
The discussion of pharmacokinetics of exogenous melatonin in relation to formulation, and effects on sleep: a systematic review is given in the paragraph below:
Evidence on the clinical effectiveness of exogenous melatonin for the treatment of sleep disorders is inconclusive. This might be as a result of variations in the melatonin formulations' pharmacokinetic (PK) properties that were employed in clinical trials.
This systematic review's goal was to comprehend the connection between melatonin formulations and PK parameters as well as, to the extent possible, the effects on sleep outcomes. We conducted a systematic review to achieve this goal, and 19 papers were included. Three melatonin transdermal formulations, thirteen oral formulations, one topical, two buccal, two intravenous, and two nasogastric formulations were all included in the research. Six of the seven studies that looked at how the melatonin formulation affected sleep revealed a significant improvement in one or more sleep metrics.
The possibility of a more effective controlled release formulation that postpones maximum concentration (Cmax) was found. Different formulations and doses have an impact on melatonin PK, which raises the possibility that therapy effectiveness may be impacted. Based on the available data, we are unable to propose particular melatonin formulations and PK values for particular sleep disorders. Future research should methodically examine the effects of various melatonin formulation PK parameters on the effectiveness of treating sleep disorders and circadian disorders.
What is melatonin?Natural substances like melatonin are present in both plants and animals. It is mostly recognized in animals as a hormone secreted at night by the pineal gland in the brain, and it has long been linked to the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle.
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What is it about the structure of atp that contributes to its ability to act as an energy currency.
The high-energy phosphate bonds present in ATP contribute to its ability to act as an energy currency.
The structure that contributes to the ability to act as energy currency is the presence of phosphate bonds. The full form of ATP is Adenosine Triphosphate. As the name suggests, this molecule contains three phosphate groups.
The other component of ATP is adenosine, which is a nitrogenous base. It forms a bond with phosphate groups and sugar to give ATP.
The structure of ATP is shown in the adjoining image.
The bond formed between the phosphate groups is known as the phosphodiester bond. This bond is very strong and produces a large amount of energy when broken.
Whenever the cell needs the energy to do any work, these bonds are readily broken to release a large amount of energy.
Thus, the high-energy phosphate bonds present in ATP contribute to its ability to act as an energy currency.
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Evolution webquest: 6. In the island he visited, Darwin found_____, but not______ species of flinch. answer
Answer:
bobies none
Explanation:
Answer: You didn't give anything to find the answer
Explanation:
Because bacteria frequently grow on poorly stored food, this often leads to what?
Poorly stored food usually experiences spoilage or foodborne illnesses because bacteria often thrive there.
Bacteria can grow and breed rapidly when food is not stored properly. Microorganisms called bacteria can contaminate food and create toxins, which reduce the quality and safety of food. When food loses its taste, texture, appearance, or nutritional value, it becomes unpalatable or unsafe to eat. This is called food spoilage.
Foodborne infections can occur more frequently when dangerous bacteria are present in improperly stored food. These infections can be spread by consuming contaminated food, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort and, in some circumstances, more serious health problems.
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Provisions in the tax law that promote energy conservation and more use of alternative (nonfossil) fuels can be justified by?
Provisions in the tax law that promote energy conservation and more use of alternative nonfossil fuels can be justified by economic and social considerations. The developing countries are facing formidable challenges when they are attempted to establish an efficient system of taxes.
Provisions in the tax law that promote energy conservation are clearly justified by particular social type consideration since the tax credits for clean energy and other provisions were included in the bill that would increase the production of energy at home and will accelerate the innovation of energy abroad.
Additionally, by the investment in disadvantaged communities, projects will be prioritized that can reutilize retired infrastructure of fossil fuel and will employ the displaced workers as it included the particular incentives for the practices of climate-smart agriculture, the IRA would make meaningful progress as it will be forwarding towards a fair, equitable as well as the economic type of clean energy transition.
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The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is.
Thyroxine hormone is a hormone that plays an important role in regulating metabolic rate and hence body temperature.
Thyroxine is a hormone that is important in regulating body's metabolism and thus body temperature. Because it is released into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland, this hormone is also known as thyroid hormone. Thyroxine (T4) is the inactive form of thyroid hormone that is later transformed into active triiodothyronine (T3).
Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are two major hormones released into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland. Thyroid hormones stimulate all cells and regulate biological processes like metabolic activity, development, reproduction, and growth.
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Plants make sugar through photosynthesis, but they don't need that sugar
for anything. True or false
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Answer:
False!
Explanation:
They need it to make glucose!
Which policy design will BEST ensure that brine shrimp will continue to live in the Great Salt Lake?
The policy design which will best ensure that brine shrimp will continue to live in the Great Salt Lake is the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act.
What is a Policy?This is referred to as a plan or guidelines which are laid down by individuals and organizations so as to achieve long term goals.
Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act was set up to protect the marine environment by ensuring that there is no population from various sources. When it is polluted, the brine shrimp which is an example of an organism who live in the marine environment may leave the Great Salt Lake to more conducive places.
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Is exponential economic growth incompatible with environmental sustainability?
Answer:
The global economy recycles less than 10 percent of materials; about 50 percent of processed materials are used to provide energy and are thus not available for recycling. It is simple: economic growth is not compatible with environmental sustainability.
Answer:
The global economy recycles less than 10 percent of materials; about 50 percent of processed materials are used to provide energy and are thus not available for recycling. It is simple: economic growth is not compatible with environmental sustainability.
Explanation:
Sustainability Is Not Only Compatible With Growth, It Requires It – But Only With Targeted Innovation. Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own.
Economic growth is closely linked to increasing production, consumption and resource use, which has negative effects on nature, climate and human health. Moreover, current research suggests that it is unlikely that economic growth can be completely detached from its environmental impacts, the EEA briefing notes.
Economic growth will be undermined without adequate environmental safeguards, and environmental protection will fail without economic growth. The earth's natural resources place limits on economic growth. These limits vary with the extent of resource substitution, technical progress, and structural changes.
The genes for the traits that mendel worked with are either all located on different chromosomes or behave as if they were. How did this help mendel recognize the principle of independent assortment?.
The genes for the traits that Mendel worked with are either all located on different chromosomes or behave as if they were. This helps Mendel recognize the principle of independent assortment as otherwise, his dihybrid crosses would not produce a 9 : 3 : 3: 1 ratio of F2 phenotypes in a generation.
Mendel discovered the principle of independent assortment after performing a specific dihybrid cross as it is between plants that had any two traits which include seed color and pod color which are different from one another. Whenever these plants were allowed to pollinate themselves by self-pollination, he then noticed that the same ratio that is 9:3:3:1 appeared among the offspring produced also.
The Principle of Independent Assortment determines how different types of genes get independently separate from each another when the development of reproductive cells takes place. The Independent assortment of genes as well as their corresponding traits was actually first observed by Gregor Mendel during his genetics studies in pea plants.
This principle in genetics otherwise depicts as those hereditary units occurring in pairs that are separated during the formation of gametes so that each and every gamete receives some trait but only by one member of a pair. It is also called the law of segregation.
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A channel protein, but not a carrier protein, can exist in a open configuration creating a pore through a membrane. True or false?.
True. On one side of the membrane, carrier proteins bind to molecules or ions and release them on the opposite side.
Channel proteins are found in membranes surrounding cells or organelles. Cells use many different molecules that need to cross the membrane for internal use or be exported to the extracellular space. Some small, non-polar molecules can cross membranes directly, whereas larger or charged molecules must use specialized proteins or endo/exocytosis to enter and exit.
Channel proteins allow these molecules to enter and exit cells, usually without expending energy. Examples include aquaporins, which allow polar water molecules to penetrate. Another example plays an important role in cell communication. Ligand-gated ion channel. In order for these channel proteins to open, they need a binding ligand (ligands are molecules that act as the "key" for the channel protein). The presence of a ligand signals the protein to open, making it easier for molecules to pass through.
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Trey wrote a few steps to describe how carbon circulates between the atmosphere and living organisms.
Step 1. Carbon enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide from respiration and the burning of fossil fuels.
Step 2. Plants absorb carbon dioxide in the air and use it to make their own food using photosynthesis.
Step 3. Plant-eating animals consume the carbon stored in plants.
If step 2 is removed, which statement best describes the effects of this missing step on the carbon cycle? (2 points)
Less carbon is stored in the ground for long-term storage.
There is a decrease in the amount of carbon stored in the air.
More carbon is stored in plants instead of the air.
Animals consume foods without stored carbon.
If step 2 is removed, the statement which best describes the effects of this missing step on the carbon cycle is less carbon is stored in the ground for long-term storage and is denoted as option A.
What is Photosynthesis?This is referred to as the process in which green plants manufacture food in the presence of sunlight and use certain compounds such as carbon dioxide, water etc.
Plants are primarily responsible for absorbing carbon dioxide from the air and storing it in the form of Soil organic carbon in the ground which is why less carbon will be stored in the ground for long-term storage when plants don't absorb carbon dioxide in the air and use it to make their own food using photosynthesis.
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