Identity the emergent properties that have occurred on various levels of biological hierarchy that were caused by the origin of dinosaurs. Drag the appropriate emergent properties to their respective bins. 1. in decine in the abundance of lineages with sprawling at 2. more available oxygen in muscles while running 3. ability to run for a long distance 4. an increase in the abundance of dinosaur species 5. ability to run and breathe at the same time Tissue level: Organism level: Community level:

Individuals with the sickle-cell anemia trait are more likely to survive a malarial infection because inherit a genetic variation, causing them to alter a substance that makes them more resistant to bacteria.

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Complete question Individuals with the sickle-cell anemia trait are more likely to survive a malarial infection and have increased reproductive success

in malaria-prone areas. This is because individuals with sickle-cell anemia

A inherit a genetic variation, causing them to alter a substance that makes

them more resistant to bacteria.

B. control a genetic variation, causing them to selectively express a gene thatmakes them more resistant to a parasite.

C develoop a genetic variation, causing them to lose a gene that makes them

better able to avoid an infection caused by malaria.

D. inherit a genetic variation, causing them to manufacture a substance that

makes them better able to withstand the effects of malaria.

Arctic Tern has the longest migration trips of any bird. The Arctic Tern is known for its remarkable annual migration, which takes it from its breeding grounds in the Arctic regions to its non-breeding areas in the Antarctic and back again. So the correct option is C .

This round-trip migration covers a distance of approximately 44,000 miles (70,900 kilometers), making it the longest migration of any bird. The Arctic Tern spends most of its life in flight and can travel up to 56 miles (90 kilometers) per hour. Its migration is driven by the availability of food, with the birds following a route that takes them over areas of abundant prey.

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Answer:

Advantages of using hydrogen as a fuel source:

Renewable: Hydrogen is a renewable resource because it can be produced from sources such as water and biomass.

Clean: When hydrogen is burned or used in a fuel cell to produce electricity, the only byproduct is water vapor, making it a clean source of energy.

Versatile: Hydrogen can be used in a variety of ways, including as a fuel for vehicles, as a heating source, and as a means of storing energy.

Disadvantages of using hydrogen as a fuel source:

Cost: Producing and storing hydrogen can be expensive due to the current technology and infrastructure needed.

Safety: Hydrogen is highly flammable and can be dangerous if not handled properly.

Production methods: Currently, the most common method for producing hydrogen is through steam methane reforming, which generates carbon emissions and is not a completely clean process.

Comparison with fossil fuels and other alternative energies:

Compared to fossil fuels, hydrogen is a cleaner and more sustainable energy source. It produces no greenhouse gas emissions and has the potential to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, the production and storage of hydrogen are still relatively expensive and not widely available.

Compared to other alternative energies such as wind and solar power, hydrogen has the advantage of being storable and transportable, making it a more reliable source of energy. However, the production and infrastructure required for hydrogen production is still in development and requires further investment to become more widely available.

In the investing life hot plants offer heat rewards, the hypothesis that scientists were testing about the heat production by flowers can be the following: the heat produced by flowers helps with seed germination and plants produce heat during blooming.

The hypothesis that scientists were testing about the heat production by flowers can be the following: Plants produce heat during blooming, to aid in pollination by luring insects and bees. According to this hypothesis, plants emit heat while blooming, which can help pollinate them by attracting insects and bees.

The researchers can collect data to see if heat emission increases during blooming compared to other times of the plant's growth cycle. They can measure the amount of heat emitted by flowers and observe whether or not it attracts pollinators such as insects and bees. Plants might produce heat to help with seed germination, which would increase their chances of survival.

A second hypothesis the scientists were testing could be that the heat produced by flowers helps with seed germination. The researchers would observe whether or not seeds germinate more effectively when exposed to heat, as opposed to not having any heat at all.

They can also measure the amount of heat produced and the duration of its release in relation to the germination of seeds. Scientists could have other hypotheses as well, based on the results of their observations and experiments. To verify their hypotheses, they would need to conduct experiments and gather data, which can then be analyzed and evaluated.

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A biologist is studying cells from a new organism recently discovered in a rain forest. He determines that the somatic cells contain a total of eight chromosomes. Possible combinations of chromosomes could this organism produce as a result of independent assortment is 16.

Assume the organism reproduces sexually. Asexual reproduction occurs without genetic recombination, meaning that the offspring is genetically identical to the parent. On the other hand, sexual reproduction requires two parents and results in offspring that have a unique combination of genes. In sexually reproducing organisms, chromosomes are combined and shuffled to produce offspring that differ from their parents in their genetic make-up. During meiosis, the process of creating gametes, the chromosomes are randomly arranged, and each gamete gets only one chromosome from each homologous pair.

Independent assortment is a process that occurs during meiosis. The two homologous chromosomes in each pair can line up independently of how the others are lined up, which allows for a variety of possible combinations.

The possible number of combinations can be calculated using the following formula:

2^n

Where n is the number of homologous chromosome pairs that undergo independent assortment. In the case of the newly discovered organism with 8 chromosomes, it has 4 pairs of homologous chromosomes.

Therefore, the number of possible combinations of chromosomes is: 2^4 = 16

Therefore, the organism can produce 16 possible combinations of chromosomes as a result of independent assortment.

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The most significant difference is that mtDNA is inherited maternally, while nuclear DNA is inherited from both parents.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a single-stranded circular molecule of DNA that is present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells outside the nucleus. It is essential for the production of energy in the cell. Nuclear DNA, on the other hand, is the DNA found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that is responsible for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.

mtDNA differs from nuclear DNA in many ways. mtDNA is a small DNA molecule, while nuclear DNA is a large DNA molecule. mtDNA has a high rate of mutation, while nuclear DNA has a relatively low rate of mutation.

mtDNA does not recombine, while nuclear DNA recombines during meiosis. mtDNA is haploid, while nuclear DNA is diploid. mtDNA is used primarily for evolutionary and population genetic studies. In contrast, nuclear DNA is used for paternity testing, forensic analysis, and identifying specific diseases.

In conclusion, mtDNA and nuclear DNA are two types of DNA that differ significantly in their size, inheritance patterns, mutation rates, recombination, and applications.

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The term "sustainability" refers to the ability to meet present-day requirements without compromising the capacity of future generations to do the same.

Some of these are fossil fuels, including coal and oil. Imported fossil fuels, primarily oil and some coal, account for more than 80% of Hawaii's total energy use for electricity, ground, and air travel.

About 100 farms that are large enough to sell to grocery shops provide the majority of the locally grown food that Hawaiians eat. Comerford remarks, "That's not a terrific place to start from." Hawaii offers a year-round growing season and fertile ground.

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The inability of the left side of the heart to pump blood properly results in a blood backlog in the pulmonary circulation, which in turn leads to pulmonary edoema.

Cancer, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, congestive heart failure, and those conditions are the most typical causes of pleural effusion. The distinction between an exudate and a transudate is made possible by a pleural fluid puncture (pleural tap), and this distinction now serves as the basis for subsequent diagnostic testing.

Pulmonary congestion is linked to left-sided heart failure. Blood that is rich in oxygen is sent to the left side of the heart. Pulmonary edoema results from blood pooling in the lungs' blood arteries when the left side is not functioning properly.

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The mutualistic relationship between flowers and their pollinators developed through the process of coevolution.

Coevolution is the process by which two or more species, each evolving in response to selection imposed by the other, reciprocally influence each other's adaptations over time. Coevolutionary interactions often result in specialized interactions between pairs of species.

Coevolution between species is best demonstrated by mutualistic relationships such as flowering plants and their pollinators. Flowers have evolved a variety of mechanisms to attract their pollinators, such as specific colorations, patterns, and fragrances.

Likewise, pollinators have evolved traits that allow them to more easily obtain nectar and pollen from flowers, such as longer proboscises, specialized mouthparts, or the ability to see ultraviolet light.

This coevolutionary relationship benefits both parties, ensuring that the plant is able to reproduce and the pollinator is able to obtain the resources they need.

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When parents adopt non-genetic offspring, divorce, or remarry other partners, so-called blended families are the result.

A blended family is a family unit created when parents marry or live together after having children with other people. Blended families occur when parents have a nongenetic offspring or when they divorce or remarry other partners. Blended families are formed as a result of various changes in life, such as adoption or the remarriage of a single parent.

Families need time and patience to adapt to new situations, and sometimes the process is complicated. Blended families necessitate careful communication and an understanding of how to handle disagreements. Parents must work together to establish new family norms, develop strong relationships with each other, and work together to provide a supportive environment for their children.

Non-genetic offspring: An offspring who is not biologically related to one or both of their parents is known as a "non-genetic offspring. It can occur in situations where a child is adopted, conceived via surrogacy or donor egg or sperm, or born via in vitro fertilization.

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There is some evidence of interbreeding, it is thought to have been limited and not enough to significantly contribute to the modern human genome.

The prevailing view is that modern Europeans did not come from Neandertals. This view is based on the fact that the fossil records of Neandertals and modern Europeans do not show a direct line of descent. Instead, they suggest that modern Europeans are descended from the first Homo sapiens, who migrated out of Africa into Europe sometime around 40,000 to 45,000 years ago. While Neandertals and Homo sapiens did interbreed, there is no evidence that any of the Neandertal genes remain in modern Europeans. In short, modern Europeans are not descendants of Neandertals.
Generations of scientists have debated whether the Neanderthals were ancestral to modern Europeans. However, the current view is that this is not the case. Instead, the prevailing view proposes that modern humans evolved from a common ancestor that existed in Africa. This ancestor then migrated out of Africa and eventually replaced other hominids, such as Neanderthals, in Europe and Asia. The denial of Neanderthal ancestry is based on genetic evidence. Studies have shown that Neanderthals are genetically distinct from modern humans, suggesting that they did not interbreed extensively.

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The addition of a phosphate to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy.  So this statement is true.

The addition of a phosphate to ADP is a process known as phosphorylation, which occurs during cellular respiration. During this process, a molecule of ADP combines with a molecule of inorganic phosphate and a hydrogen ion (H+) to form ATP. This reaction releases energy which is used by the cell to perform various metabolic functions. In addition, the ATP molecule can be used for energy storage and transfer of energy to other parts of the cell. ADP and ATP are nucleotide molecules that can be found in all living organisms.


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These can help us understand the origins of life and humanity, the evolution of the planet and its environment across time, and the once-connected nature of the continents that are now widely separated.

The most recent layers to be formed are those at the top, closest to the Earth's surface. Lower layers are older. In locations where sedimentary rocks are present, it is fairly simple to trace Earth's geologic history because these rocks build on top of one another.

ammonites, Typically, the hard components remain while the soft parts rot away or degrade.

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The correct equation for photosynthesis showing the reactants on the left of the equal sign and products on the right of the equal sign is given below:6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Photosynthesis is the process that converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in organic compounds, primarily carbohydrates such as glucose. In plants, photosynthesis takes place mainly in the chloroplasts, specialized organelles that contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs light energy.

Most plants are autotrophic, meaning they can generate their food through photosynthesis. This distinguishes them from heterotrophs, which must ingest food to obtain the energy they need to survive. Photosynthesis allows autotrophs to generate their food directly from light, air, and water, providing them with the energy they need to carry out life processes.

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Analyses of certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have revealed that there is no scientific basis for dividing people into distinct human races.

What are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)? A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a variation in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence that happens in the same spot on the genome in at least 1% of the population.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been used in research to investigate genetic differences between people for several reasons.

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Answer: In 1869 of On the Origin of Species by British naturalist Charles Darwin, which suggested that organisms best adjusted to their environment are the most successful in surviving and reproducing

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The crown outline of a canine viewed from the proximal view is crescent-shaped.

The canine tooth is the largest of the four types of teeth located between the incisors and premolars. The crown of the canine tooth is crescent-shaped when viewed from the proximal view.Incisors are the front teeth in your mouth that are used to cut and bite food. They are located in the middle of the mouth and are used for biting and cutting. The front four teeth in the upper and lower jaw are known as incisors

There are eight incisors in an adult human mouth. The upper incisors are known as central incisors, while the lower ones are known as lateral incisors. The human incisors are flat and have a chisel-like edge that is sharp. They are positioned in the front of the mouth and are used for biting and cutting food.

Canines, also known as cuspids or eye teeth, are the pointy teeth located between the incisors and the premolars in the human mouth. There are two on the top and two on the bottom in the adult human mouth. They are thicker and stronger than the incisors, making them ideal for tearing meat from bones.

They have long roots, allowing them to fit tightly into the jawbone. The shape of the crown outline of the canine teeth, like the incisors, is triangular when viewed from the proximal view.

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The energy used in water erosion initially comes from the sun. Water erosion is a major geological force. Rainfall, flooding, and wave action can produce erosion.

Water erosion, or the separation and transport of soil by water, is a powerful geological force. Erosion is often brought on by water, such as when it rains, when it floods, or when it causes waves.

Although water erosion occurs naturally, it can be triggered or hastened by human actions. Explain the nature of energy. What we call "energy" is the capacity to perform some kind of action.

There is a wide variety of mechanisms by which energy can be transferred from one thing to another. Light bulbs are devices that transform electrical energy into visible light.

The engine converts mechanical energy into forward motion for the vehicle. The mechanism of water erosion. Soil erosion occurs when water flows over and washes away soil particles.

Most of the precipitation that falls to the ground will either be absorbed by the ground or will run off into neighboring rivers and streams. Soil particles are picked up and washed away by water as it flows over the ground.

As more and more dirt is gathered, the water becomes weighed down by the mud and silt and flows rapidly downward. This torrent of water is powerful enough to topple trees, change landscapes, and carry away rocks.

Sediment is carried by moving water and is eventually deposited when the water slows or when it enters a different environment. Thus, the sun is the primary source of energy for water erosion.

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The phenotype "agouti" would be matched with the genotype AaBb, "solid color" with the genotype AaBB or Aabb, "black" with the genotype AABB or AABb, and "albino" with the genotype cc. This is because the presence of the gene C/c (epistasis) determines the fur color of the mouse, and the genotypes above show the different combinations of alleles. If two recessive alleles (cc) are present, it will result in an albino (white) mouse.

Explanation:
Physical characteristics like the fur color of a mouse are determined by the combination of genes in the organism's DNA. Epistasis is a phenomenon in which the expression of one gene affects the expression of another gene. When an organism reproduces, genes are inherited by offspring from their parents. In the context of this problem, the genes involved in determining fur color are A/a, B/b, and C/c. C is the gene that has an epistatic effect on fur color.

Here, are the matched genotypes with phenotypes: AaBbcc - agouti solid colorAaBBCC - solid colorAgouti black - AAbbCc, AaBbCcAlbino - aabbcc, aabbCc, aabbCC, aaBbcc, aaBbCc, aaBBcc.The label agouti solid color matches with the genotype AaBbcc. The solid color matches the genotype AaBBCC. The label agouti black matches with the genotypes AAbbCc and AaBbCc. The label albino matches with the genotypes aabbcc, aabbCc, aabbCC, aaBbcc, aaBbCc, and aaBBcc.

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The statement "In type 2 diabetes, the body's cells do not respond adequately to the hormone insulin" is true because when the cells don't respond, the body cannot adequately use the glucose from the bloodstream for energy, resulting in high blood sugar levels.

When the cells don't respond, the body cannot adequately use the glucose from the bloodstream for energy, resulting in high blood sugar levels. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing glucose from the bloodstream to enter the body's cells for energy.Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of factors, including genetics and lifestyle.

Being overweight or obese, having a sedentary lifestyle, and consuming a diet high in processed foods and sugar are all risk factors. Treatment for type 2 diabetes typically involves making lifestyle changes such as exercising more and eating a healthy diet, as well as taking medications or insulin if needed.

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The compound that helps to transport fatty acids from the cytosol of the cell to the mitochondria for energy production is carnitine.

The process of transporting fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane is called beta-oxidation.

Beta-oxidation is the breakdown of fatty acids in the mitochondria to release energy. Fatty acids are oxidized to produce ATP during beta-oxidation. ATP is used as the primary source of energy for the cells of our body.

The major fatty acid transporter into mitochondria is carnitine. This process is essential for the utilization of fatty acids in the cell.

Fatty acids can't cross the inner mitochondrial membrane on their own. They require the help of carnitine to do so.

Carnitine helps transport fatty acids by forming a complex with them. The complex of carnitine and fatty acid is called acylcarnitine.

Acylcarnitine is then transported into the mitochondrial matrix. In the mitochondrial matrix, the fatty acid undergoes beta-oxidation. As a result of beta-oxidation, ATP is produced as a source of energy for the cells.

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Answer: When grown at room temperature, Serratia marcescens cells produce a red pigment. This is an example of the production of pigments by bacteria.

What is pigment production?

Bacteria produce pigments, which are often colored organic molecules, as a result of secondary metabolism. Pigment production in bacteria is commonly related to sporulation and antibiotic formation.

Pigment production is a widespread phenomenon in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Pigments are classified into two types. Primary pigments, such as chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll, are involved in photosynthesis.

Secondary pigments, such as carotenoids, phycobilins, and melanins, are not involved in photosynthesis. Secondary pigments, on the other hand, aid in survival under hostile environmental circumstances.

Production of red pigment by Serratia marcescens: Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacteria. It is a facultative anaerobe, which means it can survive with or without oxygen.

Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic pathogen that is found in soil, water, and on plants. At room temperature, it produces a red pigment called prodigiosin that is heat-stable and nonfluorescent.

Prodigiosin production is regulated by quorum sensing. The pigment serves as a protective barrier against predation by nematodes and amoebae, as well as survival in hostile environments.

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The scientific name for an organism is made from the names like, generic or generic epithet and a specific name (specific epithet).

A name is made up of the common name and the unique epithet. The generic name is the name of the genus to which the species belongs, but the specific epithet refers to the species within that genus. Similar to how sapiens is the particular epithet and Homo is the species in the word "Homo sapiens."

An organism, whether it contains one cell or many, is made up by cells, the fundamental unit of life. As was already explained, the cell is the basic unit of all living things. The binomial name of the species can be condensed by utilizing the initial letter of the generic name, a dot, and the specific epithet.

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Answer:

see below

Explanation:

_______________________________________

Related information:-

Features of genetic code:-

________________________________________

The location labeled 3 is called the lumen. Protons and oxygen molecules are found in this location in Photosystem II. In Photosystem I, electrons and protons are found.

The lumen is a space within the thylakoid membrane that is present in the chloroplast. In the thylakoid, photosynthetic electron transport occurs. It is the site of ATP production through photophosphorylation as well as the site of water oxidation in Photosystem II in the electron transport chain. The location labeled 3 is also referred to as the primary electron acceptor.

The specific molecules found in this location in Photosystem II are protons and oxygen molecules. In Photosystem I, the electrons and protons are found. The Lumen is the location where ATP is generated in both Photosystems 1 and 2, and it is the site where O2 is released from water in the thylakoid membrane.

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The Epeli Hau'ofa describes the views of people in a dominant position by characterizing them as a self-fulfilling prophecy.

The views are perpetuated by the use of language and symbols that reinforce the perception that the dominant group is superior, and the inferior group is inferior. The consequences of these views can be significant and long-lasting, as they can perpetuate inequality and perpetuate the power imbalance between the two groups.

Epeli Hau'ofa's description of people in a dominant position and how their views are perpetuated is very relevant in today's world. Many countries have struggled with issues of inequality and racism, and the views of the dominant group have played a significant role in perpetuating these problems.

In conclusion, Epeli Hau'ofa describes the views of people in a dominant position as a self-fulfilling prophecy that is perpetuated by the use of language and symbols. The consequences of these views can be significant and long-lasting, perpetuating inequality and perpetuating the power imbalance between the two groups.

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We can see here that writing a paragraph using classification text type, we have:

Food processing can be classified into various categories based on the different methods used to transform raw ingredients into consumable food products. One category is thermal processing, which involves the use of heat to sterilize and preserve food, such as canning or pasteurization. Another category is mechanical processing, which involves physically altering the texture or shape of food, such as grinding or milling.  Finally, biological processing involves the use of living organisms to produce or alter food products, such as fermentation or culturing. By understanding the different categories of food processing, we can better appreciate the vast array of food products available to us and the complex processes involved in bringing them to our tables.

A paragraph is a self-contained unit of writing that consists of one or more sentences that relate to a single topic or idea.

Typically, a paragraph begins with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea or argument of the paragraph, and is followed by supporting sentences that provide evidence, examples, or explanation to develop and reinforce the topic sentence.

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After experimenting with the effects of pH on enzymes, it can be suspected that the human body maintains a constant blood pH. This is because enzymes in the human body work best at a specific pH range, and any change in pH can denature the enzymes and hinder their functionality. Thus, the human body has an adaptive advantage by regulating the pH of blood.

The pH of blood in the human body is typically maintained at a slightly basic pH range of 7.35-7.45. This is accomplished through the regulation of hydrogen ion concentration in the blood, which is primarily managed by the lungs and kidneys. The lungs regulate carbon dioxide levels, which can affect blood pH, by controlling the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled. The kidneys excrete excess hydrogen ions in urine and reabsorb bicarbonate ions, which can help buffer blood pH.

Maintaining a constant blood pH is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, enzymes in the human body work best at a specific pH range. Any change in pH can denature the enzymes and hinder their functionality. Secondly, changes in blood pH can also affect the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin, which can lead to impaired gas exchange in the lungs. Finally, maintaining a constant blood pH is important for maintaining cellular function and preventing tissue damage.

In summary, the human body maintains a constant blood pH due to the need for enzymes to function optimally, the importance of gas exchange in the lungs, and the need to prevent tissue damage. This is accomplished through the regulation of hydrogen ion concentration in the blood, which is primarily managed by the lungs and kidneys.

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Answer:

Explanation:

B is the answer it Allele means DNA or genes .