Answer: at each trophic level of organisms It is an upright pyramid because producers are always more numerous in an ecosystem than other trophic levels. Charles Elton proposed the number pyramid in 1927. Charles emphasized the significant difference in the number of organisms involved in each level.
Explanation: Numbers pyramid Definition One of the three diagrammatic representations used in ecology to depict the ecosystem is a pyramid of numbers. This diagram depicts the total number of organisms at each level of the food chain.
Pyramid of Numbers Overview
Significant Ecological Pyramids:
Pyramid of Numbers Varieties:
The Ecological Pyramids' Importance:
if a dna strand has the organic base sequence t, t, a, g, c, a, the corresponding base sequence of a messenger rna molecule would be
If a dna strand has the organic base sequence t, t, a, g, c, a, the corresponding base sequence of a messenger rna molecule would be A, A, U, G, C, U.
What does RNA stands for ?Ribonucleic acid, sometimes known as RNA, is a nucleic acid that is present in all living cells and has characteristics similar to those of DNA. But unlike DNA, RNA is typically single-stranded. As opposed to DNA's deoxyribose backbone, an RNA molecule's backbone is built up of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose.
A polymeric molecule called ribonucleic acid is crucial for a number of biological processes, including the coding, decoding, control, and expression of genes. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a type of nucleic acid, as is RNA.
Types of RNA :There are three types of RNA
mRNA - messenger RNA
rRNA - ribosomal RNA
tRNA - transfer RNA
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how is searching for a treatment for a genetic disease different from that for a disease caused by something else, such as bacteria or viruses?
For disease caused by bacteria or viruses there is generally one type of treatment that is majorly effective in maximum of the population, However for genetic disease there is no one treatment. A person's entire genetic makeup might be needed to study to find the right treatment.
Genetic diseases are those that cause alterations (also called mutations) in the genes of a person. They are either non-curable or their treatment is mostly very expensive. These disease are inheritable to the offspring.
The genetic makeup of an organism comprises of the total number of chromosomes, the genetic sequence and how the genetic information is encoded in the genes.
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which portion of the cerebal cortext lies directly behind the forehead and is involved in speaking, muscle movements and making plans
Frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex lies directly behind the forehead and is involved in speaking, muscle movements and making plans.
Frontal Lobe- The frontal lobes of the human brain are the largest and most often affected by traumatic brain injury. Expressive language, voluntary movement, and higher level executive functions are all tightly regulated by the frontal lobes.
Cerebral Cortex- Language and information processing are two sophisticated brain operations that require the cerebral cortex. The frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes make up the four lobes that make up the cerebral cortex. The cerebrum's main job is to regulate the body's voluntary muscular motions.
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in dna sequencing, how does the addition of dideoxynucleoside triphosphates (ddntps) terminate the synthesis of new dna? group of answer choices
in dna sequencing, how does the addition of dideoxynucleoside triphosphates (ddntps) terminate the synthesis of new dna is
The ddNTPs have a hydrogen instead of a hydroxyl group at the 3' end, which prevents the addition of nucleotides.
What is dideoxynucleoside triphosphates (ddntps)?
Dideoxynucleoside triphosphates (ddNTPs) stop the bio-polymerization of DNA and are a crucial chemical part of DNA sequencing technology, which is a fundamental tool for molecular biology research today. By detecting the terminated DNA fragment following a single labeled ddNTP incorporation into DNA under PCR conditions, radiolabeled or fluorescent dye labeled ddNTP analogues are utilized in this method to sequence DNA.
Pyrrolidine nucleoside triphosphates (prNTPs), a novel amino-functionalized ddNTP analogue that was rationally designed, was synthesized in this study along with their polymerase activity with DNA polymerase as measured by LC-MS and Gel-electrophoretic methods.
The incorporation of prNTPs into DNA oligonucleotides with Therminator DNA polymerase as similar control substrate ddNTP is clearly supported by the Mass and PAGE studies. As a result, the prNTP incorporation with polymerase functionalizes the DNA oligonucleotide as an amine group. As a result, prNTPs offer ways to make desired conjugated DNA with other biomolecules, dyes, or fluorescent compounds without changing the structure of the nucleobase.
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Which conservation effort specifically benefits species that are almost extinct?
A. National Parks
B. reducing pollutants put into the air
C. Endangered Species Act
D. habitat preservations
Endangered Species Act, specifically benefits species that are almost extinct.
Define Endangered Species.An endangered species is one that is thought to be on the verge of extinction, whether it be an animal or a plant. A species may be designated as endangered at the state, federal, and international levels. The list of endangered species is governed by the Endangered Species Act, which is handled at the federal level.
Define Endangered Species Act.The Endangered Species Act (ESA) was approved by Congress in 1973. The federal government has a responsibility under the ESA to protect threatened species, endangered species, and critical habitat. Threatened species are those that are on the verge of going extinct throughout much or all of their range (areas vital to the survival of endangered or threatened species)
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chloroplasts are proposed to have arisen after archaea cells engulfed , in endosymbiosis, allowing the engulfed cell to remain, with specialized function.
Chloroplasts are proposed to have arisen after archaea cells engulfed Photosynthetic bacteria in endosymbiosis, allowing the engulfed cell to remain, with specialized function.
What is a bacteria?
Prokaryotes are microscopic living things that lack an organelle and a clearly defined nuclear membrane. One variety of prokaryote is bacteria. They can be found everywhere and are essential to both human health and sickness.
According to endosymbiotic theory, a big tiny Archaean organism absorbed a photosynthesis-capable microscopic living organism. It turned out to be a photosynthetic bacteria. The photosynthetic creature thrived inside the larger cell in a mutually beneficial connection rather than being digested. This little photosynthetic creature evolved into the chloroplast, an organelle.
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a critical event in the death of a cell is caused by group of answer choices disruption of the plasma membrane s permeability barrier an increase in cellular protein content an accumulation of lipofuscin chronic nutrient insufficiency
A critical event in the death of a cell is caused by disruption of the plasma membrane's permeability barrier. The correct option is A.
What is plasma membrane?The plasma membrane, also renowned as the cell membrane, is the membrane found in all cells that differentiates the cell's interior from its surroundings.
Necrosis causes cellular death by disrupting the plasma membrane barrier. The primary cause of hypertrophy is an increase in cellular protein content.
Lipofuscin can accumulate as a result of atrophy. Atrophy occurs when cells shrink and lose their differentiated functions as a result of a variety of normal and harmful factors, such as nutrient deficiency.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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rang, c. u., peng, a. y. and chao, l. 2012. bacterial aging requires an extrinsic damage agent. microbiology 158:1553–1559
The correct answer is Because bacterial ageing is believed to result from non-genetic (e.g. oxidative) damage.
Streptomycin, which produces mistranslated proteins that are more susceptible to oxidation, was found to be capable of inducing both damage and ageing in bacterial populations. There was a dose effect relating the level of damage to the concentration of streptomycin. All of the studies that did not find evidence of bacterial ageing did not use a damaging agent. However, fluorescent proteins were used as a visual marker in all studies that were successful in finding evidence. In those studies, ageing was caused by an extrinsic factor, such as the proteins themselves or the excitation light. As a result, all previous studies can be reconciled, and bacterial ageing is a real phenomenon. However, studying and observing bacterial ageing necessitates the addition of an extrinsic damage agent.
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2 The diagram below shows the reaction between iron oxide and carbon that produces iron and carbon dioxide. The reaction takes place in a closed system. What is true about the carbon atoms in the reaction? A. The mass of the carbon atoms increases between the reactants and the products of the reaction. B. The total mass of the carbon atoms is the same as the total mass of the oxygen atoms. C. The mass of carbon atoms in the reactants is the same as the mass of carbon atoms in the products. D. The total mass of the carbon atoms is the same as the total mass of the iron atoms.
The correct answer is C. The mass of carbon atoms in the reactants is the same as the mass of carbon atoms in the products.
Iron is present in the iron ore hematite in the form of iron(ii) oxide. Iron must be extracted by removing the oxygen that caused it to be left behind. Through the reduction reaction, the oxygen is eliminated.The displacement reaction happens because carbon is more reactive than iron. The iron is replaced by the carbon.Reaction = 2Fe₂O₃(s) + 3C(s) → 4Fe(l) + 3CO₂(g)Iron is reduced because its oxidation state is lowered and it turns into neutral iron, whereas carbon is oxidized because its oxidation state is raised.We can see that each atom's number is the same on both sides of the equation. The answer to the provided question is B since there are three carbon atoms on the reactant side and three more on the product side. that is,The amount of carbon atoms in the reactant and product are equal in mass.Therefore, option C. is correct.
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During glycolysis, one molecule of is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, driving the synthesis of atp. True or false?.
This statement is true. During glycolysis, one molecule is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, driving the synthesis of ATP.
Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms and it splits one molecule of glucose into two pyruvate molecules.
The formula of this process is: Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O
The hydroxyl groups enable phosphorylation. Also, the particular form of glucose used in glycolysis is glucose 6-phosphate.
during the process,1,3 bisphosphoglycerate converts into 3- phosphoglycerate
The released phosphate produces 1 molecule of ATP.
In the next step, phosphoenolpyruvate converts into pyruvate and yields the second molecule of ATP.
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the goal of thermoregulation is to maintain the core temperature of the body steady at around .
The goal of thermoregulation is to maintain the core temperature of the body steady at around 97.7-99.5 degrees F.
Thermoregulation- Through a process known as thermoregulation, mammals carefully and independently control their body temperature. Temperature regulation is a technique for preserving the normal internal temperature (homeostasis) required for living.
Homeostasis- Any self-regulating process, such as homeostasis, helps an organism retain stability while responding to environmental factors that are favorable for its survival. If homeostasis is effective, life goes on; if it is not, the organism dies or suffers a catastrophe. For Example, Body temperature control in humans is one of the most familiar examples of homeostasis.
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b. If at your solar noon, the chronometer reads 10 a.m. What is your longitude?
The longitude if at your solar noon, the chronometer reads 10am is 77.4.
How to calculate longitude?
In a single day, the Earth spins 360o of longitude. As a result, it rotates one degree of longitude every four minutes, or every 1/360th of a day. You only need to determine the time difference between noon at your location and noon at the Prime Meridian in order to get your longitude.
The first half of the eighteenth century saw the development of John Harrison's longitude by chronometer technique, which uses a marine chronometer to determine longitude in navigation. The longitude at which a position line traced from a sextant sight of any celestial objects crosses the observer's posited latitude is determined using an astronomical method.
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Similarities between the buffalo and crocodile. PLEASE HELP ME! :)
1. What two factors must be present in order for something to be called "matter?"
Answer:
has a mass and occupies space
According to Darwin's Theory of Evolutionall of the following are required for evolution by natural selection EXCEPT
A) differential survival and reproduction
B) strength and fighting skills
C)competition for resources
D)variation in the population
Answer:
differential survival and reproductionExplanation:
According to Darwin's Theory of Evolutionall of the following are required for evolution by natural selection EXCEPT differential survival and reproduction .
What habitat will an earthworm prefer independent variable and dependent variable
Answer:
Independent Variable: The independent variable in this experiment is the surface that the mealworms crawl on; plastic, paper and cardboard.
Dependent Variable: The dependent variable that we are measuring is the mealworm’s behavior on the materials and the specific material they spend the most time on after 5 minutes.
Hypothesis: We predict that mealworms prefer to crawl on plastic because they could crawl and almost glide smoothly on the surface.
Explanation:
One conclusion which we made from these results is that the mealworms preferred certain materials because it was easier for them to grip their legs onto. The plastic for example was found to be too smooth for the mealworm to crawl on, making it hard to grip their legs onto it. Smooth surfaces like plastic meant less friction to help the mealworm crawl along.
A root cell may continue to absorb minerals even though the concentration of the minerals is greater inside the cell than in the soil. This absorption is accomplished mainly by —.
A root cell may continue to absorb minerals even though the concentration of the minerals is greater inside the cell than in the soil. This absorption is accomplished mainly by active transport.
Molecules move in and out of a cell through the semi-permeable cell membrane. There are some movements that occur along the concentration gradient and do not require energy. On the other hand, there are other movements, such as active transport, that occur against the concentration gradients, from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration which require energy.
This property, termed active transport, allows root cells to take up minerals from the soil even when the concentration of minerals is lower in the soil as compared to that of the cell. Energy will be required by the root cells t take up minerals through the process of active transport.
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in the ux textbook is defined as the entire set of surrounding parts of the world ... with which the user interacts. group of answer choices ecology culture environment system
User experience design can be thought of most simply as a verb and a noun. A UX designer conceptualizes, plans, and alters elements of a system or service that have an impact on users' perceptions and reactions.
The method design teams employ to produce products that offer customers meaningful and pertinent experiences is known as user experience (UX) design. UX design includes components of branding, design, usability, and function in the design of the full process of obtaining and integrating the product.
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in 1861, pasteur conducted his now-famous experiments using flasks with long necks bent into an s-shape. imagine that you are a scientist working in pasteur’s lab at this time. you decide to tip the flasks so that broth enters the long s-shaped neck. you then return the flask to its upright position. predict the most likely outcome of tipping one of pasteur’s s-necked flasks
In 1861, Pasteur conducted The broth would become contaminated with microbes because they were trapped in the neck.
Louis Pasteur's pasteurization test illustrates the truth that the spoilage of liquid was caused by debris inside the air instead of the air itself. those experiments were critical portions of evidence supporting the concept of germ concept of disease. Microorganisms can be present in nonliving and be counted, together with air, drinks, and solids.
Pasteur's paintings helped refute the theory of spontaneous generation his experiments confirmed that air by myself was no longer the motive of bacterial growth inside the flask, and his research supported the speculation that live microorganisms suspended in the air should settle onto the broth in open-necked flasks thru gravity.
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even after someone has stopped drinking, bac can continue to go up until all of the ingested alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream.
Even after someone has stopped drinking, bac can continue to go up until all of the ingested alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream. TRUE
even after someone stops consuming, alcohol inside the stomach and intestine continues to go into the bloodstream and circulate in the course of the body.
BAC described as the awareness of alcohol in blood. it is measured in grams of alcohol according to deciliter of blood. the frame would not need a minimum consumption of alcohol daily. The number of liquids that we consumes in an hour will affect BAC, the more we drink, the better the awareness of alcohol in blood. BAC does now not affect with the concentration of alcohol in a drink.
Blood Alcohol attention (BAC) is defined because the ratio of alcohol within the gadget to Blood within the system.
As soon as alcohol and different pollution are absorbed into the body, the Liver begins removing them as alcohol cannot be stored in tissue.
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When your muscles contract to move your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the law of conservation of energy, from where does this energy come?.
When your muscles contract to move your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the law of conservation of energy, this energy comes from chemical energy
In order words, the energy which comes from movement of body parts due to contraction of muscles during walking or even jumping is chemical energy
What is energy?Energy can simply be defined as the capacity of doing work. However, there are different forms of energy; among which include the following
Potential energyKinetic energyMechanical energySolar energyChemical energySo therefore, when your muscles contract to move your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the law of conservation of energy, this energy comes from chemical energy
Complete question:
When your muscles contract to move
your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the Law of Conservation of Energy, from where does this energy come?
New energy is created by our cells whenever we need it.
heat
a. mechanical energy stored in ATP
b. chemical energy
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PLEASE HELP!! (WORTH 10 PTS)
Image of color spectrum. Color spectrum band is across the top with a body of water from surface to a depth of 300 m underneath it. The color spectrum starts with the sun at the top with white light (all colors). Colors are separated for visualization with arrows pointing out to the colors. Ultraviolet light starts at the left end with a range of 300-400 nm wavelength. At 300 nm the light is labeled UV and penetrates the water to about 40 m. Violet ranges from 400 to 450 nm. At 400 nm the light is labeled V and penetrates the water to about 100 m. Blue is labeled at 450 nm and penetrates the water to about 270 m. Green light is labeled at 490 nm and penetrates the water to about 120 m. Yellow is labeled at 570 nm and penetrates the water to about 80 m. Orange light is labeled at 600 nm and penetrates the water to about 30 m. Red light is labeled at 720 nm and penetrates the water to about 10 m. Infrared light is labeled at 800 nm and penetrates about 5 m.
At what depth would organisms that rely on infrared light (IR) most likely be found in the ocean? Justify your answer by using the provided data.
The depth at which organisms that rely on infrared light (IR) most likely be found in the ocean is 5 meters.
What is the spectrum of light?We know the spectrum of light to imply the arrangement of light according to wavelength. The spectrum of light shows the wavelength sf the different kinds of light in the proper order.
As was shown in the question, infrared light is one of the kinds of light that can penetrate the water at a certain depth. We can see that the kind of light depends on the depth of the water.
From the question, the depth at which organisms that rely on infrared light (IR) most likely be found in the ocean is 5 meters.
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4. The figure above is a model of atoms in a
sample at room temperature. Which physical
property does this sample have? sc.8.P.8.1
A) It can be poured.
B) It can expand to fill its container.
C) It cannot be compressed.
D) It has a low boiling point.
Correct Option is (C) It cannot be compressed. It is well known that there are powerful intermolecular forces of attraction holding molecules together in solids. As a result, they are immobile from their starting position but are capable of vibrating in their average position.
As a result, the molecules in solid substances have minimal kinetic energy. However, compared to solids, the intermolecular forces of attraction that hold the molecules together in liquids are weaker. They are able to slip past one another as a result. They therefore possess medium kinetic energy.
Vander Waal forces, which are weak, hold the molecules together in gases. As a result of their high kinetic energy, they travel quickly from one location to another, which causes more collisions.
Consequently, we can say that given figure shows a physical property that it cannot be compressed.
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Name 1 other discipline used in ecological studies and how it relates to ecology.
Ecophysiology and Behavioral Ecology study how individuals adapt to their surroundings.
The main focus of the research of the research group Ecophysiology and Behavioral Ecology is the examination of the consequences and causes of fluctuation in behavioral characteristics among people. The majority of studies are carried out within an ethological framework, with an emphasis on all four important elements of animal actions: evolution, causation, function, and development.
We research reproduction and genetic drift in various animal populations, but mainly in birds, using a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach. While behavioral ecology is our primary research focus, we are also interested in physiology and population dynamics.
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In a cell, the selective permeability of the cell
membrane is most closely associated with the
maintenance of
A. homeostasis
C. phagocytosis
B. hydrolysis
D. pinocytosis
In a cell, the selective permeability of the cell membrane is most closely associated with the maintenance of homeostasis.
What is the selective permeability of cells?
The selective porousness of the cell membrane is its ability to distinguish between different types of molecules, allowing some to pass while restricting others. The natural membrane diffusion rates of some chemicals have some bearing on this selectivity.
Describe homeostasis.
Physiological state is the propensity of a biological system to maintain stability while responding to environmental factors that are ideal for survival. Life continues if the physiological state is attained; if not, tragedy or death occurs. The stability attained can be a dynamic equilibrium, in which the majority of the conditions are uniform yet change is constant.
Thus, to keep up the stable conditions of the cell atmosphere the selective porousness of the cell is maintained so solely an exact quantity of drugs will go within the cell so stable conditions of the cell square measure maintained.
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What happens to air temperature as altitude increases?
O A. Air temperature increases.
O
B. Air temperature decreases.
C. Air temperature does not change.
D. Air temperature depends on the amount of organisms in the area.
Sry I didn’t know what subject to do for this question cause there was no earth science
The correct option is B.
The air temperature decreases when altitude increases.
When there is an increase in elevation, there will be less amount of air above us. Thus the amount of pressure decreases. Since the pressure decreases, air molecules will be spreading out further due to the expansion of air, and gradually the temperature decreases.
There will be variations of temperature with altitude which will as in the case of the troposphere, the temperature will decrease due to increasing altitude. In the stratosphere, the temperature will be increasing generally as the altitude increases due to the greater absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the ozone.
The basic idea of decreasing air temperature with respect to increased altitude is that as so far away you get from the space of earth, the atmosphere gets thinner. The total heat content included in a system is directly related to the amount of matter present, so due to this, it is cooler at increased elevations.
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the change in organisms over geologic history is known as the . group of answer choices evolution of life biogeochemical cycle evolutionary cycle biospheric change
The change in organisms over geologic history is known as evolution of life .
What is the life's evolution?According to the idea of evolution in biology, the many species of plants, animals, and other living things on Earth descended from earlier species, and their recognizable differences are the result of changes made by subsequent generations. One of the main cornerstones of contemporary biological science is the hypothesis of evolution. The process of biological evolution involves descent with modification. The lineages of organisms change with time, diversity results from the divergence of the lineages descended from the same ancestors.
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relationship between lactobacillus bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus under whey conditions: focus on amino acid formation
The discussion of relationship between lactobacillus bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus under whey conditions: focus on amino acid formation is given in the below paragraph-
In this study, we used Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 grown with or without Streptococcus thermophilus in whey medium to conduct microarray experiments to examine how these two strains use nitrogen since Lb. bulgaricus 2038 uses whey as its nitrogen before casein. Because S. thermophilus primarily preferred different types of peptides than L. bulgaricus, but has lost the ability to prioritize the use of free branched-chain amino acids, L. bulgaricus 2038 was better able to import the types of peptides required for growth compared to monoculture.
In order to stop Lb. bulgaricus 2038 from converting aspartate into intermediates that form the carbon skeleton, which is catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, the ratio of nitrogen to carbon was reduced during co-culture.
What is an amino acid?Organic substances known as amino acids have both functional groups for amino and carboxylic acids. Alpha-amino acids, which make up proteins, are by far the most common amino acids in nature despite the fact that there are hundreds of them. The genetic coding only contains 22 alpha amino acids.
The locations of the primary structural functional groups in amino acids can be categorized as alpha, beta, gamma, or delta amino acids; further classifications relate to polarity, ionization, and the type of side chain group (aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc.).
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long-term visual outcomes after release from protocol in patients who participated in the inhibition of vegf in age-related choroidal neovascularisation (ivan) trial
Long-term visual data outcomes after protocol release in individuals who participated in the Inhibition of VEGF in Age-related Choroidal Neovascularization (IVAN) Trial
Between May 26, 2016, and August 24, 2017, data were gathered. From all participants' medical records up to the time of data collection, distance visual acuity (DVA) (letters read) in both eyes and therapies for nAMD given to either eye at all routine care visits were extracted (duration of study eye monitoring).
For 99% (532/537) of the participants who were eligible, data were collected. After IVAN leave, the average length of time for study eye monitoring was 3.3 years (interquartile range [IQR], 1.3-4.7), and the average DVA was 58.0 letters (IQR, 34.0-73.0).
The DVA of the study eye decreased by 4.3 (95% CI, 3.7-4.9) letters annually. After correcting for important confounders, injection rate had no effect on how quickly DVA changed. After IVAN departure, 174 participants (32%) received no medication, while 332 of 358 (93%) received ranibizumab as the initial course of treatment before switching to aflibercept in 78 (23%).
At the conclusion of study monitoring, the DVA was comparable for those who switched and those who did not switch.
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what happens when a seedling is left in water with darkness
Answer:
It would eventually die
Explanation:
It would eventually die because it makes food through photosynthesis and without light no photosynthesis can be made. Therefore it would start to lose its green pigment because no chlorophyll is being made.
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