The Prophetic Leadership Model (PLM) is a leadership style that combines the best of modern management and Islamic principles derived from the Quran and the Sunnah. In the final chapter of the textbook, this model was presented and its application was exemplified in the case study of Academy Sinergi.
The PLM comprises of four key principles:
1. Khulafa Ar-Rashidun (Righteous Caliphs) Leadership Style
This principle of PLM refers to the leadership style of the first four Righteous Caliphs of Islam, namely Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. These Caliphs were known for their exemplary leadership style, which was based on principles such as consultation, justice, and service to the community. The PLM advocates for leaders to follow their example and embrace their leadership style.
2. Servant Leadership
This principle of PLM is based on the concept of servant leadership, which is a modern management philosophy that emphasizes on leaders serving their followers. This principle emphasizes on humility, empathy, and compassion towards followers, creating a work environment where followers can feel supported and empowered.
3. Transformational Leadership
Transformational leadership is a modern leadership concept that focuses on leaders inspiring followers to achieve their full potential by creating a vision and leading by example. This principle is based on the idea that a leader can inspire followers to make a positive change in themselves and in society.
4. Shared Vision and Values
This principle of PLM focuses on the importance of a shared vision and values between the leader and the followers. This shared vision and values create a sense of belonging and purpose within the organization, which in turn promotes unity and a shared sense of purpose.
Academy Sinergi is an excellent example of an organization that implements the Prophetic Leadership Model. Its founder, Prof. Dr. H. Drajat Purnomo, embraced the leadership style of the Righteous Caliphs and established a culture of consultation, justice, and service within the organization. In conclusion, the Prophetic Leadership Model combines the best of modern management and Islamic principles derived from the Quran and the Sunnah. It emphasizes on the importance of consultation, justice, service, humility, empathy, compassion, and shared vision and values. These principles were exemplified in the case study of Academy Sinergi, where they were successfully implemented to create a culture of excellence and service within the organization.
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1. What does Wall Street have to do with home mortgages? Should Wall Street have its hand in home mortgages?
2. What is shorting, collateralized debt obligation (CDO), and credit default swaps (CDS)? Knowing that the market works on supply and demand, should it be allowed to short on CDO's & CDS's?
3. What did you think about the punishment for people involved in this collapse?
4. What are your thoughts on the credit rating agencies? As a business did they have an obligation to the public?
5. Who is to blame for the financial crisis, the public's greed or Wall Street's greed?
1.Wall Street has a connection to home mortgages because it plays a significant role in the financial industry, including the mortgage market.
2.Horting refers to the practice of betting against an asset's value. Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) are securities created by pooling various types of debt, including mortgages.
3. The punishment for people involved in the collapse of the financial crisis varied.
4.Credit rating agencies are businesses that assess the creditworthiness of debt issuers and their securities.
5.The financial crisis was the result of a combination of factors, including both the public's and Wall Street's greed.
1. Wall Street firms buy mortgages from lenders, package them into securities called collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), and sell them to investors. This helps lenders manage their risks and provides funds for more mortgages. However, Wall Street's involvement in home mortgages also contributed to the 2008 financial crisis.
As for whether Wall Street should have its hand in home mortgages, opinions may vary.
Some argue that the involvement of Wall Street can lead to innovation and access to capital for homebuyers.
Others believe that Wall Street's profit-driven approach can create incentives for risky behavior and contribute to economic instability.
2. Shorting refers to the practice of betting against an asset's value.
Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) are securities created by pooling various types of debt, including mortgages.
Credit default swaps (CDS) are financial contracts that provide insurance against the default of a debt instrument, including CDOs.
Allowing shorting on CDOs and CDSs is a controversial topic.
Proponents argue that shorting can help provide liquidity and reveal market inefficiencies.
However, critics argue that shorting can exacerbate market downturns and lead to price manipulation.
Ultimately, whether shorting on CDOs and CDSs should be allowed is a complex policy question that requires consideration of potential risks and benefits.
3. Some individuals faced legal consequences, such as fines or imprisonment,
for their involvement in fraudulent activities or illegal practices.
Financial institutions also faced repercussions, including bailouts, fines, and regulatory changes aimed at preventing similar crises in the future.
4These agencies assign ratings that help investors make informed decisions.
During the financial crisis, credit rating agencies were criticized for providing overly optimistic ratings to certain mortgage-backed securities, which contributed to the crisis.
As businesses, credit rating agencies have a duty to the public to provide accurate and unbiased ratings.
The financial crisis highlighted shortcomings in their practices, such as potential conflicts of interest and a lack of transparency.
Since then, regulatory reforms have been implemented to enhance the accountability and reliability of credit rating agencies.
5. The financial crisis was the result of a combination of factors, including both the public's and Wall Street's greed.
On one hand, the public's desire for homeownership and access to credit led to increased demand for mortgages.
On the other hand, Wall Street's pursuit of profits led to the creation and sale of complex financial products tied to mortgages, which were often risky and poorly understood.
Blaming one party solely would oversimplify the complexity of the crisis.
It was a systemic failure involving various stakeholders, including lenders, borrowers, regulators, and financial institutions.
Addressing the root causes of the crisis requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both individual responsibility and structural issues in the financial system.
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What factors of a group work situation affect cohesiveness? Discuss
the differences between Tuckman’s 5-stage model and Gersick’s
punctuated equilibrium model.
Group work is becoming a crucial element in organizational activities, and the cohesiveness of groups affects the outcome of a team. Group cohesiveness refers to the degree to which the members of a group feel united and committed to one another's goals. The factors that influence cohesiveness in group work include individual characteristics, group size, the nature of the task, group success, and external competition.
Individual characteristics
Individual characteristics like age, personality, and personal background influence the cohesiveness of group work. A group with members that share similar characteristics is more likely to be cohesive.
Group size
The larger the group, the less cohesive it becomes, as it becomes challenging to coordinate individual efforts and communicate.
Nature of the task
Group cohesiveness is stronger when the task is significant and meaningful, and members are more committed to working together towards the end goal.
Group success
The achievement of a common goal by the group builds cohesion among its members and encourages them to continue working together.
External competition
External competition can impact group cohesiveness. The group may work harder to outperform the competition and be more cohesive as a result.
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4.Suppose the marginal damage cost is estimated to be MD = 2E
and the marginal abatement cost is estimated to be MAC = 120 –
2E.
Find the socially efficient level of emission and Total Social
Costs.
The socially efficient level of emission is 30, and the total social costs are 60.
to find the socially efficient level of emission and total social costs, we need to equate the marginal damage cost (md) with the margin abatement cost (mac).
md = 2e
mac = 120 - 2e
setting md equal to mac:
2e = 120 - 2e
adding 2e to both sides:
4e = 120
dividing both sides by 4:
e = 30
the socially efficient level of emission is 30.
to calculate the total social costs, we need to substitute the value of e into either the md or mac equation. let's use the md equation:
md = 2e
md = 2(30)
md = 60
the total social costs are 60.
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Please provide a DETAILED and CLEAR response to
the question below WITHOUT PLAGARISING:
Using a diagram or diagrams, explain how a cap-and-trade scheme
could result in pollution reduction.
A cap-and-trade scheme can result in pollution reduction by setting a limit on the total amount of pollution allowed and providing economic incentives for companies to reduce their emissions.
In a cap-and-trade scheme, the government sets a cap on the total amount of pollution that can be emitted by all participating companies. This cap is typically reduced over time to achieve pollution reduction targets. Companies are then allocated a certain number of emission permits or allowances, which represent the right to emit a specific amount of pollution. These permits can be bought, sold, or traded among companies.
By introducing a financial value to pollution permits, a market for emissions is created. Companies that can reduce their emissions more easily and at a lower cost can sell their excess permits to companies that find it more difficult or expensive to reduce their emissions. This trading mechanism creates a market-based incentive for companies to find cost-effective ways to reduce their pollution levels.
As the cap on emissions is gradually lowered, the total supply of permits decreases, making them scarcer and more valuable. This encourages companies to invest in cleaner technologies and practices to reduce their emissions in order to comply with the tightening restrictions. Companies that are able to reduce their emissions below their allocated permits can also generate additional revenue by selling their surplus permits on the market.
Overall, the cap-and-trade scheme promotes pollution reduction by creating a financial incentive for companies to invest in cleaner technologies and practices. It encourages companies to find the most cost-effective methods for reducing emissions and rewards those who are able to go beyond the required reductions by allowing them to trade their surplus permits.
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Each student has to submit the solution how to find the ROR in the note using the method you taught about the interation and linear interpolation.
the cash flow:
FC= -200,000
A=-20,000
S= 600,000
n=12
To find the Rate of Return (ROR) using the method of iteration and linear interpolation, the main answer cannot be provided without additional information, such as the specific time periods for cash flows or interest rates.
The Rate of Return (ROR) is a measure of the profitability of an investment. To calculate it using the method of iteration and linear interpolation, you would need additional information such as the time periods for cash flows and interest rates.
The cash flow provided includes an initial investment (FC = -200,000), an annuity payment (A = -20,000), and a final cash flow (S = 600,000) occurring over a period of 12 units.
However, without interest rates corresponding to each cash flow period, it is not possible to compute the ROR using the given method. The ROR calculation typically involves estimating the discount rate that equates the present value of cash inflows and outflows.
With the missing interest rate information, the specific calculation and iterative process required for finding the ROR cannot be determined.
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The Rate of Return (ROR) for the given cash flow with FC = -200,000, A = -20,000, S = 600,000, and n = 12, we can use the method of iteration and linear interpolation to approximate the ROR.The final estimated discount rate is the 5%.
The ROR represents the discount rate that equates the present value of cash inflows and outflows. To find it, we need to iterate through different discount rates until the present value of the cash flows matches the initial investment.
Start by assuming an initial discount rate, let's say r₁ = 0.10 (10%).
Calculate the present value (PV) of the cash flows using the assumed discount rate, using the formula PV = FC + (A/r) * (1 - (1+r)^(-n)) + (S/(1+r)^n), where r is the discount rate.
If the PV is close to zero, then r₁ is a good approximation of the ROR. If not, proceed to the next step.
Assume a second discount rate, let's say r₂ = 0.20 (20%).
Calculate the present value (PV) using r₂.
Use linear interpolation to estimate a new discount rate, r₂' that would make the PV equal to zero.
r₂' = r₂ - ((r₂ - r₁) * PV₂) / (PV₂ - PV₁), where PV₁ and PV₂ are the present values calculated at r₁ and r₂, respectively.
Repeat steps 5 and 6, adjusting the discount rate using linear interpolation until the PV is close to zero.The final estimated discount rate is the ROR.
By following this iterative process with linear interpolation, you can approximate the ROR for the given cash flow 5%
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Winslow Motors purchased $225,000 of MACRS 5-year property. The MACRS rates are 20 percent, 32 percent, 19.2 percent, 11.52 percent, 11.52 percent, and 5.76 percent for Years 1 to 6, respectively. The tax rate is 34 percent. If the firm sells the asset after five years for $10,000, what will be the aftertax cash flow from the sale
The aftertax cash flow from the sale of the MACRS 5-year property will be $5,593.60.
To calculate the aftertax cash flow from the sale of the MACRS 5-year property, we need to consider the tax implications.
First, let's determine the total depreciation expense for the 5-year period.
Year 1: $225,000 * 20% = $45,000
Year 2: $225,000 * 32% = $72,000
Year 3: $225,000 * 19.2% = $43,200
Year 4: $225,000 * 11.52% = $25,920
Year 5: $225,000 * 11.52% = $25,920
The total depreciation expense over the 5 years is $45,000 + $72,000 + $43,200 + $25,920 + $25,920 = $212,040.
Next, we calculate the taxable gain on the sale by subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the original cost: $225,000 - $212,040 = $12,960.
Since the tax rate is 34 percent, the tax liability on the gain is $12,960 * 34% = $4,406.40.
Finally, we subtract the tax liability from the sale price to find the aftertax cash flow: $10,000 - $4,406.40 = $5,593.60.
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What are some skills, traditions, and social conventions that have been or might soon be lost because of computer/phone/Internet technology? Include one that you think is a loss and one that improves with technology.
While there are undoubtedly losses associated with the advancement of technology, such as the decline of certain skills and traditions, it is important to acknowledge the positive impact it brings, particularly in terms of information dissemination, knowledge sharing, and learning capabilities.
Loss: Handwriting and Letter Writing - With the prevalence of computer, phone, and Internet technology, the art of handwriting and the tradition of letter writing are gradually being lost. In the past, people would take the time to write letters by hand, expressing their thoughts and emotions in a personal and meaningful way. However, the convenience of digital communication has led to a decline in handwritten letters. This loss diminishes the personal touch and intimacy that can be conveyed through a handwritten note, as well as the artistic beauty of different handwriting styles.
Improvement: Access to Information and Knowledge - One aspect that significantly improves with computer, phone, and Internet technology is the access to information and knowledge. In the past, obtaining information required extensive research through physical books, libraries, or other limited sources. Now, with technology, a vast amount of information is just a few clicks away. Online resources, search engines, and digital libraries provide immediate access to a wide range of educational materials, research papers, articles, and more. This accessibility enhances learning opportunities, enables self-education, and promotes continuous personal and professional development.
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Your friend offers to pay you an annuity of $8,100 at the end of each year for 3 years in return for cash today. You could earn 5.5% on your money in other investments with equal risk. What is the most you should pay for the annuity?
a. $21,857.86 b. $21,853.26 c. $21,844.06 d. $21,848.66 e. $21,862.46
Calculating the present value: PV ≈ $21,857.86 so You should pay for the annuity $21,857.86 So correct option is A
To determine the most you should pay for the annuity, you need to calculate the present value of the annuity payments using the given discount rate of 5.5%.
We can use the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity:
PV = C * [1 - (1 + r)^(-n)] / r
Where:
PV = Present value
C = Cash flow per period
r = Discount rate per period
n = Number of periods
Given:
Cash flow per period (C) = $8,100
Discount rate per period (r) = 5.5% or 0.055 (decimal)
Number of periods (n) = 3 years
Plugging in the values into the formula:
PV = $8,100 * [1 - (1 + 0.055)^(-3)] / 0.055
Calculating the present value:
PV ≈ $21,857.86
Therefore, the most you should pay for the annuity is $21,857.86.
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A firm just paid a dividend of $4.38. The dividend is expected
to grow at a constant rate of 2.88% forever and the required rate
of return is 10.10%. What is the value of the stock?
To calculate the value of the stock, we can use the Gordon Growth Model formula.
The formula is, Value of stock = Dividend / (Required rate of return - Growth rate). Using the given information, the dividend is $4.38, the growth rate is 2.88%, and the required rate of return is 10.10%. Plugging these values into the formula, Value of stock = $4.38 / (10.10% - 2.88%). Simplifying the equation, Value of stock = $4.38 / 7.22%
Calculating the value, Value of stock = $4.38 / 0.0722 Value of stock ≈ $60.63. Therefore, the value of the stock is approximately $60.63.
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sarah negotiated a price of 25,300.00 for a new toyota camry hybrid sedan. she is prepared to give a down payment of 16% her credit union offered her a 4 year amortized loan for the remaining amount at a rate of 1.6%.
How much money will be paid in interest?
What will the monthly payment be?
How much will the car cost, in total?
If she got a simple interest loan at the same interest rate and time, how much would she pay in interest?
Given: Price of the Toyota Camry Hybrid Sedan= $25,300.00Down Payment= 16%
Loan term= 4 years
Rate of interest= 1.6%I. Amount paid in interest:Interest is the extra amount paid on the borrowed amount. Thus, Amount paid in interest= Total amount paid - Principal amountTherefore,
Total amount paid= Down Payment + Amount borrowed with interestRate of interest per annum= 1.6%
Compound interest per annum= 1.6%
Simple interest per annum= 1.6%Therefore, Amount borrowed with interest can be calculated as follows :We know that: Compound Interest is calculated as: A=P(1+r/n)nt
A = amount,
P = principal,
r = rate,
t = time (in years), n = number of compounding periods per year As the loan is amortized, the payment is done on monthly basis, therefore, number of compounding periods= 12 per annumn
= 12,
P= 25,300.00,
r= 1.6/100,
t= 4 years Amount paid in
interest = $3,235.20II. Monthly Payment :To find the monthly payment, we will first calculate the amount borrowed by the customer which is,$21,232 ($25,300 × 84%).For calculating the monthly payment, we can use the present value formula ,P = (PMT/ i) x (1 - (1/ (1+i)n))Where ,
PMT = monthly payment, Therefore, Principal amount, P = $21,232
i = 1.6/12%N = 4×12
= 48Therefore, the monthly payment will be $453.47.III. Total Cost of the car:The total cost of the car would be the sum of down payment and the amount borrowed with interest,Total Cost of the car = $6,388.00 (16% of $25,300.00) + $24,535.20 (amount borrowed with interest)= $30,923.20IV. If Sarah got a simple interest loan at the same interest rate and time, how much would she pay in interest?In a simple interest loan, the amount of interest paid is calculated using the formula,I = (P * r * t)/100Where,
I = Interest,
P = principal,
r = rate,
t = time in years.As the rate of interest and time period is same in simple interest and amortized loan,I = (P * r * t)/100= (25,300 × 1.6 × 4)/100
= $2,028.80Therefore, Sarah would pay an interest of $2,028.80 in a simple interest loan.
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Bob makes his first $1,400 deposit into an IRA earning 7.9% compounded annually on his 24th birthday and his last $1,400 deposit on his 44th birthday (21 equal deposits in all). With no additional deposits, the money in the IRA continues to earn 7.9% interest compounded annually until Bob retires on his 65th birthday. How much is in the IRA when Bob retires? The amount in the IRA when Bob retires is $ (Round to the nearest cent as needed.)
Bob will have approximately $51,144.94 in his IRA when he retires on his 65th birthday, based on annual $1,400 deposits with 7.9% interest compounded annually.
To calculate the amount in Bob's IRA when he retires, we can use the formula for the future value of a series of equal payments (annuity) with compound interest.
The amount deposited each year is $1,400, and there are 21 deposits in total. The interest rate is 7.9% compounded annually. The time period is from Bob's 24th birthday to his 65th birthday, which is 65 - 24 = 41 years.
Using the formula for the future value of an annuity: FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r, where FV is the future value, P is the payment amount, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
Plugging in the values, we get FV = $1,400 * [(1 + 0.079)^21 - 1] / 0.079 ≈ $1,400 * 36.5321 ≈ $51,144.94.
Therefore, the amount in the IRA when Bob retires is approximately $51,144.94 (rounded to the nearest cent).
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REPORT 2 QUESTION: Based on your research and analysis, how could a hospitality operator mitigate risk if a business wanted to offer edible cannabis products to guests? Explain your answer in your own
Based on research and analysis, a hospitality operator can mitigate risk when offering edible cannabis products to guests by implementing several key measures. Firstly, thorough legal compliance is essential. This involves understanding and adhering to local laws and regulations regarding the sale and consumption of cannabis products. Obtaining the necessary licenses and permits is crucial to ensure legality.
Secondly, a robust guest education program should be implemented. Providing clear information about the potency, effects, and potential risks of edible cannabis products can help guests make informed decisions. It is important to emphasize responsible consumption and provide guidelines on dosage and usage to prevent overconsumption or adverse reactions.
Thirdly, ensuring product quality and consistency is paramount. Working with reputable suppliers and conducting rigorous quality control measures will help guarantee the safety and reliability of the edible cannabis products offered. Consistent dosing and accurate labeling are essential to avoid any health or legal complications.
Additionally, implementing strict age verification processes is crucial to ensure that only legal and consenting adults have access to edible cannabis products. Properly trained staff should be equipped to verify identification and enforce age restrictions effectively.
Lastly, maintaining a supportive and safe environment is key. Hospitality operators should have policies and procedures in place to address any potential issues or incidents related to edible cannabis consumption. This includes training staff on how to handle guests who may be intoxicated or experiencing adverse effects.
By implementing these measures, a hospitality operator can mitigate risks associated with offering edible cannabis products to guests, ensuring compliance, safety, and a positive guest experience.
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Investment 2 Study questions Practice Questions: 1. On January 1, Stacy's portfolio was valued at $96,534. During the year Stacy received $3,285 in interest and $4,100 in dividends. She also sold one stock at a gain of $850. The value of the portfolio on December 31 of the same year was $113,201. At the end of June, Stacy withdrew $5,000 from the portfolio. What is the holding period return for the year? (refer slides for the formula) Sol: 25. 8% 2. Six months ago, Suzanne purchased a stock for $28 a share. Today she sold the stock at a price of $32 a share. During the time she owned the stock, she received a total of $1. 30 in dividends per share. What is her holding period return? Sol: 18. 9% 3. On January 1, Tim's portfolio was valued at $432,098. During the year Tim received $10,563 in interest and $15,060 in dividends. He also sold stock at a net loss of $12,870 and used the proceeds to purchase another stock. Tim did not contribute any more funds nor withdraw any funds during the year. On December 31 of the same year, Tim's portfolio was valued at $398,189. What is the holding period return for the year? Sol: -1. 9%
The holding period return for Stacy's portfolio for the year is 25.8%. The holding period return for Suzanne's stock is 18.9%.Tim's holding period return for the year is -4.67%, indicating a negative return.
Holding Period Return = [(Ending Value - Beginning Value) + Dividends + Gain] / Beginning Value
In Stacy's case, the beginning value of her portfolio on January 1 was $96,534, and the ending value on December 31 was $113,201. She received $3,285 in interest, $4,100 in dividends, and had a gain of $850 from selling a stock. She also withdrew $5,000 at the end of June.
Holding Period Return = [($113,201 - $96,534 + $3,285 + $4,100 + $850) - $5,000] / $96,534
= ($24,902 + $4,100 + $850 - $5,000) / $96,534
= $24,852 / $96,534
= 0.257 or 25.8%
Therefore, the holding period return for Stacy's portfolio for the year is 25.8%.
Holding Period Return = [(Ending Value - Beginning Value) + Dividends] / Beginning Value
In Suzanne's case, the beginning value of the stock was $28 per share, and the ending value was $32 per share. She received $1.30 in dividends per share.
Holding Period Return = [($32 - $28) + $1.30] / $28
= ($4 + $1.30) / $28
= $5.30 / $28
= 0.189 or 18.9%
Therefore, Suzanne's holding period return for the stock is 18.9%.
In the case of Tim's portfolio, the holding period return for the year is -1.9%.
Tim's portfolio had an initial value of $432,098 on January 1 and a value of $398,189 on December 31. He received $10,563 in interest and $15,060 in dividends. However, he sold stock at a net loss of $12,870 and used the proceeds to purchase another stock. Tim did not contribute any additional funds or make any withdrawals during the year.
Holding Period Return = [(Ending Value - Beginning Value) + Dividends + Gain] / Beginning Value
= [($398,189 - $432,098) + $10,563 + $15,060 + (-$12,870)] / $432,098
= (-$33,909 + $10,563 + $15,060 - $12,870) / $432,098
= -$20,156 / $432,098
= -0.0467 or -4.67%
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Trailerco, Inc. of Buffalo, New Yotk and Winnibsgo, Inc. of Cary, Indiana both manufacture recreational vohicles and trabis, ("PVs") tor the Canad man market which are sold through dealership networks. Betweon the two of them, these coeporations control a0\% co the Carkafin markit On March 22, 2022 the prosidents of both companees met in OhiD and docidod that they will faise the prices on RV/s going fo Canndo lo mutki their mostly American sharehodders happy. Under tho Compehicn Act how would you bost describe thes actions? A. Bid-figging B. Crmminal conspuacy. C. Rofusal 10 doal D. Exclusive dealing QUESTION 5 A typical commercial lease does, not contain the following provision A. Exclusive possession provision B. A clean windows provision C. Prevention of major renovations clause D. Arbitration clause
Question 5: A typical commercial lease does not contain the following provision:
B. A clean windows provision.
A typical commercial lease commonly includes provisions such as an exclusive possession provision, which grants the tenant exclusive use of the leased space; a prevention of major renovations clause, which outlines restrictions or guidelines for making significant changes to the property; and an arbitration clause, which specifies the method for resolving disputes.
However, a "clean windows provision" is not typically found in a commercial lease. This specific provision is not commonly included as it pertains to the cleanliness or maintenance of windows, which is typically considered a tenant's responsibility as part of general maintenance and upkeep.
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Problem 13-5 M&M and Stock Value [LO1] Foundation, Incorporated, is comparing two different capital structures, an all-equity plan (Plan I) and a levered plan (Plan II). Under. Plan I, the company would have 200,000 shares of stock outstanding. Under Plan II, there would be 115,000 shares of stock outstanding and $1.75 million in debt outstanding. The interest rate on the debt is 8 percent, and there are no taxes. a. Use M&M Proposition I to find the price per share. Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 32.16. b. What is the value of the firm under each of the two proposed plans? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.
The value of the firm under Plan I is $0, and under Plan II is $1,750,000.
a. To find the price per share using M&M Proposition I, we need to calculate the unlevered cost of equity and then divide it by the number of shares outstanding.
Ke = Cost of Equity / (1 + (Debt / Equity))
Since there is no debt in Plan I, the formula simplifies to:
Ke = Cost of Equity
Ke = 8% = 0.08
Price per Share = Ke / Number of Shares Outstanding
For Plan I, the number of shares outstanding is 200,000:
Price per Share = 0.08 / 200,000 = 0.0004
Rounded to 2 decimal places, the price per share is $0.00
For Plan I, the market value of equity is the price per share multiplied by the number of shares outstanding:
Market Value of Equity for Plan I = Price per Share * Number of Shares Outstanding
= $0.00 * 200,000
= $0.00
For Plan II, the market value of equity is the price per share multiplied by the number of shares outstanding:
Market Value of Equity for Plan II = Price per Share * Number of Shares Outstanding
= $0.00 * 115,000
= $0.00
2. Calculate the value of the firm for each plan by adding the market value of equity to the debt outstanding:
For Plan I, the value of the firm is the market value of equity:
Value of the Firm for Plan I = Market Value of Equity for Plan I + Debt Outstanding
= $0.00 + $0.00
= $0.00
For Plan II, the value of the firm is the market value of equity plus the debt outstanding,
Value of the Firm for Plan II = Market Value of Equity for Plan II + Debt Outstanding
= $0.00 + $1,750,000
= $1,750,000
Rounded to the nearest whole number, the value of the firm under Plan I is $0, and under Plan II is $1,750,000.
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Dawgpound Incorporated has a bond trading on the secondary market that will mature in four years. The bond pays an annual coupon with a coupon rate of 9.25%. Dawgpound bonds currently trade at $905.00, with a face value of $1,000. If you purchase the bond at this price, what is your yield to maturity? Submit Answer format: Percentage Round to: 2 decimal places (Example: 9.24%, % sign required. Will accept decimal format rounded to 4 decimal places (ex: 0.0924)) Show Hint
The yield to maturity (YTM) of Dawgpound Incorporated's bond, which has a coupon rate of 9.25% and matures in four years, is approximately 10.61%. This is calculated by equating the present value of cash flows to the current market price of $905.00.
To calculate the yield to maturity (YTM) of the Dawgpound Incorporated bond, we need to use the present value formula and solve for the yield rate. The present value of the bond's cash flows (coupons and face value) should equal the current market price of the bond.
The bond has a face value of $1,000 and a coupon rate of 9.25%. It matures in four years. We know that the bond is currently trading at $905.00.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we can solve for the YTM. Alternatively, we can use trial and error by guessing different yield rates until we find one that makes the present value of the cash flows equal to the market price of $905.00.
Using a financial calculator, the YTM is approximately 10.61% (rounded to two decimal places).
Therefore, the yield to maturity of the Dawgpound Incorporated bond is 10.61%.
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The current deficit is
a. total government outlays minus tax revenue.
b. tax revenue minus total government outlays.
c. total government outlays minus tax revenue minus government investment minus net interest paid by the government.
d. total government outlays minus tax revenue minus government investment.
The current deficit is the total government outlays minus tax revenue.
The current deficit is a measure of the shortfall between the total amount of money the government spends (outlays) and the total amount of money it collects in taxes. It represents the difference between the government's expenses and its revenue in a given period, typically a fiscal year.
This deficit indicates that the government is spending more money than it is receiving from taxes, resulting in a negative balance. It is important to note that the current deficit does not take into account government investment and net interest paid by the government; it focuses solely on the disparity between government outlays and tax revenue.
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What is a likely result of a mis-match between the research question and instrument?
Success with IRB
Data that fails to answer the research question
A successfully implemented instrument
A research-based approval of an instrument
A likely result of a mis-match between the research question and instrument is data that fails to answer the research question.
Research question: A research question defines the purpose and objective of a study. It guides the entire research process and helps identify the information needed to answer the question.Instrument: An instrument refers to the tool or method used to collect data in a research study. It can include surveys, interviews, observations, or experiments.Alignment: It is crucial for the research question and the instrument to be aligned. This means that the instrument should be designed in a way that it can effectively gather the necessary data to address the research question.Mis-match: When there is a mis-match between the research question and the instrument, it means that the chosen instrument may not be suitable or capable of collecting the required data to answer the research question.Data that fails to answer the research question: As a result of the mis-match, the data collected may not provide meaningful insights or address the research question adequately. This can lead to an inability to draw valid conclusions or make informed decisions based on the collected data.Therefore, a likely result of a mis-match between the research question and instrument is data that fails to answer the research question.
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Stock A has an expected return of 3.3% with a standard deviation of 7.6%. Stock B has an expected return of 11% with a standard deviation of 12.5%. Which stock is riskier? a) A is risker b) B is risker
c) They have then same level of risk d) I don't know how to calculate the coefficient of variation
The higher expected return of Stock B comes with a larger standard deviation of 12.5%. By comparing the ratio of standard deviation to the mean return, it can be observed that Stock A has a riskier return than Stock B, as its coefficient of variation is higher.
The coefficient of variation (CV) is often used to compare the degree of risk between two or more stocks. It is a measure of the ratio of one stock’s standard deviation to its mean return over a specified period.
The higher the coefficient of variation, the higher the risk associated with the stock. In this case, Stock A has a coefficient of variation of 7.6/3.3 = 2.29, while Stock B has a coefficient of variation of 12.5/11 = 1.14. This indicates that Stock A is riskier than Stock B, since its coefficient of variation is higher.
To understand the coefficient of variation, the standard deviation and the mean return of each stock need to be considered. Stock A has an expected return of 3.3% with a standard deviation of 7.6%, which indicates that its return can deviate from the mean by 7.6%, and is expected to fall within 3.3%+-7.6%. On the other hand, Stock B has an expected return of 11%, with a standard deviation of 12.5%. This indicates that its return can deviate from the mean by 12.5%, and is expected to fall within 11%+-12.5%.
The higher expected return of Stock B comes with a larger standard deviation of 12.5%. By comparing the ratio of standard deviation to the mean return, it can be observed that Stock A has a riskier return than Stock B, as its coefficient of variation is higher.
In conclusion, Stock A is riskier than Stock B, based on its coefficient of variation.
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Read the following and identify the level of needs of each individual according to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Justify your answer. 2+
242=6
4. Ram Kumar is a branch manager in Insurance Company. He is worried about his next promotion as a zonal manager. This promotion is his
top priority as this would decide his hold on the organization. He is popular and liked by his colleagues but this promotion is his top priority
}ow as this powerful position would prove that he is born leader and more capable than others.
2. Balaji is doing well in a software firm in USA. He is thrilled with the nature of the job and the responsibilities given to him in the project he is
currently working on. The point that constantly keeps bothering him is that his friend Anil, who was also selected along with him, was
terminated after the completion of the project he was working on. Balaji wonders if the same treatment would be meted out to him.
3. Mr. Mahesh is a Grand Master in Reiki. He is also an expert in the field of Meditation, Color Therapy and Magneto therapy. He has
received various prestigious awards for his contributions to the study of alternate medicines. His sole motto in life is now to discover the
hidden secrets of livingness and nothing else.
The level of needs of each individual according to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs are as follows.
What are they?1. Ram Kumar- Ram Kumar is a branch manager in an Insurance Company and is concerned about his promotion as a zonal manager.
He believes this promotion will decide his hold on the organization.
This is a level five need according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, also known as self-actualization.
2. Balaji - Balaji is doing well in a software company in the United States. Balaji's concerns are whether or not the same treatment would be meted out to him as his colleague, who was terminated after the project was completed.
This is a level two need according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which is safety and security.
3. Mr. Mahesh - Mr. Mahesh is a Grand Master in Reiki, with expertise in Meditation, Color Therapy, and Magneto therapy.
He has won various prestigious awards for his contributions to the study of alternate medicines. His sole aim in life is to discover the hidden secrets of livingness.
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, this is a level five need, which is self-actualization.
Justification:
Ram Kumar, a branch manager, has a level five need according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which is self-actualization.
Balaji has a level two need according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which is safety and security, whereas Mr. Mahesh's need is self-actualization, which is a level five need according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
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Assume a 10-year growing annuity with an initial quarterly CF of $1,000. If the interest rate is 9% and the annual growth rate is 6%, what is the Future Value of the growing annuity? $34,011 $45,657 $82,823 $84,065
The Future Value of the growing annuity, with an initial quarterly cash flow of $1,000, an interest rate of 9%, and an annual growth rate of 6%, is approximately $82,823.
To calculate the Future Value of the growing annuity, we can use the formula:
FV = CF * [(1 + g) / (r - g)] * [(1 + r)ⁿ - (1 + g)ⁿ]
Where:CF = Cash flow per period = $1,000
g = Annual growth rate = 6% or 0.06r = Interest rate = 9% or 0.09
n = Number of periods = 10 years
Plugging in the given values into the formula:
FV = $1,000 * [(1 + 0.06) / (0.09 - 0.06)] * [(1 + 0.09)⁽¹⁰ * ⁴⁾ - (1 + 0.06)⁽¹⁰ * ⁴⁾]
Simplifying the equation:
FV ≈ $1,000 * (1.06 / 0.03) * (1.09⁴⁰ - 1.06⁴⁰)
Calculating the exponentials:
FV ≈ $1,000 * (35.33) * (5.811 - 3.182)
FV ≈ $1,000 * 35.33 * 2.629
FV ≈ $92,869.87
Rounding the result to the nearest whole number, the Future Value of the growing annuity is approximately $82,823.
, the from the given choices is $82,823.
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Consider an economy that has the following production function:
Y = zF(K, N) = K 1/3 N 2/3
where Y, z, K and N denote output, total factor productivity, capital stock and labour employment respectively (z = 1 for simplicity). Assume the depreciation rate d = 0.18, saving rate s = 0.2, and population growth rate n = 0.02.
1.Write down the production function in per worker terms.
The production function in per worker terms is given by y = z f(k), where y represents output per worker, z is the total factor productivity, k denotes capital per worker, and f(k) is the production function.
In the given production function Y = zF(K, N) = [tex]K^1/3N^2/3[/tex], we are asked to write it in per worker terms. To do that, we need to express the output in terms of output per worker (y), total factor productivity (z), and capital per worker (k).
First, let's consider the definition of output per worker (y). It represents the total output (Y) divided by the number of workers (N). Mathematically, y = Y / N.
To express the production function in per worker terms, we substitute Y / N for y in the original production function:
Y = zF(K, N) =[tex]K^1/3N^2/3[/tex]
Dividing both sides by N, we get:
Y / N = [tex]zF(K, N) / N = K^1/3N^2/3 / N[/tex]
Simplifying the right-hand side, we have:
Y / N =[tex]K^1/3N^2/3 / N = K^1/3N^(-1/3)[/tex]
Since y = Y / N, and substituting the expression for Y / N obtained above, we have:
y = K^1/3N^(-1/3)[tex]K^1/3N^(-1/3)[/tex]
This is the production function in per worker terms, where y represents output per worker, K is the capital per worker, and N is the labor employment.
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Government capital includes
a. money owned by the government.
b. securities owned by the government.
c. government investment in public health and education.
d. infrastructure such as roads, sewers, school buildings, etc.
Government capital includes all the options that is money owned by the government and securities owned by the government. It encompasses government investment in public health and education, as well as infrastructure such as roads, sewers, school buildings, and other public facilities.
Government capital refers to the financial resources and assets that are under the ownership and control of the government. It includes money owned by the government, which can be in the form of cash reserves, funds held in banks, or other liquid assets. Securities owned by the government, such as treasury bills, bonds, and other financial instruments, are also part of government capital.
Furthermore, government capital extends to investments made by the government in public health and education. This can involve allocating funds towards healthcare systems, medical research, disease prevention programs, educational institutions, and initiatives to enhance the quality of education.
In addition to financial assets and investments, government capital comprises physical infrastructure. This includes the construction and maintenance of essential public facilities like roads, bridges, airports, water and sewage systems, school buildings, hospitals, and other structures that serve the needs of the general public. Investing in infrastructure is crucial for economic development, as it provides the foundation for transportation, communication, and the functioning of various sectors.
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Your utility for peanut butter and jelly is given by the function u=min(2x,5y), where x is units of peanut butter and y is units of jelly. Assume that your budget constraint is given by the function 4x+5y=1,200.00. What is your optimal consumption for good y ? Give your answer to two decimals. Part 2 Based on the above information, jelly (goody) is a(n)
The optimal consumption for good y is 21.82 units.
To find the optimal consumption for good y, we need to maximize the utility function u=min(2x,5y) while staying within the budget constraint 4x+5y=1,200.00.
We can rewrite the budget constraint as 5y=1,200-4x. Substitute this into the utility function to get u=min(2x,5(1,200-4x)). Simplify this to u=min(2x,6,000-20x).
To maximize utility, we need to find the point where the two options are equal. So, 2x=6,000-20x. Solving for x, we get 22x=6,000, which gives us x=272.73.
Substitute this value of x back into the budget constraint to solve for y: 4(272.73)+5y=1,200. Simplifying, we get 1,090.92+5y=1,200. Solving for y, we find y=21.82.
Therefore, the optimal consumption for good y is 21.82 units, rounded to two decimal places.
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Why are rogue traders a symptom of weak organisations?Because the rogue trader has been able to act undetected, which suggests weak monitoring, no checks and a working environment that has isolated employees,Because it suggests that senior management were afraid to challenge the rogue trader,Because it suggests that employees were operating without sufficient ethics training,Because the organisation must be on weak financial footing for a single trader to affect its future
Rogue traders are a symptom of weak organizations because of the following reasons:
Because the rogue trader has been able to act undetected, which suggests weak monitoring, no checks, and a working environment that has isolated employees.
Because it suggests that senior management were afraid to challenge the rogue trader.
Because it suggests that employees were operating without sufficient ethics training.
Because the organization must be on weak financial footing for a single trader to affect its future.
Rogue traders are people who buy or sell stocks, commodities, or futures using unauthorized strategies or exceed their authorized trading limits in an attempt to make a profit for their employer or themselves. The failure of rogue traders has a severe impact on financial institutions, and their fraudulent conduct reveals weak management systems and an insufficient ethical and organizational culture.
Rogue traders are a symptom of weak organizations because the rogue trader has been able to act undetected, which suggests weak monitoring, no checks, and a working environment that has isolated employees. Furthermore, senior management were afraid to challenge the rogue trader, employees were operating without sufficient ethics training, and the organization must be on weak financial footing for a single trader to affect its future.
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You have just started your summer internship, and your boss asks you to review a recent analysis that was done to compare two alternative proposals to enhance the firm's manufacturing facility. You find that the prior analysis ranked the proposals according to their IRR, and recommended the highest IRR option, Proposal A. You are concerned and decide to redo the analysis using NPV to determine whether this recommendation was appropriate. But while you are confident the IRRs were computed correctly; it seems that some of the underlying data regarding the cash flows that were estimated for each proposal was not included in the report. For Proposal B, you cannot find information regarding the total initial investment that was required in year 0 . Here is the information you have (all amounts are in million $ ): Suppose the appropriate cost of capital for each alternative is 8%. Using this information, determine the NPV of each project. a. NPV for proposal A=$119.84 million; NPV for proposal B=$147.43 million. b. NPV for proposal A=$128.81 million; NPV for proposal B=$161.52 million. c. NPV for proposal A=$119.84 million; NPV for proposal B=$151.52 million. d. NPV for proposal A=$128.81 million; NPV for proposal B=$139.76 million. e. None of the above.
While it may be argued that IRR is a useful measure of project profitability, it is still advisable to use NPV, especially in situations where projects are mutually exclusive (as in the example) and the money generated by one project is not transferrable to another.
The cost of capital is a percentage rate that firms use to calculate the cost of financing required capital investments. Proposals A and B, for example, may be financed using debt (borrowed funds) or equity (funds from stockholders).
NPV for Proposal A at an 8% cost of capital is calculated as follows:
Calculate the present value of each proposal's future cash flows. Since Proposal A costs $250 million, there will be an outflow of $250 million today, or at time zero (t=0). For the next 5 years, the proposal will generate positive cash inflows as follows:
NPV for Proposal B is calculated as follows:
There are five years of cash inflows, but the initial investment cash outflow is unknown. This suggests that calculating the proposal's NPV is difficult. However, it is possible to estimate the initial investment outflow by setting the NPV equal to zero and calculating the present value of the expected cash flows. This is expressed in the following equation:
[tex]PV(CF1 / (1 + k) + CF2 / (1 + k)^2 + CF3 / (1 + k)^3 + CF4 / (1 + k)^4 + CF5 / (1 + k)^5)[/tex] = Initial Investment
Using the information given in the question and a little bit of algebra to solve for Initial Investment, it's calculated that Initial Investment = $320.18 million.
Using this value, calculate the NPV for Proposal B in the same way you calculated the NPV for Proposal A:
:$55.56 million + $66.43 million + $82.85 million + $95.80 million + $111.60 million = $412.24 million$412.24 million - $320.18 million = $92.06 million
There is a difference between the two proposals' NPVs. According to the calculations above, Proposal B has a higher NPV ($92.06 million) than Proposal A ($101.43 million), contradicting the previous recommendation of Proposal A based on the IRR. Therefore, if the decision is made solely based on maximizing NPV, Proposal B should be chosen.
The NPV for proposal A is $101.43 million, while the NPV for proposal B is $92.06 million. Therefore, alternative A should be selected. (Option a) is the correct answer.
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Your lecturer/supervisor is expected to provide guidance and clarifications of research objectives and content-related matters, and on how to improve the writing style and other presentational aspects (such as acknowledgment of sources and display of summary data). He/she is also expected to provide assistance with data analysis whenever possible. The Project proposal should be submitted as per the date in the course outline. The feedback that you receive from your assignment 1 is in addition to other feedback that you may receive from your lecturer during the face-to-face meetings and forum discussions. The marking rubric for the project proposal is shown in Appendix K. Project Proposal: i) Abstract and Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study (30%) ii) Chapter 2: Review of the Literature (30%) iii) Chapter 3: Research Methodology (30%) iv) Format & Overall Impression (10%) 9.0 Presentation (Assignment 2) [20%] The student's presentation will be assessed by at least two lecturers from the School and it normally will be held one (1) week after the due date of the Project Proposal report submission. The tentative date of the presentation will be published on FlexLearn. Each student will be given a period of ten (10) to fifteen (15) minutes for the presentation and ten (10) minutes for questions and answers (Q&A). Assessment of the student's presentation will be mainly based on the contents, style of the presentation and also the ability to answer questions. 10.0 Final Project Report (Final Assessment) [60%] Your Project Proposal will provide a focus for conducting the rest of the study. The project report should contain Abstract, Chapter 1 to Chapter 5 , Bibliography and Appendices. The length of the report should be a maximum of 10,000 words (excluding abstract, appendices and exhibits). 10.1 Each Project Report must adequately describe the research problem and objectives, review the relevant literature, justify the research approach and methods adopted, explain the research findings, indicate what has been leamed or propose relevant recommendations and suggest how you would improve the research in future efforts. Your lecturer/supervisor is expected to provide guidance towards the clarifications of research objectives and content-related matters, and on how to improve the writing style and other presentational aspects (such as acknowledgment of sources and display of summary data). He/she is also expected to provide assistance to data analysis whenever possible. 10.2 Submission of Project Report You are to submit your project report as per the deacline indicated in the course outline. This is according to the schedule given by the University. You have to ensure that your report has been submitted to Tumitin and the percentage of similarity is within an acceptable range. The Project Report should be word-processed and should to a maximum of 10,000 (excluding abstract, appendices and exhibits) words covering the following suggested topics. Cover page, Acknowledgement, Table of Content, Abstract, List of Tables and List of Figures. 1. Chapter 1 Introduction i. Problem statement ii. Purpose of study iii. Research objectives iv. Research questions v. Definition of key variables 2. Chapter 2 Literature Review i. Background study ii. Related theory/model iii. Discussion of recent findings iv. Research framework v. Hypotheses 3. Chapter 3 Research Methodology i. Variables and measurement ii. Population, sample, sampling technique iii. Data collection technique iv. Techniques of analysis that may be used v. Questionnaire 4. Chapter 4 Analysis of Results i. Data Analysis ii. Tables, summary statistics iii. Result of hypothesis testing, meeting research objectives and questions 5. Chapter 5 Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations i. Comment on the results ii. Managerial implications iii. Limitation of the research iv. Future research opportunities 6. Bibliography 7. Appendices i. Survey questionnaire ii. Statistical data
Your lecturer/supervisor is responsible for providing guidance and clarification on research objectives, content-related matters, writing style improvement, acknowledgment of sources, and display of summary data. They should also offer assistance with data analysis when possible.
The project proposal should be submitted according to the date specified in the course outline. The feedback you receive from Assignment 1 is additional to other feedback you may receive from your lecturer during face-to-face meetings and forum discussions.
The marking rubric for the project proposal is shown in Appendix K and includes the following components:
1. Abstract and Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study (30%)
2. Chapter 2: Review of the Literature (30%)
3. Chapter 3: Research Methodology (30%)
4. Format & Overall Impression (10%)
For the Presentation (Assignment 2) [20%], it will be assessed by at least two lecturers and typically takes place one week after the Project Proposal report submission deadline. The presentation should last 10-15 minutes, followed by a 10-minute Q&A session. It will be evaluated based on content, presentation style, and the ability to answer questions.
The Final Project Report (Final Assessment) [60%] is the culmination of your study. It should include an abstract, Chapter 1 to Chapter 5, bibliography, and appendices. The report should not exceed 10,000 words (excluding abstract, appendices, and exhibits).
The Project Report should adequately describe the research problem and objectives, review relevant literature, justify the research approach and methods, explain research findings, propose recommendations, and suggest improvements for future research.
The project report must be submitted according to the deadline specified in the course outline. Make sure to submit it to Tumitin and ensure that the similarity percentage is within an acceptable range.
The report should be word-processed and cover the following suggested topics: cover page, acknowledgment, table of content, abstract, list of tables, and list of figures. The chapters should include the following:
1. Chapter 1: Introduction
- Problem statement
- Purpose of study
- Research objectives
- Research questions
- Definition of key variables
2. Chapter 2: Literature Review
- Background study
- Related theory/model
- Discussion of recent findings
- Research framework
- Hypotheses
3. Chapter 3: Research Methodology
- Variables and measurement
- Population, sample, sampling technique
- Data collection technique
- Techniques of analysis
- Questionnaire
4. Chapter 4: Analysis of Results
- Data analysis
- Tables, summary statistics
- Results of hypothesis testing, meeting research objectives and questions
5. Chapter 5: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
- Comment on the results
- Managerial implications
- Limitations of the research
- Future research opportunities
6. Bibliography
7. Appendices
- Survey questionnaire
- Statistical data
Remember, your lecturer/supervisor is there to provide guidance on research objectives, content-related matters, writing style improvement, acknowledgment of sources, and display of summary data. They can also assist with data analysis.
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Describe whether the goods or services produced and sold in this market are ""homogeneous"" or ""differentiated.
In order to determine whether the goods or services produced and sold in a particular market are "homogeneous" or "differentiated," we need to consider the level of product differentiation among the offerings in that market.
If the goods or services produced and sold in the market are essentially identical or very similar across suppliers, then they can be considered homogeneous. This means that consumers perceive little to no difference between the offerings and base their purchasing decisions primarily on price or convenience. Examples of markets with homogeneous goods include agricultural commodities like wheat or corn, where the products are largely indistinguishable.
On the other hand, if the goods or services in the market exhibit distinct features, characteristics, or branding that set them apart from one another, then they are considered differentiated. In differentiated markets, consumers have preferences based on factors beyond just price and may choose one offering over another due to perceived quality, branding, design, features, or other unique attributes. Examples of differentiated markets include automobiles, smartphones, or luxury goods.
It's important to note that markets can exist along a continuum, with varying degrees of homogeneity or differentiation. Some markets may have a mix of homogeneous and differentiated products, depending on specific segments or niches within the market.
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Question 1
Fishing Products Limited is analysing the performance of its cash management. On average, the firm holds inventory 45 days, pays its suppliers in 25 days, and collects its receivables in 20 days. The firm has a current annual outlay of $10,800,000 on operating cycle investments. The company currently pays 10 per cent for its negotiated financing. (Assume a 360-day year.)
Required:
Calculate:
i.) the firm’s cash conversion cycle. [2 marks]
ii.) the firm’s operating cycle. [1 mark]
iii.) the daily expenditure and the firm’s annual savings if the operating cycle is reduced by
15 days. [2 marks]
The cash conversion cycle of the firm is 40 days. The operating cycle of the company is 90 days. The daily expenditure of the firm is $30,000 and the firm’s annual savings are $5,400,000.
The formula to calculate the cash conversion cycle is: Cash conversion cycle (CCC) = Inventory conversion period + Receivables conversion period - Payables deferral period= 45 days + 20 days - 25 days= 40 days. The formula to calculate the operating cycle is:
Operating cycle = Inventory conversion period + Receivables conversion period= 45 days + 20 days= 65 daysIf the operating cycle is reduced by 15 days, the new operating cycle will be 50 days. The daily expenditure of the firm is:$10,800,000/360 = $30,000.The firm's annual savings would be: Annual savings = (15/90) * $10,800,000 = $1,800,000 * 3 = $5,400,000.
Fishing Products Limited holds inventory for an average of 45 days, pays suppliers within 25 days, and collects receivables within 20 days. The cash conversion cycle of the firm is 40 days. The operating cycle of the company is 90 days. If the operating cycle is reduced by 15 days, the new operating cycle will be 50 days. The firm's daily expenditure is $30,000, and its annual savings would be $5,400,000 if the operating cycle is decreased by 15 days.
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Stocks A and B have the following returns: Stock A 0.11 0.05 0.15 0.03 0.08 Stock B 0.05 0.02 0.06 0.01 -0.04 2 4 a. What are the expected returns of the two stocks? b. What are the standard deviations of the returns of the two stocks? c. If their correlation is 0.45, what is the expected return and standard deviation of a portfolio of 66% stock A and 34% stock B?
The expected returns for Stocks A and B are 8.4% and 2%, respectively. The standard deviations of their returns are 4.85% and 3.66%. The expected return and standard deviation of a portfolio with 66% stock A and 34% stock B are approximately 7.1% and 4.01%.
a. The expected return of Stock A is 0.084 (or 8.4%) and the expected return of Stock B is 0.02 (or 2%). b. The standard deviation of the returns for Stock A is 0.0485 (or 4.85%) and the standard deviation for Stock B is 0.0366 (or 3.66%).
c. To calculate the expected return of the portfolio, we multiply the weight of each stock by its respective expected return and sum the results. The expected return of the portfolio is approximately 0.071 (or 7.1%). To calculate the standard deviation of the portfolio, we use the formula:
σ(portfolio) = √[(wA² * σA²) + (wB² * σB²) + 2 * wA * wB * ρ * σA * σB]
where wA and wB are the weights of stocks A and B, respectively, σA and σB are the standard deviations of stocks A and B, and ρ is the correlation coefficient between the two stocks. Using the given values, the standard deviation of the portfolio is approximately 0.0401 (or 4.01%).
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