Answer: The answer is C
Plants that depend on photosynthesis to survive are most likely to be found in the sublittoral zone. This is the region of the ocean immediately below the intertidal zone and is characterized by the presence of seaweed and other plants. The sublittoral zone is shallow enough to allow sunlight to penetrate, which is essential for photosynthesis.
16. Which of the following is a possible food chain in a temperate deciduous forest?
wildflowers, rabbits, foxes
rabbits, foxes, wildflowers
wildflowers, foxes, rabbits
foxes, wildflowers, rabbits
Answer:
The correct answer is: wildflowers, rabbits, foxes
Explanation:
The correct answer is: wildflowers, rabbits, foxes
In a food chain, energy is transferred from one organism to another in a linear sequence. The organisms at the beginning of the food chain are usually producers, such as plants, which are eaten by herbivores, such as rabbits. In turn, the herbivores are consumed by predators, such as foxes.
In a temperate deciduous forest, wildflowers are a common type of plant that can be eaten by rabbits, which are in turn eaten by foxes. Therefore, the correct food chain is wildflowers (producer) → rabbits (herbivore) → foxes (predator).
During the Calvin Cycle, ___ occurs, in which carbon dioxide is added to a sugar molecule.
During the Calvin cycle, the process of carbon fixation occurs, in which carbon dioxide (CO2) is added to a five-carbon sugar molecule called ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) through the enzyme RuBisCO, forming an unstable six-carbon molecule.
This molecule immediately splits into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA), which can be further converted into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), a three-carbon sugar that can be used to build more complex organic molecules such as glucose.
The Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the chloroplasts of plants and algae and is essential for the process of photosynthesis, which converts light energy into chemical energy stored in the bonds of organic molecules.
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Use this image to explain the difference between causation and correlation:
One thing causing another is known as causation; in other words, action A results in outcome B. Nevertheless, correlation is just a relationship where action A is related to action B, even when one event does not always lead to the occurrence of the other.
What distinguishes correlation from causation?However, a correlation between two variables does not necessarily imply that a change in one variable is the reason for a change in the values of the other. There is a causal relationship between the two occurrences, which means that causation shows that one event is the outcome of the occurrence of the other event.
Which scenario best exemplifies correlation rather than causation?In other words, just because two things correlate does not necessarily entail that one is the cause of the other. For instance, just because shoppers in the UK tend to spend more when it's cold outside and less when it's hot outside doesn't necessarily indicate chilly weather spurs on frenetic high-street shopping.
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Causation is defined as one thing causing another; in other words, action A results in outcome B. However, correlation is just a relationship in which action A is related to action B, even if one event does not always result in the occurrence of the other. A correlation between two variables, however, does not always imply that a change in one variable is the cause of a change in the values of the other. There is a causal relationship between the two occurrences, which means that one event is the result of the other event's occurrence. To put it another way, simply because two things correlate does not mean that one is the cause of the other. To put it another way, simply because two things correlate does not mean that one is the cause of the other. For example, just because shoppers in the United Kingdom tend to spend more when it's cold outdoors and less when it's hot outside doesn't mean that cold weather encourages frenzied high-street buying.
machine we used to separate the cells
The kind and amount of cells being separated, together with the specific requirements of the experiment or application, all influence the machine that is used for cell separation.
Depending on the particular application and the kind of cell separation, a variety of machines might be employed. Typical illustrations include:
A centrifuge is a device that employs centrifugal force to separate liquid or suspension components according to their densities.Flow cytometer: A flow cytometer is a device that analyses and sorts cells according to their size, shape, and other features using laser beams.Magnetic beads coated with antibodies are used in the magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) method to separate cells according to certain surface markers.Microfluidic devices: Microfluidic devices control fluids and cells on a microscopic scale by using minuscule channels and valves.learn more about cell separation,
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What is reproduction
Reproduction is the biological process by which organisms produce new individuals. The male "train" ejects semen into a woman's "Destination", and lets the "passengers leave" (semen) and the semen must reach the female egg, from there it creates a fetus.
After an extreme disturbance, what kind of organisms move into the area first
After an extreme disturbance, the kind of organisms that move into an area first are the pioneer species.
What are pioneer species?After an extreme disturbance, such as a fire or volcanic eruption, pioneer species are often the first organisms to move into the area. These are typically hardy, fast-growing species that can quickly colonize the area and establish themselves in the newly available space.
In terrestrial ecosystems, pioneer species may include grasses, mosses, and lichens, which are able to quickly grow and spread across the disturbed area. These plants are often adapted to harsh environmental conditions, such as drought, high temperatures, and low soil nutrients, which may be present in the aftermath of a disturbance.
In aquatic ecosystems, pioneer species may include algae and other microorganisms, which can quickly colonize the available surface area and begin photosynthesizing. These organisms are often able to rapidly reproduce and establish themselves in the disturbed area, creating a foundation for other organisms to colonize the area.
Pioneer species play an important role in ecosystem recovery, as they help to stabilize the soil, build organic matter, and create habitats for other organisms. As the ecosystem recovers, other, more specialized species can move in and establish themselves, eventually leading to the development of a more complex and diverse ecosystem.
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using examples explain why "Catching the seeds" is possible in some crops by farmers.
"Catching the seeds" is possible in some crops due to their specific characteristics, such as self-pollination, and the ease with which their seeds can be collected and stored.
What do you understand by the term "Catching the seeds"?"Catching the seeds" refers to the practice of intentionally collecting and saving seeds from a crop in order to use them for planting in the next growing season. This is possible in some crops due to their specific characteristics and growth patterns.
One example of a crop in which "catching the seeds" is possible is beans. Beans are self-pollinating plants, which means that the flowers on each plant contain both male and female reproductive structures. This reduces the likelihood of cross-pollination and ensures that the seeds produced by each plant will be similar to the parent plant.
Another example of a crop in which "catching the seeds" is possible is tomatoes. Tomato plants produce fruit that contain seeds, and these seeds can be collected and saved for planting in the next season. Additionally, tomatoes are typically grown in a controlled environment, such as a greenhouse, which reduces the likelihood of cross-pollination with other tomato varieties.
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Gretta draws a phylogenetic tree for plants. She makes a list of flowering plants, gymnosperms, seed plants, vascular plants,
and nonvascular plants. How does she organize her phylogenetic tree? Select all that apply.
a. She draws branches for flowering plants at the beginning of her tree.
b. She draws branches for gymnosperms at the beginning of her tree.
c. She draws branches for simple land plants after the branches for flowering plants.
d. She draws branches for flowering plants next to each other.
e. She draws branches for gymnosperms next to nonvascular plants.
f. She draws a branch for gymnosperms after the branches for vascular plants.
b. She draws branches for gymnosperms at the beginning of her tree.
c. She draws branches for simple land plants after the branches for flowering plants.
f. She draws a branch for gymnosperms after the branches for vascular plants.
What is the Gretta's organization of her phylogenetic tree?Gretta's organization of her phylogenetic tree likely follows the current understanding of plant evolution. Gymnosperms are considered to be one of the earliest groups of plants to evolve and are therefore placed at the beginning of the tree.
Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, are a more recent group of plants that evolved after gymnosperms and are placed after gymnosperms in the tree. Simple land plants, which include nonvascular plants, are thought to have evolved before vascular plants, and are therefore placed after flowering plants. Vascular plants, which include both gymnosperms and angiosperms, are a diverse group of plants that evolved a system of tubes for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant. Gymnosperms and angiosperms are placed in separate branches of the tree after the branches for simple land plants.
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Would it make a difference if the photographer of this image intended to hang it in a gallery as “art?” What if the goal of the artist was to make viewers mad or uncomfortable? What if the artist created this image as a way to engage viewers in critiquing both Native American and non-Native American cultures?
Yes, the intention of the photographer and artist can significantly impact the interpretation and reception of the image. If the photographer intended to hang the image in a gallery as "art," it suggests that they intended it to be seen as a creative expression or a commentary on a particular subject.
What if the goal of the artist was to make viewers mad or uncomfortable?Similarly, if the goal of the artist was to make viewers mad or uncomfortable, it suggests that the image was meant to provoke an emotional response and potentially challenge the viewers' perspectives.
If the artist created the image as a way to engage viewers in critiquing both Native American and non-Native American cultures, it suggests that the image was created to spark conversation and encourage critical thinking about important social issues.
Overall, the intentions behind the creation and display of an image can greatly impact the way it is perceived and received by viewers.
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4). Mrs. C was admitted to your hospital for the treatment of an injury sustained from a fall at her home. Upon admission, you conduct a pressure injury risk assessment. The results of the formal, validated tool you used for assessment indicate that Mrs. C is at moderate risk for the development of a pressure injury During your assessment, you find that the patient’s diastolic blood pressure less than 60. This finding, as well as awareness of additional risk factors beyond those included on the risk tool, lead you to believe that the patient is at high risk for pressure injury development. How should you proceed?
A. Document the tool score but ignore your nursing judgment
B. Document the tool score and your additional findings
C. Implement interventions solely based on the tool score
D. Implement interventions that address the risks you have identified
E. A and C
F. B and D
In addition to utilising a formal, validated tool for pressure injury risk assessment, it's crucial to apply nursing judgement and take into account extra risk factors that the tool might not have considered.
What mattress should be used by people who are susceptible to developing pressure ulcers?Foam mattresses are thus mostly suggested for people who are at a low-to-medium risk of getting a pressure ulcer.
Which tool is typically employed to assess a patient's risk of experiencing pressure injuries?A standardised, research-based evaluation instrument called the Braden Scale is frequently used in the medical field to determine and record a patient's risk of suffering from pressure injuries.
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The process of converting carbon dioxide to organic products is called
Answer:
photosynthesis
Explanation:
The earliest self-replicating information containing molecule is theorized to be RNA. Which type of RNA that we have learned about in all likelihood used to be able to self-replicate?
HINT: Which RNA does more than carry a message?
A. tRNA
B. CRNA
What is a non-example of brackish water?
Answer:
A non-example of brackish water would be water that is not a mixture of fresh and saltwater. For example, distilled water, which contains no dissolved salts or minerals, would be a non-example of brackish water.
10. In at least 4 sequential steps, explain how the use of DDT (diphenyl-trichloroethane) led to the endangerment of the American Bald Eagle.
Answer the question fully, in sequential order, with properly formatted, complete sentences for full credit. This question will be manually graded by your teacher.
*
Answer:
DDT was first introduced in the United States in the 1940s as a powerful pesticide that was widely used to control insect populations.
DDT use led to the decline of the bald eagle population in the United States in the mid-twentieth century.
Bald eagles are at the top of the food chain and consume large quantities of fish, which can accumulate DDT in their bodies over time.
The accumulation of DDT in bald eagles led to a condition known as eggshell thinning, which caused the eggs to crack before they could hatch, resulting in a decline in the bald eagle population.
The thinning of eggshells occurs because DDT causes the female bald eagles to produce eggs with thinner shells.
As a result, many bald eagle chicks did not survive, leading to a decline in the population.
In addition to bald eagles, other bird species were also affected by the use of DDT, leading to a decline in their populations as well.
In the 1960s, research conducted by Rachel Carson and others brought attention to the harmful effects of DDT on the environment and wildlife.
As a result of this research, the use of DDT was banned in the United States in 1972.
Since the ban of DDT, the bald eagle population has shown signs of recovery, but is still considered a threatened species in many parts of the country.
what important things do primary producers such as phytoplankton and giant kelp provide for a healthy ecosystem?
Answer:
Phytoplankton are the foundation of the ocean food web, providing organic matter for virtually all other marine creatures. Their primary productivity limits the growth of crustaceans, fish, sharks, porpoises and other marine creatures. They are responsible for half of the photosynthetic activity on the planet. Phytoplankton’s role in the global ecosystem has made them a target for controlling carbon-dioxide levels in the earth’s atmosphere.
Giant kelp is a type of brown algae that grows in shallow, nutrient-rich saltwater near coastal fronts around the world. It provides habitat and food for a variety of marine organisms. Kelp and other types of marine vegetation absorb an estimated 20 times more carbon dioxide per acre than forests on land, making it a powerful force in storing this persistent greenhouse gas and mitigating the effects of climate change.
The change in red blood cell volume in principally due to the movement of:
1.serum
2.oxygen
3.water.
4.salt
The change in red blood cell volume is primarily due to the movement of water. The correct answer is 3.
Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, have the ability to regulate their volume through the process of osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.
In the case of red blood cells, they contain certain solutes, such as ions and proteins, that contribute to their internal solute concentration. When the surrounding environment has a higher solute concentration, water moves into the red blood cells to equalize the concentration. This causes the cells to swell and increase in volume.
Conversely, when the surrounding environment has a lower solute concentration, water moves out of the red blood cells, leading to their shrinkage and decrease in volume. This osmotic movement of water plays a crucial role in maintaining the proper volume and shape of red blood cells, which is essential for their optimal functioning in carrying oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.
While serum (option 1), oxygen (option 2), and salt (option 4) may influence red blood cell function and physiology in various ways, the primary factor responsible for the change in red blood cell volume is the movement of water through osmosis. Therefore, the correct answer is 3.
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Draw a diagram to show how glucose would bond together and be broken down.
Answer:
Explanation
image down below
On a food pyramid, where is the most energy for the ecosystem?
A. In the middle with the omnivores.
B. Near the bottom with the herbivores.
C. At the top with the top carnivores.
D. At the bottom with the producers.
Option D is the most energy for the eco system. The producers are located in the base of the pyramid, which is also its greatest level.
The amount of energy declines and the levels get smaller as you climb the pyramid to reach primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers through the trophic levels.
Producers are organisms like plants, algae, and some bacteria that operate as the main energy source by converting light or chemical energy into food like glucose. Producers play a significant part in every ecosystem. Both directly and indirectly, they are necessary for both herbivores and carnivores.
As a result, Option c's producers—organisms like algae and green plants that can manufacture their own food using the energy of the sun—would be the source of the greatest energy in an ecosystem.
The food chain's top trophic level contains the greatest energy. The producers, which include all photosynthetic creatures, are found at this level. Moreover, occasionally photosynthetic bacteria and protists are included in this. These organisms convert solar energy into organic sugar by using it.
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An organism’s adaptations are specific to its native environment. An organism that lives in a coniferous forest will have different adaptations compared to an animal that lives in a tropical rain forest. The following graphs show the temperature and precipitation throughout the year for two different forests: a coniferous forest in Canada, and a tropical rain forest in Belize.
Evaluate the graphs, and then explain why plants from these two ecosystems will have different adaptations. In your answer, explain the survival challenges that plants face in these two environments.
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Coniferous forests experience cold, harsh winters and mild summers with low precipitation, while tropical rainforests have warm temperatures and high levels of rainfall year-round.
How does forests adapt to weather conditions?Plants in coniferous forests have evolved adaptations to survive in the cold temperatures and low precipitation. For example, coniferous trees have needle-like leaves that reduce water loss due to transpiration and a waxy coating on their leaves that protects them from cold temperatures. They also have shallow roots that can absorb nutrients from the top layer of soil, which is nutrient-poor due to the cold temperatures and slow decomposition rates.
In contrast, plants in tropical rainforests face different challenges. The high temperatures and rainfall in these ecosystems create a warm, humid environment that promotes rapid growth and high competition for resources. To survive in this environment, plants have developed adaptations such as large, broad leaves that maximize light absorption and transpiration, and aerial roots that absorb nutrients from the surrounding air and water.
In summary, the temperature and precipitation patterns in coniferous forests and tropical rainforests have shaped the adaptations of the plants that live there. Coniferous trees have evolved to withstand cold, dry winters, while tropical rainforest plants have adapted to the warm, humid conditions and intense competition for resources.
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1) The goal of a pressure injury risk assessment is:
A. To identify patients who are susceptible to developing a pressure injury
B. To identify the level of risk
C. To identify the type of risk
D. A and B
E. All of the above
D. A and B
A pressure injury risk assessment is done to identify patients who are susceptible to developing a pressure injury and to determine the level of risk.
What is a non-example of coastal wetland?
Answer:
A non-example of coastal wetland would be a mountain range, desert, or urban area. Coastal wetlands refer to a specific type of ecosystem that is located in the intertidal zone, where land meets the sea and is characterized by wet and marshy areas.
(I WILL MARK YOU BRAINLIEST) Why do those native to the Tibetan Plateau have an advantage (name the gene)? How does it provide an advantage? Use this excerpt to explain the relationship between adaptation and natural selection.
"Organisms, like a camel, have traits that allow them to survive in their environment. These traits are passed down through natural selection. Natural selection is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment will survive better and produce more offspring.. These traits are also known as adaptations. Adaptations can be anatomical (how the organism is built), behavioral, or physiological (how parts of an organism function). About 800 people each year attempt to climb Mount Everest. Mount Everest is located on the border between Tibet and Nepal in the Himalayas in Asia. The dangers of climbing Mount Everest include avalanches, cracking ice flows, and deep deadly crevices. However, the most trouble that climbers run into is altitude sickness. Altitude sickness is a group of symptoms that can happen when walking or climbing in higher altitudes. Most cases of altitude sickness are mild, while some symptoms can be life threatening. When climbing Mount Everest, there is an area known as the “death zone” that climbers hit when they reach about 8000 meters above sea level. In the death zone, the lungs and brain do not get enough oxygen, the risk of stroke and heart attack increases, and judgment is impaired. Those native to the Tibetan plateau have adapted to living at high altitudes with lower oxygen levels and are able to help mountain climbers. Tibetans have several genes that allow them to use less oxygen when they are working or exerting energy. Scientist have studied the genes of the Tibetans and found when one version of a gene was expressed, or allele, the people had a 10 percent higher saturation of oxygen. This means their blood contained 10 percent more oxygen than most people. The study also found that women who have the genotype for high oxygen saturation have more living children and lower death rates, which allows this gene to be passed from parent to offspring more efficiently. The gene that gives those native to the Tibetan plateau the advantage is the EPAS1 gene. This gene helps produce hemoglobin, an iron-containing red protein that carries oxygen in the blood.. The EPAS1 gene provides instructions for a protein that plays a role in the body’s ability to adapt to changing oxygen levels. The protein also controls cell division, forming new blood vessels and making new red blood cells. Scientists have compared the genetic makeup of the Tibetan people to those of Han Chinese people who live in the lowlands of Mount Everest. The two populations split, and Tibetans migrated to the highlands less than 3000 years ago. The scientists concluded that the EPAS1 gene was not prevalent in the Han Chinese population, and the increased abundance in the Tibetan people was a result of natural selection."
Answer:
“The Tibetan genome appears to arise from a mixture of two ancestral gene pools,” said Anna Di Rienzo, professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago and corresponding author of the study. “One migrated early to high altitude and adapted to this environment. The other, which migrated more recently from low altitudes, acquired the advantageous alleles from the resident high-altitude population by interbreeding and forming what we refer to today as Tibetans.”
High elevations are challenging for most humans because of low oxygen levels, but Tibetans spend their lives above 13,000 feet with little issue. They are better suited to that climate when compared to short-term visitors from low altitudes, thanks to physiological traits such as relatively low hemoglobin concentrations at altitude.
Unique to Tibetans are variants of the EGLN1 and EPAS1 genes, key genes in the oxygen homeostasis system at all altitudes. These variants were hypothesized to have evolved around 3,000 years ago, a date which conflicts with much older archaeological evidence of human settlement in Tibet.
Adaptations can be anatomical (how the organism is built), behavioral, or physiological (how parts of an organism function). About 800 people each year attempt to climb Mount Everest. Mount Everest is located on the border between Tibet and Nepal in the Himalayas in Asia. The dangers of climbing Mount Everest include avalanches, cracking ice flows, and deep deadly crevices. However, the most trouble that climbers run into is altitude sickness. Altitude sickness is a group of symptoms that can happen when walking or climbing in higher altitudes. Most cases of altitude sickness are mild, while some symptoms can be life threatening. When climbing Mount Everest, there is an area known as the “death zone” that climbers hit when they reach about 8000 meters above sea level. In the death zone, the lungs and brain do not get enough oxygen, the risk of stroke and heart attack increases, and judgment is impaired. Those native to the Tibetan plateau have adapted to living at high altitudes with lower oxygen levels and are able to help mountain climbers. Tibetans have several genes that allow them to use less oxygen when they are working or exerting energy. Scientist have studied the genes of the Tibetans and found when one version of a gene was expressed, or allele, the people had a 10 percent higher saturation of oxygen.
In order to enter cells and be useful to the body, starch must be
(1) absorbed through the skin
(2) broken down into fats and water
(3) digested into simple sugars
(4) converted to carbon dioxide and ATP
Answer:
#3 digested into simple sugars
Explanation:
Starch is a carbohydrate, but specifically a polysaccharide. Unlike fats they cant be broken down so #2 is not correct for that reason. Since polysaccharides are a polymer of complex sugars they can be broken down to simple sugars in order for it to enter cells because the cell needs to transport the molecules in small portions not big. That is when the different types of transport comes in. :)
What is the industrial importance of yeast and mold?
Answer:
An important function of mould in the fermentation process is the synthesis of enzymes that hydrolyse the components and contribute to the development of a desirable texture, flavour, and aroma of the product
What conditions do you need to change in order for the bread to become fluffier? Name at least TWO
Explain
Answer:
To make bread fluffier, you can try changing the following conditions:
1. Increase the amount of yeast: Yeast is a crucial ingredient in bread making that helps the dough to rise and become fluffy. Increasing the amount of yeast can help to make the bread fluffier.
2. Allow the dough to rise for longer: Allowing the dough to rise for a longer period can give the yeast more time to produce gas and create air pockets in the bread, resulting in a fluffier texture.
3. Use bread flour instead of all-purpose flour: Bread flour has a higher protein content than all-purpose flour, which can help to give bread a better rise and a lighter, fluffier texture.
4. Add more liquid: Bread dough needs to be moist in order to rise properly. Adding more liquid can help to create a softer, fluffier bread.
It is important to note that making bread fluffier can be a delicate balance between the ingredients and the techniques used. Experimenting with these factors can help to achieve the desired texture.
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compare specific and non specific responses
What is the action of the highlighted muscle?
Option A is Correct. A synergist is a muscle that supports the muscle that performs the majority of an action.
Muscles that support or are in charge of supporting a similar group of joints during movement are known as synergist muscles. They play the agonist rather often. This muscle helps to create motion or movement close to a moveable joint.
For instance, the synergist muscle biceps brachii supports forearm flexion actions. At the muscle's origin, a fixator may also function as a synergist.
A tiny muscle called the teres major (TM) runs along the lateral aspect of the scapula. One of the seven scapulohumeral muscles, it aids in shoulder movement by acting on the glenohumeral joint. It's sometimes called "lat's little helper" because of its synergistic action with the latissimus dorsi.
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What is the action of Highlighted muscles?
a. synergist
b. originator
c. agonist
d. levator
e. antagonist
Which of the following is not a pre zygotic barrier to reproduction?
A. Fertilization occurs, but the embryo dies before it is born.
B. The male gamete (pollen) of one flower is not compatible with the female organs of another flower.
Although fertilisation takes place, the zygote perishes before birth. is a post-zygotic barrier, not a pre-zygotic barrier to reproduction.
What are the obstacles before and after zygotic fertilisation?Prezygotic (barriers that inhibit fertilisation) or postzygotic reproductive isolation are both possible. barriers that develop after zygote development, like organisms that pass away while still embryos or are born sterile).
Which kind of obstacle is present prior to fertilisation?Before fertilization, prezygotic barriers prevent or make it difficult for members of distinct species to mate. These obstacles can include variations in habitats, mating practices, and genitalia. A type of postzygotic barrier known as hybrid zygote abnormality occurs when hybrid zygotes are unable to mature properly.
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Forest cover about 30% of our planet they preserve biodiversity and nurturing thousands of blank species. They also provide raw materials for furniture, paper, and printing industries.
Answer:c
Explanation:
The stomach mucosa is thickened due to the abundance of _________
The quantity of gastric glands, which release pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, and other digesting enzymes, causes the stomach mucosa to thicken.
What causes stomach mucosa?When the stomach lining is damaged or weakened, gastropathy results (mucosa). There are numerous potential causes of the problem, including: Alcohol abuse: Extended drinking can irritate and harm the lining of the stomach. Autoimmune disease: In certain patients, the immune system attacks the healthy cells that line the stomach.
Why is the mucosa layer in the stomach so thick?The gastric mucosa has two main functions: to shield the stomach wall from acid and digestive enzymes and to lubricate the food masses in the stomach and allow movement inside the stomach.
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