If an insecticide-resistant gene's frequency is constant, the expression for the gene's frequency in the following generation is given by
[tex]f = \frac{p * (1 + s)}{1 + sp}[/tex]
where s represents the reproductive advantage this gene has in the presence of the pesticide compared to the wild type.
Insecticide resistance: what is it?
Organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and other types of insecticides that have a similar chemical makeup and method of action are classified into groups of insecticides (MOA). The precise mechanism by which an insecticide kills an insect or prevents its growth is known as MOA.
A pest population's susceptibility to a certain insecticide or set of insecticides changes heritably over time, which is referred to as insecticide resistance. The term "pesticide-resistant" refers to insects that consistently resist being sufficiently controlled by the registered rate of an insecticide. In areas with high levels of pesticide resistance, applying insecticides at many times the usual rate may not have any impact on bug populations.
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chloroplasts are proposed to have arisen after archaea cells engulfed , in endosymbiosis, allowing the engulfed cell to remain, with specialized function.
Chloroplasts are proposed to have arisen after archaea cells engulfed Photosynthetic bacteria in endosymbiosis, allowing the engulfed cell to remain, with specialized function.
What is a bacteria?
Prokaryotes are microscopic living things that lack an organelle and a clearly defined nuclear membrane. One variety of prokaryote is bacteria. They can be found everywhere and are essential to both human health and sickness.
According to endosymbiotic theory, a big tiny Archaean organism absorbed a photosynthesis-capable microscopic living organism. It turned out to be a photosynthetic bacteria. The photosynthetic creature thrived inside the larger cell in a mutually beneficial connection rather than being digested. This little photosynthetic creature evolved into the chloroplast, an organelle.
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genin gm, kent a, birman v, et al. 2009. functional grading of mineral and collagen in the attachment of tendon to bone. biophys j 97:976–985.
Due to the potential for high levels of localized stress to form at their interfaces, the attachment of different materials presents a significant difficulty.
At one of nature's most severe interfaces, when a tendon attaches to a bone, a stiff, structural "hard tissue," an efficient biologic solution to this challenge can be found. Objective was to create biomechanical models that would explain how the mechanical characteristics of the tendon-to-bone insertion are derived.We looked at the tendon-to-bone insertion and discovered two elements that grade the tendon-to-bone transition mechanically uniquely:
1) a gradation in collagen fiber orientation, as determined by polarized light microscopy, and
2) a gradation in mineral concentration, as determined by Raman spectroscopy.
What is Collagen ?Collagen serves as the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix that makes up the body's numerous connective tissues.It makes up between 25% and 35% of the protein in a mammal's entire body and is the basic building block of connective tissue.Products containing collagen are marketed as having the ability to increase skin blood flow, improve skin elasticity, and minimize visible wrinkles. Our skin doesn't sag because of collagen, which gives us a plump, youthful appearance.To know more about Collagen Fiber please click here : https://brainly.com/question/24244925
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Your question seems incomplete, please refer below for the complete question:
Discuss biomechanical models that detail how the mechanical characteristics of the tendon-to-bone insertion are derived.
Similarities between the buffalo and crocodile. PLEASE HELP ME! :)
Scientists who study
ocean temperatures
have seen
A. that the ocean is recently becoming colder
B. that the ocean is recently becoming warmer
C. that the ocean temperatures are not changing at all
000
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Writing has existed for 5,400 years. Modern humans have a great capacity to read, but 5,400 years is not enough time for humans to have evolved this ability. Therefore, the capacity to read was already natural to homo sapiens. True or false?.
It is a true statement that the capacity to read was already natural to homo sapiens.
What is evolution?The term evolution has to do with the changes that occur in an organism. We know that from the evolution theory, an organism tends to pass through many stages before it gets to the present stage that it is in the now.
We are told in the question that Writing has existed for 5,400 years. We know that the evolution of the modern man has taken so many million years to ago and that the process of evolution is still ongoing today. The modern man is called Homo Sapiens. Modern humans have a great capacity to read, but 5,400 years is not enough time for humans to have evolved this ability.
It is therefore a true statement from the foregoing that the capacity to read was already natural to homo sapiens.
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given that the glomerular filtration rate of a substance is 100 mg/min, the secretion rate is 20 mg/min and the reabsorption of this substance is 30 mg/min. what is the excretion rate of this substance from the body in mg/min?
The excretion rate of the substance from the body is 50 mg/min.
The glomerular filtration rate depends on the secretion rate, reabsorption rate, and excretion rate.
Glomerular filtration rate = Secretion rate + Reabsorption rate + Excretion rate
Glomerular Filteration Rate- The volume of plasma filtered by the glomeruli in a given amount of time is known as glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and it is often calculated by measuring the rate at which a drug is cleared from the plasma. The National Kidney Foundation states that typical findings fall between 90 and 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. GFR levels will be lower in older individuals than usual since GFR declines with age.
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The most striking property of the noble gases is their inactivity.
True
False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The most significant property of the noble gases (group 18) is their inactivity. They occur in low concentrations in the atmosphere . They find uses as inert atmospheres, neon signs, and as coolants. The three heaviest noble gases react with fluorine to form fluorides.
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Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across the membrane, while other molecules are restricted. Which term best describes this capability of a cell membrane?.
Which conservation effort specifically benefits species that are almost extinct?
A. National Parks
B. reducing pollutants put into the air
C. Endangered Species Act
D. habitat preservations
Endangered Species Act, specifically benefits species that are almost extinct.
Define Endangered Species.An endangered species is one that is thought to be on the verge of extinction, whether it be an animal or a plant. A species may be designated as endangered at the state, federal, and international levels. The list of endangered species is governed by the Endangered Species Act, which is handled at the federal level.
Define Endangered Species Act.The Endangered Species Act (ESA) was approved by Congress in 1973. The federal government has a responsibility under the ESA to protect threatened species, endangered species, and critical habitat. Threatened species are those that are on the verge of going extinct throughout much or all of their range (areas vital to the survival of endangered or threatened species)
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humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
The given statement is true.
Humans can digest starch but no longer cellulose due to the fact humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha-glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta-glycosidic linkages of cellulose. The enzyme amylase can spoil glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are linked with the aid of the alpha form.
Enzymes are proteins that assist velocity up chemical reactions in our bodies. Enzymes are imperative for digestion, liver feature and tons more. Too a lot or too little of a positive enzyme can cause health problems. Enzymes in our blood can additionally help healthcare companies test for accidents and diseases.
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2 The diagram below shows the reaction between iron oxide and carbon that produces iron and carbon dioxide. The reaction takes place in a closed system. What is true about the carbon atoms in the reaction? A. The mass of the carbon atoms increases between the reactants and the products of the reaction. B. The total mass of the carbon atoms is the same as the total mass of the oxygen atoms. C. The mass of carbon atoms in the reactants is the same as the mass of carbon atoms in the products. D. The total mass of the carbon atoms is the same as the total mass of the iron atoms.
The correct answer is C. The mass of carbon atoms in the reactants is the same as the mass of carbon atoms in the products.
Iron is present in the iron ore hematite in the form of iron(ii) oxide. Iron must be extracted by removing the oxygen that caused it to be left behind. Through the reduction reaction, the oxygen is eliminated.The displacement reaction happens because carbon is more reactive than iron. The iron is replaced by the carbon.Reaction = 2Fe₂O₃(s) + 3C(s) → 4Fe(l) + 3CO₂(g)Iron is reduced because its oxidation state is lowered and it turns into neutral iron, whereas carbon is oxidized because its oxidation state is raised.We can see that each atom's number is the same on both sides of the equation. The answer to the provided question is B since there are three carbon atoms on the reactant side and three more on the product side. that is,The amount of carbon atoms in the reactant and product are equal in mass.Therefore, option C. is correct.
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select components of biodiversity. multiple select question. ecosystems in which species live relative abundance of species reproduction rates of species number of species genetic variability of species potential for human benefit from species
The components of biodiversity are genetic variability, relative abundance, ecosystems, and number of species. The correct options are A, B, D, and E.
What is biodiversity?Biodiversity corresponds to the wide range of life that can be encountered in a particular region, including living creatures, plants, yeasts, and perhaps even pathogens such as bacteria.
Each of these lifeforms and living things collude in ecosystems to find equilibrium and survive in the wild, much like an elaborate system.
Biodiversity refers to the variability of living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, as well as the ecological complexes of which they are a part.
It includes diversity within species, diversity between species, and diversity of ecosystems.
Genetic variability, relative abundance, ecosystems, and the number of species are all components of biodiversity.
Thus, the correct options are A, B, D, and E.
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What habitat will an earthworm prefer independent variable and dependent variable
Answer:
Independent Variable: The independent variable in this experiment is the surface that the mealworms crawl on; plastic, paper and cardboard.
Dependent Variable: The dependent variable that we are measuring is the mealworm’s behavior on the materials and the specific material they spend the most time on after 5 minutes.
Hypothesis: We predict that mealworms prefer to crawl on plastic because they could crawl and almost glide smoothly on the surface.
Explanation:
One conclusion which we made from these results is that the mealworms preferred certain materials because it was easier for them to grip their legs onto. The plastic for example was found to be too smooth for the mealworm to crawl on, making it hard to grip their legs onto it. Smooth surfaces like plastic meant less friction to help the mealworm crawl along.
long-term visual outcomes after release from protocol in patients who participated in the inhibition of vegf in age-related choroidal neovascularisation (ivan) trial
Long-term visual data outcomes after protocol release in individuals who participated in the Inhibition of VEGF in Age-related Choroidal Neovascularization (IVAN) Trial
Between May 26, 2016, and August 24, 2017, data were gathered. From all participants' medical records up to the time of data collection, distance visual acuity (DVA) (letters read) in both eyes and therapies for nAMD given to either eye at all routine care visits were extracted (duration of study eye monitoring).
For 99% (532/537) of the participants who were eligible, data were collected. After IVAN leave, the average length of time for study eye monitoring was 3.3 years (interquartile range [IQR], 1.3-4.7), and the average DVA was 58.0 letters (IQR, 34.0-73.0).
The DVA of the study eye decreased by 4.3 (95% CI, 3.7-4.9) letters annually. After correcting for important confounders, injection rate had no effect on how quickly DVA changed. After IVAN departure, 174 participants (32%) received no medication, while 332 of 358 (93%) received ranibizumab as the initial course of treatment before switching to aflibercept in 78 (23%).
At the conclusion of study monitoring, the DVA was comparable for those who switched and those who did not switch.
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which portion of the cerebal cortext lies directly behind the forehead and is involved in speaking, muscle movements and making plans
Frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex lies directly behind the forehead and is involved in speaking, muscle movements and making plans.
Frontal Lobe- The frontal lobes of the human brain are the largest and most often affected by traumatic brain injury. Expressive language, voluntary movement, and higher level executive functions are all tightly regulated by the frontal lobes.
Cerebral Cortex- Language and information processing are two sophisticated brain operations that require the cerebral cortex. The frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes make up the four lobes that make up the cerebral cortex. The cerebrum's main job is to regulate the body's voluntary muscular motions.
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relationship between lactobacillus bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus under whey conditions: focus on amino acid formation
The discussion of relationship between lactobacillus bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus under whey conditions: focus on amino acid formation is given in the below paragraph-
In this study, we used Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 grown with or without Streptococcus thermophilus in whey medium to conduct microarray experiments to examine how these two strains use nitrogen since Lb. bulgaricus 2038 uses whey as its nitrogen before casein. Because S. thermophilus primarily preferred different types of peptides than L. bulgaricus, but has lost the ability to prioritize the use of free branched-chain amino acids, L. bulgaricus 2038 was better able to import the types of peptides required for growth compared to monoculture.
In order to stop Lb. bulgaricus 2038 from converting aspartate into intermediates that form the carbon skeleton, which is catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, the ratio of nitrogen to carbon was reduced during co-culture.
What is an amino acid?Organic substances known as amino acids have both functional groups for amino and carboxylic acids. Alpha-amino acids, which make up proteins, are by far the most common amino acids in nature despite the fact that there are hundreds of them. The genetic coding only contains 22 alpha amino acids.
The locations of the primary structural functional groups in amino acids can be categorized as alpha, beta, gamma, or delta amino acids; further classifications relate to polarity, ionization, and the type of side chain group (aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc.).
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During glycolysis, one molecule of is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, driving the synthesis of atp. True or false?.
This statement is true. During glycolysis, one molecule is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, driving the synthesis of ATP.
Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms and it splits one molecule of glucose into two pyruvate molecules.
The formula of this process is: Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O
The hydroxyl groups enable phosphorylation. Also, the particular form of glucose used in glycolysis is glucose 6-phosphate.
during the process,1,3 bisphosphoglycerate converts into 3- phosphoglycerate
The released phosphate produces 1 molecule of ATP.
In the next step, phosphoenolpyruvate converts into pyruvate and yields the second molecule of ATP.
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According to Darwin's Theory of Evolutionall of the following are required for evolution by natural selection EXCEPT
A) differential survival and reproduction
B) strength and fighting skills
C)competition for resources
D)variation in the population
Answer:
differential survival and reproductionExplanation:
According to Darwin's Theory of Evolutionall of the following are required for evolution by natural selection EXCEPT differential survival and reproduction .
Thesis & Outline
Where and how does the Big Bang Theory not match creation as told in the Bible.
The big bang does not recognize a supreme being as a first cause as does the bible.
What is the big bang?In accordance with the big bang theory the earth was started at a point and then the universe began to move outwards and expand until the earth got to what it is today. This exclude the possibility of an external force or an external hand that may have played a role in the formation of the earth.
On the other hand, the creationist account has it that God made the heavens and the earth. Thus the earth was fashioned by God as it is in its present form.
Thus the big bang does not recognize a supreme being as a first cause as does the bible. This is the point where the big bang differs from bible account.
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Who narrated the movie “fuel”
Answer:
upupfo6ffuucfycuitxouxyoxyoufpfoyxyoxypc
When an ecosystem contains many different species, there are usually a high number of links in its food web. How does this affect the sustainability of the ecosystem?.
Answer:
Lets say that one link was removed from the food web, that would make that ecosystem no longer exist.
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um has a faulty lac operon in which there is a structural defect in the operator. in this bacterium: a. there is a mutation in a segment of dna that binds a promoter. b. a missense mutation is found in the gene that codes for the repressor. c. there is a structural problem with a segment of dna that binds a repressor. d. there will be no proteins available capable of digesting lactose.
As a bacterium has a faulty lac operon in which there is a structural defect in the operator in this bacterium as there is a structural problem with a segment of DNA that binds a repressor. The correct option is c.
What is a lac operon?A bacterium has a fully lac operon with a structural flaw in the operator. A segment of DNA that binds a repressor in this bacterium has a structural flaw.
The operator in the lac operon is the segment of DNA that binds to the repressor.
In the absence of functional repressor/operator binding, the cell will produce the proteins required for lactose metabolism constitutively.
Thus, the correct option is c.
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how is searching for a treatment for a genetic disease different from that for a disease caused by something else, such as bacteria or viruses?
For disease caused by bacteria or viruses there is generally one type of treatment that is majorly effective in maximum of the population, However for genetic disease there is no one treatment. A person's entire genetic makeup might be needed to study to find the right treatment.
Genetic diseases are those that cause alterations (also called mutations) in the genes of a person. They are either non-curable or their treatment is mostly very expensive. These disease are inheritable to the offspring.
The genetic makeup of an organism comprises of the total number of chromosomes, the genetic sequence and how the genetic information is encoded in the genes.
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the many different disciplines that are used to study environmental science include biology, chemistry, economics, and political science.
The above statement 'the many different disciplines that are used to study environmental science include biology, chemistry, economics, and political science is true.
The field of environmental sciences is an interdisciplinary one as it relates to various other sciences.
In the field of environmental studies, the main area of focus study is the environment, environmental concerns, and its solution. As an environment is influenced by living as well as nonliving things hence biology and chemistry integrate into this science. Also, as the environment of a country plays an important role in economics hence the fields of environmental studies and economics are also related to each other. Political studies is also an aspect of environmental studies because the politics of a country can manage or disrupt a particular environment.
Environmental studies focus on how human beings interpret the environment and they are influencing the environment.
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Dust from agricultural processes
and construction constitutes
WHAT type of air pollution?
A. Suspended Particulate Matter
B. Ozone
C. Nitrogen Oxides
D. Carbon
Answer:
A. Suspended Particulate Matter
which list contains an item that does not belong with the others? please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices sympathetic nervous system, increases heart rate, slows digestion parasympathetic nervous system, increases respiration, stimulates digestion sympathetic nervous system, dilates pupils, relaxes bladder parasympathetic nervous system, contracts pupils, stimulates blood flow to the genitals
Answer: parasympathetic nervous system increase respiration stimulates digestion
Explanation:
i took one for the team
Parasympathetic nervous system, increase respiration and stimulates digestion sympathetic nervous system are the list contains an item that does not belong with the other.
What is parasympathetic nervous system?It very well may be called your "programmed" sensory system, as it's answerable for some capabilities that you don't need to contemplate to control. This can incorporate control of your pulse, circulatory strain, absorption, pee and perspiring, among different capabilities.
The parasympathetic piece of your autonomic sensory system adjusts your thoughtful sensory system. While your thoughtful sensory system controls your body's "survival" reaction, your parasympathetic sensory system assists with controlling your body's reaction during seasons of rest.
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a critical event in the death of a cell is caused by group of answer choices disruption of the plasma membrane s permeability barrier an increase in cellular protein content an accumulation of lipofuscin chronic nutrient insufficiency
A critical event in the death of a cell is caused by disruption of the plasma membrane's permeability barrier. The correct option is A.
What is plasma membrane?The plasma membrane, also renowned as the cell membrane, is the membrane found in all cells that differentiates the cell's interior from its surroundings.
Necrosis causes cellular death by disrupting the plasma membrane barrier. The primary cause of hypertrophy is an increase in cellular protein content.
Lipofuscin can accumulate as a result of atrophy. Atrophy occurs when cells shrink and lose their differentiated functions as a result of a variety of normal and harmful factors, such as nutrient deficiency.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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if a dna strand has the organic base sequence t, t, a, g, c, a, the corresponding base sequence of a messenger rna molecule would be
If a dna strand has the organic base sequence t, t, a, g, c, a, the corresponding base sequence of a messenger rna molecule would be A, A, U, G, C, U.
What does RNA stands for ?Ribonucleic acid, sometimes known as RNA, is a nucleic acid that is present in all living cells and has characteristics similar to those of DNA. But unlike DNA, RNA is typically single-stranded. As opposed to DNA's deoxyribose backbone, an RNA molecule's backbone is built up of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose.
A polymeric molecule called ribonucleic acid is crucial for a number of biological processes, including the coding, decoding, control, and expression of genes. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a type of nucleic acid, as is RNA.
Types of RNA :There are three types of RNA
mRNA - messenger RNA
rRNA - ribosomal RNA
tRNA - transfer RNA
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In a cell, the selective permeability of the cell
membrane is most closely associated with the
maintenance of
A. homeostasis
C. phagocytosis
B. hydrolysis
D. pinocytosis
In a cell, the selective permeability of the cell membrane is most closely associated with the maintenance of homeostasis.
What is the selective permeability of cells?
The selective porousness of the cell membrane is its ability to distinguish between different types of molecules, allowing some to pass while restricting others. The natural membrane diffusion rates of some chemicals have some bearing on this selectivity.
Describe homeostasis.
Physiological state is the propensity of a biological system to maintain stability while responding to environmental factors that are ideal for survival. Life continues if the physiological state is attained; if not, tragedy or death occurs. The stability attained can be a dynamic equilibrium, in which the majority of the conditions are uniform yet change is constant.
Thus, to keep up the stable conditions of the cell atmosphere the selective porousness of the cell is maintained so solely an exact quantity of drugs will go within the cell so stable conditions of the cell square measure maintained.
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When your muscles contract to move your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the law of conservation of energy, from where does this energy come?.
When your muscles contract to move your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the law of conservation of energy, this energy comes from chemical energy
In order words, the energy which comes from movement of body parts due to contraction of muscles during walking or even jumping is chemical energy
What is energy?Energy can simply be defined as the capacity of doing work. However, there are different forms of energy; among which include the following
Potential energyKinetic energyMechanical energySolar energyChemical energySo therefore, when your muscles contract to move your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the law of conservation of energy, this energy comes from chemical energy
Complete question:
When your muscles contract to move
your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the Law of Conservation of Energy, from where does this energy come?
New energy is created by our cells whenever we need it.
heat
a. mechanical energy stored in ATP
b. chemical energy
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