Many soil-dwelling bacteria produce molecules that can be naturally synthesized and kill other species of bacteria. These bacteria-killing molecules are called antibiotics
Antibiotics are chemicals used to treat infections caused by bacteria that kill or stop bacteria from growing. Soil fungi and bacteria naturally produce them. Because the antibiotic destroys their competition, the microbe gains the upper hand when competing for food, water, and other scarce resources in a specific habitat.
Antibiotics exploit the structural difference between the host cell and bacterial cell. They can prevent bacterial cells from multiplying, allowing the host's protective mechanism to fight the illness or kill the bacteria by, for example, blocking the process that creates their cell walls.
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what are the three most common abnormal spinal curvatures named and what characterizes each curvature?
Exaggeration of the lumbar curve is termed lordosis
Accentuation of the thoracic curve is called kyphosis;
and Any lateral deviation of the spine is known as scoliosis.
Lordosis
An excessively inward curvature of the spine is known as lordosis as a spinal ailment. The cervical spine can also develop it, albeit it more frequently impacts the lumbar spine.
When a person's lordotic range is outside of the usual range, which is regarded as being between 40 and 60 degrees, difficulties might result.
Kyphosis
As a spinal disorder, kyphosis is characterized by an accentuated outward curve of the spine, which can result in a rounded front posture.
Kyphosis is usually between 20 to 45 degrees; however, when a structural defect results in a kyphotic curve that is greater than this normal range, the curvature becomes aberrant and troublesome.
Scoliosis
A spine that is abnormally laterally curled, rotates, and has a minimum Cobb angle measurement of 10 degrees is said to have scoliosis. A structural spinal disorder that progresses is scoliosis.
When I evaluate a patient's Cobb angle, I am able to determine how misaligned their spine is and classify the issue as mild (Cobb angle measurement of between 10 and 25 degrees), moderate (Cobb angle measurement of between 25 and 40 degrees), severe (Cobb angle measurement of 40+ degrees), or very severe (Cobb angle measurement of 80+ degrees).
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select all that apply select the functions of carbohydrates. multiple select question. storage molecules for hereditary information structural components of organisms immediate energy source. catalysts in chemical reactions
The functions of carbohydrates are: immediate energy source.
What are carbohydrates?Carbohydrates have diverse functions, among them being an energy reserve for the cell, either for immediate use or for future use. Glucose is a monosaccharide used by the cell as a source of immediate energy since it is a simple molecule that can be catalyzed generating ATP for cellular functions that require energy, this is done through glycolysis.
Carbohydrates can be found in most foods that we eat during the day, thanks to this we can maintain prudent levels of glucose in the blood, which is vital for the proper functioning of the body.
Therefore, we can confirm that the functions of carbohydrates are: immediate energy source.
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the autonomic nervous system is involved in controlling what effectors? exocrine glands skeletal muscles cardiac muscle smooth muscle endocrine glands
The autonomic nervous system is involved in controlling skeletal muscles.
What is autonomic nervous system?
The peripheral nervous system's autonomic nervous system controls physiological functions that are carried out automatically, such as digestion, blood pressure, respiration, and sexual desire. There are three physically separate divisions in it: enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic.
The action of adrenaline via 2 ARs is the primary mechanism by which the autonomic nervous system influences several significant activities of the skeletal muscle fiber, but other ARs may also be involved in the modulation of neuromuscular transmission and in procedures involving glucose absorption.
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an adopted child has type o blood. she discovers that her biological father has type b blood. this means that her biological mother cannot have blood type: chegg
An adopted child has type O blood. she discovers that her biological father has type B blood. this means that her biological mother cannot have blood type AB.
What is ABO system?According to the ABO system, there are 4 primary blood types:
Blood group A has A antigens on the red blood cells and has anti-B antibodies in the plasma. Blood group B has B antigens and has both anti-A antibodies in the plasma. Blood type O has no antigens but has both anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies.Blood type AB has both A and B antigens and no antibodies.The most typical blood group is called O. Blood group O makes approximately 48% of the population in the UK.
Receiving blood from the incorrect ABO group can be fatal. For instance, if a group B blood recipient receives group A blood, the recipient's anti-A antibodies will assault the group A cells.
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ecological validity of walking capacity tests following rehabilitation in people with multiple sclerosis
A potentially crippling condition of the brain and spinal cord is multiple sclerosis (MS) (central nervous system).
What does the study indicates?Walking ability tests are frequently used to assess therapies intended to lessen walking impairment in multiple sclerosis patients (pwMS). Their ecological validity has, however, recently come under scrutiny. After 28 days of multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation (MIR) in people with MS, the current study sought to determine the ecological validity of the 2- and 6-minute walking tests (2MWT and 6MWT) and the timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) using accelerometry. A pre-existing walking disability is a key factor in the ecological validity of changes in walking capacity tests after MIR.Learn more about the multiple sclerosis with the help of the given link:
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You are searching for a mutant cell that is defective in protein glycosylation. You would most likely find such a mutant by looking for cells with defective ___________.
You are searching for a mutant cell that is defective in protein glycosylation. You would most likely find such a mutant by looking for cells with defective Golgi apparatus.
The Golgi apparatus can be described as an organelle present in the eukaryotic cells which function in the processing of proteins. The Golgi apparatus is involved in various post-translational functions such as packaging, transporting as well as modification of proteins. Without these post-translational modifications, a protein will not be able to move out of a cell.
Protein glycosylation is a type of post-translational modification that occurs in the Golgi apparatus. Hence, if there is a mutation that causes an error in protein glycosylation, then we know that the Golgi apparatus are the organelles that have been affected as a result of this mutation.
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50 POINTS!
The image below represents which form of cellular transport?
A. Simple Diffusion
B. Facilitated Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Active Transport
Answer: D- active transport
active transport is movement of particles from an area of low concentration to high concentration through a membrane, using energy in the form of ATP.
In the image we can clearly see that particles move from the right to the left. The right has less particles and the left has more. ATP is used too.
hope it helps.
This is an example of active transport, as ATP or energy is used for the transfer of the molecule across the membrane. Hence, option D is the correct answer.
What is active transport?
Polar molecules can't directly pass through the nonpolar cell membrane. Small polar molecules can pass through the membrane by channels. Larger polar molecules like glucose and amino acids can't pass through the membrane. Hence, they are taken to cells by using ATP (energy). When ATP is used for transportation, it is called "active transport."
In the case of passive transport, ATP is not used. Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion are some examples of passive transport. In the given diagram, the molecule is passed from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. Energy is used here for the transfer process. This is an active transport.
Other options are wrong. Water passes through the membrane by osmosis. Molecules move from higher to lower concentrations in simple diffusion, and in facilitated diffusion, a carrier is involved. None of the processes requires ATP.
Hence, the correct answer is active transport. Option D is the correct answer.
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What is a phospholipid molecule made of?
The type of point mutation that results in a premature stop codon is called a _________ mutation.
The type of point mutation that results in a premature stop codon is called a nonsense mutation.
A nonsense mutation takes place in DNA while a chain trade offers rise to a stop codon instead of a codon specifying an amino acid. The presence of the brand new stop codon effects inside the manufacturing of a shortened protein this is in all likelihood non-functional.
A mutation is an alteration within the nucleic acid series of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA. A mutation is a change inside the DNA collection of an organism. Mutations can end result from mistakes in DNA replication at some point in the cellular department, publicity to mutagens, or viral contamination.
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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.
a. nonsense
b. missense
c. inversion
d. deletion
e. silent
Organelles are important to cells for many reasons. Choose which answer below is NOT a reason organelles are important to cells. Helps the cell communicate with other cells. Helps the cell reproduce. Make cells grow faster. Provide the materials a cell needs to function.
Answer:
Organelles provide the materials a cell needs to function.
OrganelleAn organelle is like an organ for a cell, it helps the cell function. Each organelle has a specific function to help the cell stay alive. Maybe cells weren't as different from us as we thought!
Hope it helps.
cutting edge: transcription factor bcl6 is required for the generation, but not maintenance, of memory cd8 t cells in acute viral infection
The correct answer is BCL6 is not required for the maintenance of memory CD8+ T cells, but it is an important upstream regulator of TCF-1 in the generation of memory precursors during acute viral infection.
Memory CD8+ T cell differentiation is critical for long-term cellular immunity. The transcription factor BCL6 has been reported to be important for the generation and maintenance of memory CD8+ T cells; however, using a newly developed BCL6 conditional knockout mouse model, we show that BCL6 is not required for the maintenance of established memory CD8+ T cell pools, but it is required for the generation of CD8+ memory precursors during acute viral infection. Furthermore, BCL6 promotes TCF-1 expression in CD8+ memory precursors by directly binding to the Tcf7 (gene symbol for TCF-1) allele, and forced expression of TCF-1 restores the generation of BCL6-deficient memory precursors.
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long noncoding rna snhg5 induces the nf-κb pathway by regulating mir-181c-5p/cbx4 axis to promote the progression of non-small cell lung cancer
long noncoding RNA SNHG5 induces the NF-KB pathway by regulating mir-181c-5p/cbx4 axis to promote the progression of non-small cell lung cancer because Low miR-181c-5p and high SNHG5 and CBX4 levels were found in NSCLC cells or tissues.
The Restoration of miR-181c-5p and RNA SNHG5 restrained the progression of NSCLC cells or tissues and inactivated the NF-KB pathway.
Therefore, RNA SNHG5 regulated the interaction between miR-181c-5p and CBX4, gradually there is termination of SNHG5 which hold back the non-small cell lung cancer or tumor growth.
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which is an example of potential energy? multiple choice an apple of stored energy-rich macromolecules a firefly using light flashes to attract a mate a skier at the bottom of the hill instead of the top of the hill a pile of leaves that have been burned a candle giving off light
The correct option is (A) An apple of stored energy-rich macromolecules.
An apple of stored energy-rich macromolecules is an example of potential energy.
What is Potential energy?Potential energy is the energy held by a structure and placement of matter in space. Raising a kettlebell, for example, alters its spatial location and boosts its potential energy. Similar to a stretched rubber band, which has potential energy that can be changed into kinetic energy under specific circumstances. The potential energy is present in an apple hanging from a tree because of its elevated location. The fruit is falling because it has kinetic energy. As a result, when the apple starts falling, the potential energy that was previously held in it at its raised position is converted into kinetic energy.
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A streak plate may be used to identify which mineral property? (1 point)
O color
O luster
O cleavage
O tenacity
A streak plate is used to identify the color of minerals.
Streak plate is a piece of porcelain upon which the mineral is scraped. This is done to test for the opacity of color of the minerals. Hence streak of the minerals are indicators of their color. The porcelain used is in its raw form, without any glaze covered on its surface.
Minerals are the inorganic substances present in the environment, formed due to natural geological processes. Minerals can occur in their native form or may be present in the form of oxides, sulfides, nitrates, etc. The area where these minerals are found is called an ore.
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Answer:
1. color
2. Minerals are components that make up rocks.
Minerals are naturally occurring substances.
Minerals are made of one element or one compound of elements.
3. Luster
The diagram below shows a chloroplast and the reactants that are used in photosynthesis.
How does the chloroplast interact with other structures in the cell to produce energy?
Question 13 options:
The cell wall transports CO2 and O2 into the cell, and then the mitochondria converts these into glucose that the chloroplast uses to make ATP.
The ribosomes produce proteins that are taken to the chloroplast and these proteins are assembled into glucose that the cell membrane will transport out to other cells.
The nucleus transmits instructions to the chloroplast to produce glucose, and the vacuole brings the reactants to the chloroplast.
The cell membrane transports CO2 and H2O into the cell, and then the mitochondria converts the glucose produced into ATP for the cell.
The nucleus transmits instructions to the chloroplast to produce glucose, and the vacuole brings the reactants to the chloroplast.
How does the chloroplast interact with other structures in the cell to produce energy?Chloroplasts are the cell organelles which are present in plant cell. It has the ability to convert light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts also provide various metabolic activities for plant cells such as the production of fatty acids and membrane lipids. Photosynthesis occurs in a specialized organelle which is called the chloroplast. Chloroplasts produce molecules which can be turn into energy. The immediate products of photosynthesis are NADPH and ATP which are used by the photosynthetic cells in order to produce many organic molecules.
So we can conclude that the nucleus transmits instructions to the chloroplast to produce glucose, and the vacuole brings the reactants to the chloroplast.
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Scientists study apple trees. In the fruit color gene, G leads to green apples and is dominant over red (g). S leads to sweet apples and is dominant over sour (s). They find the alleles for the two genes are arranged as shown on the same chromosome. Which of the following situations will they observe?
A. The two traits will likely be inherited together.
B. One gene will cancel out the effect of the other.
C. Both genes will have an effect on the other trait.
D. The environment will determine the traits of the apple, not the two genes.
Answer:
A. The two traits will likely be inherited together.
Explanation:
why are all parts of a system equally important?
Answer:
They are equally important because of you lost one part of your system, its counterpart may become weaker if they were related, making that part less important. No part of your system is more important than the other, they should be measured equally, because every part contributes to us as humans.
Hope this helps.
Identify the body planes and cavities in these diagrams.
The body planes and cavities in the given diagrams is listed below:-
11. Sagittal plane
12. Coronal plane
13. Transverse plane
14. Dorsal body cavity
15. Pleural cavity
16. Abdominal cavity
17. Pelvic cavity
18. Ventral body cavity (both thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities)
The human body can be divided anatomically into three body planes, i.e. Sagittal plane, Coronal plane and Transverse plane. Sagittal plane is a vertical line dividing the body into a left section and a right section while the Coronal plane vertically divides the body into an anterior or front and posterior or back section. The Transverse plane horizontally divides the body into an upper and a lower section.
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nicotine in smoke has two forms; the blank form is more easily absorbed through the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and lungs
Nicotine in smoke has two forms; the electrically neutral form is more easily absorbed through the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and lungs.
Where is nicotine absorbed the most?Nicotine is absorbed through mouth mucous membranes and reaches peak blood and brain levels more slowly in people who do not inhale the smoke, such as cigar, pipe, and smokeless tobacco users. By "riding" in with the tar that is inhaled from a lit cigarette, nicotine enters the body. About 8 seconds after inhaling the smoke, the nicotine/tar mixture enters the lungs, where it is swiftly absorbed. It can move to the brain once it reaches the bloodstream.Learn more about the Nicotine with the help of the given link:
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what is the best conclusion based on this data? the hypothesis was not supported because the data indicated that fertilizing plants does not improve plant growth. the hypothesis was supported; to get the best growth, use 5 milliliters of fertilizer per plant. the hypothesis was not supported; the data indicated that too much fertilizer can inhibit plant growth. the hypothesis was supported; to get the best growth, use 15 milliliters of fertilizer per plant.
The answer to the above question is The hypothesis was not supported: the data indicated that too much fertilizer can inhibit plant growth.
What is fertilizer?To provide plant nutrients, soil or plant tissues may be treated with any substance, whether it is of natural or synthetic origin called fertilizer. Liming agents and other non-nutrient soil amendments may not be the same as fertilizers. There are numerous natural and artificial fertilizer sources. Fertilization for the majority of contemporary agricultural practices concentrates on the three macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), with sporadic additions of supplements like rock dust for micronutrients. Farmers use a variety of methods to apply these fertilizers, including hand tools, large agricultural machinery, or pelletized or liquid application processes.
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All of these statements about Emperor
Justinian are true EXCEPT for which
one?
A. He ordered extensions to the walls of Constantinople.
B. He invaded and sacked the city of Rome.
C. He erected public facilities like schools and
aqueducts.
D. He ordered the construction of a great cathedral.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Make a claim and support how Greek mythology is alive in society, identifying at least one (1) piece of textual evidence from the text to support your claim. 5 sentences 1 paragraph
References to Greek Mythology can nonetheless be determined in our discussions about science, arts, literature, language, names, and types. Thinkers from historic Greece additionally laid the foundations for many regions of having a look at together with astrology, arithmetic, biology, engineering, medication, or linguistics.
There are numerous greek effects on our culture today. however, these impacts are not very well known in our contemporary society. The Greek way of life affects our ordinary way of life. They created democracy, the alphabet, libraries, the Olympics, math, technological know-how, structure, and even lighthouses.
Greek mythology was used as a way to provide an explanation for the surroundings in which humankind lived, the natural phenomena they witnessed, and the passing of time via the days, months, and seasons.
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A suspension of yeast supplied with glucose as its source of energy was transferred from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one. Which result would you predict for the rate of glucose utilization and the rate of ethanol production after the transfer? assume that the yeast must expend the same amount of energy to survive in both environments.
After the transfer from aerobic to anaerobic environment the rate of ethanol production will increase and the rate of glucose utilization would decrease.
Why the rate of ethanol production increases and glucose is broken down?
See when the yeast was pacing in aerobic environment that is in the presence of oxygen it does not grow with fast speed.When yeast is transferred to anaerobic environment it grows rapidly.In anaerobic environment yeast breaks down glucose.By breaking down glucose releases ethanol and an appreciable amount of CO2.That's why yeast grows rapidly in anaerobic environment comparatively.Yeast with expending same amount of energy survive in anaerobic condition.To know more about yeast visit:
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in order to understand how human behavior differs from the behavior of the animals most similar to humans, some biological anthropologists in the subfield of study animals such as apes, monkeys, and lemurs in their natural rain forest habitats.
The correct answer is primatology which is used to understand how human behaviour differs from the behaviour of the animals most similar to humans.
Primatology is the study of nonhuman primates' behaviour, biology, evolution, and taxonomy. The common interest in study subjects unites primatologists, but not necessarily uniformity in academic training. The scientific study of primates is known as primatology. Because we recognise the powerful influence of selective pressures operating over long periods of time on our human lineage, primatology is a research specialisation within the Department of Anthropology. Primatologists conduct field studies and experiments on both living and extinct primates in their natural habitats and in laboratories to better understand aspects of their evolution and behaviour.
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The complete question is:
In order to understand how human behavior differs from the behavior of the animals most similar to humans, some biological anthropologists in the subfield of ______ study animals such as apes, monkeys, and lemurs in their natural habitats.
what is the final concentration of HCl?
Answer:
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is supplied commercially at concentrations mainly within the range 28–36% w/w.
Explanation:
Sana nakatulong:)
homologous chromosomes are separated. homologous chromosome are paired. nuclear envelopes form around separated chromosomes. the centrosome replicates.
A reduction division known as meiosis 1 occurs during which diploid cells divide to produce haploid daughter cells. The chromosomes are separated in this process Phases of meiosis 1 include:
Synaptonemal complexes are formed by the pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I, the first phase of meiosis 1.
Chromosomes are oriented at the equator during the second stage of meiosis 1, known as metaphase 1, and centrosomes replicate to create spindle fibres.
The third phase of meiosis 1 is called anaphase 1. It is distinguished by the division of homologous chromosomes via spindle fibres to the opposite poles.
The split chromosomes are contained in the nuclei during the final stage of meiosis 1, during which nuclear envelopes are produced around the chromosomes.
complete question,
Identify the phases of meiosis I described below.
Homologous chromosomes are separated.
Homologous chromosome are paired.
Nuclear envelopes form around separated chromosomes.
The centrosome replicates.
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mutton, t. (2020). teacher education and covid-19: responses and opportunities for new pedagogical initiatives. journal of education for teaching, 46(4), 439-441.
The discussion of mutton, t. (2020). teacher education and covid-19: responses and opportunities for new pedagogical initiatives. journal of education for teaching, 46(4), 439-441 is given in below paragraph-
The editorial for the first issue of the current volume of JET was titled "The challenges for teacher education in the 21st century; urgency, complexity, and timeliness" (la Velle 2020, 1). However, when that issue was published early in 2020, there was little indication of the immense challenges that remained to be faced in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The collection of papers in this present special issue amply indicates how difficult it has been for teacher educators to deal with the numerous issues brought on by the disruption to pre-service teachers' professional development worldwide during the past few months.
In some cases, the spotlight has been on the way in which existing challenges have been exacerbated and in others the emphasis has been on new challenges thrown up by the pandemic situation. What is fascinating in this collection of papers, however, is the way in which so many teacher educators internationally have seen the current crisis as an opportunity to consider new ways of working, to adopt innovative approaches to pedagogy and to re-conceptualise the nature of their teacher education programmes.
What is covid-19?Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious illness brought on by the coronavirus 2 that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). In December 2019, Wuhan, China, reported the discovery of the first case. The COVID-19 pandemic was caused by the disease's rapid global spread.
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Cell communication requires that a chemical messenger and its appropriate receptor bind to initiate a signaling cascade. Describe the biogenesis of both the messenger and the receptor.
The biogenesis of messengers allows them to be encoded by genes and formed by macromolecules. In contrast, the biogenesis of receptors is encoded by the cells they target.
What is biogenesis?It is the production of living beings.It is the composition of living beings from another living being.Cells are living organisms, for this reason, we can say that the formation of cellular messengers and receptors should be called biogenesis.
The production, encoding, and regulation of messenger and receptor cells are carried out by the molecules they synthesize or are formed from. Therefore, we can say that in both cases, genes are primarily responsible for encoding these molecules at the time of biogenesis.
Furthermore, messengers are formed by hydrolysis of macromolecules, while receptors are formed from the needs of target cells.
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social brain energetics: ergonomic efficiency, neurometabolic scaling, and metabolic polyphenism in ants
The energy cost of behavior is measured by metabolism, which has a big impact on social evolution.
How body size and metabolic scaling are linked?Body size and metabolic scaling are linked, and an increase in body size socioecological pattern is linked to nutritional changes and the emergence of larger and more complex societies. These effects of animal society adaptive radiation raise concerns about energy costs, a significant percentage of which may be related to the metabolic rates of the brain regions that process social information. Although brain size scales with body size, nothing is known about how the brain's metabolism scales. Social insects like ants have a wide range of worker body size and morphology that correlates with brain size, structure, and task performance, which is reliant on sensory inputs and the capacity to process information to produce behavior.Learn more about the metabolic scaling with the help of the given link:
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explain your reasoning and why the evidence supports your claim. connect the data back to what you learned about the impact of mountain pine beetles on lodgepole pine trees.
Several mountain pine beetle epidemics have happened in lodgepole pine forests for thousands of years. This is the impact of social mountain pine beetles on lodge pine trees.
What is the effect of pine beetle epidemics?At periodic intervals, epidemics lasting 5 to 20 years strike broad areas and frequently destroy more than 80% of the trees larger than 10 cm (about 4 inches) in diameter.
There is a significant range in the mortality of pure lodgepole pine woods. Lodgepole pine seedlings and saplings have been liberated from intense stand competition in some woods that appear to have been utterly decimated.
There is no one, obvious reason why a population might grow to epidemic proportions. In the case of lodgepole pine, details are available on the ecology of the mountain pine beetle population. However, there is no data available about the changeover to the epidemic population.
Therefore, several mountain pine beetle epidemics have happened in lodgepole pine forests for thousands of years.
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