m.e. carter launched carter company, a professional services firm on march 1. the firm will prepare financial statements at each month-end. in march (its first month), carter executed the following transactions. enter the transactions, a through g, into the financial statement effects template below. a. carter (owner) invested in the company $100,000 cash and $20,000 in property and equipment. the company issued common stock to carter. b. the company paid $3,200 cash for rent of office furnishings and facilities for march. c. the company performed services for clients and immediately received $4,000 cash for these services. d. the company performed services for clients and sent a bill for $24,000 with payment due within 60 days. e. the company compensated an office employee with $4,800 cash as salary for march. f. the company recieved $10,000 cash as partial payment on the amount owed from clients in transaction d. g. the company paid $935 cash in dividends to carter (owner). use negative signs with answers, if appropriate.

The expected stock price of UPS on this date is approximately is $44.95.

On a particular date, FedEx has a stock price of $81.56 and an EPS of $7.28. Its competitor, UPS, had an EPS of $4.01.

1. Calculate the Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio for FedEx:

P/E ratio (FedEx) = Stock price (FedEx) / EPS (FedEx)

P/E ratio (FedEx) = $81.56 / $7.28 ≈ 11.21

2. Use the P/E ratio of FedEx and the EPS of UPS to estimate the expected stock price for UPS:

Expected stock price (UPS) = P/E ratio (FedEx) × EPS (UPS)

Expected stock price (UPS) = 11.21 × $4.01 ≈ $44.95

So, the expected price of UPS stock on this date, if estimated using the method of comparables, would be approximately $44.95.

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When a firm is a price searcher, its marginal revenue is less than price when the firm is maximizing profits. The correct option is c.

A price searcher refers to an organization that can control the price at which it sells its product. As compared to perfect competition, the price searcher faces a downward-sloping demand curve. A company that can decide its product's price is called a price searcher.

Marginal revenue is a fundamental calculation in economics that refers to the additional income gained from selling one additional unit of a product or service. The marginal revenue gained from selling a single unit of a product is what distinguishes it from regular revenue.

Marginal revenue is the additional income generated by increasing production by a single unit.

When a firm is a price searcher, its marginal revenue is less than the price when the firm is maximizing profits. As a result, they should keep lowering the price to keep attracting new customers because they have some market control.

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The given statement "an implied warranty of merchantability arises in every sale or lease of goods by a non-merchant" is false because they do not araise in every sale or lease of goods by a non-merchant.

An implied warranty of merchantability is a legal term used in the United States to describe the expectation that goods being sold or leased are fit for their intended purpose, of a quality that would be expected from a merchant in that industry, and free from any defects that would make the goods unusable.

While this warranty is implied in every sale or lease of goods made by a merchant, it does not automatically arise in every sale or lease of goods made by a non-merchant. A non-merchant is an individual or entity that is not regularly engaged in the sale or lease of goods and does not hold themselves out as an expert in the field.

In such cases, the buyer assumes the risk associated with the quality of the goods, and any warranties would need to be explicitly stated in the contract. Therefore, an implied warranty of merchantability does not arise in every sale or lease of goods by a non-merchant.

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An increase in productivity can cause the aggregate supply curve to shift to the left, leading to inflationary pressures in the economy. The statement is false.

An increase in productivity typically causes the aggregate supply curve to shift to the right, as firms are able to produce more output at lower costs. This leads to lower prices and higher output in the economy, which is generally seen as a positive development.

However, if there are other factors at play that are causing inflationary pressures in the economy, such as high demand or supply shocks, then the aggregate supply curve may shift to the left, leading to higher prices and reduced output.

Therefore, while an increase in productivity can have an impact on the aggregate supply curve, it does not necessarily lead to inflationary pressures. The relationship between productivity and inflation is complex and depends on a variety of factors in the economy.

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Economic rents are returns that exceed the opportunity cost of capital.

Economic rents are returns that exceed the opportunity cost of capital. Economic rent refers to a profit or return earned over and above the opportunity cost of capital.

Economic rent is the difference between the actual payment made to a factor of production and the minimum payment required to keep that factor in its current use.Opportunity cost is the cost of using a resource in a particular way.

The opportunity cost of capital is the return that could have been earned by using the same capital in its next-best alternative use. Economic rent represents a payment over and above the opportunity cost of capital.

Therefore, the correct option is: Exceed the opportunity cost of capital.

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The net income under variable costing for Belle Company is $190,000.

To compute the net income under variable costing, we need to first calculate the variable cost per unit, which includes direct materials, direct labor, and variable overhead

Variable cost per unit = Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable overhead

Variable cost per unit = $15 + $17 + $3

Variable cost per unit = $35

Then, we can calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS) using the variable costing method.

COGS = Beginning inventory + Units produced - Ending inventory

COGS = 0 + 35,000 - (14,000)

COGS = 21,000 units x $35 per unit

COGS = $735,000

Next, we can calculate the variable selling and administrative expenses.

Variable selling and administrative expenses = Units sold x Variable selling and administrative expense per unit

Variable selling and administrative expenses = 21,000 units x $2 per unit

Variable selling and administrative expenses = $42,000

Now, we can calculate the contribution margin, which is the difference between the sales revenue and the variable costs.

Contribution margin = Sales revenue - COGS - Variable selling and administrative expenses

Contribution margin = 21,000 units x $62 per unit - $735,000 - $42,000

Contribution margin = $1,302,000 - $777,000

Contribution margin = $525,000

Finally, we can calculate the net income using the variable costing method.

Net income = Contribution margin - Fixed overhead - Fixed selling and administrative expenses

Net income = $525,000 - $105,000 - $230,000

Net income = $190,000

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Paramita's firm provides tuition assistance to its employees for approved courses that either help them in their jobs or toward a degree. This is an example of an employee benefit that helps employees improve their knowledge and skills, which in turn benefits the employer by increasing productivity and efficiency.

A degree is a formal qualification that a person can earn after completing a prescribed course of study at a college or university. There are different types of degrees, such as associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees, each with their own requirements and duration of study.

Having a degree can be a significant advantage in today's job market. It demonstrates to employers that an individual has acquired a certain level of knowledge and skills in a particular field, which can make them more attractive to employers.

Furthermore, many employers require a degree as a prerequisite for certain positions, particularly in fields such as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).

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One way to bring back a user who abandoned their shopping cart is to send them a personalized email reminding them of the items left in their cart and offering an incentive or discount to complete the purchase

One way to bring back a user who abandoned their shopping cart is to send them a personalized email reminding them of the items left in their cart and offering an incentive or discount to complete the purchase. You can also include links to related or complementary products, customer reviews, and any shipping or return policies that may help alleviate any concerns they may have had.

Another option is to use retargeting ads on social media or search engines to show the user ads featuring the products they left in their cart, which can serve as a reminder and encourage them to complete the purchase.

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The following institutions issue bonds that are traded in the bond market:

The correct option is A, B and C.

A bond is a type of loan that is given to an entity, typically a corporation or government, by an investor. This is a type of fixed-income security that provides investors with a fixed return for a specified period of time. A bond is a loan that an investor gives to an entity.

A bond is similar to a loan because the issuer is the borrower and the investor is the lender. A bond is similar to a loan in that the issuer is the borrower and the investor is the lender

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More information is needed to calculate the taxpayer's AGI, as we only have rental income from a building.

To decide the citizen's changed gross pay (AGI) for the year, we want to think about all types of revenue, derivations, and changes. In view of the data gave, we just have rental pay from a structure leased to an outsider. Subsequently, we really want more data to decide the citizen's AGI.

Assuming that the rental pay is the main type of revenue, it will be accounted for on Time E of Structure 1040. The citizen can deduct costs connected with the investment property, for example, contract revenue, local charges, and fixes, to show up at the net rental pay. The net rental pay will be remembered for the citizen's complete pay for the year, which will decide their AGI.

Nonetheless, on the off chance that the citizen has different kinds of revenue, for example, wages or independent work pay, those sums will likewise be remembered for the estimation of the AGI. Also, the citizen might be qualified for derivations and acclimations to show up at the last AGI.

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Aubrey's right to come onto the property and take apples to sell is known as a license.

A license is a legal permission or authorization granted by the owner of a property to another party to use or access the property for a specific purpose, in this case, to take apples from the orchard for selling. It is typically a revocable privilege that is subject to certain terms and conditions, and does not transfer ownership or any other legal rights to the licensee. it is an easement by permission, which is a type of easement that is granted by the property owner and can be revoked at any time.

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The feature of insurance contracts described in this scenario is "aleatory." So, correct option is C.

An aleatory contract is a type of contract where the exchange of value between the parties is dependent on an uncertain event. In this case, the insured paid a premium in exchange for the possibility of a future payout, which ultimately occurred when the insured passed away.

The payout of the policy was much greater than the premium paid, and it was dependent on the uncertain event of the insured's death.

Aleatory contracts are common in insurance because they provide a way for individuals to transfer the risk of an uncertain event, such as death or a car accident, to an insurance company.

The premium paid is typically much smaller than the potential payout, making it an attractive option for individuals who want to protect themselves against a potentially catastrophic event.

In contrast, a unilateral contract is a one-sided agreement where only one party is bound to perform. An indemnity contract is one where the insurer agrees to compensate the insured for losses or damages suffered.

A conditional contract is one where the obligations of the parties are dependent on certain conditions being met.

Therefore, correct option is C.

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The saying low prices cure low prices and high prices cure high prices means that when prices are low, they stimulate demand and create competition among producers. This, in turn, leads to higher prices.

The phrase "low prices cure low prices" means that low prices can help solve low prices. In other words, when prices are low, they stimulate demand and create competition among producers. This, in turn, leads to higher prices. The phrase "high prices cure high prices" means that high prices can help solve high prices. When prices are high, consumers demand fewer goods and services, and producers reduce the supply of goods and services. This leads to lower prices.

In other words, high prices can lead to a reduction in demand and supply, which can lead to lower prices. The saying, "low prices cure low prices and high prices cure high prices," is also known as Say's Law. It suggests that the economy works best when prices are allowed to fluctuate freely. When prices are too high, producers will cut prices to attract consumers, and when prices are too low, producers will increase prices to maintain their profit margins. Therefore, the saying means that prices should be allowed to fluctuate naturally without any interference from governments or other outside forces.

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The difference in operating income between the two production plans would be $121,000 if the sales price per unit remains constant.

Operating Income = Sales - (Variable Costs + Fixed Costs)

Using the given information, we can calculate the operating income for a production plan of 5,200 units:

Operating Income = (5,200 units x Sales price per unit) - [(5,200 units x $70 per unit) + $134,680]

Operating Income = (5,200 x Sales price per unit) - $470,680

To calculate the operating income for a production plan of 6,500 units, we need to determine the total manufacturing costs for that production level:

Total Manufacturing Costs = (Variable Costs per unit x Number of units) + Fixed Costs

Total Manufacturing Costs = ($70 x 6,500) + $134,680

Total Manufacturing Costs = $609,680

Then, we can calculate the operating income for the production plan of 6,500 units:

Operating Income = (6,500 units x Sales price per unit) - $609,680

Operating Income = (6,500 x Sales price per unit) - $609,680

The difference in operating income between the two production plans can be calculated as follows:

The difference in Operating Income = Operating Income (6,500 units) - Operating Income (5,200 units)

Difference in Operating Income = [(6,500 x Sales price per unit) - $609,680] - [(5,200 x Sales price per unit) - $470,680]

The difference in operating income between the two production plans will depend on the sales price per unit. If the sales price per unit remains constant, the difference in operating income can be calculated as follows:

The difference in Operating Income = (6,500 - 5,200) x Sales price per unit - ($609,680 - $470,680)

The difference in Operating Income = 1,300 x Sales price per unit - $139,000

For example, if the sales price per unit is $200, the difference in operating income would be:

Difference in Operating Income = (1,300 x $200) - $139,000

Difference in Operating Income = $260,000 - $139,000

Difference in Operating Income = $121,000

It's important to note that absorption costing can lead to differences in operating income between production plans due to changes in fixed overhead costs allocated to each unit of production.

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The small business is described as a company with a small number of employees and a low level of revenue. It is not possible for large companies to operate in the same way as small businesses. Therefore option A is correct.

It is a general term that can refer to a wide range of companies that are privately owned, non-profit, or sole proprietorships. The most important thing is that they are small in size. There is no universally accepted definition of a small business, but most people believe that a company with fewer than 500 workers qualifies as one.The hardware store franchise with 20 employees is the best fit for the definition of a small business.

A hardware store franchise with 20 employees is an excellent example of a small business. The company has a small number of workers, which is a defining characteristic of a small business. In addition, it is not too complicated, and it may be operated by a single person or a small team. As a result, it does not require a significant investment of time or resources to establish or manage. So, this answer is correct: a. a hardware store franchise with 20 employees.

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Credit can be both a good thing and a bad thing depending on how it is used. On the positive side, credit can help individuals build a credit history, which can be used to secure loans and other financial products in the future.

This can allow individuals to make important purchases, such as a home or car, that they might not otherwise be able to afford. Additionally, responsible use of credit can help individuals establish a good credit score, which can result in lower interest rates and better loan terms.On the negative side, credit can also be a bad thing if it is not used responsibly. Taking on too much debt or missing payments can lead to high interest rates, late fees, and damage to your credit score. This can make it more difficult to secure loans or obtain credit in the future.To establish credit in the next 5-7 years, it's important to start by obtaining a credit card or other form of credit and using it responsibly.

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The true statement about brand mantras is option (C) They can provide guidance about what ad campaigns to run and where and how to sell the brand.

Brand mantras are short, three-to-five-word phrases that capture the essence of a brand's identity and serve as a guiding principle for all brand-related decisions. They are intended to be memorable, inspiring, and easily understood by both employees and customers.

Brand mantras can provide guidance not only for major strategic decisions but also for day-to-day tactical decisions such as ad campaigns, sales strategies, and product development. They are not just for internal use by employees but are also useful for external marketing partners who work with the brand.

Therefore, the correct option is (C) They can provide guidance about what ad campaigns to run and where and how to sell the brand.

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The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:

Of the following statements about brand mantras, which is true? A. They guide only major decisions, they have no influence on mundane decisions. B. Their influence does not extend beyond tactical concerns. C. They can provide guidance about what ad campaigns to run and where and how to sell the brand. D. They average one paragraph in length. E. They are used by employees only, not external marketing partners.

A bond is a  is "certificate of indebtedness." A bond is a debt security issued by a borrower, typically a company or government, that promises to pay back the principal along with interest over a specified period. Option (2)

A bond is a type of financial instrument that represents a loan made by an investor to a borrower, typically a corporation or government entity. The bond issuer agrees to pay a fixed interest rate, called the coupon rate, to the bondholder for a set period of time, after which the bond reaches maturity and the principal amount is repaid.

Bonds are considered a form of debt financing and are widely used by companies and governments to raise capital. Unlike stocks, bonds do not represent ownership in the issuing entity and bondholders do not have voting rights in the company or government.

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Full Question: A bond is a

The respective maturities of the investments in the student question, which includes a Treasury bond, zero-coupon bond, corporate bond, and municipal bond, are approximately equivalent.

Treasury bonds are government debt securities issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury to fund the country's financial commitments. They are a long-term financial obligation of the U.S. government, with a maturity of more than ten years, and they are considered one of the most secure investments available to individuals and organizations.

A zero-coupon bond is a debt security that pays no interest or coupon rate over its life. Instead, it is issued at a discount to face value and redeemed at par or face value on the maturity date.

A corporate bond is a type of debt instrument issued by a corporation to raise capital. Corporate bonds are usually issued to fund capital expenditures or expansion projects, as well as to refinance outstanding debt.

Municipal bonds are debt securities issued by local governments and authorities, such as cities, towns, counties, and school districts, to fund public infrastructure projects such as schools, roads, bridges, and hospitals.

Municipal bonds are tax-free at the federal level and may be exempt from state and local taxes depending on the state of issuance.

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Aspects of creative process that Jolanta is pursuing are: Exploring new ideas, generating alternatives and selecting the best alternatives.Creative process refers to a sequence of steps or stages that begins with the formulation of a new idea or creation and concludes with the implementation or execution of the idea.

Jolanta has been offered a promotion, and she will be leading the new product development team. She is being sent to training that will concentrate on business, and thus, Jolanta is pursuing a number of aspects of the creative process.To start with, she is exploring new ideas. In order to come up with new and innovative products, it is important to look for new and different ideas. Through her training, Jolanta will learn about different aspects of business and this may help her to come up with new ideas for product development.

By exploring new ideas, Jolanta will be able to identify areas that have been neglected in the past and create products that can fill those gaps. Next, Jolanta is generating alternatives. When it comes to product development, there are often multiple options or alternatives that can be explored. Jolanta's training will help her to generate different alternatives or options for product development. For example, she may be able to identify new markets that the company can tap into or she may be able to suggest new features or functionalities for the company's products.

Finally, Jolanta will be selecting the best alternatives. Once she has generated different alternatives, Jolanta will need to select the best option or alternative. This will require careful consideration of the different factors involved such as cost, feasibility, market demand and competition. Through her training, Jolanta will be equipped with the skills and knowledge needed to make informed decisions about which alternative to select.

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Total manufacturing costs for 120,000 units come to $907,400. The cost per unit increased from $4.35 to $5.04, which is an increase of 16 percent.

a. To prepare a cost estimate for a volume level of 120,000 units of product this year, we first need to calculate the total manufacturing cost for this level of production.

Direct materials cost for 150,000 units = $315,000

Direct labor cost for 150,000 units = $262,500

Variable overhead cost for 150,000 units = $231,000

Fixed manufacturing overhead cost = $270,000

To estimate the cost for 120,000 units, we can use the following formula:

Total manufacturing cost = (Direct materials cost per unit × Number of units) + (Direct labor cost per unit × Number of units) + (Variable overhead cost per unit × Number of units) + Fixed manufacturing overhead cost

Direct materials cost per unit for this year = $315,000 / 150,000

= $2.10 per unit

Direct materials cost per unit for next year = $2.10 × 1.20

= $2.52 per unit

Direct labor cost per unit for this year = $262,500 / 150,000

= $1.75 per unit

Direct labor cost per unit for next year = $1.75 × 1.04

= $1.82 per unit

Variable overhead cost per unit for this year = $231,000 / 150,000

= $1.54 per unit

Variable overhead cost per unit for next year = $1.54 per unit

Fixed manufacturing overhead cost for next year = $270,000 × 1.10

= $297,000

Total manufacturing cost for 120,000 units

= ($2.52 × 120,000) + ($1.82 × 120,000) + ($1.54 × 120,000) + $297,000

= $907,400

b. To determine the cost per unit for last year and this year, we can use the following formula:

Cost per unit = Total manufacturing cost / Number of units

For last year, the cost per unit = ($315,000 + $262,500 + $231,000 + $270,000) / 150,000

= $4.35 per unit

For this year, the cost per unit = ($315,000 × 1.20 + $262,500 × 1.04 + $231,000) / 150,000

= $5.04 per unit

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Answer:

confirms a person's identity

The costs to an organization like Community Hospital of the West in terms of reputation, patient safety, marketing, and organizational culture can be significant.

1. Reputation: Negative incidents or poor patient outcomes can damage the hospital's reputation, making it difficult to attract and retain patients, staff, and partners.
2. Patient safety: Compromised patient safety can lead to increased risks, medical errors, and potential harm to patients, resulting in legal liabilities and financial losses.
3. Marketing: A damaged reputation can increase marketing costs as the organization needs to rebuild trust and regain its standing in the community.
4. Organizational culture: A poor culture can lead to low employee morale, high staff turnover, and decreased productivity, ultimately affecting patient care and overall performance.

To mitigate these costs, Community Hospital of the West could consider the following recommendations:

1. Prioritize patient safety by implementing robust safety protocols, staff training, and continuously monitoring performance to identify and address potential risks.
2. Foster a positive organizational culture by promoting open communication, staff engagement, and a commitment to continuous improvement.
3. Develop a strong brand and messaging that highlights the hospital's commitment to quality care, patient safety, and community engagement.
4. Establish transparent and proactive communication with patients, families, staff, and the public to address concerns, share accomplishments, and demonstrate accountability.

By implementing these strategies, Community Hospital of the West can work towards mitigating the impact of these costs and fostering a positive and safe environment for patients and staff.

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The process of creating a financial plan of the revenues and resources needed to carry out activities and meet financial goals is referred to as budgeting.

In general , Budgeting is known as an important aspect of financial management that works by providing individuals or organizations to plan their financial activities .  Also a  financial plan may includes revenue forecasts, expense ideas to meet financial goals.

Also , budgeting may involves estimating and allocating resources to achieve financial goals. A budget helps individuals or organizations to plan their spending, control their cash flow, and monitor their financial performance.

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A benchmarking tool is used to determine how present performance measures up to past performance or industry standards for performance.

The tool used to determine how to present performance measures up to a past performance or industry standards for performance is known as Benchmarking. Benchmarking is the practice of comparing an organization's performance metrics to those of similar organizations in the same industry or market. Benchmarking can be used to evaluate all aspects of a business, from its products and services to its internal processes and operations. This practice can help organizations identify areas where they are excelling and areas where they need to improve. Benchmarking is a crucial tool in evaluating an organization's performance. By comparing its performance metrics to those of other organizations in the same industry, a company can determine whether it is performing better or worse than its peers. This information can then be used to develop strategies to improve performance and achieve a competitive advantage.
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Planet Fitness most closely pursues a customer-oriented pricing orientation. This means that the company focuses on delivering value to its customers by setting prices that reflect what customers are willing to pay for its services.

Planet Fitness aims to attract and retain customers by offering them affordable pricing options and high-quality services. By doing so, the company can differentiate itself from its competitors and build a loyal customer base. Customer-oriented pricing also allows the company to maintain a competitive advantage by keeping customers satisfied and generating positive word-of-mouth referrals.

Overall, Planet Fitness' customer-oriented pricing strategy has been effective in helping the company grow its customer base and achieve long-term success.

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Dover Incorporated should have reported $1,760,000 as variable costs in its contribution margin income statement for the most recent fiscal year.

During its most recent fiscal year, Dover Incorporated had total sales of $3,320,000, a contribution margin of $1,560,000, and income of $490,000. To calculate the variable costs that should have been reported in the company's contribution margin income statement for the year.Understand the formula for calculating the contribution margin. The contribution margin is the difference between total sales and variable costs: Contribution Margin = Total Sales - Variable Costs.
Rearrange the formula to solve for variable costs: Variable Costs = Total Sales - Contribution Margin. Substitute the given values for total sales and contribution margin into the formula:Variable Costs = $3,320,000 - $1,560,000.  Perform the calculation to find the variable costs:Variable Costs = $1,760,000So, Dover Incorporated should have reported $1,760,000 as variable costs in its contribution margin income statement for the most recent fiscal year.

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(a)  A recurrence relation for m(n) will be m(n) = 1.1 * (m(n-1) - 100), for n > 0, where 1.1 represents the 10% interest rate applied to the remaining balance after the $100 payment. (b) After four weeks, I will owe $221.54.

(a) To write down a recurrence relation for m(n), the amount owed after n weeks, consider the following steps:
1. Start with the initial amount borrowed, which is $500.
2. Each week, you pay back $100 and then Ursula charges 10% interest on the remaining balance.
Using this information, we can define m(n) as follows:
m(0) = 500, for the initial amount borrowed
m(n) = 1.1 * (m(n-1) - 100), for n > 0, where 1.1 represents the 10% interest rate applied to the remaining balance after the $100 payment.

(b) To find out how much you owe after four weeks, we will apply the recurrence relation for m(n) for n = 1, 2, 3, and 4.
1. m(1) = 1.1 * (500 - 100) = 1.1 * 400 =$ 440
2. m(2) = 1.1 * (440 - 100) = 1.1 * 340 = $374
3. m(3) = 1.1 * (374 - 100) = 1.1 * 274 = $301.4
4. m(4) = 1.1 * (301.4 - 100) = 1.1 * 201.4 = $221.54. Hence after four weeks i will owe $221.54

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The circumstances under which a real estate broker would still receive a commission even if the transaction does not close are typically laid out in the listing agreement between the broker and the seller.

This agreement should detail the commission structure and the conditions under which the broker is entitled to receive payment. In some cases, the listing agreement may include a clause that states that the broker is entitled to a commission if the seller enters into a contract to sell the property with a ready, willing, and able buyer, but the sale falls through due to no fault of the seller.

This clause is known as a protection period, safety clause, or holdover clause. The duration of the protection period can vary, but it is typically between 30 and 90 days. During this time, if the property is sold to a party who was shown the property during the listing period, the broker would still be entitled to a commission.

However, if the property is sold to a party who was not shown the property during the listing period, the broker would not be entitled to a commission. It is important for both the broker and the seller to carefully review and understand the terms of the listing agreement before entering into a contract.

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