Mrs. Arroyo, a 78-year-old patient with end-stage dementia, is in a hospice. She is lying in bed, curled in the fetal position, and is being treated for aspiration pneumonia for the fourth time.
She is on a pureed diet with nectar thick liquids. Over the past year, her weight has been steadily declining, and her albumin level is 2.2 g/L. The patient has a stage 2 pressure injury measuring 5 mm x 2.5 mm x 2 mm on her coccyx, the wound base is pale. Her skin is cool to touch on hands and feet.
She had one wet underpad in the last 24 hours. She is occasionally restless and is no longer eating or drinking. The nurse has called the family to come to the side, telling them death is approaching.
To facilitate a good death, the following nursing actions should be implemented:1. Provide a warm cotton blanket
2. Identify self and speak softly when providing care3. Reduce environmental stimuli4. Encourage the family to talk to the client and give permission to dieEthical considerations:With this situation or case study, several ethical considerations can be seen. The patient has a right to comfort measures and to die peacefully. Nurses should ensure that the patient is given proper palliative care and should manage pain and other symptoms.
Nurses should follow the principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice while providing care to the patient.
The family has the right to know about the patient's condition and should be involved in making decisions about the patient's care. Nurses should follow the principle of confidentiality and protect the patient's privacy.
They should respect the patient's cultural and spiritual beliefs and provide care accordingly.
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Movie" Girl, interrupted"
Paragraph 1: Introduction to the movie and the depiction of mental illness in the movie (your main sentence within this paragraph will indicate what your three points are going to be.)
Paragraph 2: Accuracy analysis of the movie: How is the character shown to be mentally ill? How is the illness communicated to viewers and to other actors in the film?
What diagnosis criteria did the character meet, or not meet?
Paragraph 3: Treatment analysis and recommendation: How is the illness "treated" in the movie? What treatments are available? (Especially if this movie is older, are there new therapies?) Discuss possible treatments appropriate for this character, not specific medications or anything, but long-term goals.
Paragraph 4: Pick your third topic and answer the questions ( Third topic: Professional ethics: How are the doctors and therapists depicted? What are their interactions with the ill character? How are these professionals helping or hurting the situation? What is the purpose of depicting mental health care professionals in this light?)
***No need to provide a summary paragraph, but it is a good rule of thumb to go back to your main sentence in the first paragraph and make sure you hit all the points that you said you would address***
(Make sure each of the paragraphs has a heading that corresponds with what is being discussed)
The analysis of movie will focus on three main points: the depiction of mental illness in the movie, the accuracy of the portrayal, and the treatment approaches presented.
Paragraph 1: Introduction to the movie and depiction of mental illness
"Girl, Interrupted" is a film that delves into the experiences of a young woman named Susanna Kaysen, who is diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.
The three main points to be discussed in this analysis are: the portrayal of mental illness in the movie, the accuracy of the depiction, and the treatment approaches presented.
Paragraph 2: Accuracy analysis of the movie
In "Girl, Interrupted," Susanna's mental illness is shown through her erratic behaviors, mood swings, and difficulties with identity and relationships. The film effectively communicates her illness to viewers through intense and emotional scenes, highlighting the turmoil she experiences.
While the portrayal of mental illness in the movie captures some aspects of borderline personality disorder, it is important to note that it may not fully represent the complexity of the disorder or meet all the diagnostic criteria.
Paragraph 3: Treatment analysis and recommendation
In the movie, Susanna's illness is primarily treated within a psychiatric hospital setting. The treatments depicted include therapy, medication administration, and group interventions. It is worth noting that the film was set in the 1960s, and since then, advancements in therapeutic approaches and medications have been made.
For a character like Susanna, long-term goals may involve a combination of therapy modalities, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), which is commonly used to treat borderline personality disorder, along with appropriate medication management.
Paragraph 4: Professional ethics
The movie portrays doctors and therapists in the psychiatric hospital, showcasing their interactions with Susanna and other patients. While some professionals are depicted as compassionate and genuinely invested in helping their patients, others are shown as detached or unsympathetic.
This portrayal raises questions about professional ethics and the varying approaches taken by mental health care professionals. The purpose of depicting mental health care professionals in this light may be to shed light on the complexities of mental health treatment and the challenges faced by both patients and professionals in providing appropriate care.
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What color top tube is an ESR drawn in? a. Lavendar b. Red c. Light blue d. Navy blue The peripheral nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. a. True b. False
The ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) is a test that helps to identify inflammatory and malignant conditions in the body. The correct option is a. Lavender.
The test is performed by collecting blood samples in tubes that have been specially treated with anticoagulant agents, which helps to prevent the blood from clotting. The ESR blood test can be done using various top tube colors, but the most common tube colors used for ESR tests are lavender and black. Lavender-colored top tubes are most commonly used for ESR tests. The correct option is a. Lavender.
The peripheral nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system that is outside of the brain and spinal cord. It includes the nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The PNS is divided into two main divisions: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The given statement is False, the peripheral nervous system is composed of the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their associated ganglia.
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Cancer cachexia affects almost all cancer patients.
Group of answer choices
True
False
The given statement that states "Cancer cachexia affects almost all cancer patients" is true.
Cancer cachexia is a serious, multifactorial syndrome characterized by unintentional weight loss, muscle atrophy, weakness, and fatigue. It can also lead to a decreased quality of life and impaired function. This condition is prevalent in almost all cancer patients and is often related to poor survival rates.
Cancer cachexia occurs in the majority of people with advanced cancer, especially in those with gastrointestinal or pancreatic cancer. It is important to manage cancer cachexia to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended for optimal treatment.
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Does a person in need of an organ transplant have a moral right
to obtain that transplant, supposing the availability of the needed
organ and how should we choose who gets a transplant?
The ethical debate on whether a person in need of an organ transplant has a moral right to obtain it is ongoing, and determining who gets a transplant involves complex considerations.
Yes, there is an ongoing ethical debate regarding whether a person in need of an organ transplant has a moral right to obtain that transplant, assuming the availability of the required organ. The issue revolves around the allocation and distribution of a limited resource, where demand often exceeds supply. Determining who gets a transplant involves complex considerations, such as medical urgency, potential for success, and fairness in the allocation process.
In organ transplantation, the scarcity of organs necessitates the establishment of fair and transparent criteria for prioritization. Factors commonly considered include the severity of the recipient's condition, the potential for successful transplantation, the expected post-transplant prognosis, and the time spent on the waiting list. Medical urgency is typically a significant factor, as those with life-threatening conditions or rapidly deteriorating health may be given higher priority. Additionally, some allocation systems aim to balance considerations of need, potential benefit, and equitable distribution, ensuring that individuals with the greatest need and best chances of a successful transplant are prioritized while minimizing bias or discrimination in the process.
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3 p Question 40 Carbohydrates provide energy (4 calories per gram) and should make up between 45 and 65 percent of your daily calories. Healthy sources include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. These foods will provide simple and complex carbohydrates, including fiber. Restrict foods high in refined carbohydrates and added sugars. True False 3 pt: Question 41 Proteins do not provide the building blocks for structural components of our bodies as some experts proclaim. True False O D The shift from small farms to large-scale agriculture and food processing created an abundance of inexpensive food. Unfortunately, many of these practices harmed the environment and human health. True False Question 43 3 pts Health-related physical fitness promotes_______ and of illnesses. and prevents injury and a number health, well-being libido, endorphins options, determination O Osport, fun
Answer: 40. True 41. False 42. True 43. True
Question 40: True. Between 45 and 65 percent of your daily calories should come from carbohydrates, which offer energy at a rate of 4 calories per gramme. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are examples of healthy sources. These foods will supply fibre together with simple and complex carbs.
Question 41: Proteins provide the building blocks for structural components of our bodies as some experts proclaim. Hence the given statement is false.
Question 42: There is a surplus of affordable food as a result of the transition from small farms to industrial agriculture and food processing. Unfortunately, a lot of these methods were bad for both the environment and people's health. The assertion is accurate.
Question 43: Health-related physical fitness promotes health, well-being, and prevents injury and a number of illnesses. The given option is "health, well-being".
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Write a discussion in a paragraph about methods used and
problems encountered when decalcifying histological samples with
observations made of bone decalcified in 10% HCl
Decalcification of histological samples is performed using various methods, but 10% HCl is commonly used. Bone decalcification using 10% HCl takes a significant amount of time.
Decalcification of histological samples is done to make them transparent and soft to enable proper sectioning. Various decalcification techniques are used, including acid decalcification, ion exchange resins, and chelating agents. 10% hydrochloric acid (HCl) is one of the most commonly used acids for decalcification. Bone decalcification using 10% HCl involves immersing the sample in the solution and agitating it.
One of the problems encountered when using 10% HCl is that it takes a considerable amount of time, ranging from days to weeks, depending on the size and density of the bone. During the decalcification process, the bone may become brittle, making it challenging to obtain good quality sections. Observations made after decalcification include the loss of calcium deposits and mineralization from the bone, and the bone is left transparent, soft, and pliable.
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nurse is caring for a client with stress incontinence. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the plan of care? a) Eliminate bladder irritants b) Drink plenty of fluids c) Encourage high protein diet d) Perform Kegel exercises
For a client with stress incontinence, the nurse should include instruction to perform Kegal exercises (Option d) in the plan of care.
Stress incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence that occurs due to weakened pelvic floor muscles. Kegel exercises are specifically designed to strengthen these muscles, which can help improve bladder control and reduce episodes of urine leakage during activities that put pressure on the bladder, such as coughing, sneezing, or exercising.
While it is generally important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, the other options provided do not directly address stress incontinence:
a) Eliminating bladder irritants: While this may help manage other types of urinary incontinence, such as urge incontinence, it may not directly address the underlying issue of weakened pelvic floor muscles causing stress incontinence.
b) Drinking plenty of fluids: This recommendation is generally beneficial for overall hydration and urinary health but may not specifically address stress incontinence.
c) Encouraging a high protein diet: While a balanced diet is important for overall health, there is no direct evidence to suggest that a high protein diet alone can alleviate or manage stress incontinence.
Therefore, the most appropriate instruction for a client with stress incontinence is to perform Kegel exercises.
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Describe how the drug, Glucotrol is absorbed, flows through the body, and how it is eliminated from the body
(pharmacokinetics). For instance what part of the digestive tract absorbs the drug? Are there
intermediate products? What organ manages the biproducts?
Please include work citation
Glucotrol, a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, is absorbed primarily in the small intestine, undergoes metabolism in the liver, and is eliminated mainly through the kidneys.
Glucotrol, also known as glipizide, is an oral medication belonging to the sulfonylurea class used in the management of type 2 diabetes. When taken orally, Glucotrol is absorbed mainly in the small intestine, specifically the jejunum and ileum. The drug is then transported into the bloodstream, where it can exert its therapeutic effects.
Once Glucotrol enters the bloodstream, it is bound to plasma proteins to varying degrees. This binding limits the distribution of the drug throughout the body, as only the unbound (free) fraction is active and able to interact with target tissues.
Following absorption, Glucotrol is transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein. In the liver, the drug undergoes extensive metabolism through hepatic enzymes, primarily the cytochrome P450 system. This metabolism leads to the formation of several inactive metabolites, which are subsequently excreted from the body.
The elimination of Glucotrol and its metabolites occurs primarily through the kidneys. They are filtered out of the bloodstream by the glomerulus and then undergo tubular secretion and reabsorption processes in the renal tubules. The final elimination occurs in the urine, with a small portion being excreted in feces.
In summary, Glucotrol is absorbed in the small intestine, metabolized in the liver, and eliminated primarily through the kidneys. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of Glucotrol is crucial in optimizing its dosing regimen and ensuring its effectiveness in managing type 2 diabetes.
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Procedures performed on the skin are coded to the body part
values in the body system skin and breast
True or False
True. Procedures performed on the skin are indeed coded to the body part values within the body system "skin and breast."
In medical coding, procedures performed on the skin are coded to the body part values within the body system "skin and breast." This coding methodology ensures that procedures specific to the skin and breast areas are accurately identified, documented, and communicated. By assigning the appropriate codes within this body system, healthcare professionals can effectively capture the details of the procedures for billing, record-keeping, and analysis purposes.
The skin and breast body system encompasses a wide range of procedures, including but not limited to dermatological interventions, plastic surgery, biopsies, excisions, and reconstruction surgeries. Each procedure is assigned a specific code that reflects the anatomical location and the nature of the intervention. This coding system allows for precise documentation and tracking of procedures related to the skin and breast, enabling accurate reimbursement and statistical analysis.
By utilizing the body system "skin and breast" for coding, healthcare providers can efficiently navigate through a vast array of procedures and ensure consistent and standardized documentation. This approach promotes clarity, accuracy, and efficiency in medical coding practices, benefiting healthcare professionals, insurance providers, and patients alike.
Therefore, this coding system allows healthcare professionals to accurately identify and document procedures specific to the skin and breast areas. By assigning the appropriate codes within this body system, medical coding practices can effectively capture the details of these procedures for billing, record-keeping, and analysis purposes. This ensures accurate reimbursement and facilitates standardized documentation, benefiting healthcare providers, insurance companies, and patients.
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1.
explain when convenctional radiography is preferred over DXA scan.
Give examples.
Conventional radiography is preferred over DXA scan when assessing fractures, lung conditions, and dental structures due to its ability to provide detailed information in these areas.
1. Fracture assessment: Conventional radiography is the preferred method for evaluating fractures as it offers detailed imaging of bones, allowing for accurate assessment of fracture location, alignment, and severity.
Example: A patient presenting with a suspected wrist fracture would undergo conventional radiography to obtain X-ray images of the wrist and assess the presence and characteristics of the fracture.
2. Lung conditions: Conventional radiography is commonly used for diagnosing and monitoring lung conditions, providing information on lung structure, abnormalities, and pathologies such as infiltrates, masses, or fluid accumulation.
Example: A patient with symptoms of pneumonia would undergo a chest X-ray to evaluate the presence of lung infiltrates, consolidations, or other abnormalities indicative of an infection.
3. Dental structures: Conventional radiography plays a vital role in dental examinations, allowing for detailed imaging of teeth, roots, and surrounding structures, enabling the detection of dental caries, periodontal disease, and impacted teeth.
Example: A patient with tooth pain would undergo dental X-rays to evaluate the presence of cavities, root abnormalities, or other dental issues that could be causing the pain.
In summary, conventional radiography is preferred over DXA scan for assessing fractures, lung conditions, and dental structures due to its ability to provide detailed imaging and specific diagnostic information in these areas.
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There are 130 milligrams of iodine in how many milliliters of a
1:4 iodine solution?
Please use dimensional analysis
There are 130 milligrams of iodine in 520 milliliters of a 1:4 iodine solution.
To determine the number of milliliters of a 1:4 iodine solution containing 130 milligrams of iodine, we can use dimensional analysis.
To calculate the volume, we'll set up the following ratio:
1 part iodine / 4 parts total solution = 130 milligrams iodine / X milliliters total solution
To solve for X (the volume of the total solution), we can cross-multiply and then divide:
1 * X = 4 * 130
X = (4 * 130) / 1
X = 520 / 1
X = 520 milliliters
Therefore, there are 520 milliliters of the 1:4 iodine solution containing 130 milligrams of iodine.
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Endocrine System 1. Helpful stress that prepares us to meet challenges is called? 2. When one hormone requires the simultaneous exposure to a second hormone to work, the second hormone is said to have a: . 3. The most common form of hyperthyroidism is? 4. What effect does acetylcholine have on insulin secretion? 5. What is the effect of nitric oxide on blood vessels?
1. Helpful stress that prepares us to meet challenges is called eustress.
2. When one hormone requires the simultaneous exposure to a second hormone to work, the second hormone is said to have a permissive effect.
3. The most common form of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease.
4. Acetylcholine has a stimulating effect on insulin secretion.
5. Nitric oxide causes blood vessels to dilate, resulting in increased blood flow.
Eustress is a type of stress that is beneficial and helps us meet challenges. It is characterized by feelings of excitement, motivation, and increased energy. Unlike distress, which is harmful and overwhelming, eustress can enhance our performance and productivity. It activates the body's stress response in a positive way, leading to improved focus, heightened alertness, and increased physical and mental capabilities. Eustress can be experienced in various situations such as during competitive sports, before a presentation, or while pursuing personal goals. It is an essential part of our adaptive response to challenges, enabling us to perform at our best.
In certain cases, the action of one hormone depends on the simultaneous presence or exposure to a second hormone. This phenomenon is known as a permissive effect. The second hormone, in this case, does not directly elicit a response but enhances or enables the response of the first hormone. It acts as a facilitator or "permits" the primary hormone to exert its effects on the target tissues or organs. The permissive effect ensures that the physiological processes regulated by the first hormone are carried out effectively and in a coordination.
Permissive effects between hormones are commonly observed in the endocrine system, where multiple hormones work together to maintain homeostasis and regulate various bodily functions. For example, cortisol, a hormone released by the adrenal glands, requires the simultaneous exposure to thyroid hormones to exert its full effects on metabolism and energy regulation. Without the presence of thyroid hormones, the action of cortisol would be incomplete or less effective. Understanding the permissive relationships between hormones provides insights into the intricate interplay within the endocrine system and its impact on overall physiological functioning.
Graves' disease is the most common form of hyperthyroidism, a condition characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. It is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly produces antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland to overproduce hormones. This leads to symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, trembling hands, increased sensitivity to heat, and anxiety. Graves' disease is named after Robert Graves, an Irish physician who first described the condition in the 19th century. It affects both men and women, typically presenting between the ages of 20 and 40.
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A physician prescribes ibuprofen liquid 10 mg/kg to be administered po qid pr for pain for a child who weighs 66 lb. The available medication is 100 mg/5 ml The volume of medication to be dispensed is 8 ounces. How many milliliters of medication are needed per dose? How many milliliters of medication would be needed for 1 1 day? How many doses of medication are available in this prescription? Indicate the prescription label directions using household utensils. 8. A physician prescribes amoxicillin 62.5 mg po tid for 10 days for a child weighing 44 lb. Amoxicillin 125 mg/5 mL is in stock in 100-mL and 150-mL containers. What quantity of the medication should the parents give per dose? Which container of amoxicillin should be provided for the prescription? How much medication would be discarded if the order was followed correctly?
1. Calculation of ibuprofen liquid per dose:
The physician prescribes ibuprofen at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. The child weighs 66 lb, which is approximately 30 kg (66 lb ÷ 2.205 lb/kg).
The volume of medication to be dispensed is 8 ounces, which is equivalent to 240 mL.
First, calculate the total dosage required per dose:
Dosage per dose = Weight of the child (kg) × Dosage (mg/kg)
Dosage per dose = 30 kg × 10 mg/kg
Dosage per dose = 300 mg
Next, determine the volume of medication required per dose:
Volume per dose = Dosage per dose / Concentration of the medication
Volume per dose = 300 mg / 100 mg/5 mL
Simplify the calculation by converting mg to mL:
Volume per dose = (300 mg / 100 mg) × 5 mL
Volume per dose = 1.5 × 5 mL
Volume per dose = 7.5 mL
Therefore, 7.5 milliliters of medication are needed per dose.
2. Calculation of medication needed for 1 day:
Since the medication is to be administered four times a day (qid), multiply the volume per dose by the number of doses in a day:
Medication needed for 1 day = Volume per dose × Number of doses per day
Medication needed for 1 day = 7.5 mL × 4
Medication needed for 1 day = 30 mL
Therefore, 30 milliliters of medication would be needed for one day.
3. Calculation of the number of doses available in the prescription:
The volume of medication to be dispensed is 8 ounces, which is equivalent to 240 mL.
To determine the number of doses available, divide the total volume by the volume per dose:
Number of doses available = Total volume / Volume per dose
Number of doses available = 240 mL / 7.5 mL
Number of doses available = 32 doses
Therefore, there are 32 doses of medication available in this prescription.
4. Indication of prescription label directions using household utensils:
The prescription label directions could be indicated as follows:
Take one dose (7.5 mL) of medication per dose, four times a day (use a tablespoon or a medicine cup).
Moving on to the next set of questions:
5. Calculation of amoxicillin dosage per dose:
The physician prescribes amoxicillin at a dosage of 62.5 mg po tid. The child weighs 44 lb, which is approximately 20 kg (44 lb ÷ 2.205 lb/kg).
Calculate the total dosage required per dose:
Dosage per dose = Weight of the child (kg) × Dosage (mg/kg)
Dosage per dose = 20 kg × 62.5 mg/kg
Dosage per dose = 1,250 mg
Since amoxicillin is available in a concentration of 125 mg/5 mL, we can determine the volume of medication required per dose:
Volume per dose = Dosage per dose / Concentration of the medication
Volume per dose = 1,250 mg / 125 mg/5 mL
Simplify the calculation by converting mg to mL:
Volume per dose = (1,250 mg / 125 mg) × 5 mL
Volume per dose = 10 × 5 mL
Volume per dose = 50 mL
Therefore, 50 milliliters of medication should be given per dose.
6. Determination of the appropriate container of amoxicillin:
Since the prescription requires amoxicillin for 10 days, we need to calculate the total quantity of medication needed:
Total medication needed = Volume per dose × Number of doses per day × Number of days
Total medication needed = 50 mL × 3 doses/day × 10 days
Total medication needed = 1,500 mL
Since the 100-mL container is insufficient to provide the required quantity, the 150-mL container should be provided for the prescription.
7. Calculation of discarded medication:
To determine the amount of medication that would be discarded if the order was followed correctly, subtract the total medication needed from the quantity provided:
Discarded medication = Total medication provided - Total medication needed
Discarded medication = 150 mL - 1,500 mL
Discarded medication = -1,350 mL (Negative value indicates that no medication would be discarded as the 150-mL container is sufficient)
Therefore, no medication would be discarded if the order was followed correctly using the 150-mL container.
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Johnson is .year-old retired waitress who has since she was 12 She now severe emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary dise (COPD) and is admited to the extended care facility where you word, because she is widowed and has no family to care for her. She use oxygen 2 per calcula at all times and NIPPV sight 1. What routine data should be collected to monitor Mrs. John's respiratory status? 2. In ndition to het chronic hung disease. what normal agiet changes affect Mr Schetue's 3. You note that Mrs. Johnson's physician has decumented that she has a hurrel chet. What does this mean, and what sesi 4. Why is Mrs. Johnson on only 2 L of oxygen even though she is still sometimes short of brewth? 5. You entor Mrs. John's room one evening and find her with increased dyna You check her oxygen and find it is en 2.per minute as ordered. What questions can you to further assess the severity of her problem! 6. You decide to check her oxygen satunities and find it is om 21. of oxyges. What do you do? 7. You page the physician. While you are waiting for his call, you will with Mr. Job and to to calm her. What are some techniques that may help? What position will be mes tective for her
1. There are different data that can be collected to monitor Mrs. Johnson's respiratory status which include: Oxygen saturation (SaO2)
2. In addition to her chronic lung disease, several age-related changes affect Mr. Johnson's respiratory function. These changes include changes in the lung tissue and chest wall, muscle strength, and coughing mechanism. All these changes cause her to have reduced lung function and to be more susceptible to respiratory infections.
3. A hurrel chest is a term used to describe a medical emergency that occurs when there is a lack of oxygen supply in the body tissues, which leads to low oxygen levels and increased levels of carbon dioxide.
4. Mrs. Johnson is only on 2L of oxygen despite being sometimes short of breath because too much oxygen may cause a decrease in her respiratory drive, which may lead to her breathing to decrease even more, thereby worsening her condition.
5. The following questions can be asked to further assess the severity of Mrs. Johnson's problem
6. If Mrs. Johnson's oxygen saturation level is only 21%, immediate action must be taken to restore her oxygen levels to avoid tissue damage.
First, turn the oxygen level up to an appropriate level that can sustain her needs. Second, notify the physician immediately.
7. Some techniques that may help to calm Mrs. Johnson include deep breathing exercises, music, and guided imagery. These techniques can help her relax and reduce her stress levels, thereby reducing her respiratory rate and promoting better oxygenation.
A position that would be most effective for her is sitting up at a 45-degree angle with a pillow behind her back and neck. This position helps to expand the lungs and make it easier for her to breathe.
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Calculate the flow rate in mL/hr. (Equipment used is programmable in whole mL/hr) 1,800 mL of D5W in 24 hr by infusion pump 2. 2,000 mL D5W in 24 hr by infusion pump 3. 500 mL RL in 12 hr by infusion"
The flow rate (Equipment used is programmable in whole mL/hr) is 25 mL/hr.
1. To calculate the flow rate for 1,800 mL of D5W in 24 hours by infusion pump
2:The formula for calculating the flow rate is (volume to be infused ÷ time in hours) × 60 minutes per hour.
Using this formula, we get:(1,800 ÷ 24) × 60 = 75 mL/hr
Therefore, the flow rate is 75 mL/hr.2.
To calculate the flow rate for 2,000 mL of D5W in 24 hours by infusion pump
3: Again, using the formula, we get:(2,000 ÷ 24) × 60 = 83.33 mL/hr
Therefore, the flow rate is 83.33 mL/hr.
3. To calculate the flow rate for 500 mL of RL in 12 hours by infusion:
Using the formula again, we get:(500 ÷ 12) × 60 = 25 mL/hr
Therefore, the flow rate is 25 mL/hr.
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What are the side effects of calcium channel blocking
mediations?
Calcium channel-blocking medications are a type of medication used to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, and other medical conditions. The following are some of the side effects of calcium channel-blocking medications: Constipation is a common side effect of calcium channel blockers.
In people who take calcium channel blockers, this issue is more prevalent. The stool becomes more dry and difficult to pass due to reduced bowel motility.
Swelling of the feet and ankles: Calcium channel blockers may induce peripheral edema, a buildup of fluid in the feet and ankles. This occurs because calcium channel blockers cause the arteries to dilate, increasing the blood supply to the limbs, which can lead to fluid retention.
Headaches are another common side effect. This is due to the medication's dilation of blood vessels in the head. As a result, calcium channel blockers may create a headache in some individuals.
In conclusion, if you notice any unusual symptoms, such as constipation, swelling of the feet and ankles, or headaches, you should contact your doctor immediately to determine if it is safe to continue taking calcium channel-blocking medication.
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Describe the ways the CST principles of human dignity and the
common good, comparatively, support and inform each other.
The principles of human dignity and the common good mutually reinforce and support each other. Human dignity recognizes the inherent worth and value of every individual, while the common good emphasizes the well-being and flourishing of the community as a whole.
The principle of human dignity acknowledges that every person possesses inherent worth and should be treated with respect and dignity. It recognizes the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, such as the right to life, liberty, and security. This principle is closely tied to the concept of the common good, which emphasizes the well-being and flourishing of the entire community. The common good recognizes that individuals are interconnected and interdependent, and their well-being is linked to the well-being of the community as a whole. In promoting the common good, societies and institutions strive to create conditions that enable all individuals to reach their full potential and enjoy a dignified life.
Human dignity and the common good are mutually supportive because the recognition of human dignity is essential for the pursuit of the common good, and the realization of the common good contributes to upholding and promoting human dignity. Respecting and protecting human dignity is a foundational principle for promoting the common good.
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Which of the following is the least likely differential diagnosis (DDx)? a. Malignant lung neoplasm b. Emphysema c. Lung infection d. Benign lung neoplasm
Based on the given options, the least likely differential diagnosis (DDx) would be d.) Benign lung neoplasm. Hence, option d) is the correct answer.
This is because benign lung neoplasms are non-cancerous growths, and are generally less likely to cause symptoms or present as a differential diagnosis compared to the other options.
Neoplasm is an abnormal growth of cells in the lung and neurofibromas are a type of noncancerous neoplasm. Different types of malignant (cancerous) neoplasms are lung and carcinoid tumors. Other causes of noncancerous lung nodules may also include air irritants or pollutants.
Hence, the least likely differential diagnosis is option d) Benign lung neoplasm.
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Match the following word parts to the correct definition. C. -ectomy A. crushing B. forming new opening or mouth C. surgical repair D. suture E. fixation F. excision, removal G. pain H. instrument to cut 1. incision, cut into J. cell -pexy -plasty ✓ -rrhaphy -stomy -tome -tomy -tripsy -algia -cyte
The correct definitions of the word parts are:
C. -ectomy: F. excision, removalA. -pexy: E. fixationB. -plasty: C. surgical repairC. -rrhaphy: D. sutureD. -stomy: B. forming new opening or mouthE. -tome: H. instrument to cutF. -tomy: 1. incision, cut intoG. -tripsy: A. crushingH. -algia: G. painJ. -cyte: J. cellWhat are medical terminologies?-ectomy: This word part refers to the surgical removal or excision of a specific body part or organ. -pexy: This word part indicates the act of fixing or securing a body part in its proper position.
-plasty: This word part involves the surgical reconstruction or reshaping of a body part or tissue. -rrhaphy: This word part refers to the act of suturing or stitching together a wound or incision.
-stomy: This word part indicates the creation of a new opening or mouth in a body part. -tome: This word part refers to an instrument or tool used for cutting or incising tissues.
-tomy: This word part signifies the act of making an incision or cut into a body part. -tripsy: This word part involves the process of crushing or fragmenting a solid structure or calculus.
-algia: This word part indicates the presence of pain or discomfort. -cyte: This word part refers to a cell, typically used to describe specific types of cells or cell components.
These word parts are commonly used in medical terminology to describe various surgical procedures, conditions, or anatomical structures. By understanding their meanings, healthcare professionals can communicate more effectively and accurately.
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Define the term oxygen saturation. (1 2. List two causes that can contribute to a low 0²
Oxygen saturation is a measure of the percentage of hemoglobin in the blood that is bound to oxygen. It indicates how effectively oxygen is being transported from the lungs to the body's tissues.
Oxygen saturation is typically measured using a pulse oximeter, a non-invasive device that measures the oxygen saturation level by analyzing the light absorption properties of hemoglobin.
Two causes that can contribute to low oxygen saturation (hypoxemia) are:
a. Respiratory conditions: Conditions that affect the lungs and the respiratory system can lead to low oxygen saturation. For example, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can impair the ability of the lungs to efficiently exchange oxygen, resulting in lower oxygen saturation levels.
b. Cardiovascular conditions: Issues related to the heart and blood circulation can also contribute to low oxygen saturation. Conditions like congestive heart failure, heart attack, or pulmonary embolism can affect the heart's ability to pump oxygenated blood effectively or impede the blood flow to the lungs, leading to reduced oxygen saturation.
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which nursing action would be included in the plan of care to promote the nutritional status of a client during the acute phase of treatment
Evaluation and assessment of the client's nutritional status. Nutritional support should be provided to clients who are at risk of malnutrition in order to maintain their nutritional status. Nutritional support should be provided to clients who are unable to take oral medications.
The nutritional plan should be tailored to the client's unique needs and preferences. Monitoring of the client's weight and intake of food and fluids.
Provision of appropriate nutritional supplements, such as vitamins, minerals, and proteins. Maintaining a therapeutic environment that is conducive to optimal nutritional intake. Implementation of appropriate interventions to manage any underlying medical conditions that may be affecting the client's nutritional status, such as gastrointestinal disorders or metabolic disorders. Nutritional counseling and education to promote healthy dietary habits.
In conclusion, the nursing actions that are included in the plan of care to promote the nutritional status of a client during the acute phase of treatment are tailored to the unique needs and preferences of the client.
Assistance with feeding and eating, provision of appropriate nutritional supplements, and maintenance of a therapeutic environment that is conducive to optimal nutritional intake are other interventions that may be implemented to support the client's nutritional status.
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A medical professional needs to push (inject) liquid medicine into a patient by exerting a force of 3 newtons onto a hypodermic syringe. If the barrel of the syringe is Y millimeters in diameter and the syringe's needle is 0.25 millimeters in diameter, with how many newtons of force does the medicine come out of the needle into the patient?
After considering the given data we conclude that the exact value of this force depends on the atmospheric pressure and the diameter of the needle.
To calculate the force with which the medicine comes out of the needle into the patient, we need to use the principle of fluid dynamics. The force with which the medicine comes out of the needle is equal to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the needle multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the needle.
The pressure difference between the inside and outside of the needle can be calculated using Bernoulli's equation, which states that the sum of the pressure, kinetic energy, and potential energy per unit volume of a fluid is constant along a streamline
. Since the fluid is incompressible, the potential energy per unit volume is constant, and we can ignore it. Therefore, Bernoulli's equation can be simplified to:
[tex]P + (1/2)\rho v^2 = constant[/tex]
where P is the pressure, ρ is the density of the fluid, and v is the velocity of the fluid.
Assuming that the syringe is filled with a liquid of density ρ, the pressure inside the syringe can be calculated as:
[tex]P_{inside} = P_{atm} + \rho gh[/tex]
where [tex]P_{atm}[/tex] is the atmospheric pressure, h is the height of the liquid column in the syringe, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
The pressure outside the syringe is equal to the atmospheric pressure, [tex]P_{atm}[/tex].
The velocity of the fluid coming out of the needle can be calculated using the continuity equation, which states that the mass flow rate of a fluid is constant along a streamline
. The continuity equation can be expressed as:
[tex]A_1v_1 = A_2v_2[/tex]
where [tex]A_1[/tex] and [tex]A_2[/tex] are the cross-sectional areas of the syringe barrel and the needle, respectively, and [tex]v_1[/tex] and [tex]v_2[/tex] are the velocities of the fluid in the syringe barrel and the needle, respectively.
Using these equations, we can calculate the force with which the medicine comes out of the needle into the patient as:
[tex]F = A_2(P_{inside} - P_{atm} )[/tex]
where [tex]A_2[/tex] is the cross-sectional area of the needle.
Substituting the given values, we get:
[tex]P_{inside} = P_{atm} + \rho gh[/tex]
Assuming that the height of the liquid column in the syringe is negligible, we can ignore the second term and get:
[tex]P_{inside} = P_{atm}[/tex]
Using the continuity equation, we get:
[tex]A_1v_1 = A_2v_2[/tex]
Solving for v_2, we get:
[tex]v_2 = (A_1/A_2)v_1[/tex]
Assuming that the syringe barrel is much larger than the needle, we can assume that the velocity of the fluid in the syringe barrel is negligible, and we can ignore the first term. Therefore, we get:
v_2 = 0
Substituting these values, we get:
[tex]F = A_2(P_{inside} - P_{atm} )[/tex]
[tex]F = A_2(0 - P_{atm} )[/tex]
[tex]F = -A_2P_{atm}[/tex]
Therefore, the force with which the medicine comes out of the needle into the patient is equal to the atmospheric pressure multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the needle, and it is directed outward from the needle. The exact value of this force depends on the atmospheric pressure and the diameter of the needle.
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What is the priority action the nurse should take to assist ms. Simpson’s manifestations of anxiety? what other interventions are available for the nurse to try?
It is essential for the nurse to assess the severity of Ms. Simpson's anxiety and consider involving appropriate professionals if her symptoms persist or worsen. Every individual may respond differently to interventions, so the nurse should tailor the approach based on Ms. Simpson's specific needs and preferences.
The priority action for the nurse to assist Ms. Simpson's manifestations of anxiety would be to provide immediate support and a calming presence. The nurse should approach Ms. Simpson in a non-threatening manner, establish rapport, and actively listen to her concerns. Creating a safe and supportive environment can help alleviate anxiety symptoms and promote a sense of trust.
Other interventions available for the nurse to try include:
Therapeutic communication: Engage in therapeutic communication techniques such as active listening, empathetic responses, and offering reassurance. Encouraging Ms. Simpson to express her feelings and concerns openly can help alleviate anxiety.
Deep breathing and relaxation techniques: Teach Ms. Simpson deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, or other relaxation techniques to help her manage her anxiety symptoms. These techniques can promote a sense of calm and reduce physiological manifestations of anxiety.
Distraction techniques: Provide distraction techniques such as engaging in activities or hobbies that can divert Ms. Simpson's attention from her anxiety. This could include listening to music, watching a movie, or engaging in creative activities.
Education and information: Provide accurate information and education about the situation or procedure that is causing anxiety. This can help Ms. Simpson gain a better understanding and reduce anxiety associated with uncertainty or fear of the unknown.
Collaborate with the healthcare team: Consult with the healthcare team, including psychologists, social workers, or psychiatrists, to develop a comprehensive care plan for Ms. Simpson. They can provide additional interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, counseling, or medication if necessary.
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The nurse should provide a calm, safe environment and reassure Ms. Simpson that she is safe. Further interventions include teaching relaxation techniques, promoting physical activity and good sleep hygiene, and potentially coordinating with a physician regarding medication. It's also helpful for the nurse to encourage open conversation about Ms. Simpson's anxieties.
Explanation:The priority action the nurse should take to assist Ms. Simpson’s manifestations of anxiety is to provide a calm, safe environment and reassure her that she is safe. The nurse should speak softly, maintain eye contact, and stay with Ms. Simpson, especially during periods of extreme anxiety.
Other interventions a nurse could use to assist Ms. Simpson include: teaching her relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or guided imagery, encouraging physical activity, recommending a consistent sleep pattern, and consulting with a physician about possible pharmacological interventions, such as anti-anxiety medication. The nurse can also encourage Ms. Simpson to discuss her fears and anxieties, allowing her to express her feelings without negative judgment, which can have a therapeutic effect.
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Case Study Chapter 54 Concepts of Care for Patients With Problems of the Biliary System and Pancreas At 10:00 PM, Mr. Ponopolous presents to the ED stating he feels "miserable from overeating." His wife states that they had a large holiday dinner around 4:00 PM, and spent the evening with family members, drinking and continuing to eat. The nurse asks Mr. Ponopolous what he ate, and he states that since 4:00 PM, he has consumed several alcoholic beverages, two servings of pork sausage, cranberry salad, sweet potatoes with butter and cinnamon, a tossed salad with a light vinaigrette dressing, and two pieces of white chocolate cake with frosting. Mr. Ponopolous says that he had pancreatitis once before in his life, and that "this miserable feeling" is the same. Question 1 Which foods consumed by Mr. Ponopolous does the nurse identify as high in fat? Question 2 After taking a history, the nurse completes a physical assessment on Mr. Ponopolous. When assessing his abdomen, which assessment findings should the nurse identify as remarkable? Question 3 The ED physician suspects that Mr. Ponopolous has acute pancreatitis. A CBC, serum amylase, lipase, trypsin, and elastase tests are ordered. What laboratory findings would the nurse anticipate? Question 4 Mr. Ponopolous is admitted to a medical/surgical unit for acute pancreatitis. With which professional health care team members should the nurse collaborate to address Mr. Ponopolous's health care needs?
Question 1: The foods consumed by Mr. Ponopolous which the nurse identified as high in fat are as follows: Pork sausage, Sweet potatoes with butter and cinnamon, White chocolate cake with frosting
Question 2: The assessment findings that the nurse should identify as remarkable when assessing Mr. Ponopolous’s abdomen are as follows: Abdominal tenderness, Epigastric pain, radiating to back
Question 3: The laboratory findings that the nurse should anticipate for Mr. Ponopolous are as follows: Increased serum amylase levels, Increased serum lipase levels, Increased WBC count, Hyperglycemia, Hypocalcemia
Question 4: The professional healthcare team members with whom the nurse should collaborate to address Mr. Ponopolous's health care needs are as follows: Registered dietitian, Nurse practitioner, Physical therapist, Endocrinologist, Pharmacist, Gastroenterologist, Endoscopy technician, Surgeon Intensivist.
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A child who weighs 25 kg is prescribed gentamicin 40 mg IVPB twice per day over 20 minutes. The volume of the medication to be administered is 4 mL. The amount of diluent to be added is 16 mL. The rate of administration is __ mL/hr.
Gentamicin is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections like meningitis and conditions of the blood and stomach.
The rate of administration of gentamicin to the child is calculated by: Rate of administration = Amount per kg body weight × body weight (in kg) × 60 / infusion time (in minutes) Rate of administration
From the given data:
Medication: gentamicin Dose: 40mg
Frequency: twice per day
Duration: over 20 minutes
Weight of child: 25kg
The volume of medication: 4mL
The volume of diluent: 16mL
To calculate the rate of administration, first, we need to calculate the total amount of medication administered in a day.
The total amount administered in a day = dose × frequency
= 40mg × 2 = 80mg
To calculate the amount of medication per kg body weight, the total amount is divided by the child's weight. Amount per kg body weight = Total amount administered in a day / Weight of child
= 80mg / 25kg = 3.2mg/kg
Now, we can use this amount to calculate the rate of administration using the formula:
Rate of administration = Amount per kg body weight × body weight (in kg) × 60 / infusion time (in minutes) Rate of administration :
= 3.2mg/kg × 25kg × 60 / 20 min = 240m
The rate of administration is 240 mL/hr.
Pharmaceutical iv antibiotic gentamicin:
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List three
types of clients who will require mouth care in the acute care
setting
In the acute care setting, there are several types of clients who will require mouth care. These clients may have limited mobility and require assistance with their oral hygiene, making them more susceptible to poor oral health and related complications.
Three types of clients who will require mouth care in the acute care setting include:
1. Elderly patients: Older adults tend to have more medical and dental conditions that can impact their oral health. These patients may also have mobility issues that prevent them from performing proper oral hygiene, which can increase their risk of developing oral infections or other oral health problems.
2. Critically ill patients: Critically ill patients are often intubated or on mechanical ventilation, which can increase their risk of oral health problems. These patients require frequent oral hygiene care to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia and other infections.
3. Patients receiving chemotherapy: Chemotherapy can cause several oral health problems, including mouth sores, dry mouth, and increased risk of infections. These patients require regular oral hygiene care to reduce the risk of complications and maintain good oral health.
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explain understanding of Canadian health care principles such as social justice, cultural competence and social determinants of health to client care Explain these principles impact on client health Examine the influence of these principles on nurses role Explain the "calls to action" of the truth and reconciliation Commission of Canada impact on the nursing profession Explain the impact of truth and reconciliation to nursing Describe how a nurse will apply "the calls of action" to their role Explore the role of advocacy for the Indigenous population answer those questions as introduction, body and conclusion format in detail with references
Canadian healthcare principles such as social justice, cultural competence, and social determinants of health aim to ensure equitable and inclusive care for all individuals.
Social justice emphasizes the fair distribution of resources and addressing health disparities. Cultural competence promotes understanding and respecting diverse cultural backgrounds to provide culturally sensitive care. Social determinants of health recognize that factors like income, education, and social support significantly impact health outcomes.
These principles directly impact client health by reducing inequalities and improving access to care. Nurses play a crucial role in upholding these principles by advocating for vulnerable populations, addressing cultural needs, and considering social determinants when planning care. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission's "calls to action" highlight the historical injustices faced by Indigenous peoples and emphasize the need for reconciliation.
These actions impact nursing by fostering cultural safety, promoting Indigenous health approaches, and addressing the health disparities faced by Indigenous communities. Nurses can apply the calls to action by educating themselves, engaging in cultural humility, collaborating with Indigenous communities, and advocating for Indigenous health rights. Advocacy for the Indigenous population involves raising awareness, promoting self-determination, and supporting Indigenous-led initiatives to improve their health outcomes.
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The correct question is:
Explain understanding of Canadian health care principles such as social justice, cultural competence, and social determinants of health to client care. Explain these principles' impact on client health. Examine the influence of these principles on nurses' roles. Explain the "calls to action" of the truth and reconciliation Commission of Canada's impact on the nursing profession. Explain the impact of truth and reconciliation on nursing. Describe how a nurse will apply "the calls of action" to their role. Explore the role of advocacy for the Indigenous population.
A nurse is caring for a client requiring restraints. What should be included in the plan of care for this client?
A.Assess pulses and cap refill every 2 hours
B.Ensure extremity has limited range of motion
C.Place a nasogastric tube for nutrients since client will have limited use of hands
D. Secure the straps to the side rails using a quick release knot
A. Assess pulses and cap refill every 2 hours.
In the plan of care for a client requiring restraints, it is crucial to include the assessment of pulses and capillary refill every 2 hours.
Assess pulses: Restraining a client can restrict blood flow to the extremities. Regularly assessing pulses, such as radial pulses, ensures that circulation is not compromised.
Any signs of weak or absent pulses can indicate decreased blood flow and potential complications that require immediate attention.
Capillary refill: Capillary refill assesses peripheral perfusion and circulation. By pressing on a nail bed and observing the time it takes for color to return, nurses can determine if blood flow to the extremities is adequate.
Prolonged refill time may indicate compromised circulation and prompt the need for intervention.
These assessments are critical for ensuring the client's safety and preventing complications related to restricted blood flow. They help identify any potential issues early on, allowing healthcare providers to intervene promptly.
Regular monitoring of pulses and capillary refill supports the overall well-being of the client and helps maintain optimal circulation while under restraint.
It's important to prioritize the physical well-being of the client and ensure that their circulation remains intact during the use of restraints.
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MAAS 213G - Review Do we route emergency calls immediately to the physician? (True or False) When do we offer to call a patient back during a phone call? Which 5 Cs of communication is used when one is being respectful? Define time-specified scheduling What can be a symptom, patients experience when blood sugar fall falling, acting confused, lost Define itinerary What is another term for e-scheduling? low?
False. Emergency calls are not immediately routed to the physician. In an emergency situation, the patient is connected to the nearest emergency medical service (EMS) or 911 operator for immediate assistance.
When offering to call a patient back during a phone call, we offer to call the patient back when it is convenient for them, or at a later time. The 5 Cs of communication are clarity, compassion, courtesy, completeness, and candor.
These are the qualities that should be used when communicating with patients in order to ensure effective communication and a positive patient experience. Time-specified scheduling is a type of scheduling in which the appointment is scheduled for a specific time and date. A symptom that patients with low blood sugar may experience is confusion and acting lost.
Low blood sugar, also known as hypoglycemia, is a condition in which the blood sugar level is too low. Symptoms of low blood sugar can include feeling shaky, sweating, feeling hungry, and feeling irritable or anxious. In severe cases, low blood sugar can cause seizures or loss of consciousness.
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The nurse admits a client who has a medical diagnosis of bacterial meningitis to the unit. Which intervention has the highest priority in providing care for this client?
A. Administer initial dose of broad-spectrum antibiotic
B. Instruct the client to force fluids hourly
C. Obtain results of culture and sensitivity of CSF
d. Assess the client for symptoms of hyponatremia
Bacterial meningitis is the inflammation of the protective lining around the brain and spinal cord caused by bacteria. The disease progresses quickly, and prompt treatment is essential.
Obtaining the culture and sensitivity of CSF is critical for providing care to the patient.
The nurse's most crucial intervention is to administer the initial dose of broad-spectrum antibiotics immediately after bacterial meningitis diagnosis because time is of the essence. Bacterial meningitis is a severe condition that can cause neurological complications and result in death.
The bacteria that cause meningitis are spread from person to person through contact with the respiratory secretions of an infected person.
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae type B, and Neisseria meningitidis are the most common bacteria that cause meningitis, and the symptoms appear suddenly. Internal dose is the amount of a substance that is ingested or introduced directly into the bloodstream or other body fluids.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are potent drugs that can cause side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and allergic reactions. As a result, the internal dose of antibiotics administered must be carefully monitored.
Sensitivity of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is the most reliable method for determining bacterial meningitis. Infection-induced changes in the cerebrospinal fluid CSF ( are assessed to identify the cause of meningitis, determine which antibiotic to use, and monitor therapy's effectiveness).
Therefore, obtaining the culture and sensitivity of CSF is critical for providing care to the patient.
As bacterial meningitis progresses, the patient may develop hyponatremia (low sodium levels). Hyponatremia is characterized by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache, and fatigue.
The nurse should monitor the patient for symptoms of hyponatremia, but this is not the highest priority.
The nurse should administer the initial dose of broad-spectrum antibiotics immediately after bacterial meningitis diagnosis because time is of the essence.
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