The loss of the ability to produce vitamin C in primates occurred due to a mutation in the gene that encodes for the enzyme responsible for the last step in vitamin C synthesis.
This theory is based on the fact that vitamin C synthesis is a relatively costly process in terms of energy expenditure, and that primates may have been able to obtain enough vitamin C from their diets without needing to synthesize it themselves.
However, it's important to note that this theory is not universally accepted and there are other theories that propose alternative explanations for why the loss of vitamin C synthesis may have been retained in primates.
Regardless of the exact reasons for why this trait was retained, it is an interesting example of how genetic mutations can have both positive and negative effects on an organism's survival and evolutionary success.
To know more about vitamin C here
https://brainly.com/question/16099437
#SPJ4
which formed element can be described as cytoplasmic fragments? pathway of thrombopoiesis. which formed element can be described as cytoplasmic fragments? pathway of thrombopoiesis. platelets megakaryocytes monocytes erythrocytes
Platelets can be described as cytoplasmic fragments. They are small, disc-shaped cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting and wound healing.
Platelets are formed through the pathway of thrombopoiesis, which starts with the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into megakaryocytes. Megakaryocytes are large cells found in the bone marrow, and they undergo a process called endomitosis, where they replicate their DNA without cell division, resulting in a large, multinucleated cell.
As the megakaryocyte matures, it extends long cytoplasmic extensions called proplatelets, which fragment into smaller platelets. These platelets are then released into the bloodstream to perform their essential functions. This process is regulated by a hormone called thrombopoietin, which stimulates the production of megakaryocytes and the formation of platelets.
To recap, platelets are the formed elements that can be described as cytoplasmic fragments, and they are produced through the pathway of thrombopoiesis, which involves the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into megakaryocytes, the maturation of megakaryocytes, and the fragmentation of their cytoplasm into platelets.
To learn more about Platelets :
https://brainly.com/question/8197071
#SPJ11
the a and the b gene both contribute to pigment production in a plant with dark purple petals; aa mutants are uniformly light purple while bb mutants have patches of purple. if the a and b genes work together to perform an essential cellular function, what progeny ratios will result when aabb is self-fertilized?
If the a and b genes work together to perform an essential cellular function, then aabb is likely to be lethal, and no viable progeny will be produced.
In genetics, the principle of dominance states that when two different alleles (versions of a gene) are present, one allele will be expressed over the other. In this case, both A and B contribute to pigment production, and therefore, they are both dominant over their respective recessive alleles, a and b.
When a plant with genotype AaBb is self-fertilized, the gametes produced will have one allele from each gene pair. The possible gametes are AB, Ab, aB, and ab. When these gametes combine, the resulting offspring can have the genotypes AABB, AABb, AaBB, AaBb, aaBB, aaBb, AAbb, and aabb.
However, if aabb is lethal, then it will not be present among the progeny. Therefore, the remaining genotypes and their corresponding phenotypes can be arranged into the following Punnett square: that the expected progeny ratios are 1:2:1 for the genotypes AABB, AABb, AaBB, and AaBb, respectively.
To know more about genes
https://brainly.com/question/23446757
#SPJ4
hpv initiates cancer development through increased expression of group of answer choices cell surface receptors. viral antigens. tumor suppressor genes. viral oncogenes.
HPV initiates cancer development through increased expression of cell surface receptors.The human papillomavirus (HPV) initiates cancer development through increased expression of cell surface receptors. HPV is a group of more than 150 related viruses that can cause warts and some cancers, including cervical cancer.
The virus infects the basal layer of the epithelium and replicates in keratinocytes. HPV infects the skin and mucous membranes of the body. The virus can spread from person to person through skin-to-skin contact.
The virus is able to initiate cancer development through several mechanisms. One of the ways that HPV initiates cancer development is through increased expression of cell surface receptors. HPV can infect cells that express specific cell surface receptors, called the heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
The expression of these receptors is increased in cancer cells, which makes them more susceptible to HPV infection.The expression of viral oncogenes is another mechanism by which HPV initiates cancer development. HPV encodes several viral oncogenes, including E6 and E7. These oncogenes are able to inactivate tumor suppressor genes, such as p53 and pRb, which are important in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. The inactivation of these genes can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and the development of cancer.
for more such questions on papillomavirus
https://brainly.com/question/13469000
#SPJ11
if a transmembrane protein is synthesized with its n-terminal facing the er lumen and its c-terminal facing the cytoplasm, when the protein reaches the plasma membrane will the n-terminal be facing the extracellular space?
Yes, if a transmembrane protein is synthesized with its N-terminal facing the ER lumen and its C-terminal facing the cytoplasm, the N-terminal will be facing the extracellular space when the protein reaches the plasma membrane.
This is because during the process of protein maturation and trafficking, the transmembrane protein is inserted into the membrane with its N-terminal facing the extracellular space and its C-terminal facing the cytoplasm. This orientation is determined by specific signals within the protein sequence, which guide the protein to the correct location in the cell and ensure that it is correctly inserted into the membrane.
Learn more about transmembrane protein
https://brainly.com/question/30713369
#SPJ4
PLS HELP ME!!! THIS IS DUE TODAY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Use the Punnett square below to answer the following questions
R = round seeds; r = wrinkled seeds; Y = yellow seeds; y = green seeds
Predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the three possible gamete combinations labeled A, B, and C in the Punnett square. Be sure to describe the seed color and shape.
A. B. C.
Punnett squares are used to get the probability of getting certain genotypes and phenotypes from a cross. A) RRYY. B) RRyy. C) RrYy
What is a Punnett square?The Punnett square is a graphic representation that shows the different types of gamete combinations according to the alleles involved in a cross.
Punnett square shows the probabilities of getting offspring with different genotypes and their consequent phenotypes.
In the exposed example,
R = round seeds; r = wrinkled seeds; Y = yellow seeds; y = green seedsPunnett square
RY Ry rY ry
RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy
Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy
rY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy
ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy
F1) Genotype
1/16 RRYY2/16 RRYy1/16 RRyy2/16 RrYY4/16 RrYy2/16 Rryy1/16 rrYY2/16 rrYy1/16 rryy
Phenotype
9/16 round and yellow seeds, R-Y-3/16 round and green seeds, R-yy3/16 wrinkled and yellow seeds, rrY-1/16 wrinkled and green seeds, rryyA) RRYY
B) RRyy
C) RrYy
You can learn more about punnett squares at
https://brainly.com/question/27984422
#SPJ1
susceptibility testing performed on quality control organisms using a new media lot number yielded zone sizes that were too large for all antibiotics tested. the testing was repeated using media from a previously used lot number, and all zone sizes were acceptable. the unacceptable zone sizes are best explained by the:
The unacceptable zone sizes observed in the susceptibility testing performed on quality control organisms using a new media lot number are likely due to inconsistencies or variations in the media composition. Media quality is critical in antibiotic susceptibility testing, as it can directly impact the results and interpretations.
When the testing was repeated using media from a previously used lot number, and all zone sizes were acceptable, it indicates that the issue lies with the new media lot number.
Factors that could contribute to the larger zone sizes in the new media lot include differences in the media's pH, nutrient content, or agar concentration. These factors can affect the diffusion of antibiotics through the media and subsequently alter the zone sizes observed.
In this scenario, the best course of action would be to report the issue to the media manufacturer, as it may represent a quality control problem with that specific lot.
Additionally, performing further quality control tests with different media lots can help to determine if the issue is isolated to a single lot or if it is more widespread. Ensuring that the media used in susceptibility testing is consistent and reliable is essential for obtaining accurate and reproducible results.
For more such questions on antibiotic susceptibility testing, click on:
https://brainly.com/question/23858091
#SPJ11
Which of the following describes research that would be considered basic science?
The following describes research that would be considered basic science : b. A college student curious about the growth of desert plants in the presence of excess amounts of water.
What is meant by basic science?Basic science is an area of research that seeks to increase our understanding of fundamental principles of nature and universe. It is driven by curiosity and the desire to expand knowledge, rather than by practical considerations.
Basic science is conducted in laboratory settings, and research findings are used to inform future applied research. Basic science is essential for gathering actual data to strengthen the scientific record.
To know more about basic science, refer
https://brainly.com/question/497515
#SPJ1
Note: The question given on the portal is incomplete. Here is the complete question.
Question: Which of the following describes research that would be considered basic science? a. a farmer is trying to improve his crop yields by using a new kind of fertilizer. b. a college student is curious about the growth of desert plants in the presence of excess amounts of water. c. government officials are trying to prevent the spread of a new strain of influenza virus. d. a doctor is trying to determine why a patient is feeling tired and sick.
A scientist was studying a population of mice. In mice, the brown allele (B) has complete dominance over the white allele (b). There were 1000 mice in the population. Of these mice, 840 had brown fur and 160 had white fur. Feel free to use your notes/equations from the review to help you with this problem. What is the frequency of the recessive allele? What is the frequency of the dominant allele?
q= 0.4, p= 0.6
q= 0.6 , p= o.4
q= 0.16, p=.36
q= .36,p= 0.16
the final pattern you wish to obtain expresses the uasg-gfp construct only in cell c2. how will you drive uasg-gfp expression specifically in cell c2? for each regulatory dna construct, decide if it should express gal4, gal80, or not be used in order to produce the desired pattern.
Use a C2-specific regulatory DNA construct to express GAL4, a construct active in all cells except C2 to express GAL80, and the UASG-GFP construct. This setup will result in the expression of GFP only in cell C2, achieving the final desired pattern.
To drive the UASG-GFP expression specifically in cell C2, you would need to use a combination of the GAL4 and GAL80 systems. GAL4 is a transcription activator, while GAL80 is a repressor of GAL4 activity.
To achieve the desired pattern, follow these steps:
Identify a regulatory DNA construct (promoter) that is specific to cell C2. This construct should express GAL4. By having a C2-specific promoter, you ensure that GAL4 is only expressed in cell C2.
Find another regulatory DNA construct (promoter) that is active in all cells except cell C2. This construct should express GAL80. GAL80 will repress GAL4 activity in all cells, except for cell C2 where it is not expressed.
Introduce the UASG-GFP construct into the system. The GAL4 expressed specifically in cell C2 will bind to the UASG region and activate GFP expression.
For more such questions on DNA, click on:
https://brainly.com/question/28406985
#SPJ11
Pls help me
A wetland area is a fully functioning ecosystem that contains a diversity of plant, insect, and animal populations. Which of the following ecosystem services does this wetland most likely provide? (3 points)
1. Clean water
II. Nutrient control
III. Soil preservation
I only
l, ll and lll
Il and lll only
Ill only
Wetlands are important features in the landscape that provide numerous beneficial services for people and for fish and wildlife. Some of these services, or functions, include protecting and improving water quality, providing fish and wildlife habitats, storing floodwaters and maintaining surface water flow during dry periods. These valuable functions are the result of the unique natural characteristics of wetlands.
See the Wetland Factsheet Series for more information about wetlands.
Make a Slogan related to Organ Systems: Reproductive system or endocrine system or nervouse system (pick one )– roles, functions and regulation in our body.
need answer pls
Growth, fertility, and metabolism are just a few of the many facets of human behaviour that the endocrine system and nervous system jointly control. Additionally, the endocrine system is crucial to feelings.
The hormonal nervous and reproductive system: what is it?Hormones are secreted into the blood and other bodily substances by the endocrine system. These substances are crucial for metabolism, growth, mineral and water equilibrium, and stress reaction. Hormones give the brain input to influence neural processing. The nervous system's growth is impacted by reproductive hormones.
What component is referred to as the nervous system?A brain, spinal cord, or a sophisticated neural network are all parts of the nervous system. The brain as well as the body are communicated with via this mechanism. All bodily processes are managed by the brain. From the brain, the spinal nerve descends through the back.
To know more about endocrine visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29771202
#SPJ1
blood test are only for measuring the number of red blood cells a person has. group of answer choices true false
Blood tests are solely used to count a person's red blood cells. True. A complete blood count frequently includes a red blood cell count (CBC).
This implies that additional blood constituents are also measured. White blood cells, your hemoglobin level, and platelets are a few of them. A blood test called an RBC count counts the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in your body. Hemoglobin, an oxygen-carrying protein, is present in RBCs.
The term "mean corpuscular volume" (MCV) refers. The average size of your red blood cells is determined by an MCV blood test. Every cell in your body receives oxygen from your lungs through red blood cells. To develop, reproduce, and maintain health, your cells require oxygen.
Learn more about blood test Visit: brainly.com/question/30557802
#SPJ4
which of the following statements applies to all frameshift mutations? group of answer choices they change the amino acid sequence downstream from the mutant site. they cause the insertion or deletion of a single amino acid from the polypeptide chain. they create a premature stop codon at the site of mutation. they result in colon cancer.
The statement applicable for all the frameshift mutations is: (1) they change the amino acid sequence downstream from the mutant site.
Frameshift mutations are the ones where insertion or deletion of nucleotide occurs. This is therefore also called indel mutations. The indel can cause change in the reading frame of the sequence because the amino acid sequence changes entirely.
Amino acids are the organic compounds that are required by the living body for various functions. Th amino acids act as the monomers for the synthesis of proteins. Inside the living body, 20 different amino acids are involved in protein synthesis.
Therefore the correct answer is option 1.
To know more about amino acids, here
brainly.com/question/15687833
#SPJ4
what do you predict would happen in these new areas to the frequency of alleles controlling the colorful coral-snake-like pattern in scarlet kingsnakes as a result of this event and continued natural selection? the frequency of the alleles would decrease in this part of the kingsnake's range it is not possible to predict what would happen based upon prior evidence
The frequency of alleles controlling the colorful coral-snake-like pattern in scarlet kingsnakes. The frequency of alleles controlling a particular trait can change in response to various factors, including natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation.
If there was a strong selective pressure against the coral-snake-like pattern in scarlet kingsnakes in these new areas, such as predators avoiding them due to their resemblance to venomous snakes, then the frequency of the alleles controlling the pattern may decrease over time through natural selection. If the coral-snake-like pattern provided some adaptive advantage, such as camouflage or warning coloration, then the frequency of these alleles may increase over time through natural selection.
It is also possible that genetic drift or gene flow may play a role in altering the frequency of these alleles in the new areas. Genetic drift occurs when chance events cause random fluctuations in allele frequencies, while gene flow occurs when individuals migrate between populations, potentially introducing new alleles or altering the frequency of existing ones.
To know more about coral-snake
https://brainly.com/question/13003615
#SPJ4
bacteria that can live in your stomach are select one: a. alkaliphiles. b. psychrophiles. c. acidophiles. d. thermophiles.
Bacteria that can live in your stomach are acidophiles.
C is the correct answer.
Microorganisms known as acidophiles thrive in extremely acidic habitats. These come in two varieties. Extreme acidophiles live in habitats with pH values below 3, while moderate acidophiles thrive in environments with pH values between 3 and 5.
Examples of acidophiles include the bacterial species Thiobacillus acidophilus, the eukaryotic species Vorticella, and the organisms Crenarchaeota. (a type of archaea).
They are used in the bioremediation procedure used on locations with acid mine drainage. They are helpful in biomining as well.
To know more about Acidophiles visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30599422
#SPJ4
which of the following is not true of collecting a pediatric urine specimen? the bag is sealed and sent to the lab for testing. the bag is sealed and sent to the lab for testing. the adhesive opening must surround the urethra. the adhesive opening must surround the urethra. the perineal area needs to be cleansed before collecting the sample. the perineal area needs to be cleansed before collecting the sample. if a 24-hour specimen is needed, empty the bag into a 24-hour specimen container and attach a new bag.
The statement which is not true of collecting a pediatric urine sample is option A: the bag is sealed and sent to the lab for testing.
Using a sterile, plastic urine collection bag with a hypoallergenic skin adhesive is the proper approach to collect a kid urine sample. Before taking the sample, the perineal area needs to be thoroughly cleaned. The urethra must be encircled by the adhesive opening. Empty the bag into a 24-hour specimen container if one is required, then fasten a new bag.
A laboratory test called a 24-hour urine collection is performed to evaluate the amount of urine in a sample and assess kidney function. A 24-hour urine collection often goes like this: One or more containers will be provided to you so that you can collect and store your urine. Usually, a brown plastic container is utilised. To collect the urine, a unique pan that fits in a urinal or toilet might be employed.
To know more about urine collection, refer:
https://brainly.com/question/14282995
#SPJ4
Correct question is:
which of the following is not true of collecting a pediatric urine specimen?
the bag is sealed and sent to the lab for testing.
the adhesive opening must surround the urethra.
the perineal area needs to be cleansed before collecting the sample.
if a 24-hour specimen is needed, empty the bag into a 24-hour specimen container and attach a new bag.
which of the following statements is true of brain development? question 4 options: the spinal cord and brain stem grow fastest during the first year of life. the cerebellum experiences the least development in the first two years of life. the brain reaches its complete adult size by the end of gestation. the regions of the cerebral cortex that govern vision, hearing, and other sensory information grow rapidly in the first few months after birth and are mature by 6 months.
When the brain more than doubles in size in the first year, brain growth is particularly quick. A baby's brain doubles in size throughout the first year of life, during which it grows quickly. Hence (a) is the correct option.
Average adult brain size is around one-fourth the size of the average baby's brain at birth. Incredible to say, it grows by a factor of two in the first year. By the time it reaches the ages of 3 and 5, it will have grown to a size that is almost 80% of that of an adult. The human body's central processing unit is the brain. The brain grows quickly beginning before birth and continuing throughout early infancy, which is one of the key causes.
To know more about brain growth, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/29434721
#SPJ4
which of the following statements is true of brain development? question 4 options:
a. the spinal cord and brain stem grow fastest during the first year of life.
b. the cerebellum experiences the least development in the first two years of life.
c. the brain reaches its complete adult size by the end of gestation.
d. the regions of the cerebral cortex that govern vision, hearing, and other sensory information grow rapidly in the first few months after birth and are mature by 6 months.
which of the following is most likely to result in a nonfunctional polypeptide? group of answer choices a silent mutation a missense mutation a nonsense mutation a transition mutation
A nonsense mutation is most likely to result in a nonfunctional polypeptide.
In genetics, a nonsense mutation is a point mutation in a DNA sequence that causes an early stop codon, or nonsense codon, in the transcribed mRNA and causes a shortened, incomplete, and nonfunctional protein product. The functional impact of a nonsense mutation relies on a variety of factors, including the placement of the stop codon within the coding DNA. Nonsense mutations are not necessarily deleterious.
For instance, the outcome of a nonsense mutation relies on the distance between the nonsense mutation and the original stop codon as well as the degree to which the protein's functional subdomains are impacted. Chain termination mutations are sometimes known as nonsense mutations because they cause polypeptide chains to end prematurely.
To know more about nonsense mutation click here:
https://brainly.com/question/29188459
#SPJ4
in mountainous areas of western north america, which type of plant life would you expect to find on a southern-slope of a mountain? * 5 points a) drought-tolerant plants b) coniferous pine trees c) broadleaf woody trees d) cone-bearing trees
Drought-tolerant plants may also be found on southern slopes of mountains in western North America, but coniferous pine trees are the most likely type of plant life to be found there. Option A.
Coniferous trees are trees that produce cones and needles rather than flowers and leaves. They are also known as evergreens because they retain their needles year-round. Conifers are typically found in cooler climates, such as mountainous regions or higher latitudes.What is a southern slope of a mountain.
A southern slope of a mountain is a slope that is exposed to the sun for the majority of the day. This can cause the slope to be warmer and drier than the other side of the mountain, which can affect the types of plant life that are able to grow there. Option A.
for more such questions on Drought-tolerant plants
https://brainly.com/question/9193105
#SPJ11
compose a four to five-sentence paragraph that contrasts the circulatory systems of a fish and an amphibian.
Fish and amphibians are two groups of animals with different circulatory systems. Fish have a single-loop circulatory system, where the heart pumps blood in one direction through the gills to the body and then back to the heart. This system is efficient for extracting oxygen from water. In contrast, amphibians have a double-loop circulatory system, with a three-chambered heart that separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. This allows amphibians to breathe through their lungs and skin, and to live both in water and on land. Despite these differences, both fish and amphibians rely on their circulatory systems to deliver oxygen and nutrients to their cells and remove waste products.
Which of the following is likely to have occurred during differentiation of an un specialized cell into a sperm cell?
Histone acetylation of the gene responsible for the production of enzymes within the acrosome is likely to have occurred during the differentiation of an unspecialized cell into a sperm cell.
What is Histone acetylation?Histone acetylation is described aas a process that can lead to increased gene expression, which is necessary for the production of enzymes within the acrosome of a sperm cell.
Less frequently happens during the differentiation of an unspecialized cell into a sperm cell, including methylation of the gene responsible for the creation of the sperm tail and demethylation of the gene producing cortical granules.
It is also unlikely that the active site will be deleted during splicing of the acrosome proteins' pre-mRNA because the active site is necessary for the acrosome's enzymes to operate.
Learn more about Histone acetylation at: https://brainly.com/question/14894619
#SPJ1
in a human pedigree that traces the inheritance of sickle cell disease, a half-filled circle represents a:
For any attribute on the X chromosome, a female can have either a homozygous or heterozygous distribution of genes. The full sign depicts the diseased person's human pedigree, which is an autosomal recessive type. Hence (d) is the correct option,
In a pedigree, a circle represents a female and a square a man. Each affected male or female is represented by a coloured circle or square. A half-filled square denotes a heterozygous male for the characteristic, and a half-filled circle denotes a heterozygous female for the illness allele or alleles. These heterozygous people are referred to as disease allele or trait carriers.
To know more about heterozygous, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/3712307
#SPJ4
In a human pedigree that traces the inheritance of sickle cell disease, a filled circle represents a:
A) male with the disease.
B) female with the disease.
C) heterozygous male.
D) heterozygous female.
which condition below would inhibit a cell from beginning division? responses abundant nutrients abundant nutrients crowding of cells crowding of cells excess hgh leading to larger cells
A condition that would inhibit a cell from beginning division is the crowding of cells.
The correct answer is crowding of cells.
In a high-density cellular environment, cells come into contact with each other, which can trigger contact inhibition, a regulatory mechanism that prevents cells from dividing when they are too close to each other. This process helps maintain the balance between cell proliferation and cell death, ensuring that tissues and organs maintain their appropriate size and function.
Abundant nutrients, on the other hand, generally promote cell growth and division. Cells require sufficient amounts of nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, and vitamins, to provide the energy and building blocks needed for cell growth and division. When nutrients are abundant, cells can undergo a series of metabolic reactions that ultimately lead to cell division.
Excess human growth hormone (HGH) can lead to larger cells, but it does not directly inhibit cell division. HGH can influence cell growth and metabolism, promoting the synthesis of proteins and other cellular components.
However, its effect on cell division is complex and can depend on various factors, such as the specific cell type, the presence of other signaling molecules, and the overall physiological state of the organism.
For more such questions on cell, click on:
https://brainly.com/question/28215678
#SPJ11
do you think light interacts with matter in the same ways as mechanical waves
Answer:
No, light does not interact with matter in the same ways as mechanical waves. Mechanical waves require a medium to propagate, whereas light can travel through a vacuum since it is an electromagnetic wave. Additionally, mechanical waves can be diffracted and undergo interference, while light exhibits both wave-like and particle-like behavior, including phenomena such as diffraction, interference, and the photoelectric effect. Light also has a different speed from mechanical waves, with light traveling at a constant speed of 299,792,458 meters per second in a vacuum, while the speed of mechanical waves depends on the properties of the medium through which they travel.
a person with blood type ab has a baby with a person who also has type ab blood. using a punnett square, what is the likelihood of an offspring having type a blood?
The correct answer is 0% likelihood of an offspring having type A blood.
The given blood types of parents are AB. Therefore, the genotypes of both the parents are IaIb, as AB blood type is co-dominant.The Punnett square of blood type AB parents can be created as follows:
From the above Punnett square, it is clear that all the possible offspring would have AB blood type because both the parents have Ia and Ib alleles.
None of the offspring will have type A or B blood type because they do not have the homozygous IAIA or IBIB alleles for type A or type B, respectively.
Therefore, the likelihood of an offspring having type A blood is 0% because there are no offspring in the Punnett square with an IA allele which is required for type A blood.
for more such questions on offspring :
https://brainly.com/question/471576
#SPJ11
Please could someone tell me how to get full marks on this question?
Answer:
exercise increase breathing rate because when we are exercise our body need more oxygen than before. It is easy to check 1. do any exercise especially cardiovascular exercise without eating anything 2. during exercise your body will suffer shortage of oxygen. Then you will start breathing fast and deeply. By this means your breathing rate will be increase. I hope it will be help you
Describe, fully, how you could use a microscope to observe some blood cells.
Answer:
Place a drop of blood onto a microscope slide. Add a drop of stain to the blood to make the cells easier to see. Carefully place a coverslip over the drop of blood. Sliding it slightly along the microscope slide will spread out the blood cells making them easier to see.
Answer:
To observe blood cells using a microscope, you will need a microscope, microscope slide, cover slip, a sample of blood, and a dropper.
First, clean the microscope slide and cover slip with a cleaning solution and let them dry.Next, use a dropper to place a small drop of blood in the center of the slide.Place the cover slip over the blood drop carefully, ensuring there are no air bubbles.Place the slide on the microscope stage and secure it with the clips.Turn on the microscope and adjust the objective lens to the lowest magnification.Use the coarse adjustment knob to bring the blood cells into focus.Once you have located the blood cells, you can increase the magnification by adjusting the objective lens to a higher magnification.Observe the blood cells under the microscope and take note of their shape, size, and color.To get a better view of the blood cells, you can adjust the focus using the fine adjustment knob.Once you have finished observing the blood cells, turn off the microscope and remove the slide.
if o~e molecule of glucose undergoes all the glycolytic reactions upto 3-phosphoglycerate, then stops because the phosphoglycerate mutase enzyme is inhibited (so stops after step 7), what is the net amount of atp used/produced upto this point? [hint: subtract atps used and add atps produced.]
If one molecule of glucose undergoes all the glycolytic reactions up to 3-phosphoglycerate but stops because the phosphoglycerate mutase enzyme is inhibited, the net amount of ATP used/produced up to this point is a net production of 2 ATP molecules.
Glycolytic reactions step-by-step explanation:
Step 1: Glucose is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate, consuming 1 ATP.
Step 2: Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-6-phosphate.
Step 3: Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, consuming another ATP.
Step 4: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved into two molecules: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
Step 5: Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
Step 6: Each glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, generating 2 ATPs (1 for each molecule).
Step 7: Each 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate, generating 2 more ATPs (1 for each molecule).
Now, let's calculate the net amount of ATP used/produced:
- 2 ATPs consumed in steps 1 and 3.
+ 4 ATPs produced in steps 6 and 7.
Net ATP: 4 - 2 = 2 ATPs.
So, the net amount of ATP used/produced up to this point is 2 ATPs.
Learn more about glycolytic reactions here:
brainly.com/question/31096392
#SPJ11
Peppered moths evolved due to a change in the environment in order to survive the moths had to be the same color of the environment what choice represents the correct variation adaption and environmental change
The variation is the size of the moths, the adaptation is having a larger size, and the environment that caused it was darker trees.
The variation is the color of the moths, the adaptation is having a dark color, and the environment that caused it was lighter trees.
The variation is the color of the moths, the adaptation is having a dark color, and the environment that caused it was darker trees
The variation is the color of the moths, the adaptation is having a dark color, and the environment that caused it was taller trees.
Answer:
The variation is the color of the moths, the adaptation is having a dark color, and the environment that caused it was darker trees.
Explanation:
The variation was the color because they changed color. They would adapt and have a darker color if the environment became a darker color.
Why doesn’t the Antibodies in Lyme Disease Antigens (orange line) decrease after the first immune response, compared to non-Lyme Disease Antigens (blue line)?
The bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease, enters humans through the bite of an infected tick.
Why, in contrast to non-Lyme Disease Antigens, do the Antibodies in Lyme Disease Antigens not decline after the initial immune response?The production of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi is a component of the immune response to the bacterium. However, unlike many other infectious diseases, after the initial immune response, the antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi do not diminish.This is due to the ability of Borrelia burgdorferi to alter the surface proteins that are the targets of the antibodies. As a result, the bacterium can continue to infect people while evading the immune system. As a result, the immune system has to continually make fresh antibodies to keep up with the bacterium's evolving surface proteins. Antigenic variation is the term for this phenomenon, which is a common tactic employed by many pathogens to avoid detection by the immune system.
To Know more about Bacterium Visit:
brainly.com/question/30500074
#SPJ1