Pre-pro-insulin is a protein that is 110 amino acids long. 250 peptide bonds are needed to make this protein.
What is Preproinsulin?Preproinsulin is used to start the manufacture of insulin in pancreatic beta cells. Prevalence glucose levels, which fluctuate pre- and post-prandially, have a significant dynamic effect on preproinsulin production. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocation apparatus components linked to successful orientation of the signal peptide, translocation, and signal peptide cleavage of preproinsulin — all of which are required to start the pathway of proper proinsulin folding — accompany upregulated translation of the insulin precursor. It is remarkable that the efficiency of folding (or "foldability") of proinsulin has been retained due to evolutionary constraints on its basic structure, which are separate from those preserving the biological function of insulin.
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which feature is not found in the chordate lineage? group of answer choices bilateral symmetry pharyngeal slits at some stage during development a dorsal hollow nerve cord a notochord at some stage during development an external skeleton
The feature that is not found in chordate lineage is external skeleton. The correct option is D.
What is chordates?A chordate is a organism of the Chordata phylum. All chordates bear five synapomorphies, or main characteristics, that varies them from all other taxa at certain point in their larval or adulthood stages.
The chordate lineage encompasses features such as bilateral symmetry, the occurrence of a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits at some stage of development, along with a notochord at certain stage of their development.
An external skeleton, on the other hand, is not one of these classification features. Chordates typically involve an internal skeleton.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that causes deterioration of the muscles. it is seen almost exclusively in boys born to unaffected parents and usually results in death in the early teens.
Recessive; if muscular dystrophy were dominant, would affect one parent of a child born with disorder. disorder's inheritance is sex-linked because seen only in boys. For girl to have disorder, she would have to inherit recessive alleles from both parents. would be rare, since males with recessive allele on X chromosome die in their early teens
A rare form of the condition known as pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy frequently develops into severe handicap within a few years after onset, is more prevalent in boys, and starts before puberty. The other types of dystrophies typically start in youth or early adulthood and affect both men and women equally.
The complete question is,
Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that causes gradual deterioration of the muscles. It is seen almost exclusively in boys born to apparently unaffected parents and usually results in death in the early teens. Is this disorder caused by a dominant or a recessive allele? Is its inheritance sex-linked or autosomal? How do you know? Explain why this disorder is almost never seen in girls.
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Deanna wanted to test the idea that eating carrots improves a person's ability to see at night. She
asked ten people to eat one carrot a day for a month, and asked ten other people to eat no carrots
for a month. She then tested their night vision.
Who is the experimental group in this experiment?
a. Deanna.
b. There was no experimental group.
C. The ten people who ate carrots.
d. The ten people who did not eat carrots.
Answer: The ten who ate carrots, I believe.
Explanation: Hope this helps!
quality of life outcome in revision rhinoplasty in regards to number of revision surgeries and cartilage donor site.
Revision rhinoplasty complements the exceptional of lifestyles in terms of health.
In terms of graft fabric, there are not any postoperative versions in ROE- or nostril rankings (ear- as opposed to septal cartilage). Postoperatively, each subgroups show exceedingly better ratings.
Sixty-four people were prospectively enrolled in this trial, 53 (82.8%) woman and 11 (17.2%) male. The donor web page for revision surgical operation became septal cartilage in forty one (sixty four.1%) instances and ear cartilage in 23 (35.9%) of sufferers. In contrast to patients who had simplest had one prior operation, patients with more than one surgical procedures (n=18) had decrease preoperative ROE ratings (28.2 12.eight). however the exchange wasn't simply that large (p=zero.06). Even after surgical procedure, this subgroup persisted to noticeably enhance (ROE-postop 61.9 24.2; p0.05). Following surgery, the ROE and nose scores of each cohorts (septal cartilage and ear cartilage) significantly increased, indicating an improvement in health-associated first-class of life. concerning the cartilage donor site in revision surgical treatment, we have been not able to perceive massive changes in postoperative health-related pleasant of existence.To learn more about rhinoplasty here:-
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chloroplasts and mitochondria share a common trait with the nucleus that the other organelles do not. what is this shared characteristic?
The shared characters of Mitochondria and Chloroplast with Nucleus is that the both cell organelle are having double membrane, own DNA, and involve in energy production.
Organelles bound by a double membrane include the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells. A eukaryotic nucleus is made up of the nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope (NE), nuclear lamina, and nucleolus.
Nucleoplasm- The protoplasm of a nucleus.
Nuclear Lamina- The inner nuclear membrane and the peripheral chromatin are both structures that are adjacent to the nuclear lamina. Lamins, which are also present in the nucleus, and proteins that link lamins make up this structure.
Nucleolus- A region composed of RNA and proteins that is found inside the nucleus of a cell and is where ribosomes are produced.
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in a study on germination of radish seeds, five beakers were set up containing equal numbers of seeds. the beakers
Five beakers with equal numbers of seeds each were set up for a study on the germination of radish seeds. The conditions listed in the table below were applied to the beakers.
Which of the following pairs of beakers' data should be compared in order to identify whether or not enzymes are required for germination?
We will learn about the importance of enzymes for germination from beakers 1 and 2. Hence, option A: beaker 1 and 2 is correct.
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msd2, an apoplastic mn-sod, contributes to root skotomorphogenic growth by modulating ros distribution in arabidopsis
The correct answer is because MSD2 an apoplastic regulates ROS distribution during root skotomorphogenesis it plays an important role in plant growth and development.
MSD2 expression in roots is light condition dependent, implying that MSD2 may influence ROS metabolism in roots during the light-to-dark transition. ROS distribution, which exhibits an opposite gradient of H2O2 and O2radical dot in etiolated msd2 mutants and is accompanied by changes in the onset of differentiation, governs root architecture. MSD2 is secreted and has SOD activity that can be inhibited by tyrosine 68 nitration. Although membrane-localized NADPH oxidases are well known for producing ROS during developmental and stress responses, the metabolic pathways of the superoxide (O2radical dot) produced by them in the apoplast are poorly understood, and the identity of the apoplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Arabidopsis is unknown.
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tilling-by-sequencing to decipher oil biosynthesis pathway in soybeans: a new and effective platform for high-throughput gene functional analysis
Reverse genetics is an experimental molecular genetics technique that enables researchers to understand how genes work by analyzing phenotypic changes brought on by the genetic engineering of particular nucleic acid sequences in cells or organisms (within DNA or RNA).
How reverse genetics are used for crops?Reverse genetic methods have been widely used to study the function of genes in crop species, but because of the complexity of the soybean genome, the existence of multiple gene families, and the duplication of genes, these methods, including gel-based TILLING, are not very effective at characterizing the genes in this plant. Chemical mutagenesis is now being used to create large-scale soybean mutants for the enhancement of economically significant features. The method offers an unmatched platform for functional gene research and very efficient polyploid mutant population screening. The obtained soybean mutants from this work can be applied in upcoming breeding efforts for soybeans to improve features related to oil composition.Learn more about the Reverse genetics with the help of the given link:
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a scan of sam’s genome for the 100 most common mutations known to cause rp didn’t find anything. how can you explain this result?
a scan of sam’s genome for the 100 most common mutations known to cause rp didn’t find anything. as He either doesn't have the RP(Retina Pigmentosa) gene or the RP gene has changed.
Retina Pigmentosa, also known as RP, is an inherited eye condition. Degenerative in nature, the illness causes the sufferer to gradually lose his vision. It typically begins as night blindness and can progress to complete blindness.
The majority of instances of Retina Pigmentosa illness are caused by mutations in both the RPGR and RP2 genes, which are in charge of the structure and operation of light-reception in the eye.
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PLS HELP 100 PTS!
The term "dirty snowball" is a pretty good description of what type of object?
A. moon
B. asteroid
C. Sun
D. comet
E. all of the above
Answer: The sun
Hope this helps
although monosaccharides can exist in linear form virtually all cellular monosaccharides are found in circular form
It is true that monosaccharides can be exist in the linear form that virtually all the cellular monosaccharides are be found in the circular form
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they conform to be the general chemical formula of (CH2O)x and are termed as simple sugars. The most commonly occurring monosaccharides that contain three to six carbon atoms are in an unbranched the single-bonded chain. the Monosaccharides are the signified by the suffix -ose.
The three of the most common monosaccharides are the glucose, fructose, and the galactose. In addition to these three are sugars, the monosaccharide are category they also includes the sugar and alcohols and the pentoses.
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Fill in the missing levels of organization in living things from smallest to largest: cell, __________, organ, _______________, organism
The appropriate response is -.
1. Tissue
2. Organ system
The complexity of life has evolved from simplicity, as seen by the organization of living things.
A cell, which is thought of as the smallest unit of life, is what makes up a living thing. The cell gathers and organizes to form tissues that carry out comparable functions. The organs that are created from this tissue are specialized to carry out coordinated duties. The organ system that results from this specialization creates an organism.
Therefore, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere are the levels, going from smallest to largest.
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If a genetic disease is caused by the inability to produce a certain protein the most likely cause comes from a blank in the dna sequence
Answer: mutation
Explanation:
mutations can cause things in the cell to be distorted or missing
The fossil record helps scientists describe life only in the seas and other bodies of water.
The geological time scale refers to the chronological order of all significant occurrences, such as the emergence of life and the development of rocks, beginning with the earth's formation and ending with the most recent geological period.
This time scale was created using index fossils in conjunction with the examination of rock layers that have been discovered on Earth. These fossils were existent for a very brief period of time and are geographically widely dispersed.
When the planet first began to form, during the Precambrian period, it underwent a complex geological process that resulted in the formation of different core, mantle, and crustal rocks.
It covers roughly 85–90% of the history of the planet and includes the eons known as the Haden, Archean, and Proterozoic, which range in age from about 4.6 billion years to 540 million years.
Theropod dinosaurs lived in the Jurassic period, which is when birds first appeared. The birds of today descended from that ancestor.
The most recent era, or Cenozoic, dates from roughly 65 million years ago to the present. Numerous species have evolved throughout this time period, and humans have also initially appeared during this period.
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So first I have to write on the bottom so it say I have to write an explanation about why my activity was scientific and I have to put which field of study my activity most closely connects with. you I must have 5 sentences in my explanation.
These are the fields of study:
Environmental science
Biology
Chemistry
Physical properties of matter
Gravity and forces
Newton’s law
Geology
Energy
Astrology
Technology
Engineering
Oceanography
Meteorology
Its activity was scientific because it allowed the visualization of elements of nature that occur and are explained through science.
What areas of study apply to this activity?Environmental science.Biology.Oceanography.Environmental science can be seen when you and your family observe elements of nature during the trip, such as the environment around you and the beings that make it up such as plants, animals, the wind, and the sun, among others.
This also allows you to see biological elements, as most of the activities took place in contact with outdoor environments that have many biological resources.
Finally, you say that you were observing the waves in the ocean and this is directly related to oceanography, which studies how the movement of the ocean can form waves.
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If any would be so kind to please any question ASAP. Thanks
Answer:
Explanation:
ASAP
consider a population of birds where three phenotypes exist. red birds leave 10 offspring in the next generation, reddish orange birds leave 8 offspring, and orange birds leave 2 offspring. based on this information, indicate whether the following statements are true or false
1. The relative fitness of red birds is 0.5. - False
2. The relative fitness of orange birds is 0.2. - True
3. The difference in fitness between red and reddish orange birds is 0.1. - False
4. The difference in fitness between reddish orange birds and orange birds is 0.6. - True
5. Natural selection would favor red birds over orange birds. - True
What is phenotype ?The term "phenotype" describes an organism's observable physical characteristics, such as its appearance, growth, and behaviour. The genotype, or collection of genes that an organism possesses, as well as environmental impacts on these genes, determine an organism's phenotype.
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ASAP What are the differences between the metric and English systems of measurement?
answer:
the metric system uses interchangeable latin prefixes to indicate the amount of unit being measured, multiples of ten are used as well, making things easier to convert.
the english system is based more on things used to measure units historically, making it more difficult to convert units.
a, matthews bg, et al. inhibition of leukemia cell engraftment and disease progression in mice by osteoblasts. blood 2014;12
Both in people and animals, acute myeloid leukemia reduces the number of osteoblasts.
A pharmaceutical approach to osteoblast restoration in leukemic mice decreases tumor burden across the board and lengthens survival.
According to theory, the bone marrow niche serves as a permissive microenvironment necessary for the genesis or development of hematopoietic malignancies. We proposed that leukemic blasts are influenced by osteoblasts, niche elements vital to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) activity.In mice models of acute leukemia, genetic osteoblast depletion increased the number of circulating blasts and tumor engraftment in the marrow and spleen, which raised tumor burden and decreased survival. Hematopoietic lineage/progression may have been altered since myelopoiesis rose, was accompanied by a decline in B lymphopoiesis, and was impaired by erythropoiesis.Osteoblast loss was prevented in mice with acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a pharmaceutical inhibitor of the manufacture of duodenal serotonin, a hormone that reduces the number of osteoblasts.Therefore, osteoblasts and leukemia are related.
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hemispheric specialization is known as: please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices plasticity. myelination. lateralization. neurogenesis.
Hemispheric specialization is a biological term also known as lateralization.
What does hemispheric specialization mean?The expression hemispheric specialization makes reference to the process differentiation in different functions performed by the cerebral hemispheres, which include the right brain hemisphere and left-right brain hemisphere.
In conclusion, hemispheric specialization is a biological term also known as lateralization.
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A channel protein, but not a carrier protein, can exist in a open configuration creating a pore through a membrane. True or false?.
The given statement is true.
On one side of the membrane, carrier proteins bind to molecules or ions and release them on the opposite side.In order to allow target molecules or ions to diffusely pass through the membrane without interfering with one another, channel proteins make holes/pores that permeate the membrane.The specific solute to be transported is bound by carrier proteins (also known as carriers, permeases, or transporters), which then go through a series of conformational changes to move the bound solute across the membrane.In contrast, channel proteins have significantly weaker interactions with the solute being conveyed.While some channel proteins are always open, others are "gated," which means that they respond to a specific stimulus to either open or close the channel (like an electrical signal or the binding of a molecule).Transport proteins known as channel proteins contain a hydrophilic channel via which specific molecules or ions can pass across the membrane (Ex: aquaporins for water). Transport proteins known as carrier proteins bind to molecules and modify their structure to move them across the membrane.Learn more about channel protein here:
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When viewing protists in this lab, applying a drop of __________ may be necessary to slow the movement of the organisms so they are more easily viewed.
When viewing protists in this lab, applying a drop of methyl-cellulose may be necessary to slow the movement of the organisms so they are more easily viewed.
Methyl cellulose is used excessively in the lab for the preparation of slides for a number of reasons.
Methylcellulose helps to keep the cell shape and behavior intact. It also helps to slow the movement of cilia or flagella, hence slowing down the movement of organisms. Slowing down the movement as well as keeping it alive makes methyl cellulose an excellent choice for viewing organisms like protists.
Organisms, like protists, have the ability to move around at a fast rate due to the presence of ciliates. Hence, to study organisms such as protists, biologists need to slow down its movement.
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which provides long term energy storage
Answer: Glycogen
Explanation:
It provides long-term energy storage.
Further Explanation
Living organisms require energy in order to undertake their daily activities such as growth and development, locomotion, gaseous exchange, etc. To do so they obtain nutrients for short-term and long-term energy source.
Carbohydrates are the major energy source for living organisms, however, living organisms may use other sources of energy such as proteins or fats when carbohydrates is out of stock or not available.
Energy source in animals
Animals use simple carbohydrates such as glucose obtained from diet for short-term energy sources.
These simple carbohydrates may also be stored for future use in the form of glycogen, which makes glycogen a long-term energy source, to be used when need arises.
When glucose levels are low in the body hormones in the body trigger the breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
Other sources of energy such as proteins and fats are used when carbohydrates storage is depleted, for example during starvation.
Energy source in plants
In plants, on the other hand, simple carbohydrates are similarly used as a short term source of energy. Additionally, simple molecules such as glucose are stored in the form of starch for long-term source of energy for the plants.
Plants use nitrogen to make
62. green ds, kregting l, boots b. effects of cigarette butts on marine keystone species (ulva lactuca l. and mytilus edulis l.) and sediment microphytobenthos. marine pollution bulletin. 2021;165:112152.
Cigarette butts have had an effect on marine keystone species like Ulva Lactuca L. and Mytilus edulis L. and also sediment microphytobenthos.
What are the effects of cigarette butts on marine ecosystems?The development of U. Lactuca was unaffected by cigarette butts, while sediment chlorophyll content was significantly lower in mesocosms exposed to 0.25 and 1 butt L-1 of cellulose acetate butts.
Despite the continual replenishing of seawater, these effects persisted, demonstrating the danger that conventional cigarettes pose to marine life.
Therefore, cigarette butts have had an effect on marine keystone affected like Ulva Lactuca L. and Mytilus edulis L. and also sediment microphytobenthos.
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4.) imagine that you place two endothermic mammals, a mouse and an elephant, in a freezer and leave them there for an hour. which would have the most difficulty maintaining temperature homeostasis? explain your reasoning.
the mouse would have difficulty maintaining temperature homeostasis because it has a large surface area to volume ratio.
Homeostasis is any self-regulating manner by means of which an organism tends to hold stability whilst adjusting to stipulations that are nice for its survival. If homeostasis is successful, lifestyles continues; if it is unsuccessful, it results in a catastrophe or dying of the organism.
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compartments / body fluids (human): a) concentration of sodium in icf is higher than the concentration of sodium in ecf. b) most cells in the human body exchange nutrients and wastes with interstitial fluid. c) the two major intracellular fluid compartments are the interstitial fluid and the plasma. d) both a) and b) are correct, and c) is incorrect e) a), b) and c) are all correct
Human body weight is primarily composed of water (Fluid compartment), which ranges from about 75 percent in infants to about 50 to 60 percent in adults and as little as 45 percent in the elderly.
What is fluid compartment of human body?It is possible to think of body fluids as existing in a separate fluid compartment from other compartments that is substantially separated from them by some physical barrier. The system that comprises all fluid contained in cells by their plasma membranes is known as the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment. Every cell in the body is encircled by extracellular fluid (ECF). The two primary components of extracellular fluid are interstitial fluid (IF), which surrounds all cells not found in blood, and the fluid component of blood known as plasma.Learn more about the fluid compartment with the help of the given link:
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Identifya controversial environmental issue in your community that fits into one of the following three major categories: resource depletion, pollution, or loss of biodiversity. Discuss how the issue is being addressed and whether or not the conflicts associated with “the tragedy of the commons” are affecting solutions to the problems.
A controversial environmental issue in my community is river pollution. that the city's sewage goes to the river in the wrong way, with that all life in that river is improper, the conflicts associated with the "tragedy of the commons" are affecting the solutions to the problems, because companies want to continue throwing pollution in the rivers but the population wants.
What is river pollution?Polluted rivers are those springs that receive in their waters all kinds of polluting residues such as chemical, physical and biological agents. They are harmful to soil, fauna, flora and human activities. Freshwater sources are vital for humans, but they receive a large number of pollutants.
With this information, we can conclude that Rivers are polluted by the contamination of organic waste, including human and animal excretions, and agricultural waste resulting from plant decomposition.
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what does race hogs mean
Answer: to race the hogs means to be faster than time.
Explanation:
Explain what would happen if an organism were introduced to a chemical that inhabited ATP synthase.
If an organism was introduced to a chemical that inhibited ATP synthase, then it could not produce energy through the aerobic cellular respiration chemical pathways.
What is the ATP synthase enzyme?The ATP synthase is an enzyme (i.e. a protein) that uses the energy provided by a proton H+ gradient to synthesize ATP during cellular respiration, specifically during the last step of this series of chemical cellular respiration reactions called oxidative phosphorylation.
Adenosine triphosphate ATP is the main energy coin of the eukaryotic aerobic cells, which contain high phosphate energy bonds that are broken down during metabolic processes such are growth, differentiation in cells, etc. This molecule (ATP) is mainly generated by cellular respiration pathways
In conclusion, if an organism was introduced to a chemical that inhibited ATP synthase, then it could not produce energy through the aerobic cellular respiration chemical pathways.
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