Answer:
Before the Spanish-American War: I
Under Theodore Roosevelt: A
Early in World War I: I
Late in World War I: A
During the Great Depression: I
Explanation:
America was mostly isolationist before the Spanish-American War, which marked its emergence as a global power. Under Theodore Roosevelt, America became more active in world affairs, especially in Latin America and Asia. Early in World War I, America tried to stay neutral and avoid involvement in European conflicts. Late in World War I, America joined the war on the side of the Allies and played a decisive role in ending it. During the Great Depression, America retreated from international affairs and focused on domestic recovery.What is the minimum total number of representatives to congress a state must have including both the house and the senate?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 5
The minimum total number of representatives to Congress a state must have including both the House and the Senate is two.
The correct option is A.
Each state is guaranteed at least one representative in the House of Representatives, based on the population of the state, and two representatives in the Senate, regardless of the size of the population. Therefore, the minimum number of representatives in Congress for any state is two, one from the House of Representatives and one from the Senate.
The number of representatives in the House of Representatives per state can range from one to 53, depending on the population of the state. The number of Senators per state, however, is always two.
The correct option is A.
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In Louisiana, what must local government correspond to? Check all that apply.
1. Village customs
2. State laws
3. The state constitution
4. The US Constitution
5. Religious commandments
In Louisiana, the local government must correspond to state laws and the state constitution. The correct options are 2,3.
In Louisiana, the local government must correspond to state laws and the state constitution. The state of Louisiana has a system of local government that is established by its constitution and state laws. Local governments in Louisiana are organized into parishes, which are the equivalent of counties in other states.
The Louisiana Constitution lays out the framework for local government in the state, including the powers and responsibilities of parish governments and other local governing bodies.
It establishes the basic structure of local government, such as the parish council and parish president, and outlines the procedures for their election and appointment.
Local governments in Louisiana are also subject to state laws, which govern their operations and provide guidance on matters such as budgeting, taxation, and public services. The Louisiana Legislature has the power to pass laws that impact local governments, and state agencies are responsible for enforcing those laws and regulations.
It is worth noting that neither village customs nor religious commandments play a role in shaping local government in Louisiana. The US Constitution also plays a role in the governance of Louisiana, as it establishes the basic framework of the federal system and outlines the powers and limitations of the federal government.
However, local government in Louisiana is primarily guided by the state constitution and state laws.
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How did Progressive movement in South Carolina approach child labor differently than the Progressive movement nationwide?
The Progressive movement in South Carolina approached child labor differently than the Progressive movement nationwide by placing a greater emphasis on education and social reform.
While the national movement focused on legislative changes, such as limiting the working hours of children and enforcing minimum age requirements, the South Carolina Progressives aimed to address the root causes of child labor.
They believed that education was key to ending the cycle of poverty that drove children to work in dangerous and exploitative conditions. Additionally, they worked to improve social conditions, such as housing and healthcare, which contributed to the prevalence of child labor in the state.
Overall, the South Carolina Progressive movement sought to create long-lasting change through systemic reform rather than simply addressing the symptoms of child labor.
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Which of these events led to the United States entry into the Korean War?
A) The expansion of China into Korean territory following the communist takeover of China
B) The U. S. Desire to ensure that communist forces could not access nuclear weapons in Korea
C) The United Nations approving military action to stop North Korean from invading South Korean
D) The North Korean capture of U. S. Military bases and troops stationed on the Korean peninsula
The United Nations approving military action to stop North Korean from invading South Korea. (C)
This event led to the United States entry into the Korean War because the U.S. was a member of the United Nations and had committed to supporting the organization's efforts to maintain international peace and security.
In response to North Korea's invasion of South Korea in June 1950, the U.N. Security Council authorized military intervention by member states to repel the aggression.
The U.S. was one of the first countries to respond and contributed significantly to the U.N. forces that fought in the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. The conflict ultimately ended in a stalemate, but it demonstrated the U.S.'s commitment to containing the spread of communism during the Cold War.(C)
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Evaluate the extent to which the Vietnam War caused social unrest in the United States from 1964-1975
The Vietnam War caused social unrest in the United States from 1964-1975 in a massive way.
There was much opposition to the Involvement of the US in the Vietnam War, as it not just caused death but also social riots in the country.
The Vietnam War was a prolonged military conflict that involved a cold war between many countries.
The main reason for the war was a division of Vietnam and to gain power. The United States was involved in the war fully supporting southern Vietnam.
The war just not killed my US soldiers and troops but also created riots within the country. Many of them were not happy with the involvement of the US in the war.
The war experienced many campaigns and bombings.
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In 1956,the SuezCrisis threatened to ingnite a multinational war. Which number respesents the area in which this crisis tooj p look ace?
The Suez Crisis took place in area number 2, the Suez Canal Zone in Egypt.
The Suez Crisis occurred in 1956 when Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, which was previously controlled by Britain and France. This action led to an invasion by Israel, followed by Britain and France, with the goal of regaining control of the canal.
The crisis raised tensions between the involved nations and had the potential to ignite a multinational war. International pressure, mainly from the United States and the Soviet Union, eventually led to a ceasefire and the withdrawal of foreign troops.
The Suez Crisis highlighted the importance of the canal as a strategic location and resource, as well as the shifting balance of power during the Cold War era.
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Your reaction as a tourism professional if you have a colleague or customer who either accepts or does not accept it
As a tourism professional, my initial reaction to a colleague or customer's acceptance or non-acceptance of a particular issue would be to remain neutral and non-judgmental.
As a tourism professional, it is important to maintain a professional and respectful demeanour towards all colleagues and customers, regardless of their beliefs or opinions. Therefore, my initial reaction to a colleague or customer's acceptance or non-acceptance of a particular issue would be to remain neutral and non-judgmental.
If a colleague expresses acceptance or non-acceptance of an issue, such as a certain destination or activity, I would seek to understand their perspective and engage in constructive dialogue to gain insight into their reasoning. This can provide valuable insights and help foster mutual respect and understanding among colleagues.
When it comes to customers, I understand that everyone has different preferences and beliefs, and it is important to respect their choices. If a customer expresses acceptance or non-acceptance of a particular destination or activity, I would seek to understand their concerns and offer alternative options that may better suit their preferences.
It is also important to provide objective information to help customers make informed decisions about their travel choices.
Overall, as a tourism professional, my priority is to provide exceptional customer service and create positive travel experiences for all customers. This requires a respectful and understanding approach, even when faced with differences in opinions or beliefs.
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Which of the following is NOT an accomplishment of Lewis and Clark?
A.)They discovered the Northwest Passage through a series of river systems across the continent of North America.
B.)They traveled, collected plants, and mapped the northwest portion of the United States.
C.)They met a young woman named Sacajawea and eventually found her brother, who had become a chiff, who lent them horses.
D.)After more than a year and a half, they reached their goal - the blue waters of the Pacific Ocean.
They discovered the Northwest Passage through series of river systems across the continent of North America is not an accomplishment of Lewis and Clark.
What is a continent?A continent is a large and continuous landmass on the Earth's surface. There are seven continents in world, including Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and the Australia/Oceania. These continents are separated by oceans and seas, and each one has its own unique features, such as the climate, flora and the fauna, culture, and history. Continents are formed by tectonic activity, such as the movement of plates, and are constantly changing over time. They play a significant role in shaping the planet's climate, as well as providing habitats for millions of species, including humans. The study of continents and their features is an important field of geography and earth sciences.
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State agencies carry out both state and federal laws and regulations. It's true/false because:
State agencies carry out both state and federal laws and regulations, this statement is True.
State agencies are responsible for enforcing both state and federal laws and regulations within their jurisdiction. Each state has its own system of state agencies that are created by state legislatures to manage different areas of responsibility, such as environmental protection, education, transportation, public health, and public safety.
These state agencies are responsible for ensuring compliance with state laws and regulations, as well as implementing and enforcing federal laws and regulations that apply within the state. For example, the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) is a state agency that is responsible for enforcing state laws related to driver's licenses and vehicle registration, as well as federal laws related to motor vehicle safety and emissions standards.
The state health department is responsible for enforcing state health codes and regulations, as well as federal laws related to public health and safety, such as food safety and disease control. State agencies play a crucial role in enforcing both state and federal laws and regulations within their jurisdiction.
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According to Buddhist tradition, what do the Four Noble Truths describe? Suffering and how to overcome it O Dharma and the natural law O How the caste system is organized Medical knowledge and skills
According to Buddhist tradition, the Four Noble Truths describe the nature of suffering (dukkha) and path to its cessation.
What is tradition?Tradition refers to customs, beliefs, practices, and values passed down from generation to generation within a specific cultural or social group. It can include rituals, ceremonies, festivals, and other expressions of cultural identity that are deeply rooted in history and may have symbolic meanings. Traditions provide a sense of continuity and belonging to individuals and communities and help to reinforce social norms and values. They can also serve as a way to connect people across time and space, creating a shared sense of history and heritage. While traditions can be comforting and familiar, they can also evolve and change over time, reflecting shifting social, cultural, and political contexts.
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An example signal statement is
a.
Keep In mind.
C.
Both of these
b
want
you to understand...
d
None of these
Answer: C
Explanation: Its just C
If you were a member of the third estate of the french society in 1788, how would you react to the the existing system of the day?
Answer:
As a member of the third estate, I would be frustrated and angry with the existing system of the day because it was unjust and favored the nobility and clergy at our expense.
Explanation:
As a member of the third estate in 1788 France, I would likely be frustrated and disillusioned with the existing system.
The social structure, known as the Old Regime, placed the First Estate (clergy) and the Second Estate (nobility) above the Third Estate, which comprised the majority of the population, including peasants, merchants, and urban workers. This system led to unequal taxation and limited political representation for the Third Estate, resulting in economic hardship and a growing desire for change.
The third estate, which included the common people, merchants, and artisans, were burdened with heavy taxes and had little political power compared to the first and second estates. The system was unfair and unjust, with a small minority controlling the vast majority of resources and power. I would probably be advocating for reforms that would give more representation and rights to the third estate, and seeking to overthrow the existing system if necessary.
The French Revolution, which began the following year, was fueled in part by the grievances of the third estate and their desire for greater political and economic equality.
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When you buy a U.S government savings bond, you’re doing so under the power given to congress to?
Answer:
When you buy a U.S. government savings bond, you are doing so under the power given to Congress to borrow money on behalf of the United States government. This power is granted to Congress under Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution, which gives Congress the power to "borrow Money on the credit of the United States."
The sale of savings bonds is one way that the government can borrow money from individuals and institutions to finance its operations and pay off its debts. When you buy a savings bond, you are essentially lending money to the government, which promises to pay you back with interest at a later date. This allows the government to fund its activities without having to rely solely on taxation and other sources of revenue.
Overall, the sale of savings bonds is just one example of how the U.S. government uses its power to borrow money to finance its operations and fulfill its obligations to its citizens and creditors.
Asap!!!
why was the berlin airlift an important event in the early years of the cold
war?
a. it highlighted the united states' ability to project military power
across the atlantic.
b. it established clear boundaries between the democratic and
communist regions in europe,
c. it demonstrated that western powers were committed to resisting
soviet aggression.
o d. it was the first successful humanitarian effort led by the united
nations.
The reason that the berlin airlift an important event in the early years of the cold is c. it demonstrated that western powers were committed to resisting soviet aggression.
What is the berlin airlift?The Berlin Airlift was an main event in the the time when one attends compulsory school of the Cold War because it explained that the Western powers, experienced by the United States, were dedicated to resisting Soviet attitude and protecting the privilege of Western Europe.
In 1948, the Soviet Union blockaded West Berlin, that was located inside Soviet-controlled East Germany. The aim was to force the Western capacities to abandon their appearance in Berlin, which was visualized as a symbol of Western influence in Europe.
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Adolf Hitler was a horrible dictator who took control of Germany in the late 1930s.
His goal was to take over the world. He realized that Germany wasn’t as strong a
country as he wanted and he blamed the Jews for all Germany’s problems. This led him
to order the massacre of 6 million Jews in the (1)_______________________. As part of
Hitler’s plan for world domination he decided to take over the countries that were close
to Germany. While Hitler started to take over Austria and Czechoslovakia, the
European powers practiced (2)__________________ and allowed him to take those countries
without any resistance. Once Hitler realized no one was going to stop him, he aimed for
larger countries like Poland and France. The (3)____________________ which was the
organization to keep peace was too weak to stop him, especially since the US was not
part of it. Hitler wanted revenge on France for the (4)_______________________________
signed after WWI that took their land and made them pay reparations.
Hitler was very successful in war because the German army used a new rapid style of
warfare called (5)______________________. This new style of warfare allowed the army to
take territories very quickly. During all of this, the United States tried to remain in
(6)_______________________ and not get involved. Unfortunately they were too
interdependent on European trade and started to help the allies economically. This
economic assistance upset Japan and they attacked the US on Dec 7, 1941 and brought
the US into the war.
According to the information, the terms that complete the text are: Holocaust, Appeasement, League of Nations, Treaty of Versailles, Blitzkrieg, and Isolationism.
How to identify the terms that correctly complete the text?To identify the terms that correctly complete the text, we must carefully read the text and identify the key terms that are close to each blank space. This procedure will allow us to identify the topics that are related to the terms that go in the spaces.
According to the above, we can establish that the blanks are completed with the following terms:
HolocaustAppeasementLeague of NationsTreaty of VersaillesBlitzkriegIsolationismLearn more about Hitler in: https://brainly.com/question/12778492
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Why might isolationists oppose some or all of wilson’s fourteen points
Isolationists were largely opposed to President Wilson’s fourteen points because they believed the United States should remain separate from global affairs and not be involved in international alliances or treaties.
They argued that such involvement would lead to the US becoming entangled in foreign conflicts and wars, which could potentially put the country in danger. Isolationists also believed that American involvement in other countries' affairs would lead to a loss of independence, as the US would be subject to the rules and regulations of foreign nations.
Furthermore, isolationists feared that Wilson’s points would lead to a one-world government, weakening the US’s sovereignty and the power of the individual states.
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in Europe during the 1930s several national leaders in order to preserve peace at any cost agreed to the demands of an aggressor this policy was referred to as
Answer:
The policy that was referred to as "appeasement" was a diplomatic strategy adopted by several national leaders in Europe during the 1930s in order to preserve peace at any cost. This policy was particularly aimed at meeting the demands of aggressive nations such as Nazi Germany, which sought to expand its territory and power through military conquest. The policy of appeasement involved making concessions to such aggressors in the hope of preventing conflict and maintaining peace. However, this policy ultimately failed as it only emboldened the aggressive nations, allowing them to gain more power and influence. The failure of the policy of appeasement ultimately led to the outbreak of World War II, which was one of the deadliest conflicts in human history.
Answer: appeasement
Explanation:
This is called appeasement because it is k, just know I'm right!!
What was the fundamental question addressed in each of these congressional acts? * 15 points. The Missouri Compromise The Compromise of 1850 The Kansas-Nebraska Act. O Should slave labor be allowed in new states? O Should state, be allowed to nullify federal laws? Should states be able to secede from the Union? Should the U. S. Expand westward? The States have their status in the Union, and they have no other legal status. The Union, and not themselves separately, procured their independence and
The fundamental question addressed in the Missouri Compromise was whether or not slavery should be allowed in new states being added to the Union, with the compromise allowing for Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
The Compromise of 1850 addressed the question of whether or not states should be able to nullify federal laws, with the compromise including provisions such as the Fugitive Slave Act and the admission of California as a free state in exchange for allowing popular sovereignty (allowing residents of territories to vote on whether or not to allow slavery) in other territories.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act addressed the question of whether or not the U.S. should expand westward and whether or not to allow slavery in new territories, with the act allowing for popular sovereignty to determine the status of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska, ultimately leading to violent conflicts between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in the territory.
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During WWII, depleted NFL rosters forced two teams to play as one under what name?
The Pittsburgh Steelers and the Philadelphia Eagles, two National Football League (NFL) clubs from Pennsylvania, temporarily merged to form the Steagles for the 1943 season.
In evacuation zones, there were only 8,000 people, and 15,000 people overall. A modest regional league and cup schedule was offered. Football remained a well-liked spectator sport at home, and there were also home internationals and inter-service games. Players were conscripted or called up to serve in the military.
Many of the teams were able to stay afloat by using college players or acquiring retired players. However, in Pennsylvania, Burt Bell and Art Rooney, owners of the Philadelphia Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers, had a different idea. The two competing Pennsylvania teams were agreed to be combined, giving rise to the Steagles.
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Help plis
vocabulary practice
write about your understanding of constitutional rights by explaining the connections between and
among each of the terms in the concept circle. how do the terms in the concept circle fit together?
bill the rights
violation of
protection of
rights
rights
other
amendments
to the u.s.
constitution
The concept circle includes terms that relate to constitutional rights, such as the Bill of Rights, the protection of rights, violations of rights, and other amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
Each term is interconnected and plays a vital role in ensuring that individuals are afforded the protection and rights they deserve. The Bill of Rights is a set of amendments to the Constitution that specifically outline the rights and protections afforded to U.S. citizens.
These rights include freedom of speech, religion, and the press, as well as the right to bear arms and due process of law. The protection of rights ensures that individuals are not deprived of their rights without due process of law.
Violations of rights occur when these protections are not upheld, resulting in injustices and inequality. The other amendments to the U.S. Constitution build upon these fundamental rights and protections, ensuring that they remain relevant and applicable to modern society.
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what is spiritualisim?
Answer:
Spiritualism is "a system of belief or religious practice based on supposed communication with the spirits of the dead, especially through mediums," according to the Oxford Languages.
Another way to word this is,
Spiritualism is a way of thinking or acting that is created on the idea that the dead are able to be reached, especially through mediums.
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New Deal Era
What caused the realignment during this time period?
The Civil War, the 1896 election following an economic crisis, and the Great Depression are three significant occurrences that led to party realignments. They impacted party loyalty, which is why they had such long-lasting effects.
Many white, conservative Southern Democrats switched to the Republican Party following the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The Democratic Party, with its roots in progressive ideologies, the South, big city machinery and the newly empowered labor unions, as well as various ethnic groups, became the majority as a result of the New Deal, holding the White House for seven out of the nine presidential terms from 1933 to 1969.
White people became republicans with the collapse of the New Deal alliance. The Civil Rights Movement marked the beginning of the realignment. After LBJ was elected in 1964, things truly changed.
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The realignment during the New Deal era was caused by the Great Depression and President Roosevelt's implementation of the New Deal policies.
The realignment during the New Deal era was primarily caused by the socioeconomic conditions and political responses to the Great Depression.
The severe economic crisis of the 1930s led to widespread unemployment, poverty, and social unrest.
In response, President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented the New Deal, a series of programs and policies aimed at providing relief, recovery, and reform.
The New Deal initiatives, such as the creation of public works projects, labor protections, and financial regulations, garnered support from working-class Americans and minority groups who were greatly affected by the Depression.
This shift in policies and the government's interventionist approach led to a realignment, as many previously Republican-leaning voters shifted their support to the Democratic Party, which became associated with the New Deal and its efforts to address the economic hardships faced by the nation.
Thus, this realignment marked a significant transformation in American politics and the role of government in the economy.
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How were Julius Caesar's and Augustus' periods of rule different?
Answer:
Caesar's charisma and military prowess made it so the public below him adored him. On the other hand, Augustus was not so much loved by the public as he was well respected. Additionally, where Caesar had ruled over a war torn country, Augustus took over and implemented major reform.
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Select the correct answer from the drop-down menu.
in the early 2000s, the supreme court refused certiori in the terri schiavo case, leaving laws related to
In the early 2000s, the Supreme Court refused to grant certiorari in the Terri Schiavo case, which meant they declined to review the lower court's decision.
The Terri Schiavo case revolved around a woman in a persistent vegetative state, and the legal battle between her husband, who wanted to remove her feeding tube, and her parents, who opposed the decision. The case raised complex legal and ethical questions related to end-of-life decisions, patients' rights, and the role of the government in personal medical decisions.
The Supreme Court's refusal to grant certiorari left the lower court's decision intact, which allowed the removal of Terri Schiavo's feeding tube. This decision underscored the importance of legal frameworks and guidelines for handling similar cases.
Since the Supreme Court did not intervene, the existing laws and state-specific guidelines related to end-of-life decisions, living wills, and medical proxies remained unchanged.
However, the high-profile nature of the case prompted widespread discussions about these issues, leading to increased public awareness and some changes at the state level. In particular, some states passed legislation to clarify the legal process and decision-making authority in such cases, emphasizing the need for clear and comprehensive advance directives.
In conclusion, the Supreme Court's refusal of certiorari in the Terri Schiavo case left existing laws related to end-of-life decisions, living wills, and medical proxies in place. However, the case highlighted the need for clearer legal frameworks and prompted state-level changes to address these complex issues.
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Complete question :
In the early 2000s, the Supreme Court refused certiorari in the Terri Schiavo case, leaving laws related to gun control and the right to die the use of drugs to federal agencies state governments local governments.
Which u.s. ideal would be most attractive when trying to make more friends than the soviets? explain.
The American ideal of freedom and democracy would be most attractive when trying to make more friends than the Soviets.
During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in a global struggle for influence and power, competing for the allegiance of countries around the world. To win this competition, both sides sought to promote their respective ideologies and values, and convince other nations to join their side. In this context, the U.S. ideal of freedom and democracy was a powerful tool for building relationships and winning allies.
The U.S. ideal of freedom and democracy emphasized the importance of individual liberty, equal rights, and democratic governance. These values were attractive to people around the world who sought self-determination and political representation. By promoting these ideals, the United States presented itself as a beacon of hope and a champion of human rights, in contrast to the Soviet Union's authoritarian regime and communist ideology, which were often viewed as oppressive and repressive.
To make more friends than the Soviets, the U.S. used a variety of strategies to promote its ideal of freedom and democracy. One strategy was to offer aid and assistance programs that promoted economic development, education, and social welfare. By providing tangible benefits to other countries, the U.S. demonstrated its commitment to these values and built goodwill among its partners.
Another strategy was to engage in cultural exchange programs that showcased American values and traditions. These programs brought artists, musicians, and other cultural figures to other countries, allowing people to experience American culture firsthand and promoting a positive image of the United States.
Overall, the U.S. ideal of freedom and democracy was an important tool for building relationships and winning allies during the Cold War. By emphasizing individual liberty, equal rights, and democratic governance, the United States was able to present itself as a beacon of hope and a champion of human rights, and win the hearts and minds of people around the world.
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One of the most long-standing issues that have endured and remain central to American politics is the "proper" definition of federalism.
Select one:
O True
O False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
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why did southern congressmen think the supreme courts decision in brown v. board of education violated the constitution ?
Based on polls, we can safely say that Southern congressmen thought that the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. board of education violated the constitution by interfering with the state's independence to regulate the local educational system.
How did such a decision violate the constitution?Southern Congressmen claimed that the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution asserted powers reserved and not delegated to the states and federal government.
Therefore, congressmen believed that the Supreme Court could not institute rules to the education system of each state, being the decision in brown v. board of education unconstitutional.
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How did former colonies respond to the cold war and liberation?
The U.S. government wants to restrict Nation A's access to weapons-making materials. Which of the following actions will it most
likely take? (5 points)
Establish a free-trade zone with Nation A
Impose tariffs on certain goods imported from Nation A
Institute an embargo on trade in certain items with Nation A
Place a quota on certain types of goods Nation A can export
Answer:
c
Explanation:
The goal is to restrict Nation's A's access to weapons-making materials. Having a free trade zone with them would decrease the price and make it easier for them to import it. Placing tariffs and quotas only limit the number of imports or make it more costly.
The most effective way to achieve the goal is thus to place an embargo on the trade of certain items with Nation A. This would ban the export of certain goods from the US to Nation A.
whose library formed the basis of the library of congress? abraham lincoln
The library that formed the basis of the Library of Congress was not Abraham Lincoln's, but rather Thomas Jefferson's.
Thomas Jefferson's personal library was the foundation of the Library of Congress. In 1815, after the British burned the U.S. Capitol, which housed the original Library of Congress, Jefferson offered his collection of books to rebuild the library.
His diverse collection, which included about 6,487 volumes, covered various subjects and provided the Library of Congress with a broader scope of knowledge.
As a result, the Library of Congress expanded and became a national institution, rather than just a legislative resource. Jefferson's vision for the library emphasized the importance of education and the availability of knowledge to the American public, shaping the institution we know today.
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