The political and social order in place in France prior to the French Revolution of 1789 was referred to as the "Old Order," also known as the "Ancien Régime."
Explain the given role.First Estate: The highly influential and affluent clergy. They owned a lot of land and were exempt from paying taxes. Bishops and other members of the high clergy, such as abbots, were also regarded as nobles and held significant political positions. The nobility, or second estate, was made up of wealthy and influential aristocrats who held the majority of high positions and were entitled to a number of privileges, including tax exemption. Lesser nobles had fewer privileges and frequently faced financial difficulties. The Third Estate is the remainder of the population, which includes the affluent middle class as well as workers, artisans, and peasants. They paid taxes but had few privileges or chances for social advancement. They also had to deal with unemployment, food shortages, and exploitation by the affluent classes.
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Think about how elevation affects climate. Write a paragraph that explains how mountains and plateaus affect East Asia’s climate.
Answer:
For eight million years, the Himalayas have trapped and diverted precipitation to the south and east of the Tibetan Plateau, preventing moisture from reaching what are now the Mongolian and Gobi deserts.
write two paragraphs on the following
1. A small explanation of Augustus (why he's so significant)
2. Explain how he changes the course of Rome for whatever reason
If this individual is a political leader, they could enact policies that significantly alter the course of Rome.
What are policies?Policies are guidelines or rules established by an organization or government to regulate behavior or decision-making within a particular context. They can be formal or informal and cover a wide range of areas such as social, economic, political, and environmental issues. Policies provide a framework for making consistent and informed decisions and help to ensure that actions are aligned with an organization's objectives or a government's priorities. They can be implemented at different levels, including local, regional, national, and international, and may involve multiple stakeholders, including governments, businesses, and civil society. Policies can be revised or updated over time in response to changing circumstances or new information. Effective policies are clear, understandable, and enforceable, and are designed to achieve specific goals or outcomes.
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Share your claim about how schools can balance First Amendment protections and still create a safe learning environment for all. Then, explain how your proposal addresses the tension between personal freedom and a safe learning environment.
Explain how U.S. involvement in WWII set the stage for domestic social changes. Consider each group mentioned in this section.
Answer:
U.S. involvement gave minoritized groups such are women, African American Spanish Americans and native Americans jobs which led to them gaining more respect from the white men it also gave African Americans better roles in the military and America and their allies actually used a native American language as a code to keep their plans secret from Germany. so U.S. Involvement ended up giving minoritized groups more rights and respect in America.
Describe the brutal medical experiments carried out by the Nazis.
what does Queen Zola find in the envelope she opens?
Queen Zola found that: D. King Lars's plans to travel to other kingdoms.
Explaining what Queen Zola foundQueen Zola, a royal figure in a fictional story, has received an envelope that she eagerly opens, wondering what it may contain. To her surprise, the envelope reveals King Lars's plans to travel to other kingdoms, which she discovers after examining the contents of the letter.
This information have significant implications for Queen Zola and her kingdom, and she needs to take action based on this news.
Perhaps Queen Zola needs to plan her own diplomatic or military maneuvers to protect her kingdom's interests or to forge alliances with other kingdoms to counter King Lars's plans.
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Which piece of legislation increased the number of eligible voters by decreasing the required voting age to 18?
Answer:
The 26th amendment
Which of the following is an effect of trench warfare and new weapons during World War I?
Answer:
During World War I, the combatant nations used a mixture of trenches and new military technologies such as machine guns and poison gas. The trenches plus the new weapons meant that the defensive side of a battle had an extremely high advantage over the attacking side.
An effect of trench warfare and new weapons during World War I was the widespread use of poison gas.
What is trench warfare?A style of warfare in which opposing forces construct trenches or other defensive capacities and engage in close-quarters fighting with each other is termed Trench warfare in history.
In the given case, the context of the question seems incomplete so the answer is written in a generalized manner.
One of the most significant consequences of trench fighting and new weapons during World War I was The widespread deployment of poison gas. Both the German and British armies deployed chemical weapons in the early stages of the war.
These weapons were employed in the trenches to strike enemy soldiers, causing serious burns and breathing issues. They were also utilized to launch attacks on enemy positions and equipment, resulting in severe damage and deaths.
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Based on the evidence, do you think it's likely that Nixon was also involved in the planning or ordering the break-in? Explain
3 - The Constitution gives Congress the power to impeach and try a president for "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." Do you think the evidence would have warranted an impeachment and conviction for Nixon? Explain.
4 - In a 1977 interview with British journalist David Frost, Nixon made the argument that a president is allowed to commit illegal acts if they are done to promote the good of the country. Do you agree that a president should be allowed to break the law for the good of the country? Explain
Answer: Gordon Liddy planned the Watergate break-in. After the burglars were arrested, one was found with Hunt's name and White House phone number. He was arrested and began making repeated demands for money to Nixon's personal attorney, John Dean.
Explanation:
EXPLAIN WHY HERBERT HOOVER WAS LIVING IN LONDON DURING THE EARLY STAGES OF WWI AND WHAT HIS ROLE WAS IN PROVIDING RELIEF TO GERMAN-CONTROLLED BELGIUM
Answer:Herbert Hoover was living in London during the early stages of World War I because he had been in Europe on a business trip when the war broke out, and was unable to return to the United States due to the disruption of transportation and communications caused by the conflict.
During his time in London, Hoover became involved in efforts to provide relief to the people of Belgium, which was under German occupation. Hoover saw the suffering of the Belgian people firsthand and was deeply moved by their plight. He recognized the urgent need for food and other basic supplies, and worked tirelessly to organize relief efforts.
Hoover played a pivotal role in coordinating the Commission for Relief in Belgium, which was established to provide food and other assistance to the Belgian people. He worked closely with the British government, as well as with private organizations and individuals, to raise funds, secure transportation, and distribute supplies to those in need.
Under Hoover's leadership, the Commission for Relief in Belgium was able to provide food and other aid to millions of people, helping to alleviate the suffering caused by the war. His efforts in Belgium earned him widespread recognition and respect, and helped to establish his reputation as a humanitarian and a skilled organizer.
in 1894, wong kim ark, who was born in san francisco, visited his parents in china. on his return, authorities declared that, due to which law, he could not be a citizen?
Wong Kim Ark, who was born in San Francisco in 1873, had been denied admission back into the country after travelling overseas because of a legislation that limited Chinese immigration and forbade Chinese immigrants from becoming naturalised citizens of the United States.
The Supreme Court ruled 6-2 on March 28, 1898, affirming Wong Kim Ark's acquisition of American citizenship at birth and stating that "the American citizenship which Wong Kim Ark obtained by birth within the United States has not been lost or taken away by anything happening since his birth. Because to Wong Kim Ark's legal action, the Supreme Court decided in 1898 that all people born in the United States are automatically citizens.
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How did the 14th Amendment affect citizenship in the United States?
It extended US citizenship to formerly enslaved, newly freed people.
It limited US citizenship to people born in the United States.
It limited which foreign-born people could become US citizens.
It extended US citizenship to anyone living in the United States.
It extended US citizenship to formerly enslaved, newly freed people. That was the way the 14th Amendment affect citizenship in the United States.
Therefore, the correct answer is A. It extended US citizenship to formerly enslaved, newly freed people.
What does the 14th Amendment say about citizens of the United States?All people who are subject to the authority of the United States and who were born or naturalised there are citizens of both the country and the state in which they currently live.
The Southern states' reactions after the Fourteenth Amendment was ratified?Southerners refused to approve the 14th Amendment because they believed it had been imposed as retribution for launching the Civil War. In fact, there were provisions that forbade former Confederates from exercising their right to vote, holding public office, or receiving compensation for money they had lent to the Confederacy.
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Ancient Rome and Christianity Activity Assignment
Objectives
Summarize characteristics and institutions of the Roman Republic.
Compare and contrast Roman society and government under the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.
Describe the lasting influence of Roman political institutions.
For this activity, answer the following essay question in 2–3 paragraphs.
In the review, you wrote a statement in which you explained whether you considered government under the Roman republic or government under the Roman Empire to be more successful and why. Elaborate on that statement by writing an essay in which you evaluate the successes of the Roman republic and the Roman Empire. Cite at least two ways in which you consider each type of government to have been successful and two ways in which you consider each to have been unsuccessful. Be sure to explain your reasoning with evidence from the unit and from World History.
Both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire were significant political systems in the history of the Western world. While the Republic was characterized by a more balanced system of power, the Empire was more centralized and authoritarian. Despite their differences, both systems experienced successes and failures.
In terms of success, the Roman Republic was a triumph of political organization. It established a system of checks and balances that ensured no single individual or group could wield too much power. This was achieved through a system of two consuls, a Senate, and various assemblies. Additionally, the Republic saw the development of important legal and administrative institutions such as the Twelve Tables, which codified Roman law, and the Cursus Honorum, which provided a clear path for political advancement. Another success of the Republic was its ability to expand its territory and influence through military conquest. The Roman Empire, on the other hand, was successful in creating a vast and powerful state that lasted for centuries. The Empire provided stability and security to its citizens through a strong military, efficient administration, and a system of laws. It also facilitated the spread of Greco-Roman culture, including art, philosophy, and architecture, throughout the Mediterranean and beyond. However, both systems also had their failures. The Roman Republic was plagued by political corruption and instability, particularly in the later years of the Republic, as powerful individuals vied for control. Additionally, the Republic's reliance on slave labor led to economic inequality and social unrest. The Roman Empire, despite its impressive accomplishments, was also marked by political corruption, economic instability, and internal conflict. Its centralized power also made it vulnerable to the whims of its rulers, leading to erratic policies and tyrannical rule. In conclusion, while both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire were successful in certain respects, they also faced significant challenges and shortcomings. The Republic's system of checks and balances provided a strong foundation for the development of Western political thought, while the Empire's achievements in creating a powerful and enduring state left a lasting legacy in culture and governance. However, their failures and weaknesses remind us of the importance of political stability, economic equality, and effective governance in any political system.
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The ideas & English philosopher John Locke had a major influence on
the writers of the Declaration of Independence. Which one of Locke's
basic principles, later seen in the Declaration of Independence, is
expressed in the quote?
"All mankind ... being all equal and independent, no one ought to
harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions."
-John Locke, "The Second Treatise of Civil Government," 1690
• separation of powers
checks and balances
freedom of religion
unalienabie rightsll
All men have the constitutional right to pursue "Life, Liberty, as well as the Pursuit of Property," according to Locke.
What were the fundamental tenets of Locke?John Locke challenged the idea of the divine right of monarchs in political theory or political philosophy and asserted that all people have inalienable freedoms such as life, liberty, or property and that those who fail to uphold those rights may well be removed by people, using force if necessary.
Thomas Jefferson changes this phrase in the Independence Declaration to read, "All men possess the right to life, freedom, and the achievement of happiness."
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Many Chinese people immigrated to the United States in the 19th century in
order to:
A. live in a majority-Catholic country.
B. spread their religion.
C. escape a famine in China.
D. work on railroads in California.
Answer: turned out to be “ A” live in a majority-Catholic country.
Explanation: they experienced religious freedom for the first time in their lives after fleeing from China. Another major reason was the gold rush, but that’s not listed on the test when the gold rush failed, they became cheap labor for the railroads.
Many Chinese people immigrated to the United States in the 19th century in order to live in a majority-Catholic country. Thus, option A is appropriate.
With 1.3 billion Catholics who have been baptized as of 2019, the Catholic Church, commonly known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the biggest Christian denomination. It is one of the biggest and oldest international organizations in the world, and it has had a significant impact on the growth and development of Western civilization.
Roman Catholicism is a world religion amongst world religions, encompassing aspects of many other world religions within the scope of its multifaceted life; hence, only the comparative approach of religion can handle them all.
Thus, option A is correct.
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Use the map below to answer the following question:
A map showing the mass deportation routes and locations of key cities, towns, ghettos prison, and death camps used by the Axis Powers. Major routes link key cities on the map to the locations of prison or death camps. The key indicates that the most of the prison or death camps were located within the area defined by the pre-WWII borders of Germany, Poland, and France. Other prison or death camps were located in Italy, Eastern Europe, and several of the Baltic States. The major cities located near prison or death camps are Berlin, Warsaw, Lodz, Vienna, Rome, and Salonika.
Public Domain
The map above illustrates what aspect of the Holocaust?
The Nazis were haphazard in carrying out their "Final Solution."
Switzerland was the home to many Jewish refugees escaping the Third Reich.
It was organized and significantly centralized to the east of Germany.
Jews and other prisoners were most likely sent from prison camps to ghettos
Option (a), The graphic above shows how the Nazis' implementation of the Holocaust's "Final Solution" was haphazard.
How is Final Solution implemented?The Final Solution, also known as The Final Solution to the Jewish Question, was a plan that the Nazis developed during World War Two to murder people who they believed to be Jews. The "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" was the official code term for the killing of every Jew within reach, which did not just include the continent of Europe.
The Nazi leadership originally outlined their plan for a premeditated and systematic extermination that would start throughout all of German-occupied Europe during the Wannsee Conference, held close to Berlin in January 1942. 90% of the Jews in Poland and 2/3 of the Jewish population of Europe were killed as a result of this strategy, which led to the Holocaust.
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between 1921 and 1929 national output multiple choice rose by about 50 percent. stayed about the same. rose slightly. declined slightly.
Answer:
Rose Rapidly.
Between 1921 and 1929, national output rose by about 50 per cent. The content loaded between 1921 and 1929 shows a significant increase in the national output, contributing to economic growth during that period.
Between 1921 and 1929, national output (gross domestic product) rose by about 50 per cent. The answer is rose by about 50 per cent. This was a period of significant economic growth in the United States, known as the "Roaring Twenties."During this time, the American economy experienced a significant boom due to the development of new technologies, increased consumer spending, and a wave of investment in industry and infrastructure. As a result, national output rose dramatically, leading to increased prosperity for many Americans. Therefore, the correct option for the given question is "rose by about 50 per cent."
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which congressional bill gave president johnson unprecedented power and the ability to use whatever means necessary to protect american interest
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, also known as the Southeast Asia Resolution, was the congressional bill that granted President Lyndon B. Johnson unprecedented power to protect American interests.
Passed in August 1964, the resolution authorized the President "to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression" in Southeast Asia.
This legislation came in response to two alleged attacks by North Vietnamese naval forces on the USS Maddox and the USS Turner Joy in the Gulf of Tonkin. Although the details of these incidents have been disputed, they were used as justification for increased American military involvement in the Vietnam War.
While the resolution was initially supported by a vast majority in Congress, its consequences and the controversial nature of the Vietnam War eventually led to its repeal in 1971. However, by that time, the resolution had already played a significant role in shaping U.S. foreign policy and the course of the Vietnam War.
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I think that it is high time that we remembered that the Constitution . . . speaks not only of the freedom of speech but also of trial by jury instead of trial by accusation. Whether it be a criminal prosecution in court or a character prosecution in the Senate, there is little practical distinction when the life of a person has been ruined.
–Senator Margaret Chase Smith,
June 1, 1950
Based on the excerpt, what inferences can be made about the McCarthy hearings? Check all that apply.
People’s lives and reputations suffered.
The hearings violated the principle of freedom of speech.
The hearings followed the US Constitution.
The hearings were an example of trial by jury.
People believed that those who were accused must be guilty.
will make brainless
The extract leads to the following conclusions about the McCarthy hearings: Lives and reputations of people were damaged.
The hearings went against the idea of free expression.
What was the senator Margaret Chase Smith's speech about?Less than four months after Senator Joe McCarthy's "Wheeling Address," U.S. Senator Margaret Chase Smith of Maine delivered The Declaration of Conscience on June 1, 1950.
What was Margaret Chase Smith famous for most?Being the first woman to represent Maine in either chamber of the US Congress, she served in both houses simultaneously. She was a Republican and one of the first to denounce Joseph McCarthy's methods in her "Declaration of Conscience" speech from 1950.
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NEED HELP ASAP - Reactions to Immigrants
Question: Write down two reasons many people felt threatened by immigrants and two examples of actions in response to immigration.
Economical and cultural issues are two factors that contribute to the threat that immigrants pose to many people. Anti-immigrant laws and protests and rallies are two types of responses to immigration.
Many people think that immigrants waste public resources, lower wages, and deny opportunities to native-born Americans without improving the economy. Some people think that when immigrants arrive, the cultural and social fabric of their communities is threatened by the introduction of new languages, religions, and traditions. They may view immigration as detrimental to their way of life and a threat to their sense of national identity. In response to concerns about illegal immigration, many countries have passed laws that restrict immigration or make it more difficult for immigrants to enter or remain in the country. Some people organize protests and rallies in support of or opposition to immigration as a response.
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URGENT PLS HELP!! WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Answer:
Conducted by the U.S. soldiers, these resulted in the uprooting of Vietnamese villagers with suspected ties to the Vietcong, the killing of their livestock, and the burning of their villages.
O agent orange
O land mines
O search and destroyO credibility gap
Explanation:
You're welcome.
1. Describing Write three sentences that describe how
Romans governed the Jews in Judaea and Galilee.
the Roman governance of the Jews in Judaea and Galilee was marked by tensions and conflicts, as the Jews often resisted Roman rule and authority.
The three sentences that describe how Romans governed the Jews in Judaea and Galilee are -The Romans governed the Jews in Judaea and Galilee through the appointment of a governor or procurator who was responsible for maintaining law and order in the region.The Jews were required to pay taxes to the Roman Empire and were subject to the Roman legal system, which often clashed with Jewish religious beliefs and customs.The Roman military was also present in the region to maintain control and enforce Roman authority, which led to several uprisings and conflicts between the Jews and Romans.To know more about how Romans governed the Jews in Judaea and Galilee -
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EXPLAIN THE MAJOR ISSUES THAT AMERICA AND PRESIDENT HOOVER WERE DEALING WITH IN 1929-1930 AND WHY HOOVER’S ENGINEERING SKILLS/BACKGROUND ACTUALLY WERE A DETRIMENT TO HIS SUCCESS
Answer:In 1929-1930, America and President Hoover were dealing with several major issues, including the economic effects of the stock market crash, rising unemployment, and a sharp decline in agricultural prices. These issues were collectively known as the Great Depression, and they had a profound impact on the country.
As a former engineer and successful businessman, Hoover was known for his expertise in solving complex problems and his belief in the power of individual initiative and self-reliance. However, his engineering background turned out to be a detriment to his success as president during the Great Depression.
One reason for this is that Hoover was often overly optimistic about the ability of technology and private enterprise to solve economic problems. He believed that the market would eventually correct itself and that the government should not intervene too heavily in the economy. This led him to resist calls for direct government relief programs and to focus instead on encouraging businesses and individuals to take action to address the economic crisis.
Another reason why Hoover's engineering background was a detriment to his success during the Great Depression is that he tended to view the crisis as a technical problem that could be solved through rational analysis and scientific methods. This approach overlooked the complex social and political factors that were contributing to the crisis, such as deep-seated inequalities and the inability of many Americans to participate fully in the economic system.
In addition, Hoover's belief in individual initiative and self-reliance led him to place too much emphasis on voluntary efforts to address the crisis, such as private charity and business cooperation. This approach proved inadequate in the face of the scale and severity of the economic crisis, and ultimately contributed to a deepening of the depression and a loss of confidence in Hoover's leadership.
Overall, while Hoover's engineering skills and background may have been an asset in other contexts, they were a detriment to his success as president during the Great Depression. His overreliance on technical solutions, his resistance to government intervention, and his emphasis on individual initiative and self-reliance all contributed to a worsening of the economic crisis and a loss of faith in his leadership.
The 1848 discovery of gold in California affected Native Americans who lived or hunted along the Santa Fe and Oregon trails mainly because .
Answer choices for the above question
A. the discovery made them wealthy, since the gold was on their land
B. the discovery helped them meet and befriend many new people who flocked to the area
C. many white people came to the area, which violated the “permanent Indian frontier”
D. None of the above
Answer:
The correct answer is C. Many white people came to the area, which violated the “permanent Indian frontier”. The influx of white settlers and gold seekers into Native American lands disrupted their way of life and led to violence and displacement.
How might the Mongols have overcome trade restrictions due to the mountain region in which they lived?
Answer:
Mongols have overcome trade restrictions by becoming middlemen who help in transportation of Goods from one place to another.
why, during the age of jackson, was voter turnout as high as 78%, perhaps the highest in the history of the country?
The Age of Jackson, which refers to the period between 1828 and 1848 when Andrew Jackson was president, saw a significant increase in voter turnout. The primary reason for this was the expansion of suffrage to include more white males, resulting in a larger pool of eligible voters.
One factor that contributed to the high voter turnout during the Age of Jackson was the elimination of property ownership requirements for voting. Previously, only white males who owned a certain amount of property were eligible to vote.
However, Jackson's supporters pushed for universal white male suffrage, and many states responded by eliminating property requirements. Jackson's Democratic Party and its opponents, the Whigs, engaged in intense campaigning, which helped to mobilize voters and encourage them to participate in the political process.
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What was so unique about the Trinity Test?
Answer: Large Steel Globe.
Explanation: Something unique about Trinity test is that it is shaped like a large steel globe.
Hope it helps!
Describe the impact of the Church on the roles of women in medieval society.
Describe how the rise of medieval guilds changed the medieval economy and society.
Explain how medieval society and economic activity changed over time.
For this activity, answer the following questions.
Explain how the medieval Christian Church both limited and protected women.
Name and describe three facets of modern business that have their origins in trade practices during the Middle Ages.
Explanation:
The impact of the Church on the roles of women in medieval society
The medieval Christian Church had a significant impact on the roles of women in medieval society. On the one hand, the Church restricted women's participation in religious life, denying them the opportunity to become priests or hold any position of authority within the Church. This limited women's access to education and career opportunities, which in turn limited their social and economic mobility.
On the other hand, the Church also provided some protection for women, particularly through the institution of marriage. Marriage was seen as a sacred bond between a man and a woman, and the Church played a central role in regulating and enforcing the institution. Women who were married were protected by their husbands, who were expected to provide for them and treat them with respect. Additionally, the Church condemned practices such as prostitution and adultery, which could harm women and their families.
The rise of medieval guilds and its impact on the medieval economy and society
The rise of medieval guilds changed the medieval economy and society in significant ways. Guilds were organizations of skilled craftsmen and merchants who banded together to protect their interests and promote their trade. They played a crucial role in regulating trade and commerce, setting standards for quality and pricing, and establishing rules for apprenticeship and training. This helped to ensure that products and services were of a consistent quality and that consumers were protected from fraud or exploitation.
The rise of guilds also had broader societal impacts. Guilds created a sense of community and solidarity among their members, who shared a common trade and often lived in the same neighborhoods. They also provided opportunities for social mobility, allowing people from lower classes to enter into skilled trades and gain economic independence. However, guilds also reinforced social hierarchies, as membership was often restricted to those who had the financial means to pay for apprenticeships and membership fees.
Changes in medieval society and economic activity over time
Medieval society and economic activity changed significantly over time. In the early Middle Ages, Europe was largely agricultural, with most people living in small, self-sufficient communities. However, as trade and commerce grew, towns and cities began to develop, and new forms of economic activity emerged.
The High Middle Ages saw the rise of feudalism, which created a hierarchical social structure based on land ownership and labor obligations. This system allowed for the development of large estates and the growth of a warrior class. However, it also led to widespread poverty and inequality among the lower classes.
By the Late Middle Ages, Europe was experiencing significant economic growth, fueled in part by the rise of guilds and the expansion of international trade. This period saw the emergence of new industries, such as textiles and banking, and the development of new technologies, such as the printing press. However, it also brought new social and economic challenges, such as the rise of urban poverty and the increasing power of monarchs and centralized governments.
in the 1960s, lyndon b. johnson dealt with which workplace issue and passed laws in relation to it?
In the 1960s, Lyndon B. Johnson, the 36th President of the United States, dealt with the workplace issue of discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
He addressed this issue by passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which contained a significant section known as Title VII. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act aimed to prevent employers from discriminating against their employees on the basis of these protected categories. This landmark legislation was instrumental in fostering equal opportunity and promoting diversity in the American workforce.
President Johnson's efforts to address workplace discrimination reflected his broader commitment to civil rights and social justice. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a monumental achievement that helped break down barriers and create a more inclusive society.
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what was the glorious revolution in england
Answer: The Glorious Revolution was
a term first used in 1689 to summarize events leading to the deposition of James II and VII of England, Ireland, and Scotland on November of 1688 and his replacement by his daughter Mary II and her husband and James’s nephew William III of Orange, de facto ruler of the Dutch Republic. Its main causes were religious and political conflicts. Since James II was Catholic, his actions rooting to his religion put him at odds with the non-Catholic population and others. Some negative effects from the Glorious Revolution was the oppression the Catholics faced. Persecution of Catholics increased to the point that the rigorous enforcement of the Test Act of 1672 had to be done.