Studying the differences between fossils and modern organisms helps scientists better understand the evolution of organisms over time. By comparing the physical characteristics and genetic makeup of ancient organisms with those of their modern-day counterparts, scientists can track changes in the structure and function of various body parts and systems, as well as in the distribution and frequency of certain traits and features. This can shed light on how different species have adapted to changing environmental conditions over millions of years, and how natural selection has driven the emergence of new traits and behaviors.
In addition to evolution, the study of fossils and modern organisms can also provide insights into the primary function of key macromolecules. These include proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, which play crucial roles in everything from energy production to cellular communication and DNA replication. By analyzing the chemical composition and structural properties of fossils and living organisms, scientists can better understand how these macromolecules have evolved and diversified over time, and how they contribute to the functioning of different biological systems.
Furthermore, the study of fossils and modern organisms can also help scientists better understand the role of mutation in life's functions. Mutations are changes in the genetic code that can lead to new traits or alterations in existing ones. By examining the frequency and distribution of mutations in ancient and modern organisms, scientists can gain insights into how mutations have contributed to the evolution of different species, as well as how they impact the functioning of different biological systems and processes.
Finally, the study of fossils and modern organisms can also provide insights into the adaptation of organisms through acquired traits. Acquired traits are those that are not inherited genetically, but instead are acquired through an organism's interactions with its environment. By studying how different species have adapted to different environmental conditions over time, scientists can better understand how these acquired traits have contributed to the survival and success of different organisms, as well as how they interact with inherited traits to shape the evolution of different species.
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Plant hormones server as a chemical messenger between cells and tissues. Auxin is a plant hormone that causes the cell on the shady side of a plant shoot to elongate. The response enabled by auxins is known as
Answer:
The response enabled by auxins, specifically the elongation of cells on the shady side of a plant shoot, is known as phototropism.
Explanation:
Phototropism is a plant's response to light, in which the plant grows towards the source of light. Auxins are produced in the apical meristem of the plant, and they are transported downwards through the stem towards the roots. When light shines on a plant, auxins accumulate on the shaded side, causing the cells on that side to elongate more than the cells on the sunny side. This results in the plant bending towards the light source, allowing it to maximize its exposure to light for photosynthesis. Auxins also have other functions in plant growth and development, such as promoting root growth and differentiation and inhibiting lateral bud growth.
Which features make capillaries great for
exchanging substances between the
blood & cells? (select all that apply)
the blood pressure is much lower & the flood
flows slower, allowing time for exchange
they are permeable & allow substances
in/out
they have a very large total cross sectional
area for the exchange
they are only one cell layer thick
Answer:
All of the following features make capillaries great for exchanging substances between the blood and cells:
The blood pressure is much lower and the flow is slower, allowing time for exchange
They are permeable and allow substances to move in and out
They have a very large total cross-sectional area for exchange
They are only one cell layer thick, which facilitates rapid diffusion of substances across their walls.
Explanation:
Why are G-protein-coupled receptors referred to as metabotropic receptors?
Answer: because they can trigger widespread metabolic effects. Can someone explain how this is the answer?
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are referred to as metabotropic receptors because they activate intracellular signaling pathways that can lead to widespread metabolic effects.
Unlike ionotropic receptors, which directly open ion channels upon binding to a ligand, GPCRs work indirectly by activating G-proteins, which in turn modulate intracellular enzymes and ion channels.
This signaling cascade can trigger a variety of metabolic effects, including changes in gene expression, enzyme activity, and ion flux, all of which contribute to the cell's overall metabolic state.
The term "metabotropic" comes from the fact that these receptors are involved in regulating metabolism, which refers to the chemical reactions that occur within cells to maintain life.
Metabolism is a complex process that involves the breakdown of nutrients, the synthesis of new molecules, and the production of energy.
GPCRs play a key role in modulating many of these metabolic processes by regulating the release of hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules.
By activating G-proteins, these receptors can trigger a wide range of metabolic effects, making them an important target for drug development in many disease states.
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What stage of the cell cycle?
Answer:if you mean what are the stages of the cell cycle: interphase (g1, s, g2), mitosis(p,m,a,t,), then cytokinesis
Explanation:
Which of these was a result of the general acceptance that microorganisms cause desease
One result of the general acceptance that microorganisms cause disease was the development of the germ theory of disease.
The germ theory of disease states that many diseases are caused by the presence and actions of specific microorganisms within the body, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This theory revolutionized medical science and had significant implications for public health practices.
The acceptance of the germ theory of disease led to the development of new medical treatments and preventative measures such as vaccines, antibiotics, and sanitation practices that helped to control and prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
It also led to improvements in medical education and research, as scientists and doctors worked to better understand the mechanisms behind the spread and treatment of diseases.
Overall, the acceptance of the germ theory of disease had a profound impact on the field of medicine and helped to improve the health and well-being of people around the world.
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Which water source may become polluted as it travels over land?pondsgroundwateroceansrunoff
The water source which may become polluted as it travels over land is runoff.
Runoff refers to water from precipitation, such as rain or snow, that flows over the surface of the land and can collect in streams, rivers, lakes, or other bodies of water.
As it flows over the land, runoff can pick up and carry pollutants such as sediment, nutrients, chemicals, and other substances.
This can lead to water pollution and harm aquatic ecosystems, as well as potentially impacting human health if the polluted water is consumed or used for irrigation or other purposes.
Runoff can be managed through practices such as vegetative buffers, conservation tillage, and stormwater detention and treatment, which help to reduce the amount of pollutants that enter waterways.
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A group of which level of classification that is closely related will composed a genus?
O kingdoms
species
ophyla
O orders
A genus is a level of classification that is closely related and is typically composed of a group of species.
Here, correct option is B.
Genus is a taxonomic rank which is one step below the family level and one step above the species level. This rank is used to classify and organize related organisms into a group. A genus is typically divided into multiple species, which are all closely related.
This means that within a genus, the species are generally similar in characteristics such as anatomy, physiology, behavior, and genetics. Furthermore, the species within a genus have evolved from a common ancestor.
For example, the genus Canis, which includes the wolf and coyote, is comprised of multiple species that have evolved from a common ancestor. As such, the genus is an important level of classification for grouping and understanding organisms.
Therefore, correct option is B.
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Imagine you are a detective examining a crime scene. You are trying to
identify the person who committed the crime, so you collect many samples at
the crime scene. Which sample would be most useful in identifying the
person who committed the crime?
(a) A book found on ground at the crime seen
(b) A piece of fingernail found at the crime seen
(c) An unseen burger & fries found at the crime seen
(d) A pair of shoes found at the crime seen
The sample would be most useful in identifying the person who committed the crime is
(b) A piece of fingernail found at the crime seenWhy using this sample?Fingernails, which possess the capacity to hold DNA evidence belonging to an originator, can be employed in order to compare any genetic samples of an individual to that of a possible culprit and make a match.
As this type of proof is exclusively specific to whichever person it originated from (except for twins) it serves as a remarkable resource for connecting someone to infringement at a crime scene.
Though other components may provide prints or clues in determining malicious motives, nothing compared in strength to the conviction one accquires from the DNA exhibited from the fingernails.
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What are the ethical considerations in studying life processes?
Answer:
Quite a few, here are some to think about:
1. Informed consent: Researchers should obtain informed consent from study participants, which means they must explain the nature of the study, potential risks and benefits, and allow participants to freely decide whether or not to participate.
2. Privacy and confidentiality: Researchers must protect the privacy and confidentiality of study participants by keeping their personal information and data confidential.
3. Respect for autonomy: Researchers must respect the autonomy of participants and allow them to make their own decisions about their participation in the study.
4. Animal welfare: When studying life processes using animals, researchers must consider the ethical treatment of animals and ensure that they are treated with respect and care.
5. Data integrity: Researchers must ensure the accuracy and integrity of data collected during the study and avoid falsification or manipulation of data.
6. Beneficence: Researchers must balance the potential benefits of the study against potential risks to participants and take steps to minimize harm to participants.
7. Social responsibility: Researchers must consider the potential impact of their research on society and ensure that their work is conducted in an ethical and socially responsible manner.
What are "apophenia" and "the power of suggestion", and how can these things affect our sear for Big Foot?
Answer:
Explanation:
“Apophenia” is the tendency to perceive or believe in a connection or meaningful pattern between random or unrelated things, such as objects, events, numbers, or images. “The power of suggestion” is a psychological term for guiding the thoughts, beliefs, and feelings of another person. It involves bringing your thoughts and perspective into play to solve or advance a course. The power of suggestion describes how people take the ideas given to them and turn them into reality.
In the context of searching for Bigfoot, apophenia could lead people to see patterns or connections in unrelated information that supports their belief in Bigfoot’s existence. The power of suggestion could also play a role in shaping people’s beliefs and expectations about Bigfoot. For example, if someone suggests that a certain piece of evidence is proof of Bigfoot’s existence, it could influence others to believe it as well.
Explain why children who have the same parents are not all identical?
Explain darwin's belief that survival is a struggle and how it applies to his theory of natural selection. evaluate the impact this theory has had on other aspects of culture, such as philosophical beliefs, religious theology, educational theory and literature. your answer should be at least 250 words.
explain how the pattern in the graph supports the claim that the genetic mutation for black fur was at some times harmful and at other times helpful to survive?
This pattern in the graph suggests that the genetic mutation for black fur was beneficial to the squirrels' survival during the earlier period because it allowed them to blend in better with their environment and avoid predators.
What is genetic mutation?A Genetic mutation is described as an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
With reference from the graph, the percentage of squirrels with black fur increased steadily from 2010 to 2013, and experienced a decreased sharply from 2013 to 2015.
In conclusion, we can say that the pattern in the graph suggests that the genetic mutation for black fur was not always beneficial or harmful.
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11 Some angelfish colors ara determined by codeminance. Possible phenotypes and genotypes of
angelfish colors are shown.
15
Phenotype
Phenotypic
probability of
offspring
-Phenotype
Silver
-
Black
Black lace
Silver Black
Which table shows the expected phenotypes of offspring resulting from a cross betireen a
black angelfish and a black-lace angelfish?
A
50%
Black
Lace
Phenotyple
probability of 50% -50%
offspring
.50%
Black
Phenotype Siver Black Lace
Genotype...
-
F
с
.BB
BL.
Phenotype
Phenotypic
probability of
effspring
Silver Black
2.5%
25%
Silver Black
Black
Lace
50%
Dlack
Lace
Phenotype
Phenotypic
probability of 25% 50% 25%
offspring
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Each of the squares in the Punit Square represents 25% chance in this case. Since 2 are BB then 50% chance of Black. The other two are BL so 50% chance of Black Lace.
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Would samples that were digested with ecori have a different pattern than the same sample digested with smal?
Yes, samples that were digested with EcoRI would have a different pattern than the same sample digested with SmaI.
This is because each enzyme cuts at different sites. EcoRI binds to a specific sequence of 6 base pairs, 5’-GAATTC-3’, and cuts between the G and A, creating two DNA fragments with a 3’-overhang. In comparison, SmaI binds to the sequence 5’-CCCGGG-3’ and cuts between the C and G, creating two DNA fragments with a 5’-overhang.
Thus, the digestion patterns of the same sample with EcoRI and SmaI will be different. The differences in the digestion patterns can be observed through gel electrophoresis, where fragments of different sizes are separated in the gel and visualized with a UV transilluminator.
The fragments generated by EcoRI and SmaI will appear in different positions on the gel, allowing the differences between the two digestion patterns to be easily observed.
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Medical coroners could be considered to be MOST like what other type of forensic scientists?
A.
sociologists
B.
pathologists
C.
archivists
D.
phlebotomists
Answer:
B. Pathologists
Explanation:
Scientists want to order the prey found in the flounder stomachs by percent weight. Of the six types of prey found in the stomachs, based on Table 1, which prey would be the third largest? A. Hydrozoa B. Polychaeta C. Crustacea D. Mollusca
Arranging the prey items in descending order of percent weight, we get:
FishAmphipodaCrustaceaMolluscaPolychaetaHydrozoaWhat are the prey?To find the third largest prey found in the flounder stomachs in terms of percent weight, we need to examine the information given in Table 1, which lists the six types of prey found in the stomachs and their corresponding percent weight.
Based on the information given in Table 1, to determine the third largest prey found in the flounder stomachs in terms of percent weight, we need to look at the column "Percent Weight" and arrange the prey items in descending order.
Therefore, the third largest prey found in the flounder stomachs in terms of percent weight is C. Crustacea.
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Which of the below is NOT a law of thermodynamics?
Group of answer choices
Energy must be absorbed.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Energy spreads out spontaneously.
The entropy of any isolated system always increases
A
Energy must be absorbed is not a law
The field of evo-devo proposes that many major morphological changes result from changes in gene __________ of regulatory genes. the premise for this argument is that these changes _______.
The field of evo-devo proposes that many major morphological changes result from changes in gene expression of regulatory genes.
The premise for this argument is that these changes cause modifications in the expression of downstream target genes, which then lead to alterations in structure and patterning.
Regulatory genes are those that control other genes, and changes in their expression can drastically alter the way in which an organism develops. Such changes can happen through mutations, whereby the regulatory gene acquires a new sequence, or through alterations in the timing and location of the gene’s expression.
For example, a mutation in a regulatory gene could cause the gene to be expressed at a different stage of development, leading to changes in the patterning of the organism’s morphology.
Alternatively, mutations in regulatory genes could cause the gene to be expressed in a different tissue, resulting in modifications of tissue structure. Through these changes in gene expression, major morphological changes can occur, allowing new species to emerge over evolutionary time.
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The movement of alleles in and out of a population caused by individuals or gametes is known as.
The movement of alleles in and out of a population caused by individuals or gametes is known as gene flow.
Gene flow is one of the five main mechanisms that drive evolution, along with natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and non-random mating. Gene flow can occur when individuals or their gametes migrate between populations, or when there is hybridization between two different species.
Gene flow can increase genetic diversity within a population, introduce new alleles to a population, and homogenize the genetic makeup of different populations.
It can also have a major impact on the evolutionary trajectory of a population, as gene flow can introduce adaptive alleles or maladaptive alleles from other populations, which can affect the fitness of individuals and the entire population.
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What is the difference between turtles and tortoises.
Answer:
Tortoises have more rounded and domed shells where turtles have thinner, more water-dynamic shells
Explanation:
Turtle shells are more streamlined to aid in swimming. One major key difference is that tortoises spend most of their time on land and turtles are adapted for life spent in water.
what role does auxin play in phototropism? LMK ASAP
-It produces extra chlorophyll on the bright side of a plant.
-It absorbs additional light on the dark side of a plant
-It shrinks the cells on the bright side of a stem, which causes the stem to bend toward the light.
-It elongates the cells on the dark side of a stem, which causes the stem to bend toward the light
question 1 which of the following statements is true? 1 point the primary purpose of all enzymes is digestion the primary purpose of all enzymes is metabolism enzymes are generally protein molecules enzymes are generally dna molecules some cells in your body do not contain any enzymes
The statement that is true out of the given options is "enzymes are generally protein molecules" because because proteins are unique in their capacity to build intricate three-dimensional structures that allow them to perform specialised biochemical activities
Enzymes are biocatalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They do this by lowering the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. Enzymes are specific to the reaction they catalyze and are highly regulated in the body.
Enzymes are involved in various metabolic pathways in the body, which include digestion, synthesis of new molecules, and energy production. However, their primary purpose is not digestion, as some enzymes are involved in other processes such as DNA replication and repair. Additionally, enzymes are not generally DNA molecules, as they are proteins encoded by DNA.
Furthermore, enzymes are present in almost all cells in the body. Even cells that do not participate in metabolic pathways still contain enzymes that perform essential functions. For example, red blood cells do not have a nucleus or mitochondria, but they still contain enzymes that help in the transport of oxygen.
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RLLY EASYY !!! pls help
How does a primary consumer obtain its energy?
Responses
by making its own energy
by breaking down dead organisms
by consuming other consumers
by consuming producers
Answer:
By comsuming other consumers and producers
Explanation:
Unlike producers consumers can't make their own food
What starch is used for the translucent skin of some vietnamese dumplings?.
The starch used for the translucent skin of some Vietnamese dumplings is mung bean starch.
Mung bean starch is a type of starch that is extracted from mung beans, which are commonly used in Asian cuisine. It is often used as a thickening agent or to make translucent or clear noodles, dumpling skins, and other types of desserts.
Mung bean starch has a neutral taste and is gluten-free, making it a popular choice for those with dietary restrictions. In Vietnamese cuisine, mung bean starch is commonly used to make bánh bột lọc, a type of small, clear dumpling filled with shrimp and pork.
The starch is mixed with water to make a dough, which is then filled and steamed. The resulting dumplings have a translucent skin that is slightly chewy in texture.
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cysts on the kidney can press upon nephrons, increasing the pressure inside the nephrons. how will this affect glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure? cysts on the kidney can press upon nephrons, increasing the pressure inside the nephrons. how will this affect glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure? gfr decreases and blood pressure increases gfr increases and blood pressure decreases gfr decreases and blood pressure decreases gfr increases and blood pressure increases
The way that cysts on the kidney can affect glomerular filtration rate is A. gfr decreases and blood pressure increases.
What is GFR ?The GFR is the amount of fluid filtered by the glomeruli per minute, and it is determined by the pressure in the glomerular capillaries. If the pressure inside the nephrons increases due to cysts on the kidney pressing on them, it will decrease the GFR.
This is because the increased pressure will cause a reduction in the net filtration pressure, which will, in turn, reduce the amount of fluid filtered through the glomeruli.
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What string of amino acids will form if the original
DNA strand had the following code:
AAGTCATTGCCAGGGTCA
O A. Cysteine, glycine, proline, lysine, threonine,
serine
O B. Threonine, cysteine, glycine, phenylalanine,
lysine, serine
O C. Lysine, serine, leucine, proline, glycine,
serine
D. Phenylalanine, serine, asparagine, glycine,
proline, serine
The string of amino acids that will form from the given DNA strand is:
the correct option is C. Lysine, serine, leucine, proline, glycine, serine
To determine the string of amino acids that will form from the given DNA strand, we need to translate the DNA code into the RNA code and then into the corresponding amino acids using the genetic code.
The RNA code for the given DNA strand would be UUCAGUAACGGTCCCAGU.
Using the genetic code, we can then match each codon to its corresponding amino acid:
UU(C) AG(U) AA(C) G(G) UC(C) GG(A) U(G)
The amino acids for each codon are:
Cysteine, Serine, Lysine, Glycine, Serine, Proline, Valine
Therefore, the string of amino acids that will form from the given DNA strand is:
Lysine, serine, leucine, proline, glycine, serine
So, the correct option is C. Lysine, serine, leucine, proline, glycine, serine
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Tubular secretion involves the movement of substances
from capillary blood to tubular fluid.
from proximal convoluted tubule to distal convoluted tubule.
from tubular fluid to capillary blood.
from proximal convoluted tubule to glomerulus.
Tubular secretion involves the movement of substances from capillary blood to tubular fluid.
Tubular secretion is the process by which substances are transported from the capillary blood to the renal tubular fluid. This process occurs in various parts of the nephron, including the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule.
The substances that are secreted include hydrogen ions, creatinine, and certain drugs and toxins. This process is important for regulating the pH of the blood and eliminating waste products from the body.
The substances that are secreted are actively transported from the capillary blood into the tubular fluid through specialized transport proteins in the epithelial cells lining the tubules.
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HELP PLS‼️ *due today* THANK UU
Write T or True if the statement is true; write F or False if the statement is false.
1. All living things are composed of one or more cells. True or False?
2. Vacuoles can store water, nutrients, and waste in animal cells. True or False?
3. DNA is found in the nucleus. True or false?
4. The rough ER does not have ribosomes attached to it. True or False?
This statement is true according to the cell theory. The cell theory is a fundamental scientific theory of biology that states that all living organisms are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. Cells can be either unicellular (consisting of a single cell) or multicellular (consisting of many cells). Cells can only arise from preexisting cells by cell division. The cell theory was first proposed by German scientists Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden in 1838 and later refined by Rudolf Virchow in 1858. The cell theory is one of the core principles of biology that explains the diversity and unity of life.
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This statement is true but not complete. Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles that can be found in both animal and plant cells. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help sequester waste products. They also play a role in transporting materials into and out of the cell. However, vacuoles can also store water, nutrients, and other substances in animal cells, depending on the needs of the cell. For example, some animal cells have contractile vacuoles that regulate water balance by expelling excess water from the cell1. Some animal cells also have food vacuoles that store nutrients obtained by phagocytosis or pinocytosis. Therefore, a more accurate statement would be: Vacuoles can store water, nutrients, and waste in animal cells, but they also have other functions.
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This statement is true but is also a not complete. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA1. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). Therefore, a more accurate statement would be: DNA is mostly found in the nucleus, but also in the mitochondria.
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This statement is false. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) is a part of the endomembrane system of the cell and a subset of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This organelle is primarily concerned with the synthesis, folding and modification of proteins, especially those that need to be delivered to different organelles within the cell, or secreted from the cell. The rough ER is characterized by the presence of membrane-bound ribosomes that give it a distinctive appearance under the microscope. These ribosomes look like studs and distinguish the organelle from the smooth sections of the ER. Some proteins are also synthesized by strings of ribosomes, called polysomes. Therefore, a correct statement would be: The rough ER does have ribosomes attached to it.
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1) if big molecules can't get absorbed in the small intestine, why aren't there other big molecules besides fiber, like complex carbohydrates, coming out in the poop of healthy people?
2) what's happening to the other big molecules like complex carbohydrates? how can we explain why the amount of complex carbohydrates could be decreasing as food travels through the digestive system?
yall plss help me pls ill give brainlist just pls help me
a.b. Complex carbohydrates can be broken down into smaller molecules during digestion, but they are not broken down to the extent that fiber is. Fiber is composed of indigestible plant material and is not broken down by enzymes in the stomach or small intestine.
Instead, it passes through the digestive system largely unchanged, providing bulk and helping to regulate bowel movements. The other big molecules in food, such as complex carbohydrates, are broken down into smaller molecules during digestion and absorbed into the bloodstream for use as energy or for the production of other substances.
However, some of these molecules may not be absorbed as efficiently as others, and some may be excreted in the feces. Factors such as the type and amount of food consumed, the presence of digestive disorders, and the efficiency of the digestive system can all influence the amount of complex carbohydrates that are absorbed and excreted.
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