The air and nutrients that are added to the fermenter must be sterile in order to prevent contamination from pathogens or other microorganisms that could disrupt the fermentation process.
What is fermentation?
Fermentation is a metabolic process during which organic molecules such as glucose are converted into energy-containing molecules such as ethanol, carbon dioxide, and/or organic acids. This process is often used in the production of beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages, as well as in food production, such as the production of yogurt, cheese, and other fermented dairy products.
Contamination can lead to off-flavors, off-odors, and other undesirable qualities in the end product. Additionally, it may cause the fermentation process to be less efficient, leading to longer fermentation times or even a complete failure.
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What will happen to enzyme if active site loses its shape?
The substrate's affinity for binding will decline, causing the enzyme to either complete the reaction at a slower rate than usual or not at all, depending on how much the active site has changed.
Proteins known as enzymes serve as biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions. Substrates are the substances that interact with enzymes, and the enzyme changes the substrates into products, which are other molecules. Enzyme catalysis is required for the bulk of cellular metabolic processes to proceed at speeds quick enough to support life. An enzyme is required for each step in the catalysis of metabolic processes. It is acknowledged in the fields of pseudoenzyme analysis, enzymeology, and the study of enzymes that some enzymes have evolved without the capacity to perform biological catalysis. Their strange "pseudocatalytic" abilities and amino acid sequences often reflect this.
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how do microorganisms play a role in decomposition
Microorganisms are the primary agents of decomposition. Particularly, fungi are considered the major contributors due to their ability to produce specific enzymes and the possibility to access new substrates through hyphae. In this review, we highlighted the role of fungi in decomposition and reconsider the role of bacteria, neglected in the past, identifying key research needs and knowledge. Particular attention is given to the succession of different taxa with different ecological role that are able to use a substrate that undergoes to chemical and structural modifications. The quality of substrates is a critical factor that influences the microbial community together with environmental variables, such as temperature and moisture. However, the microbial community is also able to influence the substrate characteristics.
Answer:
microorganisms are essential for decomposing organic matter and recyling old plants materials.Some bacteria and fungi provide important nutrients to plants like nitrogen and phosphorus
Blocks of genetic material that do not recombine and are passed on for generations are called
a) phenotypes b) genotypes c) karyotypes d) haplotypes
Blocks of genetic material that do not recombine and are passed on for generations are called haplotypes.
A haplotype is a set of DNA variants along a single chromosome that tend to be inherited together. Because they are close together on the chromosome and recombination between these variants is rare, they are usually inherited together.
The haplotypes represent sequences along the chromosome that are either conserved intact or separated over time by recombination. This basic concept has led to the development of methods to extract information about recombination to help researchers identify disease-causing genes and loci.
In the genome, alleles of closely spaced variants on the same chromosome tend to occur together more frequently than would be expected at random. These allelic blocks are called haplotypes.
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In Deoxyribonucleic acid, cytosine pairs with the nitrogen base is.....
Which mutation caused Lucy immunodeficiency disease?
Hyper IgE syndrome, Job's syndrome is a rare condition with symptoms Lucy's had. A STAT3 gene mutation is the primary cause of the immunodeficiency, which affects approximately one person in a million.
In every tissue of the body, the STAT3 protein is active. It is necessary for life and plays a significant role in the growth and operation of many bodily systems. Signals for the maturation of immune system cells, particularly T cells and B cells, are transmitted by the STAT3 protein in the immune system. Additionally, the protein plays a part in cellular processes that support allergic reactions and is involved in the regulation of inflammation, one of the immune system's responses to infection or injury.
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What is the probability that a child born to two carriers of a recessive disorder allele will have the disorder?
The probability that a child born to two carriers of a recessive disorder allele will have the disorder is 25% can be calculated by the pedigree analysis.
When two carriers of a recessive disorder allele have a child, each parent will pass on one of their two copies of the allele to the child. Since each parent is a carrier, there is a 50% chance that the child will inherit one copy of the allele from each parent. When both copies of the allele are inherited, the child will have the disorder because the disorder only occurs when both copies of the allele are present.
The probability that the child will inherit one copy of the allele from each parent is (1/2) x (1/2) = 1/4 = 25%. Therefore, the probability that a child born to two carriers of a recessive disorder allele will have the disorder is 25%.
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A tumor in a male patient is preventing the anterior pituitary from secreting LH. What effect will this have on his sperm production
Answer:
He will have a decreased amount of testosterone and in turn a reduction in sperm production.
4. Darwin and Lamarck agreed that changes in species are linked to
a. genetics
b. environmental conditions
c. use or disuse of physical features
d. acquired characteristics
What event is shown in the diagram?
what system works with the respiratory system to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body
The cardiovascular system works with the respiratory system to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body. The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
The cardiovascular system works in conjunction with the respiratory system to ensure that oxygen is delivered to the body's cells and that carbon dioxide is removed. When we breathe in, oxygen enters the lungs and is transferred to the blood, where it binds to hemoglobin. The oxygen-rich blood is then pumped by the heart to the body's cells, where it is used to produce energy. At the same time, respiratory system carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, is removed from the cells and carried cardiovascular system by the blood to the lungs, where it is exhaled. This process, known as respiratory system, is a continuous respiratory system cycle that ensures the body's cells receive the oxygen they need to function properly and that waste products are removed.
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looking at model 1, the other molecules that appear to be high potential energy molecules (free energy carriers) during cellular respiration to carry electrons to oxidative phosphorylation are
The additional compounds that seem to be high potential energy molecules for transporting electrons to oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration include The majority of ATP molecules created during cellular respiration come from oxidative phosphorylation.
The process through which organisms combine oxygen and food molecules, direct the chemical energy of those components toward life-sustaining processes, and eliminate carbon dioxide and water as waste is known as cellular respiration.
The process of breaking down sugar in the presence of oxygen and releasing energy in the form of ATP is known as cell respiration, and it takes place in the mitochondria of living things (animals and plants). Water and carbon dioxide are emitted as waste during this procedure.
Through the mitochondrial electron transport chain, ATP production is connected to electron transfer and corresponding oxygen consumption through the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Which of the following conclusions about the radiolabeled amino acid is best supported by the results of the experiment
It was largely integrated into proteins that control and oversee metabolic processes.
Amino acid molecules comprise proteins. Proteins and amino acids are the building blocks of life. After proteins have been digested or denatured, amino acids are still present. In order to maintain the body, the human body makes proteins from amino acids:
The body can produce energy from amino acids to digest food, grow, repair bodily tissue, and carry out a variety of other bodily functions.
Amino acids are divided into three groups:
Important amino acids
Unneeded amino acids
conditional amino acids
Amino acids are necessary for the synthesis of body protein as well as other essential nitrogen-containing compounds like creatine, peptide hormones, and certain neurotransmitters. Even though allowances are portrayed as meeting biological needs, amino acids.
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INTRO TO CELL RESPIRATION OVERVIEW POGIL: All cells need energy all the time, and their primary source of energy is ATP. The methods cells use to make ATP vary depending on the availability of oxygen and their biological make-up. In many cases the cells are in an oxygen-rich environment. For example, as you sit and read this sentence, you are breathing in oxygen, which is then carried throughout your body by red blood cells. But, some cells grow in environments without oxygen (yeast in wine-making or the bacteria that cause botulism in canned food), and occasionally animal cells must function without sufficient oxygen (as in running sprints). In this activity you will begin to look at the aerobic and anaerobic processes that are used by all organisms to produce ATP. Which statement is NOT true based on this intro
The products formed as a result of cellular respiration are ATP, water and carbon dioxide.
The cells require energy to perform all their cellular functions. The source of energy for them is ATP which is adenosine triphosphate. The amount of ATP which is produced by a cell depends on its requirement and also on the amount of oxygen that is available.
Depending on whether a particular organism requires oxygen or not, they can be classified as aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic organisms are the ones which require oxygen whereas anaerobic organisms do not require oxygen. The reaction for cellular respiration can be represented as:
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
Carbon dioxide, water and ATP are formed as products in this reaction.
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Which of the following processes involves the endocrine system and digestive system working together?
When the hand touches hot food, it is quickly moved away.
Oxygen is carried to blood cells as food is digested in the stomach.
Hormones stimulate the pancreas to release enzymes needed to break down food.
The brain sends signals to the muscles to chew food.
Endocrine system is involved in the production of some chemicals called as hormones and releasing them to blood stream. Hormones stimulate the pancreas to release enzymes needed to break down food is the processes that include the endocrine system and digestive system coordinate together.
What are hormones?Hormones are chemical messengers which is involved in the control and coordination of the body.
These are secreted by endocrine glands. Cholecystokinin is the hormone that helps the pancreas to release enzymes.
Here it can be taken as an example where endocrine system and digestive systems are coordinating with each other.
Thus, the correct option is C.
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What is represented by
region on the sound
wave
Answer:
Compressions and Rarefactions
A vibrating tuning fork is capable of creating such a longitudinal wave. As the tines of the fork vibrate back and forth, they push on neighboring air particles. The forward motion of a tine pushes air molecules horizontally to the right and the backward retraction of the tine creates a low-pressure area allowing the air particles to move back to the left.
Explanation:
These regions are known as compressions and rarefactions respectively. The compressions are regions of high air presure while the rarefactions are regions of low air pressure.
Sound waves can also be shown in a standard x vs y graph, as shown here. This allows us to visualise and work with waves from a mathematical point of view. The resulting curves are known as the "waveform" (i.e. the form of the wave.) The wave shown here represents a constant tone at a set frequency.
Which best states a theme of "Birdfoot's Grampa”?
Never give up, even when victory looks unlikely.
Arguments often occur during family trips.
All living things have value and should be helped.
Traveling by car on dark roads is dangerous.
Answer:
C) "All living things have value and should be helped"
Answer:
C: All living things have value and should be helped.
Explanation:
Portland cement is the most common type of cement used in the world. It is made of limestone and other material. It was first developed in 1756 by John Smeaton Portland. Cement is made through a process of heating and grinding. It sets in hardens is with mix with water.. what is the correct statement about Portland cement?
The statement that is correct is that; Portland is not a mineral because minerals are not man-made. Option C
What is the Portland cement?We can see that the Portland cement is the product of a kind of a chemicals reaction. In this reaction, there is the combination of the water and the limestone and the mixing is what does produce the Portland cement.
We know that Portland cement is the most common type of cement used in the world. It is made of limestone and other material. It was first developed in 1756 by John Smeaton Portland.
The development of the Portland cement was a mile stone in the rea of the building and the construction industry as we know it today in the whole world. The production of the cement makes it to be hard and then able to survive harsh conditions in usage.
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Missing parts;
Use the definition of minerals to choose the correct statement about Portland cement.
Portland cement is the most common type of cement used in the world. It is made of limestone and other material. It was first developed in 1756 by John Smeaton. Portland cement is made through a process of heating and grinding. It sets and hardens when mixed with water.
A
Portland cement is a mineral because all minerals are made of limestone.
B
Portland cement is a mineral because all minerals harden when mixed with water.
C
Portland is not a mineral because minerals are not man-made.
D
Portland cement is not a mineral because minerals aren’t used in daily life.
Consider a cube with length 3cm and another with length 4cm,which of the two cubes will have a a greater surface area volume ratio
Answer:
Cube with length 4cm.
Explanation:
The surface area of cube is 6a^2.
For cube with length 3
A= 6a^2
A= 6 ×(3×3)
=6(9)
= 54cm
For cube b.
A=6(a^2)
= 6×(4×4)
6(16)
= 96cm
I need help if you help me I give you a cookie and 23points ;) deal
Answer:
i think so
Explanation:
Please answer I really need help
Answer:
Lipids
Explanation:
Lipids are responsible for energy storage and makes up the cell membrane
What are two kinds of laws that regulate fishing?
Answer:
Congress authorizes federal agencies to implement laws by creating and enforcing regulations. NOAA Fisheries regulates commercial and recreational fisheries in U.S. waters to preserve and support fish populations and fishing activities for future generations.
Explanation:
Drag the organelle labels to the appropriate pink targets. Then identify the function of each organelle on the blue target
Please help meeee I really need help i need to turn it in
A. the nucleus stores genetic information B. the plasma membrane controls transport
C. the cytoskeleton provides support
D. the golgi processes proteins
E. lysosome: disintegration and recycling
f. flagellum - motion
g. The mitochondrion, which produces energy.
Cell organelles are the collective name for the cellular building blocks. These cell organelles, which are present in the cells and differ in their forms and functions, comprise both membrane-bound organelles and organelles that are not membrane-bound.
For the cell to function normally, they efficiently coordinate and work together. Some of them work by giving shape and support, while others help a cell move and reproduce. The cell has a variety of organelles, which are divided into three groups based on whether or not they have a membrane.
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Could you please help me with this question?
List the following units of time from shortest to longest: age,eon,epoch,era,period, and year
Answer:
year, age, epoch, period, era, eon
Explanation:
The shortest to longest geological time scale units are year, age, epoch, period, era, eon
What is geological time scale?It is the calendar of Earth's historical events. The time scale sub- divided into units of abstract time such as eons, eras, periods, epochs, ages, years.
The geologic time scale is measured based on observable characteristics of different layers on rock surface formed during various time periods and fossils present in every layer.
Dating is the most common method to measure over the time and the most advanced method stratigraphy and geochronology in which any time scale be periodically updated.
Other way to also classify different segment of geological time scale are either by using data of the occurrence of major geologic events and the appearance or disappearance of valuable life-forms.
Hence the correct order from shortest to longest time scale are year, age, epoch, period, era, eon
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Which of these is due entirely to inheritance in humans?
A) Endurance
B) Reading Skill
C)Broken Bones
D) Eye Color
what are the nutrients which undergo digestion ? just give answer in very simplest form?
Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and duodenum in which 3 main enzymes, pepsin secreted by the stomach and trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted by the pancreas, break down food proteins into polypeptides that are then broken down by various exopeptidases and dipeptidases into amino acids.
Answer:
Chemical digestion breaks down different nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, into even smaller parts:
Fats break down into fatty acids and monoglycerides.Nucleic acids break down into nucleotides.Polysaccharides, or carbohydrate sugars, break down into monosaccharides.
Explanation:
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Compare the overall excretory process in plants vs animals in terms of ; organs used and are they specialized?
Answer:
Stomata.
Explanation:
Plants do not have specialized excretory organs like animals. The plant body produces excess carbon dioxide and oxygen which are excreted from the plant through the small opening present on the underside of the leaves called stomata. In the process of photosynthesis, plant produces oxygen and glucose in which glucose is stored in the body whereas oxygen releases through stomata while on the other hand, in respiration process, plant produces carbondioxide gas that is also released through stomata.
what is the relationship of chemoreceptors, carbon dioxide, PH and ventilation rate?
The relationship between chemoreceptors, carbon dioxide, pH and ventilation rate is that the chemoreceptors detect changes in the levels of carbon dioxide and pH in the blood, and signal the brain to adjust the rate of ventilation accordingly to maintain the normal range of carbon dioxide and pH in the body.
What are chemoreceptors?Chemoreceptors are specialized sensory cells that detect changes in the levels of certain chemicals, such as carbon dioxide and pH, in the blood. These receptors are found in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies, which are located near the carotid artery and the aorta, respectively.
Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are sensitive to changes in the levels of carbon dioxide and pH, and they signal the brain to increase or decrease the rate of ventilation accordingly
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Which of these haploid strains produce permease constitutively but do not produce β-galactosidase
a. I+ P+ O+ Z- Y-
b. I+ P+ O- Z+ Y+
c. I- P+ O+ Z-Y+
d. I- P+ O+ Z+ Y-
e. I- P+ O+ Z+ Y+
The answer is : I- P+ O+ Z-Y+
The lac operon genes, which encode vital enzymes for lactose absorption and processing, must be expressed for the bacteria to utilise lactose. E. coli should only express the lac operon when two conditions are met in order to be as effective as possible:
Glucose is not readily available, but lactose is.
The Y gene codes for lactose permease.
In the operon I- P+ O+ Z-Y+, I codes for repressor protein, therefore I- implies this lacks repressor means operon is not inhibited so it is always active.
Z codes for beta-galactosidase in this operon.
This haploid species can produce permease persistently but do not produce -galactosidase since this operon has no functioning Z gene but does have a functional Y gene.
So the answer is : I- P+ O+ Z-Y+
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How should the sperm motility be categorized in this microscopic field of a semen sample viewed at 400X magnification
The sperm motility can be categorized in this microscopic field of a semen sample viewed at 400X magnification - Non-Progressive motility = 2; immotile = 3
Fast and slow progressive motility are calculated from the speed at which sperm migrating the flagella migrate at a certain volume percentage (range 0% to 100%) by counting 200 sperm.
Decreased sperm motility may be a symptom of disorders associated with male accessory gland secretion and the sequential ejection of these glands.
Routine sperm analysis should contain at least 50% progressively motile class A and B sperm. Sperm viability should be checked if more than 50% of the sperm are fixed. Persistent reduced mobility is a good indicator of infertility and is actually the more important outcome when making decisions about treatment options for couples.
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