The central atom of a molecule that exceeds the octet rule must come from period 3 or below.
This is because elements in these periods have empty d-orbitals available for hybridization, which allows them to form more than four covalent bonds and exceed the octet rule.
Examples of such elements include sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), and chlorine (Cl). Elements in higher periods, such as xenon (Xe) and radon (Rn), can also exceed the octet rule but are relatively rare in organic chemistry.
It is important to note that not all atoms follow the octet rule, and some can have fewer than eight electrons in their valence shell due to their unique electronic configurations.
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To begin the experiment, 1. 65g of methane CH4 is burned in a bomb calorimeter containing 1000 grams of water. The initial temperature of water is 18. 98oC. The specific heat of water is 4. 184 J/g oC. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 615 J/ oC. After the reaction the final temperature of the water is 36. 38oC.
5. The total heat absorbed by the water and the calorimeter can be by adding the heat calculated in steps 3 and 4. The amount of heat released by the reaction is equal to the amount of heat absorbed with the negative sign as this is an exothermic reaction. (2pts)
a. Using the formula ΔH = - (qcal + qwater ) , calculate the total heat of combustion. Show your work.
b. Convert heat of combustion (answer from part a) from joules to kilojoules. Show your work. 6. Evaluate the information contained in this calculation and complete the following sentence: (2pts) This calculation shows that burning _______ grams of methane [TAKES IN] / [GIVES OFF] energy (Choose one).
7. The molar mass of methane is 16. 04 g/mol. Calculate the number of moles of methane burned in the experiment. Show your work. (2pts)
8. What is the experimental molar heat of combustion in KJ/mol? Show your work. (2pts)
9. The accepted value for the heat of combustion of methane is -890 KJ/mol. Explain why the experimental data might differ from the theoretical value in 2-3 complete sentences. (2pts)
10. Given the formula: % error= |(theoretical value - experimental value)/theoretical value)| x 100 Calculate the percent error. Show your work. (2pts)
The heat of combustion of methane is -802.41 kJ/mol, indicating that the combustion of methane is an exothermic reaction that releases heat energy.
To calculate the heat of combustion of methane, we can use formula:
q = (m_water x C_water x ΔT) + (C_cal x ΔT)
Plugging in the values, we get:
q = (1000 g x 4.184 J/g°C x 17.4°C) + (615 J/°C x 17.4°C)
q = 21997.45 J
Next, we need to calculate the number of moles of methane burned:
moles [tex]CH_4[/tex] = mass [tex]CH_4[/tex] / molar mass [tex]CH_4[/tex]
moles [tex]CH_4[/tex] = 65 g / 16.04 g/mol
moles [tex]CH_4[/tex] = 4.05 mol
Finally, we can calculate the heat of combustion per mole of methane:
ΔH = q / moles [tex]CH_4[/tex]
ΔH = -802.41 kJ/mol
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--The complete Question is, 1. 65g of methane CH4 is burned in a bomb calorimeter containing 1000 grams of water. The initial temperature of water is 18. 98oC. The specific heat of water is 4. 184 J/g oC. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 615 J/ oC. After the reaction the final temperature of the water is 36. 38oC.--
Which words would be under the subheading "Ingredients"?
(Heading) Old Hunting Recipe for Rhinoceros Stew
(Subheading) Ingredients:
hair
broth
pepper
rhinoceros
hare
salt
water
onions
The words listed under the subheading "Ingredients" for the recipe "Old Hunting Recipe for Rhinoceros Stew" would be: Rhinoceros, Hare, Onions, Water, Broth, Salt, Pepper, and Hair.
What word would be listed?Under the subheading "Ingredients" for the recipe "Old Hunting Recipe for Rhinoceros Stew," the following words would be listed:
RhinocerosHareOnionsWaterBrothSaltPepperHair (Note: this is an unusual ingredient and may be questioned as to its necessity in the recipe)
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Given 2NaOH + Cl2 NaCl + NaClO + H2O
How many moles of NaOH are needed to form 2. 3 moles NaClO?
From the balanced chemical equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of NaOH reacted, we get 1 mole of NaClO produced. Therefore, 4.6 moles of NaOH are needed to form 2.3 moles of NaClO.
The chemical equation for the reaction balances out as follows:
2NaOH + Cl2 → NaCl + NaClO + H₂O
From the equation, we can see that 2 moles of NaOH react with 1 mole of Cl₂, 1 mole of NaCl, 1 mole of NaClO, and 1 mole of water. Therefore, the stoichiometric ratio of NaOH to NaClO is 2:1, i.e., 2 moles of NaOH reacts with 1 mole of NaClO.
To find out how many moles of NaOH are needed to form 2.3 moles of NaClO, we can use the following proportion:
2 moles NaOH : 1 mole NaClO = x moles NaOH : 2.3 moles NaClO
By cross-multiplication, we get:
2 moles NaOH × 2.3 moles NaClO = 1 mole NaClO × x moles NaOH
4.6 moles NaOH = x moles NaOH
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How do you cook a spiral ham without drying it out?.
The best way to cook a spiral ham without drying it out is to use the low and slow method.
What is method ?A method is a procedure or a technique used to produce the intended results. It is a methodical technique to problem solving that entails dividing a task into smaller components and carrying them out in a specified manner.
Methods are employed in every aspect of life, including commerce, engineering, and mathematics. In the sciences, where the scientific method is applied to test hypotheses and derive conclusions, methods are particularly crucial.
This entails cooking the gammon for a longer amount of time (approximately 15 minutes per pound) at a low temperature (about 325°F). Remove the gammon from its plastic wrapper before cooking it, and set it in a shallow roasting pan.
After that, cover the ham with foil, making sure that it is tightly sealed. Then, place the ham in the oven and cook it for the recommended length of time. Lastly, about 10 minutes before the end of the cooking time, remove the foil and brush the ham with a glaze of your choosing. This will help add flavor and moisture to the ham and help keep it from drying out.
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A piece of unknown metal with a mass of 23.8 g is heated to 100.0°C and is dropped into 50.0 g of water at 24.0°C. The final temperature is 32.5°C. What is the specific heat of the metal?
The metal has a specific heat of 0.385 J/g°C.
To solve for the specific heat of the metal, we need to use the equation:
Q = mCΔT
where Q is the heat transferred, m is the mass of the substance, C is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
In this case, the heat transferred from the metal to the water can be calculated as:
Q = mcΔT
where c is the specific heat of water (4.184 J/g°C) and ΔT is the change in temperature of the water (from 24.0°C to 32.5°C).
Q = (50.0 g)(4.184 J/g°C)(32.5°C - 24.0°C)
Q = 1743.8 J
The heat transferred from the metal to the water is equal to the heat absorbed by the metal:
Q = mCΔT
where m is the mass of the metal and ΔT is the change in temperature of the metal (from 100.0°C to 32.5°C).
1743.8 J = (23.8 g)C(100.0°C - 32.5°C)
C = 0.385 J/g°C
Therefore, the specific heat of the metal is 0.385 J/g°C.
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someone pls help will give brainliest
a buffer solution is prepared by adding nhaci
to a solution of nh3 (ammonia).
nh3(aq) + h2o(l) = nh4+ (aq) + oh-(aq)
what happens if naoh is added?
a
b
shifts to
reactants
remains
the same
shifts to
products
The equilibrium will shift in favour of the products as a result of the addition of NaOH, producing more [tex]NH_4^+[/tex] and [tex]OH^-[/tex] ions. This will raise the solution's pH.
An increase in the concentration of one of the ions dissociated in the solution by the addition of another species containing the same ion will result in an increase in the degree of association of ions in a solution where there are several species associating with each other via a chemical equilibrium process. The equilibrium will shift in favour of the products as a result of the addition of NaOH, producing more [tex]NH_4^+[/tex] and [tex]OH^-[/tex] ions. This will raise the solution's pH.
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2502(g) + O. (g) = 2S0 (g) + 392 kJ
Determine the amount of heat released by the production of 1. 0 mole of SO3 (g)
The amount of heat released by the production of 1.0 mole of SO3(g) is 196 kJ.
To determine the amount of heat released by the production of 1.0 mole of SO3(g), we need to first balance the chemical equation:
2SO2(g) + O2(g) = 2SO3(g) + 392 kJ
Now, we can see that 2 moles of SO3 are produced by releasing 392 kJ of heat. To find the heat released for 1 mole of SO3, we can set up a proportion:
(392 kJ) / (2 moles of SO3) = x kJ / (1 mole of SO3)
Solving for x:
x = (1 mole of SO3) * (392 kJ) / (2 moles of SO3)
x = 196 kJ
So, the amount of heat released by the production of 1.0 mole of SO3(g) is 196 kJ.
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Illustrate that the mass of an atom of element X is equivalent to the total mass of 7 hydrogen atoms. Name the element represented by X?
By comparing the mass of one atom of element X to the total mass of 7 hydrogen atoms, we can determine the element represented by X.
The mass of an atom is determined by the total number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom, while electrons are located in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.
To illustrate that the mass of an atom of element X is equivalent to the total mass of 7 hydrogen atoms, we first need to determine the mass of an atom of hydrogen and the mass of an atom of element X.
The mass of an atom of hydrogen is approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu). Therefore, the total mass of 7 hydrogen atoms is 7 amu.
Now, let's assume that the mass of an atom of element X is also 7 amu. This means that the total number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in one atom of element X is equivalent to the total number in 7 hydrogen atoms.
Therefore, the element represented by X is nitrogen. The atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.007 amu, which is equivalent to the total mass of 7 hydrogen atoms.
In summary, the mass of an atom is determined by the total number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom. By comparing the mass of one atom of element X to the total mass of 7 hydrogen atoms, we can determine the element represented by X.
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A solution is 0.010 m in ba2+ and 0.020 m in ca2+
required:
a. if sodium sulfate is used to selectively precipitate one of the cations while leaving the other cation in solution, which cation will precipitate first? what minimum concentration of na2so4 will trigger the precipitation of the cation that precipitates first?
b. what is the remaining concentration of the cation that precipitates first, when the other cation begins to precipitate?
a. In a solution that is 0.010 M in Ba²⁺ and 0.020 M in Ca²⁺, when sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) is used to selectively precipitate one of the cations, the cation that will precipitate first is Ba²⁺. The minimum concentration of Na₂SO₄ that trigger the precipitation of the cation that precipitates first is 5.5 x 10^-9 M Na₂SO₄.
b. The remaining concentration of the cation that precipitates first, when the other cation begins to precipitate is 2.0 x 10^-2 M.
Let us discuss this in detail.
a. To determine which cation will precipitate first, we need to compare the solubility product constants (Ksp) of their respective sulfates. The Ksp for BaSO₄ is 1.1 x 10^-10 and the Ksp for CaSO₄ is 2.4 x 10^-5. Since the Ksp for CaSO₄ is much larger, it means that CaSO₄ is more soluble than BaSO₄. Therefore, Ba²⁺ will precipitate first.
To calculate the minimum concentration of Na₂SO₄ needed to trigger the precipitation of Ba²⁺, we need to use the common ion effect. This means that we need to add enough sulfate ions to the solution to exceed the solubility product constant of BaSO₄. The equation for the dissociation of Na₂SO₄ is:
Na₂SO₄(s) → 2 Na⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)
Since we have 0.010 M Ba²⁺ in the solution, we need to add enough SO₄²⁻ ions to exceed the Ksp of BaSO₄. This can be calculated using the equation:
Ksp = [Ba²⁺][SO₄²⁻]
1.1 x 10^-10 = (0.010 M)(x)
x = 1.1 x 10^-8 M
This means that we need to add at least 1.1 x 10^-8 M SO₄²⁻ ions to trigger the precipitation of Ba²⁺. Since Na₂SO₄ dissociates to give 2 SO₄²⁻ ions for every formula unit, we need to add:
(1.1 x 10^-8 M) / 2 = 5.5 x 10^-9 M Na₂SO₄
b. Once Ba²⁺ starts to precipitate, the concentration of Ba²⁺ ions in the solution will decrease until it reaches a new equilibrium. At this point, the concentration of Ca²⁺ will still be 0.020 M. To calculate the new concentration of Ba²⁺ at this equilibrium, we need to use the equation:
Ksp = [Ba²⁺][SO₄²⁻]
1.1 x 10^-10 = (x)(5.5 x 10^-9 M)
x = 2.0 x 10^-2 M
Therefore, the remaining concentration of Ba²⁺ at equilibrium will be 2.0 x 10^-2 M.
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How many moles of HCl can be made from 6.15 mol H₂ and an excess of Cl₂?
(Remember to write and balance the chemical equation before calculating your answer)
The number of moles of the HCl that can be made from the 6.15 mol H₂ and the excess of the Cl₂ is 12.3 mol.
The balanced chemical equation is :
H₂ + Cl₂ ---> 2HCl
The number of moles of H₂ = 6.15 mol
The number of moles of any substance = mass / molar mass
The 1 mole of H₂ produces the 2 moles of HCl
The molar ratio in between the H₂ and the HCl is 1 : 2
The number of moles of HCl = 2 × 6.15 mol
The number of moles of HCl = 12.3 mol
Therefore, the total number of moles of HCl produces in the reaction is 12.3 moles.
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How many grams of potassium sulfate would be recovered by evaporating 623 mL of 22. 5 % potassium sulfate solution to dryness (d = 1. 23 g/mL)?
How many grams of hydrobromic acid are in 100. 0 mL of 11. 0 M hydrobromic acid solution?
A 525. 0 mL sample of 5. 50 M sulfuric acid has a density of 1. 49 g/mL. Express the concentration of the solution in mass percent.
Consider the following equation:
sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide → water + sodium sulfate
A 15. 0 mL sample of sulfuric acid required 25. 5 mL of 0. 546 M sodium hydroxide for neutralization. Calculate the molarity of the acid. (Hint: start by writing and balancing the equation)
In the following problems, various calculations related to solutions and chemical reactions are performed, including percent composition, molarity, and neutralization. The setup and units are provided, and the final answers are shown.
Let's proceed with the calculations:
1. Mass of NaOH = 22.5 g
Mass of water = 75.0 g
Total mass of solution = 22.5 g + 75.0 g = 97.5 g
% composition of NaOH = (mass of NaOH/total mass of solution) x 100%
= (22.5 g/97.5 g) x 100%
= 23.08%
% composition of water = (mass of water/total mass of solution) x 100%
= (75.0 g/97.5 g) x 100%
= 76.92%
2. Volume of solution = 3.00 L
Concentration of solution = 0.065 M
moles = concentration x volume
= 0.065 M x 3.00 L
= 0.195 mol
Therefore, 0.195 mol of aluminum nitrate are required.
3. Mass of aluminum nitrate = 7.50 g
Molar mass of aluminum nitrate = 213.0 g/mol
Concentration of solution = 0.500 M
moles of aluminum nitrate = mass/molar mass
= 7.50 g/213.0 g/mol
= 0.035 mol
Volume of solution = moles/concentration
= 0.035 mol/0.500 M
= 0.070 L = 70 mL
Therefore, 70 mL of 0.500 M solution can be prepared.
4. Volume of 15.0 M ammonium hydroxide required = (0.30 M/15.0 M) x 175.0 mL
= 3.50 mL
Therefore, 3.50 mL of 15.0 M ammonium hydroxide are needed.
5. Volume of potassium sulfate solution = 623 mL
% composition of potassium sulfate in solution = 22.5%
Density of solution = 1.23 g/mL
Mass of solution = volume x density
= 623 mL x 1.23 g/mL
= 766.29 g
Mass of potassium sulfate = % composition x mass of solution/100
= 22.5% x 766.29 g/100
= 172.91 g
Therefore, 172.91 g of potassium sulfate would be recovered.
6. Volume of hydrobromic acid solution = 100.0 mL
Concentration of hydrobromic acid solution = 11.0 M
Molar mass of hydrobromic acid = 80.91 g/mol
moles of hydrobromic acid = concentration x volume
= 11.0 M x 0.100 L
= 1.10 mol
Mass of hydrobromic acid = moles x molar mass
= 1.10 mol x 80.91 g/mol
= 88.99 g
Therefore, 88.99 g of hydrobromic acid are present in 100.0 mL of 11.0 M hydrobromic acid solution.
7. Volume of sulfuric acid sample = 525.0 mL
Concentration of sulfuric acid = 5.50 M
Density of sulfuric acid sample = 1.49 g/mL
Mass of sulfuric acid sample = volume x density
= 525.0 mL x 1.49 g/mL
= 779.25 g
Mass percent of sulfuric acid = (mass of sulfuric acid / total mass of solution) x 100%
= (779.25 g / 779.25 g) x 100%
= 100%
Therefore, the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution in mass percent is 100%.
8. The balanced equation for the reaction is:
H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH -> 2H₂O + Na₂SO₄
According to the balanced equation, the molar ratio between sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is 1:2.
Volume of sulfuric acid sample = 15.0 mL
Volume of sodium hydroxide solution = 25.5 mL
Concentration of sodium hydroxide solution = 0.546 M
Moles of sodium hydroxide = concentration x volume
= 0.546 M x 25.5 mL
= 0.01397 mol
From the balanced equation, 1 mole of sulfuric acid reacts with 2 moles of sodium hydroxide. Therefore, the moles of sulfuric acid in the sample are half of the moles of sodium hydroxide.
Moles of sulfuric acid = 0.01397 mol / 2
= 0.006985 mol
Volume of sulfuric acid sample = 15.0 mL = 0.0150 L
Molarity of sulfuric acid = moles of sulfuric acid / volume of sulfuric acid
= 0.006985 mol / 0.0150 L
= 0.4657 M
Therefore, the molarity of the sulfuric acid is 0.4657 M.
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Complete question :
Show all calculation setups, including units, for all problems, and enter answer(s), including units and correct significant figures, on the line(s).
1. What will be the percent composition by mass of a solution made by dissolving 22.5 g of sodium hydroxide in 75.0 g water? NaOH
2. How many moles of aluminum nitrate are required to prepare 3.00 L of 0.065 M solution?
3. How many milliliters of 0.500 M solution can be prepared by dissolving 7.50 g of aluminum nitrate in water?
4. How many milliliters of 15.0 M ammonium hydroxide are needed to prepare 175.0 mL of 0.30 M ammonium hydroxide solution? 133
5. How many grams of potassium sulfate would be recovered by evaporating 623 mL of 22.5 % potassium sulfate solution to dryness (d 1.23 g/mL)?
6. How many grams of hydrobromic acid are in 100.0 mL of 11.0 M hydrobromic acid solution?
7. A 525.0 mL sample of 5.50 M sulfuric acid has a density of 1.49 g/mL. Express the concentration of the solution in mass percent. water +
8. Consider the following equation: sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium sulfate A 15.0 mL sample of sulfuric acid required 25.5 mL of 0.546 M sodium hydroxide for neutralization. Calculate the molarity of the acid. (Hint: start by writing and balancing the equation)
Bailey got sick and heard that he should gargle salt water to help his throat. He adds 25g of salt(NaCl) to a cup with 250mL of water(H2O). What is the concentration of this salt water in mol/L? Sodium has atomic mass 22. 99g/mol and chlorine has atomic mass 35. 45g/mol
The concentration of the salt water solution is 1.71 mol/L.
When Bailey got sick, he was advised to gargle salt water to help ease the pain in his throat. To make the salt water solution, he added 25g of salt (NaCl) to a cup containing 250mL of water (H2O). Now we need to determine the concentration of this salt water solution in mol/L.
To do this, we first need to find the number of moles of NaCl in the solution. We can calculate this by dividing the mass of NaCl by its molar mass, which is the sum of the atomic masses of sodium and chlorine. The atomic mass of sodium is 22.99g/mol and that of chlorine is 35.45g/mol, so the molar mass of NaCl is 58.44g/mol.
Number of moles of NaCl = 25g ÷ 58.44g/mol = 0.427mol
Next, we need to find the volume of the solution in liters, which is 250mL ÷ 1000mL/L = 0.25L.
Finally, we can calculate the concentration of the salt water solution by dividing the number of moles of NaCl by the volume of the solution in liters.
Concentration of salt water solution = 0.427mol ÷ 0.25L = 1.71 mol/L
Therefore, the concentration of the salt water solution is 1.71 mol/L. This means that for every liter of the solution, there are 1.71 moles of NaCl present. It is important to note that this concentration is much higher than what is typically recommended for gargling salt water, which is usually a 0.9% (or 0.154 mol/L) solution.
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Blackworms were collected from an environment with an acidic pH, and the pulse rates were measured. Predict the outcome of the measurements. [2 pt] The pH of the nevironment would have no effect on pulse rate. The pulse rate would be increased to minimize the effects of acidosis. The pulse rate would be increased to minimize the effects of alkalosis. The pulse rate would be decreased to minimize the effects of acidosis
The outcome of pulse rate measurements in blackworms collected from an acidic environment will likely depend on how the blackworms respond to changes in pH and whether they experience acidosis or alkalosis as a result.
It is difficult to predict the outcome of pulse rate measurements in blackworms collected from an environment with an acidic pH without more information about the blackworms' physiological responses to changes in pH. However, it is known that changes in pH can have significant effects on the body's internal environment, leading to either acidosis or alkalosis. Acidosis occurs when the pH of the blood drops below normal, leading to an increase in acidity, while alkalosis occurs when the pH of the blood rises above normal, leading to a decrease in acidity. Both acidosis and alkalosis can affect pulse rates. In the case of acidosis, the pulse rate may increase in order to compensate for the effects of increased acidity. Conversely, in alkalosis, the pulse rate may decrease in order to minimize the effects of decreased acidity.
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Calcium Carbonate reacts with HCl to produce Calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.(I) calculate the number of moles of CO2 produced from 36.5g of HCl (ii) Calculate the amount of Calcium chloride produced (in g) when 3 moles of calcium Carbonate reacts with HCl
Answer:
i. 0.50 mol CO2
ii. 332.94g CaCl2
Explanation:
CaCO3 + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
i. 36.5g HCl * 1 mol HCl/36.46g HCl * 1 mol CO2/2 mol HCl = 0.50 mol CO2
ii. 3 mol CaCO3 * 1 mol CaCl2/1 mol CaCO3 * 110.98g CaCl2/1 mol CaCl2 = 332.94g CaCl2
PLEASE HELP QUICKLY
The diagram shows the potential energy changes for a reaction pathway. (10 points)
Part 1: Does the diagram illustrate an endothermic or an exothermic reaction? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Part 2: Describe how you can determine the total change in enthalpy and activation energy from the diagram and if each is positive or negative.
Part 1: This diagram depicts an endothermic reaction. Because the products have a higher potential energy than the reactants, energy is absorbed during the reaction.
Furthermore, the energy level of the products is greater than the reaction's activation energy, showing that energy must be given to the system for the reaction to occur.
Part 2: To calculate the total enthalpy change (H) from the diagram, subtract the energy of the reactants from the energy of the products. Because the energy of the products is greater than the energy of the reactants in an endothermic reaction, H will be positive.
To calculate the activation energy (Ea) from the diagram, subtract the energy of the reactants from the energy of the transition state. The activation energy is the smallest amount of energy required for the reaction to occur, hence it is the difference in energy between the reactants and the highest point on the diagram.
Ea will be positive in this situation because energy must be added to the system to achieve the transition state.
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In air, nitric oxide gas reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide,
which appears brown in color:
2 no(g) + o2(g) = 2no,(9)
what mass in grams of nitrogen dioxide would be produced by the
complete reaction of 0.551 grams of nitric oxide gas?
The complete reaction of 0.551 grams of nitric oxide gas would produce 0.846 grams of nitrogen dioxide.
The given chemical equation shows that 2 moles of nitric oxide (NO) gas reacts with 1 mole of oxygen (O2) gas to produce 2 moles of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Therefore, the stoichiometric ratio of NO to NO2 is 2:2 or 1:1. This means that for every 1 mole of NO gas, 1 mole of NO2 gas is produced.
To determine the mass of NO2 produced from 0.551 grams of NO gas, we need to first convert the mass of NO into moles using its molar mass. The molar mass of NO is 30.01 g/mol (14.01 g/mol for N and 16.00 g/mol for O).
0.551 g of NO is equivalent to 0.551 g / 30.01 g/mol = 0.0184 moles of NO.
Since the stoichiometric ratio of NO to NO2 is 1:1, the number of moles of NO2 produced will also be 0.0184 moles.
The molar mass of NO2 is 46.01 g/mol (14.01 g/mol for N and 2 x 16.00 g/mol for 2 O atoms).
Therefore, the mass of NO2 produced will be:
0.0184 moles x 46.01 g/mol = 0.846 grams.
Hence, the complete reaction of 0.551 grams of nitric oxide gas would produce 0.846 grams of nitrogen dioxide.
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Toad and Toadette just had their first little toadstool! Toad's family is known to be purebred dominant for red spots on their white cap. Everyone was shocked when Little Toad was born with a white cap with white spots instead of red. Toadette is very upset as she thinks the Mushroom Kingdom Hospital accidentally switched babies. Is this true? Did the hospital really switch babies? Choose either "yes" or "no" and defend your answer.
No, it is not true that the hospital accidentally switched babies. The trait is most likely due to the inheritance of two recessive alleles.
Inheritance of recessive genesToad's family being purebred dominant for red spots on their white cap means that they have two copies of the dominant allele for red spots on their cap.
However, Toadette may carry one copy of the dominant allele and one copy of the recessive allele for white spots on the cap. If Toad also carries one copy of the recessive allele, there is a chance that their offspring may inherit the recessive allele from both parents, resulting in a white cap with white spots.
Therefore, it is entirely possible for Little Toad to inherit the recessive allele for white spots from Toadette and Toad and display the trait. There is no need to suspect the hospital of switching babies as the genetics of the situation explains the observed outcome.
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In the 17th group of modern periodic table, there are Flourine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine respectively. Which element has the highest ability to receive electrons? Why?
In the 17th group of the modern periodic table, fluorine has the highest ability to receive electrons.
This is because it has the highest electronegativity among the elements in this group, making it more likely to attract and accept electrons from other elements during chemical reactions.
Fluorine is indeed the most electronegative element in the periodic table. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's tendency to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
Fluorine's high electronegativity arises from its small atomic size and strong nuclear charge, which results in a strong attraction for electrons.
Due to its high electronegativity, fluorine has a strong ability to attract and accept electrons from other elements during chemical reactions. It readily forms covalent bonds by sharing electrons with less electronegative elements.
Fluorine's electron affinity and its ability to form stable, negatively charged ions make it a strong oxidizing agent.
It's worth noting that the trend of increasing electronegativity generally follows from left to right across a period and decreases down a group in the periodic table.
Therefore, while fluorine is the most electronegative element in Group 17 (the halogens), it may not necessarily have the highest ability to receive electrons among all elements in the 17th group.
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A chemist determined that a sample contains 20g of hydrogen and 320g of oxygen is this sample water or hydrogen peroxide?
The sample containing 20g of hydrogen and 320g of oxygen is hydrogen peroxide.
To determine if the sample containing 20g of hydrogen and 320g of oxygen is water or hydrogen peroxide, we'll analyze the molar ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in each compound.
Find the moles of hydrogen and oxygen in the sample:
For hydrogen, the molar mass is 1g/mol. So, moles of hydrogen = 20g / 1g/mol = 20 moles.
For oxygen, the molar mass is 16g/mol. So, moles of oxygen = 320g / 16g/mol = 20 moles.
Calculate the molar ratio of hydrogen to oxygen:
Molar ratio = moles of hydrogen / moles of oxygen = 20 moles / 20 moles = 1:1.
Water (H₂O) has a molar ratio of 2:1 for hydrogen to oxygen, while hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) has a molar ratio of 1:1 for hydrogen to oxygen.
Thus, the sample containing 20g of hydrogen and 320g of oxygen is hydrogen peroxide, as its molar ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 1:1, which matches the molar ratio found in hydrogen peroxide.
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How many joules are required to raise the temperature of 100.0 grams of water from -269 degrees celsius to 1500 degrees celsius
About 739,982.4 Joules energy is required to raise the temperature of 100.0 grams of water from -269 degrees Celsius to 1500 degrees Celsius.
The formula for the change in heat is,
Q = mcΔT, the amount of energy required is Q, m is the mass of water, specific heat capacity of water is c, the change in temperature is ΔT,
ΔT = 1500°C - (-269°C)
ΔT = 1769°C
Next, we can look up the specific heat capacity of water, which is 4.184 J/g°C. Then, we can substitute the values into the formula,
Q = 100.0 g * 4.184 J/g°C * 1769°C
Q = 739,982.4 J
Therefore, it would require 739,982.4 Joules of energy to raise the temperature of 100.0 grams of water from -269 degrees Celsius to 1500 degrees Celsius.
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Since Mars has less mass than Earth, the surface gravity on Mars is less than the surface gravity on Earth. The surface gravity on Mars is only about 38% of the surface gravity on Earth, so if you weigh 100 pounds on Earth, how much would you weigh on Mars? How did you figure this out?
If you weigh 100 pounds on Earth, you would weigh approximately 38 pounds on Mars. This is because the gravitational force that you experience on Mars is only about 38% of the gravitational force that you experience on Earth due to the difference in the masses of the two planets.
To figure out how much you would weigh on Mars if you weigh 100 pounds on Earth, we can use the fact that the surface gravity on Mars is approximately 38% of the surface gravity on Earth. This means that your weight on Mars would be 38% of your weight on Earth.
We can start by calculating what 38% of 100 pounds is:
38% of 100 pounds = (38/100) x 100 pounds = 0.38 x 100 pounds = 38 pounds
Hence, if you weigh 100 pounds on Earth, you will weigh around 38 pounds on Mars. Because of the difference in the masses of the two planets, the gravitational force you experience on Mars is only roughly 38% of the gravitational force you experience on Earth.
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What percentage of isopropyl alcohol is best for disinfecting?.
Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is an effective disinfectant when used in the appropriate concentration.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends using solutions with at least 70% IPA for disinfecting surfaces against COVID-19.
Higher concentrations (e.g., 90-99%) of isopropyl alcohol may evaporate too quickly to be effective, while lower concentrations (e.g., 50%) may not be strong enough to kill certain types of germs.
It is also important to follow proper application procedures and allow sufficient contact time for the disinfectant to work effectively.
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2. If 13. 5 L of nitrogen gas reacts with 17. 8 L of hydrogen gas at SIP, according to the following reaction, what mass of ammonia would be produced?
N2
*
3 H2 - 2 NH3
The mass of ammonia that will be produced according to the reaction given would be 17.9 g.
Stoichiometric problemThe balanced equation for the reaction is:
[tex]N_2 + 3H_2 -- > 2NH_3[/tex]
Also:
PV = nRT
The number of moles of nitrogen and hydrogen involved in the reaction can be calculated as:
n(N2) = (1x 13.5) / (0.08206) = 0.526 moln(H2) = (1x 17.8) / (0.08206) = 0.698 molFrom the balanced equation, we can see that the limiting reactant is nitrogen since it reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to produce 2 moles of ammonia.
n(NH3) = (2 mol NH3 / 1 mol N2) x 0.526 mol N2 = 1.05 mol NH3
Mass of ammonia = mole x molar mass
= 1.05 mol x 17.03 g/mol
= 17.9 g
In other words, the mass of ammonia produced is 17.9 g.
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How many liters of 0. 75M KCl would you need if you required 2. 0 moles of the solute
To calculate the volume of 0.75 M KCl solution required to obtain 2.0 moles of the solute, we can use the formula:
moles = concentration x volume
Rearranging this formula, we get:
volume = moles / concentration
Substituting the given values, we get:
volume = 2.0 moles / 0.75 M
volume = 2.67 L
Therefore, you would need 2.67 liters of 0.75 M KCl solution to obtain 2.0 moles of the solute.
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Calculate the pressure of methane gas at 60degree celcius when the initial pressure was 102 650 pascal's at 76 degree celsius.the volume was kept constant with the fixed amount of a gas.
To calculate the pressure of methane gas at 60 degrees Celsius, we can use the ideal gas law equation:
P1/T1 = P2/T2
Where P1 denotes the starting pressure, T1 the starting temperature, P2 the desired final pressure, and T2 the desired final temperature.
We'll need to convert the temperatures to Kelvin, as the ideal gas law equation requires temperature in Kelvin.
Initial temperature (T1) = 76 + 273.15 = 349.15 K
Final temperature (T2) = 60 + 273.15 = 333.15 K
We can now enter the values we have:
102650/349.15 = P2/333.15
Solving for P2:
P2 = (102650 * 333.15)/349.15
P2 = 98,066.86 Pascal's
Therefore, the pressure of methane gas at 60 degrees Celsius when the initial pressure was 102650 Pascal's at 76 degrees Celsius, with constant volume and fixed amount of gas, is 98,066.86 Pascal's.
What do you mean by Ideal gas law?
The behaviour of an Ideal gas is described by the Ideal gas law, a key equation in thermodynamics. PV = nRT is the formula for this equation, where P is the gas's pressure, V is its volume, n is the number of moles, R is the global gas constant, and T is the gas's absolute temperature.
The Ideal gas law assumes that the gas is composed of a large number of small particles that are in constant random motion and that there are no intermolecular forces between the particles. It also assumes that the volume of the gas molecules is negligible compared to the volume of the container in which the gas is held.
The Ideal gas law can be used to determine the pressure, volume, temperature, or number of moles of an ideal gas, given the values of the other variables. It is particularly useful in applications such as thermodynamics, chemistry, and engineering, where it can be used to analyze and design gas-powered systems and processes.
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The molar solubility of C a ( O H ) 2 was experimentally determined to be 0. 020 M. Based on this value, what is the K s p of C a ( O H ) 2 ?
Answer:
Ksp = [tex]3.2*10^{-5}[/tex]
Explanation:
If 0.020 M of Ca(OH)2 dissociates, then we can follow the Ksp formula.
Ksp = [tex][A]^{a} [B]^{b}[/tex] Eq.1
[tex]Ca(OH)2 -- > Ca^{2+} (aq) + 2 OH^{-} (aq)[/tex] Eq.2
[tex]0.02M Ca(OH)2 -- > 0.02 M Ca^{2+} + 2*0.02 M OH^{-}[/tex]
Here, Ca is our A and since it has a coefficient of 1, a = 1
OH is our B. The concentration is doubled because there are 2 moles of OH per mole of Ca(OH)2. Due to this it also has a coefficient of two (Eq.2), making b = 2.
Ksp = [tex][0.02][0.02*2]^{2}[/tex]
Ksp = 0.000032
Ksp = [tex]3.2*10^{-5}[/tex]
A solution made by dissolving licl in water to make 85. 0 g solution. The solution has a density of 1. 46 g/ml. The resulting concentration is 1. 60 m. How much licl is in the solution?.
There are 3.95 grams of [tex]LiCl[/tex] in the solution.
The density of the solution is 1.46 g/mL, so the volume of the solution is:
volume = mass / density
volume = 85.0 g / 1.46 g/mL
volume = 58.22 mL
The concentration of the solution is 1.60 M, which means there are 1.60 moles of [tex]LiCl[/tex] in 1 liter of solution. To find the number of moles of [tex]LiCl[/tex]in the 58.22 mL of solution, we can use the following equation:
moles = concentration x volume (in liters)
First, we need to convert the volume of the solution to liters:
volume = 58.22 mL / 1000 mL/L
volume = 0.05822 L
Now we can calculate the number of moles of [tex]LiCl[/tex] in the solution:
moles = 1.60 M x 0.05822 L
moles = 0.0932 moles
Finally, we can calculate the mass of[tex]LiCl[/tex]in the solution using its molar mass:
mass = moles x molar mass
mass = 0.0932 moles x 42.39 g/mol
mass = 3.95 g
Therefore, there are 3.95 grams of [tex]LiCl[/tex] in the solution.
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A 22 -ml sample of 12m h2so4 is diluted to a volume of 1200.0 ml. what is the molarity of the diluted solution?
The molarity of the solution diluted to the 1200.0 ml volume is found to be 0.220M.
The number of moles of H₂SO₄ in the original 22 mL solution can be calculated using the following formula,
moles of H₂SO₄ = Molarity × Volume (in liters)
22 mL = 22/1000 L
= 0.022 L
Substituting the given values, we get,
moles of H₂SO₄ = 12 M × 0.022 L
= 0.264 moles
The number of moles of H₂SO₄ will not change once the solution is diluted to a volume of 1200.0 mL since no H₂SO₄ is added or taken away. Consequently, the following formula can be used to determine the molarity of the diluted solution:
Molarity = moles of H₂SO₄ / Volume (in liters)
Again, we need to convert the volume to liters,
1200.0 mL = 1200.0/1000 L
= 1.200 L
Substituting the values, we get,
Molarity = 0.264 moles / 1.200 L
= 0.220 M
Therefore, the molarity of the diluted solution is 0.220 M.
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What is the volume of 34. 6 mol O2 at 2. 5 atm and 30 oC?
The answer is is approximately 344.16 L.
To find the volume of 34.6 mol O2 at 2.5 atm and 30°C, we can use the Ideal Gas Law equation: PV = nRT.
In this equation:
P = pressure (2.5 atm)
V = volume (which we need to find)
n = moles of gas (34.6 mol O2)
R = ideal gas constant (0.0821 L atm/mol K)
T = temperature in Kelvin (30°C + 273.15 = 303.15 K)
Rearrange the equation to solve for V: V = nRT / P
Now, plug in the values: V = (34.6 mol)(0.0821 L atm/mol K)(303.15 K) / (2.5 atm)
Calculate the volume: V ≈ 344.16 L
The volume of 34.6 mol O2 at 2.5 atm and 30°C is approximately 344.16 L.
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What patterns do you notice in the table in terms of protons, electrons, and valence electrons? how might these relate to an element being a metal or nonmetal?
The patterns in the periodic table concerning protons, electrons, and valence electrons can help us understand the properties of elements, including whether they are metals or nonmetals. The position of an element in the table and the number of valence electrons it possesses are crucial factors in determining its behavior and reactivity.
Patterns in the periodic table in terms of protons, electrons, and valence electrons, and how these might relate to an element being a metal or nonmetal.
In the periodic table, you'll notice the following patterns:
1. The number of protons (also known as the atomic number) increases by one from left to right across a period and down a group. This is because each element has one more proton than the element before it.
2. The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons, so the electron count also increases by one across a period and down a group.
3. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom, and they play a significant role in chemical bonding. As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons increases from 1 to 8. In contrast, when you move down a group, the number of valence electrons remains the same.
Now, let's discuss how these patterns relate to an element being a metal or nonmetal:
1. Metals are typically found on the left side of the periodic table, while nonmetals are on the right side. This is because metals generally have fewer valence electrons (1 to 3) and are more likely to lose them in a chemical reaction. Nonmetals have more valence electrons (4 to 8) and are more likely to gain or share them.
2. The number of valence electrons determines the reactivity and bonding behavior of elements. Metals with fewer valence electrons are more reactive, while nonmetals with more valence electrons are less reactive.
In conclusion, the patterns in the periodic table concerning protons, electrons, and valence electrons can help us understand the properties of elements, including whether they are metals or nonmetals. The position of an element in the table and the number of valence electrons it possesses are crucial factors in determining its behavior and reactivity.
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