The Offspring produced by a cross between two given types of plants can be any of the three genotypes denoted by A, B, and C. A theoretical model of any of the three genotypes denoted by A, B, and C should be in the ratio 1:2:1. For experimental verification, 100 plants are bred by crossing the two given types. Their genetic classifications are recorded. Do these data contradict the genetic model

Answers

Answer 1

Complete question:

The offspring produced between two given types of plants can be any of the three genotypes, denoted by A, B and C. A theoretical model of gene inheritance suggests that the offspring of types A, B and C should be in a 1:2:1 ratio (meaning 25% A, 50% B, and 25% C). For experimental verification, 100 plants are bred by crossing the two given types. Their genetic classifications are recorded in the table below.

Genotype       Observed frequency

    A             →        18 individuals

    B             →        55 individuals

    C             →        27 individuals

Do these contradict the genetic model?  

Use a 0.05 level of significance.

Determine the chi-square test statistic.

Answer:

Do these contradict the genetic model? No, according to the chi-square test, there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis of the population being in equilibrium.  

Explanation:

Available data:

Crossed genotypes: twoGenotypes among the offspring; Three → A, B, and CExpected phenotypic ratio → 1:2:1Total number of individuals, N = 100A = 18 individualsB = 55 individualsC = 27 individuals

So, let us first state the hypothesis:

H₀= the population is equilibrium for this locus → F(A) = 25%,  F(B) = 50%, F(C) = 25%  H₁ = the population is not in equilibrium

Now, let us calculate the number of expected individuals, according to their expected ratio.

4 -------------- 100% -------------100 individuals

1 ---------------  25% -------------X = 25 individuals A

2 --------------  50% -------------X = 50 individuals B

1----------------- 25%--------------X = 25 individuals C

                                                  A                             B                           C

Observed                         18                            55                         27 Expected                         25                           50                         25 (Obs-Exp)²/Exp                1.96                        0.5                        0.16

(Obs-Exp)²/Exp

A)  (18 - 25)²/25 = 49/25 = 1.96

B)  (55 - 50)² / 50 = 25/50 = 0.5

C)  (27 - 25)²/25 = 4/25 = 0.16

Chi square = X² = Σ(Obs-Exp)²/Exp  

∑ is the sum of the terms O are the Observed individuals: 2 in chamber B, and 18 in chamber A.  E are the Expected individuals: 10 in each chamber  

= ∑ ((O-E)²/E) = 1.96 + 0.5 + 0.16 = 2.62

Freedom degrees = 2

Significance level, 5% = 0.05  

Table value/Critical value = 5.99

X² < Critical value

2.62 < 5.99    

These results suggest that there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. We can assume that the locus under study in this population is in equilibrium H-W.  

 


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Answers

Answer:

C. those organisms that are best adapted to the environment will survive to produce more offspring

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those organisms  that are best adapted to the environment  will survive to produce more offspring

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Question 2 (1 point)
Saved
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endoskeletons and muscles


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Sam’s teacher asked him to make observations about animals at the zoo. Sam went to the zoo and filled in these two charts that the teacher gave him.



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Group 1 has small organisms, Group 2 has large organisms.


Group 1 are endothermic, Group 2 are exothermic.


Group 1 are vertebrates, Group 2 are invertebrates.


Group 1 has exoskeletons, Group 2 has soft bodies.

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lungs


hair


tail


both 1 and 2

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What is the benefit of an arthropod’s exoskeleton.

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It allows arthropods to breathe.


It protects and supports the arthropod’s body.


It allows the arthropod to get food.


It allows the arthropod to see far distances.

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What do arthropods and segmented worms have in common?

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They both have segmented bodies during some stage of their life.


They both have hard outer shells that are unmovable.


They both have bones and vertebrae.


They both lack any sense organs.

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Sweat glands, fur, and feathers are found on an endotherm.

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True


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have long tube-like bodies that are divided into segments.


take in oxygen from their skins rather than from an inside organ.


have hard outer covering called exoskeletons.

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Ectothemic animals are lazy and the sun puts them to sleep.


Ectothermic animals need to get tanned by the sun's rays for camouflage.


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Ectothermic animals need the warmth from the sun to allow them to move around and hunt for food.

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Which group of animals could be correctly classified as endothermic?



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Question 12 (1 point)


Using the table, which statement is true?

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Organisms in both Groups A and B have similar mechanisms for controlling their internal temperatures.


Organisms in Group A have fewer mechanisms for controlling their internal temperatures than those in Group B.


Organisms in both Group A and B usually coexist peacefully.


Organisms in both Group A and B are extinct species.

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How do “warm-blooded” animals cool off?

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They convert the food they eat into cool energy.


They sweat or pant to lose heat by water evaporation.


They move to colder climates.


They move around a lot to stimulate their circulation.

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Endotherm


Ectotherm

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Under a rock


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Answers

Answer:

the first one is correct

Explanation:

all a

1. What do all animals, including vertebrates and invertebrates, have in common?

They have backbones, internal skeletons, and muscles.

2. All animals share several common characteristics. Which is a characteristic shared by all animals?

Endoskeletons and muscles.

3. Which of the following is a characteristic of all mammals?

both 1 and 2.

4. What is the benefit of an arthropod’s exoskeleton.

It protects and supports the arthropod’s body.

5. What do arthropods and segmented worms have in common?

They both have segmented bodies during some stage of their life.

6. Sweat glands, fur, and feathers are found on an endotherm?

True.

7. Vertebrates and invertebrates differ in the presence of a backbone. Another characteristic that distinguishes most vertebrates from many invertebrates, is that vertebrates?

Take in oxygen from their skins rather than from an inside organ.

8. During chilly days, you might notice lizards lying (“basking”) in sunny areas. Why do lizards bask in the sun?

Ectothermic animals need the warmth from the sun to allow them to move around and hunt for food.

9. Which group of animals could be correctly classified as endothermic?

Robin, squirrels, mice.

10. How do “warm-blooded” animals cool off?

They sweat or pant to lose heat by water evaporation.

11. An animal takes on the temperature of their surroundings so they don't have to use food energy to keep warm. This means they don’t have to eat as often. They are considered an __?

Ectotherm.

Thus, these are the answer to the following questions.

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The endocrine system is made up of glands that

A. secrete enzymes that help to digest food.A. secrete enzymes that help to digest food.

B. carry oxygen to all the parts of the body.B. carry oxygen to all the parts of the body.

C. secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.C. secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

D. carry nerve impulses from one part of the body to another.

No dam links

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Answer:

What glands secrete enzymes?

Abstract. The exocrine pancreas and certain salivary glands of mammals secrete a variety of enzymes into the gastrointestinal tract, where they digest food. The same glands also release these enzymes into the bloodstream.

Explanation:

In an energy pyramid, the bottom level represents...

A. consumers

B. producers

C. scavengers

D. decomposers

Answers

Answer: B. Producers

Explanation:

Answer:

B. producers

Explanation:

i'm pretty sure because i've had it on a test before and decomposers are off to the side, but producers are on the bottom. it could possibly be decomposers based on which charts you use since some put decomposers on the bottom, but most are producers

The evolutionary species concept defines a species as: A. a group of populations that have shared a past and will have a shared future B. reproductively isolated populations C. smallest monophyletic taxa D. morphologically similar populations

Answers

Answer:

The correct option is A.

group of populations that have shared a past and will have a shared future

Explanation:

This is because evolutionary species concept is a concept that indicate a form of ancestry descendants or lineage of populations that descend from the same ancestors possessing similar characteristics which were inherited from the ancestry and these traits are evident in the future.

Which of the following statements is not part of the cell theory? A) All living cells come frondivision of preexisting cells. B) All cells are surrounded by a cell wall. C). A cell is the smallest unit of life, individually alive even as part of a multicelled organism.​

Answers

B is not part of the cell theory; there are many types of cells that do not have cell walls, so the statement cannot even be generally true.

natural selection vs artificial​

Answers

Answer:

Please read the explenation for I must go into detail to explain this.

Explanation:

So before I answer your question, I am going to explain what the two things are.

Natural selection:

Natural selection is the evolution of traits in a species due to changes in genetics that is mainly caused by enviormental problems and changes.

If this is a bit confusing, here is an example:

Lets say that a Mandarin beatroot lizard is being killed off by the Mandarin carrot bird because all the trees in the area have turned yellow. 100 years from the time this happened, the Mandarin beatroot lizard that's population was 85% red and 15% yellow is now 90% yellow and only 10% red.

This is because of natural selection. THe Mandarin carrot bird was killing a large portion of the red population. The yellow population was killed only occasionaly. When the Madarin beatroot lizard went to breed, there were more yellow lizards breeding than  red lizards. If you know how genetics work, then you know that in simple terms, this means more lizards will be yellow in the next genetration.

Slowl;y as the generations passed, more and more yellow lizards were bred and born. 100 years later, over generations and generations, the population was almost coimpeltly yellow.

Artifical selection:

Artifical selection is where the human race selects a species and bred specific organisms of that species so that the specific trait being bred for is more evident in the species.

Again, if this is confusing, here is an example:

The lab NV-110 was taking bearlybubble wolves with shorter noses and breeding them together. After 30 years, and many generations, the bearlybubble wolves had noses that were half a inch shorter than the orginal bearlybubble wolves. When the new wolves were let into the forest they had been taken from, half of the died in the first week due to starvation.

The humans took specific traits in a species and bred them together, this process was repeated over 30 years. The specific trait of the new generation of orgniasms has been changed, but this change affected the orgnaisms survive, and was dentrimental to the species.  

So now knowing the two things, what do you think the difference is? Think about ti for a minute before reading more.

The difference betweent the two types of selection is:

Artifical selection can harm or possibly nuetral for the organism, wheareas natural selection will be helpful or nuteral to the organism.Artifical selection involves humans, wheareas naturals election does not,Artifical selection does not need any specific change in the enviorment or world to happen, wheareas natural selection does.Artifical selection is usally quicker than natural selction for artificial selection is purposful breeding, whereas natural selection is by-chance breeding.

I hope this make sense to you, I can try to make this simpler or more detailed if you want me to. ;)

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