Two separate polypeptide chains are most commonly covalently linked to each other through disulfide bonds.
A peptide is two or more amino acids that are held together with the help of peptide bonds
A protein chain has two ends: one is the amino terminus (positively charged) and the other one is the carboxy terminus (negatively charged).
Disulfide bonds which are mostly found between the sulfur-containing side chains of cysteines contribute to the formation of the tertiary structure of proteins.
These bonds act like safety pins as they keep the different polypeptide chains held together firmly and give a shape to the protein folding.
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the organs for taste receptors are called , most of which are found associated with .
The organs for taste receptors are called taste buds papillae.
What are taste buds papillae?
They are known as papillae and the majority of them have taste buds. The tiny hairs on taste buds, known as microvilli, are extremely sensitive (say: mye-kro-VILL-eye). You can tell if something is sweet, sour, bitter, or salty because those little hairs communicate with the brain about how it tastes.
On the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, upper esophagus, cheek, and epiglottis are little structures called as papillae that house the taste receptors. The five components of taste perception—saltiness, sourness, bitterness, sweetness, and umami—are detected by these structures.
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which of the statements is true of the gastric cavity of cnidarians? digestive enzymes released into the gastric cavity allow the consumption of whole prey such as fish. egestion occurs through an anus opposite the mouth opening. digestion takes place in the stomach after storage in the gastric cavity.
This sentence is true in the case of gastric cavity of cnidarians - digestive enzymes released into the gastric cavity allow the consumption of whole prey such as fish.
Extracellular digestion is carried out by cnidarians, in which the cells that line the gastrovascular canal receive the nutrients and enzymes split down the food particles. With only one opening, the gastrovascular cavity that doubles as both the mouth and the anus in cnidarians acts as their only digestive system. There is only one entrance in the central gastro-vascular cavity, which serves as both a mouth and a drain for waste. Digestion occurs both within and outside of cells.
Cnidarians consume food through their lips, and the coelenteron then breaks it down. Waste products are subsequently eliminated either via the mouth or via cell surface via water circulation, while nutrients are then sent to other parts of the body for use.
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Do all animals/ organisms have metabolism?
Answer: yes
Explanation:
Metabolism just refers to the sum total of the biochemical reactions that take place in an organism's body. So, every living thing has a metabolism
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Complete this hypothesis statement:
If a plant receives more water,
beta glucan induces proliferation and activation of monocytes in peripheral blood of patients with advanced breast cancer
Beta Glucans are the glucose of thr polymers that constitute the structural part of the fungal cell wall. They can also stimulate the innate of the immunity by activation of the monocytes/macrophages. In the human studies
it has been shown that the beta glucan has the immunomodulatory which effect and that can increase the efficacy of the biological therapies in the cancer patients. In this prospective the clinical trial we can assessed in the vivo effects of short term the oral beta glucan and administration on the peripheral blood monocytes and their expression was of activation and markers in patients with the advanced with breast cancer.
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the approach allows for the scientific study of the interrelationship between culture and what humans have inherited genetically.
Biocultural is the approach that allows for the scientific study of the interrelationship in between the culture and what the humans have inherited genetically
Biocultural is the approaches recognize the pervasiveness and the dynamism of the interactions between the biological and the cultural phenomena, and they was explicitly strive to the integrate the biological, sociocultural, the environmental, and other kinds of the data For example, the biocultural anthropologist might study that how the food we eat shapes to our societal and structure and that influences the politics and how they changes in the nutrition and the availability of food affect the health of the average persons life
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From the circumstances of the verbal exchange depicted, what would best be called two themes of the story?
A impoverishment and understatementimpoverishment and understatement
B disease and overstatementdisease and overstatement
C death and humordeath and humor
D tragedy and slowly revealed truth
A impoverishment and understatement impoverishment and understatement
B disease and overstatement disease and overstatement
From the circumstances of the verbal exchange depicted, disease and overstatement disease and overstatement would be best called two themes of the story.
What is an overstatement?
while you use phrases to intensify your supposed that means, you are overstating. those phrases are not intended to be taken literally and are symbolic in nature. An overstatement additionally referred to as hyperbole, is a deliberate technique used to spotlight the importance of your claim. Overstating virtually method expressing "greater" of what you imply, whereas linguistic irony is announcing the "opposite" of what you mean. anything that a individual is feeling can be amplified by means of overstatement.
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in a specific ecosystem, the population with the greatest number of members will be the secondary consumers.
False. in a specific ecosystem, the population with the greatest number of members will be the producers
Producers are organisms that create food in the food chain and are found at the bottom of the food chain pyramid. Producers use sunlight to fix CO2 and H2O, which they accumulate in their bodies as biomass and use to provide energy to other organisms in the food chain.
Food chains do not exist naturally without producers. In some cases, it depicts an upright pyramid, but in others, it depicts a spindle-shaped pyramid in a separate ecosystem.
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How does the law of conservation apply to nutrient cycles?
Answer:
Matter can change form through physical and chemical changes, but through any of these changes matter is conserved. The same amount of matter exists before and after the change—none is created or destroyed. This concept is called the Law of Conservation of Mass
Explanation:
the dead-box helicase ddx3 substitutes for the cap-binding protein eif4e to promote compartmentalized translation initiation of the hiv-1 genomic rna
the pizza that you ate for lunch is being digested. summarize what happens to it in your stomach.(1 point)
I ate a pizza, which my stomach then churned and mixed with gastric acid and digestive enzymes.
What happened after I ate the pizza? Summarize.Despite a few exceptions, the most of pizza's include a lot of calories, sugar, and sodium. They frequently have excessive fat, extra sugar, and artificial preservatives. They are also heavily processed.
French bread style and packed crust varieties can add even more calories, as can selecting toppings like sausage, additional cheese, and other high-calorie foods.
The stomach is a digestive system organ that stores and processes food. It is situated between the intestine and the esophagus. After passing through the esophagus, the food enters the stomach, where it is digested to remove the nutrients with the aid of the digestive enzymes and gastric acid released by the stomach.
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Answer:
I have that same question on my bio assignment also... but i think the answer is "the pizza is churned, mixing it with digestive enzymes and gastric acid?
Explanation:
the muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, is the:
The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, is the small intestine.
What is alimentary canal?The alimentary canal is a muscular hollow continuous tubular organ that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus and is in charge of digestion and absorption of ingested food and liquids.
The alimentary canal, also known as the alimentary tract, is a component of the digestive (gastrointestinal) system.
The small intestine is the muscular tube that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Thus, the answer is small intestine.
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cells in the body exist in an aqueous environment. they are constantly surrounded by water or a solution that contains water.
Answer:
A solution that contains water
Explanation:
it contains 90% water however it still contains other forms of liquids and stuff
automated segmentation of human axon and myelin from electron microscopy data using deep learning for microstructural validation and simulation
When axon and myelin are separated from nervous system microscopy pictures, useful quantitative information about the tissue's microstructure, including axon density and myelin thickness, is obtained.
What is Myelin and axon ?Myelin is a lipid-rich substance that surrounds nerve cell axons, the "wires" of the nervous system, to insulate them and speed up the transmission of electrical impulses (known as action potentials).
In your brain, each neuron has a single, lengthy cable that extends from the cell's core. An axon is a cable that is much thinner than a human hair and is where a neuron's electrical impulses leave the cell to be picked up by neighbouring neurons.Learn more about Myelin and axon here:
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copper amalgam used for filling primary teeth may impart a(n) color. group of answer choices bluish-black orange bluish-green brown
Copper amalgam used for filling primary teeth may impart a bluish green color.
In dentistry, copper alloy mixture is indispensable for tooth decay due to chemical and physical characteristics.
Copper amalgam - an alloy of copper that is composed of 22–32% silver, 8% zinc, 50% mercury and 14% tin.
Traditionally, copper along with silver and tin has immense importance as a dental alloy.
It enhances the compressive strength of the filling material and setting contraction as well.
Generally, amalgam of copper is used for filing tooth and is most effective, sound and safe treatment for tooth cavities.
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the bacterial flagellum moves multiple choice by rotation that is powered by atp. by rotation that is powered by the proton motive force. in a wave-like fashion that is powered by atp. in a wave-like fashion that is powered by the proton motive force.
The bacterial flagellum moves (b) by rotation that is powered by the proton motive force.
Flagellum is the motile structure found in many prokaryotic organisms and a few eukaryotic organisms. It is along thread-like structure. It can help organisms in moving or swimming. An organism may have a single flagellum or may have multiple flagella.
Proton motive force (pmf)is the force generated due to the pumping of the protons across the plasma membrane. In mitochondria, this force aids in the production of ATP. There are two components of pmf are: membrane potential (ΔΨ) and the gradient of proton concentration (ΔpH).
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How does an enzyme become denatured? A. The active site changes shape A. The active site changes shape B. The substrate changes shape B. The substrate changes shape C. the amount of energy needed goes up C. the amount of energy needed goes up D. the amount of energy goes down D. the amount of energy goes down E. the pH becomes too high or low E. the pH becomes too high or low F. the temperature gets too hot or cold F. the temperature gets too hot or cold G. all of the above G. all of the above H. both A and B H. both A and B I. all except C. and D.
An enzyme becomes denatured when the active site changes shape (Option A is correct).
What is the enzyme's active site?The enzyme active site refers to a molecular domain in the enzyme that binds to the substrate during a chemical reaction, which changes of tridimensional shape after the denaturation of the enzyme.
Enzyme active site is different to the binding site for cofactors, which may increase the rate of a given chemical reaction.
In conclusion, an enzyme becomes denatured when the active site changes shape (Option A is correct).
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How is the nuclear membrane like the cell membrane?
Answer:
because they have similar
Explanation:
functiona and stucture
Answer:
So basically, the critical function of the nuclear membranes is to act as a barrier that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Like other cell membranes, the nuclear membranes are phospholipid bilayers, which are permeable only to small nonpolar molecules.
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Difference between plants and animal In terms of feeding
Answer:Plants
Explanation:animals
What are the structures and stage of mitosis?
Today, mitosis is understood to involve five phases, based on the physical state of the chromosomes and spindle. These phases are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
sensory transduction requires: alteration of the conformation of a channel protein. reaction of a receptor protein with a stimulus. a change in membrane potential. all of these choices are correct.
the following are necessary for sensory transduction:
altering a channel protein's structure.a receptor protein's response to a stimuli.a modification of membrane potential.Where is the site of sensory transduction?The conversion of a sensory signal into an electrical signal in the nervous system is the most basic function of a sensory system. The sensory receptor is where this happens. The receptor potential refers to the resulting shift in electrical potential.What is a good illustration of sensory transduction?In contrast, sensory receptors convert a chemical or physical stimulus into an electrical signal during sensory transduction. For instance, in the visual system, rod cells in the retina, which are sensory cells, transform the physical energy of optical signal into electric signals that are sent to the brain.
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In humans, mitochondrial genetic disorders are inherited from only the mother. The severity of such diseases can vary greatly, even within a single family. What form of inheritance does this represent?.
In humans, mitochondrial genetic disorders are inherited from only the mother. The severity of such diseases can vary greatly, even within a single family. This form of inheritance represents cytoplasmic inheritance.
In the field of genetics, we can describe cytoplasmic inheritance as a kind of inheritance where genes that are present in the cell, other than the nucleus, are transmitted from the parent to the offspring.
In humans, mitochondria are the organelles known to have their own genetic material.
During fertilization, the mitochondria found in the male sperm are destroyed by the egg cell present in the female body.
Hence, mitochondrial genes are transferred to an offspring from the mother only. Any kind of disorders or diseases linked to the female mitochondrial genes has the probability to be passed on to the offspring.
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In order for an experiment to be considered a "controlled experiment" the experiments must
be exactly the same except for how many variables?
Answer:
one
Explanation:
only one variable can be changed in an experiment to be able to tell if what you changed made the experiment change.
identify the mass above which a man whose height is 185 cm would be classified as obese
Answer:
Around 90.7
Explanation:
Brown-eyed alma has a blue-eyed mother and a brown-eyed father. In this case, her brown eyes were determined by a _____ allele.
Her brown eyes in this case were caused by a dominant allele.
What are dominant alleles, exactly?When more than one allele is present, a dominant allele is a gene variant that will still cause a particular phenotype.A dominant allele typically codes for a functional protein.The allele is dominant because it produces enough enzyme from a single copy to allow a cell to have an abundance of a certain product.Why are some genes dominant alleles?A dominant allele is referred to as dominant because it conceals the recessive trait and appears in the phenotype of a heterozygous species.One allele is all that is required to express the trait.learn more about dominant allele here
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what adaptions are found in fish and ducks
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Answer:
fish have a streamlined body and papers toward the inners they have fins that tells science is used to move towards and the and the scale which are Boni protect the soft bodies of fish breath through gives that's A web shooted do not have blood vessels in their feet their feather are waterproof and a special glad that produces oil near the
what virus only affects bacteria
Answer: Bacteriophages (phages)
Explanation:
some species of bacteria can live in hot springs. their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70c or higher.
The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70°C
Enzymes are biological catalyst that help in speeding up a reaction. Although most enzymes function best at normal temperatures, there are many others which work best at higher or lower temperatures. Temperature plays an important role for the proper working of an enzyme.
An enzyme that functions best at 70 degrees Celsius will increase the rate of a reaction by maximum amount is this temperature will be provided to it. It's activation energy will be maximum at this temperature.
However, if the temperature is lowered for this enzyme, then it will not be able to speed up the rate of reactions with the same intensity.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70°C or higher. At a temperature of 50°C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected?
A. The enzymes will be destroyed by lysosomes.
B. The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart.
C. The enzymes will require less energy to function than at 70°C.
D. The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70°C.
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What molecule is the source of the oxygen that is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis?.
Answer:.....................................
Explanation:
we initially reasoned that conventional fluorescently-labeled antibodies could potentially be used in exm if a sufficient number of linkages could be formed between the antibodies and hydrogel so that protease-digested antibody fragments would remain linked to the hydrogel (fig. 1).
Expansion Microscopy (ExM), an ultra microscopy method that employs physical expansion of fixed specimens to enable features closer than the diffraction limit of light (250 nm) to become resolvable in the expanded specimen, was recently developed by Boyden and colleagues.
Fluorophores on fixed specimens are connected to a swellable polymer that is physically stretched to permit super-resolution microscopy with conventional microscopes. This technique, called expansion microscopy, has only recently been developed. We have created and described novel techniques for attaching fluorophores to the polymer, making it possible to use traditional fluorescently-labeled fluorescent proteins and antibodies for expansion microscopy. Our techniques will help the approach spread quickly and will simplify the process and broaden the range of appropriate labels.
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