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Vernacular language was the most spoken language in the mediveial times in Europe. It is the language spoken at home,shop, streets etc.



In the mediveial period the vernaculars adopted a written form which later came to be used in poems , tales , comedies and later in some public documents.

The Christians targeted Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204 due to a combination of political, economic, and religious factors. The long-term result for the Byzantine Empire was its fragmentation and weakened state, making it more vulnerable to external threats.

Step 1: Understand the context of the Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade was launched by Pope Innocent III in 1202 with the goal of reclaiming Jerusalem from Muslim control. However, due to various circumstances, the Crusaders ended up attacking Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, instead.

Step 2: Identify the reasons for targeting Constantinople
There were several reasons why Christians targeted Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade:

1. Political factors: The Crusaders were influenced by the exiled Byzantine prince Alexios IV Angelos, who promised to provide military and financial support for the Crusade in exchange for their help in restoring him to the throne.

2. Economic factors: Constantinople was a wealthy and prosperous city, and the Crusaders saw an opportunity to plunder its riches to finance their campaign.

3. Religious factors: There were tensions between the Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East. The Crusaders viewed the Eastern Orthodox Church as heretical, and attacking Constantinople was seen as a way to bring the Eastern Church under the authority of Rome.

Step 3: Describe the long-term result for the Byzantine Empire
The long-term result of the Fourth Crusade for the Byzantine Empire was significant and negative:

1. The sack of Constantinople led to the destruction of numerous buildings, artifacts, and cultural treasures. The city never fully recovered its previous glory.

2. The Byzantine Empire was fragmented into various smaller states, including the Latin Empire, which was established by the Crusaders in Constantinople. This fragmentation weakened the Byzantine Empire and made it more vulnerable to external threats, such as the Ottoman Turks.

3. The Crusaders' actions deepened the divide between the Catholic and Orthodox churches, which further contributed to the Byzantine Empire's decline and the eventual fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453.

The long-term result for the Byzantine Empire was significant weakening and fragmentation. The empire was divided into various smaller states, making it more vulnerable to external threats. Ultimately, this decline played a role in the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453.

Christians targeted Constantinople during the fourth crusade in 1204 because they had financial debts to Venice that they were unable to pay back. The long-term result for the Byzantine Empire was that the empire was divided into smaller states and the Byzantine Empire ceased to exist as a single entity.

What was the reason behind Christians targeting Constantinople during the fourth crusade in 1204?

During the fourth crusade in 1204, the Christians targeted Constantinople because they were unable to pay back their debts to Venice. The crusaders intended to attack the Holy Land and recapture it from the Muslims. However, they first had to pass through Constantinople, which was controlled by the Byzantine Empire.The Byzantine Empire was unable to pay back the debt owed to Venice, so the Venetians asked the crusaders to assist them in collecting their debt. In return, the Venetians provided transportation to the crusaders to Constantinople. The crusaders sacked and looted the city, causing great destruction to its buildings, people, and cultural heritage.

The Byzantine Empire was divided into smaller states as a result of the fourth crusade in 1204. In the aftermath of the sack of Constantinople, a Latin Empire was established, which was headed by Baldwin I of Flanders, a westerner. The Byzantine Empire was eventually restored in 1261, but it was never able to regain its former glory or strength, and it never recovered from the losses that it suffered during the fourth crusade. The empire was weakened, making it easier for the Ottomans to conquer it in the late 15th century.
Christians targeted Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204 mainly due to political and economic reasons, rather than religious ones. The Crusaders sought financial gain and aimed to establish a Latin Empire in the East, which led them to sack Constantinople.

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Answer:

The Battle of Britain had a significant impact on British citizens as it was a turning point in World War II and demonstrated the resilience and determination of the British people. It also brought about a sense of national unity and pride, as citizens came together to support their country during a time of crisis.

Explanation:

Answer:

1. How did Americans feel about the United States getting involved overseas at first and why?

At the turn of the 20th century, many Americans were wary of getting involved in overseas conflicts, preferring instead to focus on domestic issues. This sentiment was partly fueled by the isolationist stance of some politicians and citizens, who believed that the US should stay out of foreign affairs and avoid entanglements with other countries. Another reason for this reluctance was the memory of the country's involvement in the Spanish-American War, which had been a controversial conflict that some Americans believed was unjustified.

2. Did some Americans want to go to war with Spain? WHO and why?

Yes, there were some Americans who were in favor of going to war with Spain. These included influential politicians and journalists, such as Theodore Roosevelt and William Randolph Hearst, who saw the conflict as an opportunity for the US to assert its power and expand its territory. There were also some who sympathized with the Cuban independence movement and believed that US intervention was necessary to help them achieve their goal.

3. How did Americans feel about the war in the Philippines? Why?

Opinions about the war in the Philippines were divided. Some Americans believed that it was a necessary action to protect American interests in the region and spread American values and democracy to the people of the Philippines. Others were opposed to the conflict, viewing it as an unjust and unnecessary war of aggression that went against American ideals of freedom and self-determination.

4. How did American involvement in Asia affect Americans?

American involvement in Asia had a significant impact on the country, both domestically and internationally. It led to increased military spending and a greater role for the US in world affairs, as well as tensions with other countries in the region, such as China and Japan. At home, it sparked debates about the role of the US in the world and the merits of imperialism.

5. Why would people in the United States embrace imperialism?

There were several reasons why some Americans embraced imperialism, including a desire for economic expansion, the belief in American exceptionalism and a duty to "civilize" and modernize other countries, and concerns about national security and strategic interests in the Pacific.

6. Who were the major American generals during WW1? Give details of their background and main attributes.

Some of the major American generals during WW1 included John J. Pershing, who commanded the American Expeditionary Force in Europe and was known for his strategic acumen and leadership skills; George S. Patton, who became famous for his armored tactics and aggressive leadership style; and Douglas MacArthur, who later went on to become a prominent military leader in World War II and the Korean War. These generals were all experienced military leaders with strong backgrounds in combat and strategy.

7. Why was Woodrow Wilson instituting the draft important to the Allied cause of WW1?

The draft was important to the Allied cause of WW1 because it allowed the US to rapidly increase its military strength and manpower, which helped to turn the tide of the war in favor of the Allies. The draft was also seen as a way to promote national unity and mobilize the American people behind the war effort, as well as a way to ensure that the burden of military service was shared fairly across different segments of society.

The given statement “Anthony Johnson overcame heavy racial discrimination and succeeded in early 17-century Virginia” is true because he was a Black indentured servant who arrived in Virginia in 1621.

Despite facing heavy racial discrimination, he managed to work his way up the social ladder and become a successful farmer and landowner. In 1651, he even won a court case that allowed him to own his indentured servants, which was an unusual position for a black man in that time period.

Johnson's success was a remarkable achievement given the widespread racism and oppression faced by Black people in early 17th-century Virginia. The colony was founded on the exploitation of enslaved Africans, and racism was deeply ingrained in the society, the statement is true.

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In "The Age of Innocence," the narrator has a critical and satirical attitude towards elite New York society.

The society is depicted as shallow, hypocritical, and obsessed with maintaining social norms and conventions. The characters are shown to be constrained by societal expectations and conventions, leading to a suffocating atmosphere.

However, the young girl, May Welland, is portrayed as innocent, pure, and unspoiled by the corrupting influences of New York society. The author foreshadows problems for May through the description of her engagement to Newland Archer, who appears to be uncertain about their relationship.

The novel reflects broader social and cultural shifts taking place during the late 19th century in America, such as the rise of industrialization, urbanization, and social reform movements, and highlights the growing divide between the old, established elite and the new, upwardly mobile middle class.

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U.S. forces were initially sent to Lebanon to help maintain peace between warring groups, specifically to prevent the conflict between Lebanese factions backed by Syria and Israel.

A conflict refers to a disagreement or dispute between two or more parties who have incompatible goals, interests, or values. Conflicts can arise in various contexts, such as personal relationships, organizations, communities, or nations. Conflicts can be triggered by various factors, including competition for resources, power struggles, differences in beliefs, misunderstandings, or cultural clashes. Conflicts can be expressed in different ways, such as verbal arguments, physical aggression, or passive resistance. Conflicts can have negative consequences, such as emotional distress, social tension, economic losses, or physical harm. Conflicts can be managed or resolved through various strategies, such as negotiation, mediation, arbitration, or litigation, depending on the nature and severity of the conflict and the willingness of the parties to cooperate.

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Washington's remark receives a grade A from DuBois. The North's racism and prejudice are ignored.

Messages from George Washington

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Answer: Locals were repressed, and imperialists benefited from the usage of local resources.

Explanation: Hope this helps bae!! C;

Answer:

A.) his work as a Confederate arms struggler

During the secession crisis, david twiggs was important for none of the above. The correct answer is option D. none of the above.

The Secession Crisis, also known as the American Civil War, was a period of constitutional crisis that took place between 1860 and 1861. This crisis erupted in the aftermath of the election of President Abraham Lincoln and the formation of the Confederate States of America by seven secessionist slave states.

During this time, a number of significant events took place that ultimately resulted in the formation of the Confederacy and the Civil War. David Emanuel Twiggs (1790-1862) was an American general who played an important role during the Secession Crisis. Twiggs, a seasoned veteran of the Mexican-American War, was in command of the Department of Texas at the time of the crisis. He was widely regarded as one of the most experienced and capable generals in the army.

In February 1861, Twiggs made the fateful decision to surrender all the military assets under his command to the state of Texas. This included nearly two thousand troops, along with countless weapons, horses, and other equipment. By doing so, Twiggs became the first high-ranking officer to defect to the Confederacy, thereby helping to set in motion the chain of events that would lead to the Civil War. The correct answer is option D. none of the above.

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Slavery in Africa before the arrival of Europeans was a complex system that varied across different regions and cultures. In many cases, slavery was not based on race but rather on debt or criminal punishment. Slaves were often treated as members of the family and could even hold positions of power within their communities. They had rights and could own property, marry, and have children. Some slaves even gained their freedom through manumission or by proving their worth to their masters. However, the arrival of Europeans in the 15th century changed the nature of slavery in Africa. Europeans began to trade African slaves for commercial purposes, which led to an increase in demand for slaves and a shift towards racialized slavery. This type of slavery treated Africans as inferior and dehumanized them, leading to centuries of exploitation and oppression. Overall, while pre-European African slavery had its own flaws, it was vastly different from the brutal and racially-based system that emerged with European involvement.

A group of African Americans who participated in the fight are represented by the man in this propaganda poster from World War II. The Tuskegee Airmen were their nick name.

During World War II, a group of mostly Black American military pilots (fighter and bomber) and airmen called themselves the Tuskegee Airmen. With the United States Army Air Forces, they created the 332d Fighter Group and the 477th Bombardment Group (Medium) (USAAF).

After this change, the 332nd's pilots started using P-51 Mustangs to accompany the 15th Air Force's heavy bombers on missions deep into enemy territory. They were known as the "Red Tails" because the tails of their aircraft were painted red to aid in identification.

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The narrator's attitude towards elite New York society in "The Age of Innocence" is critical and satirical.

The narrator exposes the superficiality, hypocrisy, and rigid conventions of this society, which is more concerned with appearances and social status than with genuine emotions and individuality. The narrator portrays the members of this society as being trapped in a narrow and oppressive social system, unable to escape from its rules and expectations.

Wharton uses words such as "pressed," "expected," "obliged," "forced," and "plunged" to convey a sense of social obligation and constraint. These words suggest that the characters are not acting out of their own free will but are instead compelled to behave in a certain way because of the expectations and pressures of their social milieu.

The young girl described in the excerpt stands out from those around her because she is different from the conformist and conventional society she lives in. She is described as having a "freshness" and "spontaneity" that are lacking in the other characters. She is not interested in social hierarchy or appearances and is more concerned with living a genuine and authentic life.

The author foreshadows that problems will arise for the young girl depicted in the excerpt when she describes her as being "ignorant and headstrong." This suggests that the girl's lack of knowledge and experience will make her vulnerable to the rigid social norms of her society, which could lead to her downfall.

Wharton's novel reflected overall trends in society because it portrayed the conflicts and tensions that arose from the clash between tradition and modernity, between social convention and individual freedom.

It depicted a society that was in transition, moving from the old Victorian era to a new, more liberal and permissive age. The novel explored the challenges and contradictions of this transitional period, and in doing so, it reflected the anxieties and uncertainties of the time

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Enumerated powers are the powers that the Constitution gives Congress, which are mostly listed in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S constitution.

They included the ability to levy and collect taxes, pay bills and borrow money, regulate commerce, mint money, establish post offices, safeguard patents and copyrights, set up subordinate courts, declare war, and recruit and sustain an Army and Navy.

Hence, the correct answer is C. powers that the Constitution gives Congress.

The constitution serves as a political framework under which a nation's values and laws are created. The rights and responsibilities of people are outlined in the constitution. The constitution establishes how individuals and governments interact.

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The Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced most members of the Cherokee Nation to relocate to Oklahoma. Therefore, the correct answer is Oklahoma.  

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was a United States federal law that authorized the removal of Native American tribes from their ancestral homelands in the southeastern United States to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma. The act affected many tribes, including the Cherokee Nation. Despite the fact that the Cherokee Nation had established a constitutional government and had adopted many elements of European-American culture, they were still forced to relocate.

In 1838 and 1839, the U.S. government forcibly removed approximately 16,000 Cherokee people from their homes in Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, and North Carolina and forced them to walk over 1,000 miles on what is now known as the Trail of Tears. Thousands of Cherokees died during the journey due to disease, starvation, and exposure.

Once in Indian Territory, the Cherokee Nation reestablished their government and way of life, but the forced relocation and loss of their ancestral lands had a profound impact on the tribe. Today, many Cherokee people continue to live in Oklahoma, and the Cherokee Nation is one of the largest Native American tribes in the United States. Therefore, the correct answer is Oklahoma.

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Millions of women replaced the men who had left for the war by going to work at home, while others knitted socks and produced bandages. The war provided African-American soldiers with a window into a world free of America's formal and informal racial rules.

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Answer:

The forced removal of Native American peoples from east of the Mississippi was a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830. This act authorized the US government to forcibly remove Native American tribes from their ancestral lands and relocate them to designated areas west of the Mississippi River.

Explanation:

Several statements are correct about the forced removal of Native American peoples from the east of the Mississippi. These include The forced removal of Native American peoples from east of the Mississippi as a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which was signed by President Andrew Jackson.

The Indian Removal Act authorized the removal of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States and their relocation to lands west of the Mississippi River, in what is now Oklahoma. The forced removal of Native American peoples was a traumatic experience that led to the death of thousands due to disease, starvation, and exposure on the journey westward, which is known as the Trail of Tears. Many Native American tribes, such as the Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, and Chickasaw, were forcibly removed from their ancestral lands and made to walk hundreds of miles to their new homes west of the Mississippi River. These forced removals were a violation of the basic human rights of the Native American peoples and have had long-lasting effects on their communities, cultures, and ways of life.

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The statements about the forced removal of native american peoples from east of the mississippi are correct?_______________

Answer:it defined how ownership of the vast lands in the northwest territory would be legally transferred from the federal government to states and individual landowners

Explanation:

The Spanish Empire relied on native populations to mine silver mainly due to their familiarity with the local environment, abundance of manpower, and their role in the colonial labor system.

Native populations had knowledge of the region's geography and mineral deposits, which facilitated more efficient mining operations. Furthermore, the Spanish Empire faced a shortage of their own labor force in the colonies, making it necessary to tap into the local workforce.

The colonial labor system, known as the encomienda system, allowed Spanish colonists to essentially exploit native populations as forced labor. Natives were required to work in mines or on plantations in exchange for protection, education, and conversion to Christianity. This system enabled the Spanish Empire to extract valuable resources, such as silver, at a low cost and with minimal resistance.

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Women were the group which gained the right to vote with the passage of the 19th Amendment.

In 1920, the 19th Amendment became law, granting women the right to vote. Millions of American women first used this power on election day in 1920.

Hence, the correct answer is A. Women.

The Nineteenth Amendment, which was adopted in August 1920 after being approved by the Senate on June 4, 1919, was a significant step in the long struggle for political equality for women.

The Senate's protracted journey towards ratifying the Constitution's 19th Amendment is depicted in this timeline of significant turning points.

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The term "civil institution" is used to refer to a broad range of non-governmental organisations, networks, associations, groups, and movements.

Schools, universities, advocacy groups, professional organization churches, and cultural institutions are examples of non-governmental organizations that make up civil society (business sometimes is covered by the term civil society and sometimes not).

The concept that is most frequently used was developed by CIVICUS, which defines civil society as the area that is generated by both individual and group acts, organizations, and is distinct from the family, the state, and the market.

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Answer:

i think its option D

Explanation:

hope this helps srry if wrong.

For instance, the artificiality nor sincerity of this society's social conventions are highlighted by expressions like "hieroglyphic universe" or "elaborate edifice of mystification."

In this example, the narrator's attitude toward New York's moneyed elite can be characterized either as critical or humorous.Words like "driven," "required," "morally obliged," "forced," or "plunged" are used by Wharton to convey the restrictions and demands this society places on its citizens. By using these statements, it is implied that people occasionally act in a way that is inconsistent with their genuine aims or ambitions rather than meeting the expectations or standards given their social standing.

A little girl is shown to be more sincere in the text. The little girl is said to have nothing to hide but is not anyone that one ought to watch for, in contrast to the other individuals who are seen navigating a complicated web of cultural customs and expectations. This contrast suggests that the young girl may be feeling innocent or young and that she may once again be unsuited for the realities of the adult world. The author makes suggestions that the young girl depicted in the sample may be experiencing problems by using words like "her reality" as having "plunged overnight." These statements imply that a little girl may find it challenging to handle the upcoming exposure to a difficult or unpleasant situation.

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Today's technology will change the way funeral services are performed in the future by providing more options for customization and personalization.

With advancements in virtual and augmented reality, individuals will be able to attend funerals remotely and even interact with virtual representations of the deceased. Additionally, the use of biodegradable materials and green funeral practices will become more prevalent as society becomes increasingly aware of the impact of traditional burial practices on the environment.

Finally, the use of social media, technology, and digital memorials will become more widespread, allowing individuals to share memories and celebrate the lives of their loved ones in new and innovative ways.

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Answer:

The Industrial Revolution was a period of major technological, economic, and social change that occurred in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. This period marked the transition from traditional manual labor-based economies to machine-based manufacturing, which increased productivity and efficiency. The following are some of the ways in which the Industrial Revolution changed economics throughout Europe:

1. Increased Productivity: The Industrial Revolution brought about the development of machines that could perform work more efficiently and at a faster rate than manual labor. This led to increased productivity, as manufacturers were able to produce more goods in a shorter period of time.

2. Growth of Factory System: The Industrial Revolution led to the growth of the factory system, where goods were produced on a large scale in centralized locations. This system replaced the traditional cottage industry, where goods were produced in homes or small workshops. The factory system enabled manufacturers to produce goods more efficiently and at a lower cost, which increased their profits.

3. Expansion of Markets: With the increase in productivity and efficiency, manufacturers were able to produce goods in larger quantities, which led to the expansion of markets. The growth of transportation infrastructure, such as railways and canals, also facilitated the distribution of goods to a wider market.

4. Development of Capitalism: The Industrial Revolution led to the development of capitalism, where private individuals and businesses owned the means of production and were motivated by profit. This system allowed for greater economic growth, as individuals were incentivized to invest in new technologies and expand their businesses.

5. Urbanization: The growth of factories and the need for labor led to urbanization, as people moved from rural areas to cities to find work. This led to the growth of urban centers and the development of new industries and services, such as transportation and retail.

Overall, the Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on the economies of Europe, transforming them from agrarian-based to industrial-based economies. The increase in productivity, expansion of markets, development of capitalism, and urbanization were all significant changes that reshaped the economic landscape of Europe and set the stage for further economic growth and development in the centuries to come.

The political and social order in place in France prior to the French Revolution of 1789 was referred to as the "Old Order," also known as the "Ancien Régime."

First Estate: The highly influential and affluent clergy. They owned a lot of land and were exempt from paying taxes. Bishops and other members of the high clergy, such as abbots, were also regarded as nobles and held significant political positions. The nobility, or second estate, was made up of wealthy and influential aristocrats who held the majority of high positions and were entitled to a number of privileges, including tax exemption. Lesser nobles had fewer privileges and frequently faced financial difficulties. The Third Estate is the remainder of the population, which includes the affluent middle class as well as workers, artisans, and peasants. They paid taxes but had few privileges or chances for social advancement. They also had to deal with unemployment, food shortages, and exploitation by the affluent classes.

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Throughout the Great Trek, there were numerous conflicts between the Voortrekkers with black tribes.

Jan de Winnaar, which settled with in Matlakeng region in May or June of 1838, was the hikers' pioneer in this region.

Farmers attempted to colonise the region between both the two rivers, especially north of a Caledon, as more settlers moved into the area, saying that the Sotho people had abandoned it.

The Great Trek, also known as the Afrikaans Groot Trek, was an exodus of 12,000 - 14,000 Boers leaving Cape Colony in Southern Africa between 1835 as well as the beginning of 1840 in protest of British government policies and in pursuit of new pasturelands.

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