Despite the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, which abolished slavery, granted citizenship and equal protection under the law, and prohibited the denial of voting rights based on race, barriers to minority voting continued to exist throughout the late 19th and early-to-mid 20th centuries in the United States. Some of the most significant barriers included:
Poll taxes: Some states required citizens to pay a fee to vote, which disproportionately affected poor and minority voters who could not afford to pay.Literacy tests: Some states required potential voters to pass a literacy test, which was often designed to be so difficult that even highly educated individuals could not pass.Grandfather clauses: Some states allowed individuals to vote only if their grandfathers had been eligible to vote, which effectively excluded African Americans whose grandfathers had been slaves and were unable to vote.Intimidation and violence: Many African Americans were threatened, beaten, or killed for attempting to register to vote or exercise their right to vote.Gerrymandering: Some states used redistricting to dilute the voting power of minority communities.These barriers to minority voting persisted until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, when activists fought for and secured greater protections for voting rights, including the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
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Which physical feature of the African continent lies close to the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar, and the southern tip of Spain?
Responses
Mount Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro
Mozambique Channel
Mozambique Channel
Atlas Mountains
Atlas Mountains
Cape of Good Hope
Cape of Good Hope
Answer: Atlas Mountains
why did jarnail singh bhindranwale and his followers capture the sacred court complex in amritsar, india in 1983?
Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his followers captured the sacred court complex in Amritsar, India in 1983 because they wanted to protest against the discrimination of Sikhs by the Indian government.
What was the reason behind the capture of the sacred court complex by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his followers in Amritsar, India in 1983?Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale was a Sikh leader who fought for the rights of the Sikh community in India.
He was unhappy with the way the Indian government was treating the Sikhs and wanted to protest against the discrimination of Sikhs. In 1983, he and his followers captured the sacred court complex in Amritsar, India to protest against the discrimination of Sikhs by the Indian government.
The sacred court complex in Amritsar is a religious site for Sikhs and is also known as the Golden Temple. It is considered to be the holiest shrine of the Sikh religion.
The Indian government had been discriminating against the Sikhs for a long time, and Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his followers wanted to make a statement against this discrimination. The capture of the sacred court complex by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his followers was a major event in the history of the Sikh community in India.
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14. what was the impact of these revolutionary movements on new nations in latin america? what were caudillos, and how did the revolutions lead to their rise?
The revolutionary movements in Latin America played a pivotal role in the formation of new nations, and their aftermath was led by military strongmen known as caudillos.
These caudillos were influential figures who often held authoritarian or semi-authoritarian governments in the newly-formed nations. The revolutions led by these caudillos resulted in the fragmentation of colonial states and the emergence of independent nations.
Caudillos wielded a great deal of power and influence in their respective countries. They were responsible for appointing officials, enacting new laws, and enforcing their vision for the nation. They also established patronage networks that helped them consolidate political control and maintain their power.
By controlling access to economic and political resources, caudillos were able to keep their rivals in check and establish dictatorships that had a lasting impact on their countries.
Thus, the revolutionary movements and the rise of caudillos had a significant impact on the development of Latin American nations. The authoritarian and semi-authoritarian governments that emerged as a result of these revolutions had lasting effects on the political and social structures of the new nations.
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. what did the various treaties signed in the first few years of the united states say about the country?
Answer:
Different parties came together and compromised. It showed that the nation came together and united. Everyone agreed on different topics.
Explanation:
toast is over cooked bread
why is having white allies in a fight for racial justice so important?
White Allies dispels the myth that racial justice is exclusively the concern of people of color by demonstrating that white men and women have taken up this fight in the past, often at considerable personal danger.
What factors most exacerbate injustice?Despite the fact that racism, economic inequality, and class prejudice are some of its main causes, social injustice can damage anyone. Social injustice exists when one group is treated more favorably than another due to its wealth, power, or position.
White Allies dispels the myth that only people of color are concerned about racial justice by demonstrating how white people have historically taken up this fight, frequently at considerable personal danger. Their experiences are intended to be an inspiration, a wake-up call, and a motivator for action to act in support of equality and human dignity at a time when racial injustice is receiving more attention.
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4. The British troops in Philadelphia lacked the supplies necessary to attack Washington's troops at
Valley Forge. True or False? Explain.
The materials required to attack Washington's men at Valley Forge were indeed in the hands of the British troops in Philadelphia. In actuality, the British at the time were in a considerably better position than the Continental Army. The statement is False.
The British troops in PhiladelphiaThe British troops in Philadelphia did have the supplies necessary to attack Washington's troops at Valley Forge. In fact, the British were in a much stronger position than the Continental Army at the time. The British controlled the city of Philadelphia, the largest city in the colonies, and had access to a well-supplied port.
Washington's troops, on the other hand, were suffering from a lack of supplies and were in a weakened state. They had retreated to Valley Forge, where they faced harsh winter conditions and a shortage of food, clothing, and ammunition.
Despite their advantage, the British chose not to attack the Continental Army at Valley Forge. Instead, they remained in Philadelphia, where they enjoyed the comforts of the city and engaged in other military campaigns. This decision has been criticized by historians as a missed opportunity for the British, as a successful attack on the Continental Army at Valley Forge could have potentially ended the Revolutionary War.
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the tutsi were primarily cattle farmers who gained significant wealth from being favored during colonial rule. responses true true false
The given statement "the Tutsi were primarily cattle farmers who gained significant wealth from being favored during colonial rule" is true because the Tutsi were mostly cattle farmers, but although being given special treatment under colonial control, they did not significantly increase their income.
In actuality, the Tutsi were given more access to education and positions of authority by the Belgians throughout the colonial era than the Hutu.
The Tutsi community as a whole did not necessarily benefit significantly from this, though. The policies of the colonial government may have helped the Tutsi elite, but the bulk of Tutsi people continued to live in poverty and had little access to resources like education.
Additionally, it is important to remember that the pre-colonial social hierarchy in Rwanda, where the Tutsi were historically the dominant class, was based on things like cattle ownership and military prowess, rather than wealth in the modern sense.
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the committee on public information: question 23 options: was directed by william jennings bryan. protected civil liberties. was a government agency that sought to shape public opinion. was affiliated with the socialist party. was limited in its efforts.
A government organization that aimed to influence civil-liberties or public opinion was the committee on public information. Option 2 is Correct.
The Committee on Public Information (1917–1919), commonly referred to as the CPI or the Creel Committee, was a free-standing American government organization established to sway public opinion in favor of the country's involvement in World War I. an extremely unpopular position to oppose the war effort.
CPI was founded in order to rally support for World War One. In reaction to the United States' entry into World War I, President Woodrow Wilson formed the committee in April 1917 by Executive Order 2594 in an effort to rally public opinion in support of the war effort using all available mass communication tools. Hence, Option 2 is Correct.
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Correct Question:
The committee on public information: options:
1. was directed by william jennings bryan.
2. protected civil liberties. was a government agency that sought to shape public opinion.
3. was affiliated with the socialist party.
4. was limited in its efforts.
in losing the 2020 election, president trump became the first president since 1992 not to win re-election. which president lost his bid for re-election in 1992?
The President who lost his bid for re-election in 1992 was George H. W. Bush. George H. W. Bush served as the 41st President of the United States, from 1989 to 1993. After his single term in office, he was defeated in the 1992 election by Bill Clinton.
During his presidency, Bush sought to continue the economic prosperity of Ronald Reagan’s two terms, but economic recession hindered his efforts. Additionally, the Gulf War, a conflict that began with the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in 1990, distracted from Bush’s domestic agenda.
Bush was also hurt by the third-party candidacy of Ross Perot, who received a larger-than-usual number of votes for a third-party candidate, taking away votes from Bush that might have otherwise gone to him. In the end, Bush was defeated by Clinton in the election, becoming the first incumbent president to lose re-election since 1976.
Although he was not re-elected, Bush left a legacy of the America he wished to leave behind. During his presidency, he was the driving force behind the Americans with Disabilities Act, which prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities. He also supported a civil rights act that made it illegal to deny someone housing based on their race, religion, gender, disability, or familial status.
Bush was also a strong advocate for education, promoting education reform and increasing funding for education programs. He increased access to health care for low-income families and children and sought to protect the environment. Bush will forever be remembered as a great president who served his country with integrity and honor.
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the marshall plan succeeded in providing the marshall plan succeeded in providing support for the struggling nations of eastern europe. military aid to eastern europe. increased political stability in the united states. economic aid to western europe.
The Marshall Plan was successful in delivering assistance to the Eastern European countries who were in need. Option 1 is correct.
Putting the Marshall Plan to Work By repairing factories, railways, bridges, and other infrastructure, industrial and agricultural productivity may be increased quickly. Increase commerce both within and outside of the European Union. Establish financial stability while battling inflation. build a global market devoid of trade restrictions between nations.
The plan's main objectives were to stop communism from spreading throughout Western Europe and to stabilize the global order in a way that would promote the growth of democratic democracies and free-market economies. Marshall's speech was quickly and favorably received in Europe.
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Correct Question:
The marshall plan
1. succeeded in providing the marshall plan succeeded in providing support for the struggling nations of eastern europe.
2. military aid to eastern europe.
3. increased political stability in the united states.
4. economic aid to western europe.
Pope Francis tells us that like the three apostles at the Transfiguration, we can experience the wonder of a personal encounter with Jesus and it will transform our lives, filling us with a joy we cannot help but share.
Cite some ways on which you commit to doing this week on how to share this joy you experience Jesus especially to those who are in need, suffering, and in despair.
We can see here that some some ways one can commit sharing this joy one experiences in Jesus are:
By sharing the gospel of salvation to them.By lending a helping hand to the needy.By interceding for those who are suffering.Who is Jesus Christ?Jesus Christ is the central figure in Christianity and is believed by Christians to be the Son of God and the Savior of the world. He was born in Bethlehem to the Mary and Joseph, and his life and teachings are recorded in the New Testament of the Bible.
Jesus lived a sinless life, performed miracles, died on the cross as a sacrifice for the sins of humanity, and rose from the dead on the third day. His teachings emphasize love, compassion, forgiveness, and service to others, and have had a profound impact on the world for over two thousand years.
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What do you think was the most important change made by reconstruction state government
Answer:
Historians and scholars argue that the most important change made by the Reconstruction state governments was the ratification of three constitutional amendments (13th, 14th, and 15th) that abolished slavery, granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to African Americans, and ensured black men's right to vote. These amendments represented a significant shift away from the pre-war social and economic order and expanded the scope of civil rights and liberties for all Americans. Additionally, Reconstruction governments played a crucial role in establishing public schools, building infrastructure, and promoting land reform policies that benefited poor whites and freedmen in the South.
What does the Golden Rhino tell you about the person was buried wit it?
The golden rhinoceros of Mapungubwe is a historical relic from the South African kingdom of Mapungubwe, which dates back to the middle ages.
It is made of wood and is plated in thin sheets of gold. It was uncovered by archaeologists from the University of Pretoria in 1932 on a royal grave on Mapungubwe Hill. It was on display at the British Museum as a component of an exhibition honoring South African art from 26 October 2016 to 27 February 2017. The golden rhinoceros of Mapungubwe is a representation of the wealth and trade that were present in that South African city throughout the Middle Ages. Many items, including a golden rhino, were uncovered at the Greifswald excavation site.
The location makes it clear that there is a ruling class that resides apart in a hilltop community. This is the first instance of a class-based society in southern Africa that is known to exist. This artifact demonstrates Mapungubwe as a prosperous trading hub.
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An essay for ¨Is Chocolate Good for Côte d'Ivoire¨
The best chocolate comes from West Africa, indeed.
Why is West Africa the best region?With nearly 30% of the world's supply, Ghana is the second-largest supplier of cocoa, providing jobs for over 700,000 cocoa farmers. Less than $2 billion of the $130 billion global chocolate market goes to Ghana, and cocoa farmers only receive at most 7% of the value chain (those who manufacture, sell, and market chocolate receive more than 80%). Local Ghanaian chocolate manufacturers and brands are now pushing for domestic production of bars rather than exports of raw cocoa, breaking a long-standing economic trading pattern.
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after escaping captivity saint patrick returned to ireland as a ______
Answer:Saint Patrick was an enslaved worker in Ireland for six years and eventually returned to his homeland, entering the clergy. He then returned as a missionary in Ireland in 432
Explanation:
true or false: the mughals were muslim, so they never represented figures in their manuscripts. instead, they used abstract forms, such as arabesques and vegetal designs.
The given satement, "the Mughals were muslim, so they never represented figures in their manuscripts. instead, they used abstract forms, such as arabesques and vegetal designs," is false (F) because while the Mughals were a Muslim dynasty, they did represent figures in their manuscripts.
They often depicted portraits, landscapes, and religious themes, as well as abstract forms such as arabesques and vegetal designs.
The Mughals did represent figures in their manuscripts, but there were some instances where they used abstract forms such as arabesques and vegetal designs as well. The Mughals were a Muslim dynasty that ruled India from the 16th to the 19th century, and they were known for their rich artistic traditions, including manuscript illustration. While it is true that Islamic art has a tradition of avoiding the representation of human figures, the Mughals were influenced by Persian and Indian artistic traditions that did include figural representation.
Therefore, Mughal manuscripts often feature portraits, scenes of court life, and depictions of animals and landscapes, in addition to decorative elements such as arabesques and floral motifs.
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Which following Act's were not included in the Intolerable Acts?
The Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Quartering Act, and the Administration of Justice Act were some of these statutes. It is occasionally referred to as one of the Coercive Acts even though the Quebec Act of 1774, which had nothing to do with the Boston Tea Party, was not one.
Which Intolerable Acts constitute each of them?The British Parliament passed a number of stringent legislation known as The Intolerable Acts in the wake of the Boston Tea Party in 1774. The actions were carried out in retaliation for the colonists of Massachusetts' opposition during the Tea Party demonstrations against the Tea Act, a tax law that Parliament approved in May 1773.
What were the earliest Intolerable Acts?The Boston Port Act was the first unconscionable law to be passed. It served as the immediate response of the city of Boston to the Boston Tea Party. Until the colonists made up for the tea they had dumped into the water, the law forbade any ships from docking in Boston's harbor.
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How is Hebrew calendar different than the western calendar?
Answer:
The Hebrew calendar is used by Jewish regions and the Western calendar is used by most of the world.
what is there in the passage quoted that could give support to the idea that world war i was both the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century?
The passage quoted supports the idea that World War I was both the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century because it references a massive global conflict that irrevocably changed the landscape of international relations.
World War I, which took place from 1914 to 1918, was a transformative event that marked a significant shift in the course of world history.
The war can be seen as a turning point between the 19th century, characterized by imperialism, nationalism, and militarism, and the 20th century, which saw the rise of new forms of political and social organization, as well as the emergence of new technologies and global conflicts.
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What was the general direction of voting rights throughout the second half of the nineteenth century in Europe, the Americas, Australia, and New Zealand?
Increasing poll taxes required to vote
A greater percentage of people having the right to vote
Increasingly strict educational and financial requirements to vote
A higher and higher minimum age to vote
The second option, a greater percentage of people having the right to vote, is the best option.
What exactly are voting rights in the United States?Voting eligibility in the United States is controlled by the United States Constitution and other state and federal regulations. Some many constitutional changes (explicitly the Fifteenth, Nineteenth, but instead Twenty-sixth) mandate that US citizens have the right to vote. U.S. citizens not be abridged on the basis of race, colour, previous condition of servitude, sex, or age (18 and older); the constitution as originally written did not establish any such rights during 1787-1870, except that if a state permitted a person to vote for the "most numerous branch" of its state legislature,United States House of Representatives.
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7. What evidence, if any, did Henry give in his resolutions that British citizens living in Great Britain could not be taxed w/out representation?
Answer:
British would always have the representation in Parliament.
Explanation:
when the confederation congress called for a new convention in 1787, they did so with the stated purpose of
When the Confederation Congress called for a new convention in 1787, they did so with the stated purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.
'What is the confederation congress?The Confederation Congress refers to the national government of the United States that existed from March 1, 1781, to March 4, 1789. The government of the United States was based on the Articles of Confederation, which created a weak central government and a powerful state government.
What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention?The purpose of the Constitutional Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation. The Confederation Congress called for a new convention in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation because the existing system of government wasn't working.
The Articles of Confederation created a government that was too weak to solve the country's problems. The delegates to the Constitutional Convention decided that they couldn't revise the Articles of Confederation and that a new system of government was required.
They drafted a new constitution that created a strong central government with a system of checks and balances. The Constitution created a new government that was able to solve the country's problems.
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what is the in which city can you find this perfectly preserved roman temple?argest island in the contiguous u.s.?
The largest island in the contiguous United States is Marthas Vineyard, located off the coast of Massachusetts. This island is roughly 20 miles long and 9 miles wide, and is one of the few islands in the region that has remained largely undisturbed by human development. It is home to a variety of wildlife and vegetation, and is a popular vacation spot.
The perfectly preserved Roman temple can be found in the city of Orange, France. This temple dates back to the 1st century and is known as the Temple of Vesta, one of the oldest and best-preserved temples in the region. It is a circular structure with a hexagonal altar in the center, made of limestone blocks and marble columns.
The temple is dedicated to Vesta, the goddess of the home, and was once a part of a larger complex. The temple is a testament to the Roman Empire's engineering prowess, and is a major tourist attraction in the area.
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what lie did american enslavers tell themselves and others that allowed them to justify the horrible practice of slavery?
American enslavers justified slavery by creating the myth that African Americans were inferior to whites and were better off in slavery than in freedom. This myth was propagated through ideas like white supremacy and fabrication
The myth of African American inferiority was spread through the use of derogatory terms and stories. Enslaved individuals were labeled as “savages” and portrayed as being incapable of leading independent lives.
Furthermore, enslavers argued that slaves were too emotionally immature to understand the concept of freedom, and thus needed the guidance of their masters to survive.
This myth was bolstered by laws and social norms that denied African Americans basic rights, such as the right to vote and the right to an education. The myth of African American inferiority was also used to legitimize slavery by claiming that slaves were more productive and better off under their enslavers than they would be in freedom.
This argument was frequently used to defend the cruelty of slavery, as enslavers claimed that their abusive behavior was for the benefit of their slaves.
The myth of African American inferiority was used by enslavers to deny the humanity of African Americans and justify their enslavement. This myth was spread through derogatory language, laws and social norms, and false claims of African American productivity and contentment under slavery.
Ultimately, this myth was a fabrication used to allow enslavers to continue their brutal practices with a clear conscience.
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the cross-carpet page of the lindisfarne gospels demonstrates both continuity and change through the use of
The Cross-Carpet Page of the Lindisfarne Gospels represents both continuity and change by the use of a combination of traditional and Christian symbols.
Explanation:
The Lindisfarne Gospels are one of the most well-known illuminated manuscripts from the Middle Ages. This manuscript was created on the island of Lindisfarne,
located off the coastal of Northumberland, England, in the 7th century. The Lindisfarne Gospels are significant because they are among the earliest examples of the Hiberno-Saxon style of manuscript illumination,
which is distinguished by its rich, intricate ornamentation, and intricate interlacing patterns.
The Cross-Carpet Page of the Lindisfarne Gospels is a striking example of this style.
The Cross-Carpet Page of the Lindisfarne Gospels is a full-page image that is decorated with a complex and intricate interlaced pattern of spirals, knots, and animals.
The Cross-Carpet Page of the Lindisfarne Gospels demonstrates both continuity and change through the use of a combination of traditional and Christian symbols.
For example, the interlaced knotwork and spiral patterns are traditional Celtic motifs that have been used for centuries.
These motifs are intricately woven together and are repeated throughout the design, creating a sense of unity and continuity.
In addition to these traditional patterns, the Cross-Carpet Page of the Lindisfarne Gospels also includes Christian symbols such as the Chi-Rho monogram,
which represents Christ, and the four evangelist symbols of the winged lion, eagle, ox, and man, which are associated with the four Gospels.
By incorporating these Christian symbols into the traditional knotwork and spiral patterns, the artist created a sense of continuity between the old and the new, the pagan and the Christian.
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Which action led the United States into the War of 1812?
A
American warships were captured at sea and forced to fight for Britain. B
American merchant sailors smuggling goods to Europe were imprisoned in Britain. C
American merchant sailors were impressed into naval service to fight for Britain. D
American warships sailing from European ports were boarded and impounded in Britain
The action that led the United States into the War of 1812 was: American merchant sailors were impressed into naval service to fight for Britain.
The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States and the United Kingdom, along with its North American colonies of Canada and Bermuda, between 1812 and 1815.
The war was fought over several issues, including trade restrictions brought about by the British in their continuing conflict with France, the British practice of impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support of Native American tribes against American expansion, and many more.
The War of 1812 began primarily due to British maritime policies. These policies, which included the practice of impressment, angered Americans who believed that their rights as a neutral country were being violated.
Impressment was the act of British sailors boarding American ships and forcibly drafting American seamen into British naval service. British impressment was the immediate cause of the war because it inflamed American public opinion.
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The system that organized Western Europe in the Middle Ages around land, loyalty, and labor was labeled what by historians later?
Capitalism
Feudalism
Monarchy
Humanism
Feudalism was a political and military structure that reached its height in medieval Europe between the ninth and fifteenth centuries. It can be generically categorized as a system.
What system centered labor and land loyalty throughout the Middle Ages in Western Europe?Feudalism, often known as the feudal system, is the collective name for the set of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political activities that flourished in medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. The term "feudalism," often known as the "feudal system" or simply "feudality," is a historiographic construct that refers to the social, economic, and political conditions that prevailed in western Europe throughout the early Middle Ages, or the extensive period from the fifth to the twelfth centuries.
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at the turn of the century, the french academy was divided rather sharply between two doctrines. which doctrine taught that color was the most important element?
The Rubenistes doctrine taught that color was the most important element in art at the turn of the century in the French Academy.
The Rubenistes doctrine were followers of Charles-Antoine Coypel and emphasized the importance of color over line in painting. They believed that color should be used to evoke emotion and create a harmonious and pleasing visual experience. The opposing doctrine, the Poussinistes, believed that line and composition were more important than color.
This disagreement led to heated debates and even physical altercations within the French Academy, ultimately influencing the direction of French art in the 18th century.
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3. which principle of the enlightenment is expressed in this quotation from the declaration of the rights of man?
The Enlightenment principle that is expressed in this quotation from the Declaration of the Rights of Man is that “all men are born and remain free and equal in rights.” During the Enlightenment, individuals began to question the authority of monarchs and the church, demanding that society be founded on reason, knowledge, and freedom.
According to the Enlightenment principle, human rights should be equal to all people, regardless of their status or origin. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which was adopted by the French National Assembly in August 1789, reflected these Enlightenment ideals.
The document established the equal rights of all men, irrespective of their religion or social status, including the right to property, freedom of speech, and the right to fair trials. These rights, along with the recognition of the importance of personal freedoms, were fundamental in establishing democracy and modernity, principles that shaped Europe and the Americas during the 19th and 20th centuries.
The Enlightenment principle served as an inspiration for the drafting of many modern constitutions around the world, and their principles have been integrated into the law of many countries today. The Enlightenment principle of equal rights, as expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man, was a crucial turning point in human history, marking the beginning of a new era of human freedom, democracy, and enlightenment.
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what happened in the opening months of taft's administration, when he called congress into special session to lower protective tariff rates?
In the opening months of Taft's administration, when he called Congress into special session to lower protective tariff rates, the House of Representatives passed a bill that lowered tariffs.
On August 5, 1909, the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act, which implemented the tariff reductions, was signed into law by Taft. The Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act was supposed to lower the protective tariff rates. The legislation failed to achieve Taft's goals, but it was hailed as a step forward by most progressives.
The tariff rates, on the other hand, were reduced as a result of the law. The bill provided for the removal of the existing duties on certain commodities and the lowering of rates on others. There was a debate among progressive Republican and Democratic members of Congress over the issue of tariff reform.
Taft worked to reduce tariffs and change the national government's role in business. The bill failed to reduce tariffs as much as Taft had hoped, and it became the subject of controversy within the Republican Party.
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