Natural rights are a subject of philosophical debate, with Bentham rejecting their existence, while Martin Luther King Jr. advocated for their recognition. International law governs relations between states and relies on their consent for effectiveness.
A "right" is a moral or legal entitlement that individuals possess, typically granted to protect their interests, dignity, and freedom. The concept of natural rights suggests that these rights are inherent to all human beings, independent of any government or legal system.
Whether natural rights exist is a matter of philosophical debate, with some arguing that they are fundamental and immutable, while others view rights as socially constructed. Jeremy Bentham, a utilitarian philosopher, would likely reject the notion of natural rights.
Bentham believed that rights are artificial constructs and that their legitimacy should be determined by their ability to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. He emphasized the importance of legal rights, focusing on their utility rather than their inherent existence.
Martin Luther King Jr., an influential civil rights leader, advocated for the recognition of natural rights. He believed that certain rights, such as equality, freedom, and justice, are not granted by governments but are endowed by a higher moral authority. King's advocacy for civil rights was rooted in the belief that individuals possess inherent rights that should be protected and respected by society and its institutions.
"International law" refers to a system of rules and principles governing relations between states and other international actors. While it faces challenges and limitations, it is possible to have international law. It encompasses treaties, conventions, customary practices, and judicial decisions that regulate various aspects of international relations, including human rights, armed conflict, trade, and the environment.
International law relies on the consent and participation of nations, and its effectiveness depends on their willingness to abide by its principles and norms. Although compliance may not always be perfect, international law plays a vital role in fostering cooperation, resolving disputes, and promoting a more just and orderly global order.
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Mantyla's "banana/yellow, bunches, edible" experiment employed three conditions, which yielded quite different results. Describe the three conditions as well as the results of each. What do these results predict about students studying from their own notebooks versus studying from notes borrowed from a classmate? Why does it matter? The study was a test about how context helps people remember information. In one condition, people were given descriptions that they made up after seeing a list of fruits and vegetables. In another condition the cues were made up by a memory expert, in the third condition, the cues were made up by random other people. Participants remembered the most words when they used cues made up by a memory expert. Students should borrow notes to study when the note taker is doing really well in the class, this is because the A students have better memory cues. The study was a test about how context helps people remember information. After seeing a list of words, people were told to imagine how words were related to one another. Participants then made up memory cues based on their imagination. In another condition, the cues were made up by other people, and in the last condition no cues were presented. Participants remembered the most words when they used their own cues. Students should use their own notes to study, but try to imagine the concepts visually, this is because everyone's memory cues are unique to the way they store information. The study was a test about memory cues for items in a word list. In one condition, people were shown objects related to words on the list, and then made up their own memory cues, in another they saw the list but the cues were made up by other people, in the other condition, no cues were provided. Participants remembered the most words when they used their own cues. Students should use their own notes to study, but this only works if they have power point slides to focus on, this is because everyone's memory cues are unique to the way they store information. The study was a test about memory cues for items in a word list. In one condition, people were given descriptions that they made up after seeing the list, in another they saw the list but the cues were made up by other people, in the other condition, they did not see the list and the cues were made up by other people. Participants remembered the most words when they used their own cues. Students should use their own notes to study, this is because everyone's memory cues are unique to the way they store information.
The study, Mantyla's "banana/yellow, bunches, edible" experiment employed three conditions, which yielded quite different results.
The three conditions and their results are described below:
Results: Participants remembered fewer words when they used cues made up by random people.
The results of the experiment predict that students studying from their own notebooks would remember less information than those studying from notes borrowed from a classmate who is doing really well in the class. It matters because it is better for students to use notes made by A students who have better memory cues.
Students should borrow notes to study when the note taker is doing really well in the class, this is because the A students have better memory cues.
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express motivations for involvement in organized crime (100
words)
"People join organized crime groups because…..
People join organized crime groups due to various motivations, such as financial gain, protection, a sense of belonging, and power.
There are several reasons why individuals may choose to become involved in organized crime. Financial gain is a significant motivating factor, as organized crime groups often engage in lucrative illegal activities such as drug trafficking, extortion, and money laundering.
The promise of wealth and material possessions can entice individuals to join these groups. Additionally, organized crime offers a sense of protection and security to its members. By affiliating themselves with powerful criminal networks, individuals may believe they can avoid harm and gain a sense of safety in their communities.
The need for a sense of belonging and camaraderie can also drive individuals to join organized crime, as these groups provide a tight-knit community and a support system that may be lacking in other aspects of their lives.
Lastly, the allure of power and control can be a motivating factor, as individuals seek to exert influence and authority within the criminal underworld.
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Is there anything inherent in systems theory that
necessitates ignoring individual characteristics (such as
personality and psychopathology) or cultural influences (such as
ethnicity and gender roles)
No, there is nothing inherent in systems theory that necessitates ignoring individual characteristics or cultural influences. In fact, systems theory recognizes the importance of both individual characteristics and cultural influences in understanding human behavior and interactions within a larger system.
Systems theory views individuals as part of interconnected systems, where interactions and relationships between individuals and their environment shape behavior and outcomes. It acknowledges that individual characteristics, such as personality traits and psychopathology, can significantly influence how individuals perceive and respond to their social environment.
Similarly, cultural influences, including ethnicity, gender roles, and other sociocultural factors, are vital components of systems theory. Culture shapes beliefs, values, norms, and social expectations, all of which influence individual behavior and the functioning of larger systems. Systems theory emphasizes the importance of considering cultural diversity and its impact on individuals and systems.
While systems theory may focus on the dynamics and interactions within systems, it does not require or advocate for ignoring individual characteristics or cultural influences. Rather, it encourages a comprehensive understanding that integrates both individual and contextual factors to better comprehend human behavior and promote well-being within a broader systemic perspective.
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Describe how Solomon Asch's think study did or did not follow the 5
APA principles. (Describe how for each principle ising examples
feom the study.)
Solomon Asch's famous conformity study, where participants were asked to match line lengths, adhered to several of the American Psychological Association's (APA) principles.
Beneficence and Nonmaleficence: The study ensured the well-being of participants by not causing any physical harm. However, some argue that the potential psychological distress caused by the experiment may have violated this principle.Fidelity and Responsibility: Asch took responsibility for the study's design, execution, and interpretation. He ensured accurate reporting of the findings, promoting transparency and trustworthiness.Integrity: The study was conducted with scientific integrity, as it aimed to investigate the impact of group influence on individual perception. The results were reported honestly, regardless of whether they supported Asch's hypotheses.Justice: The study treated participants fairly and avoided any form of discrimination. However, some argue that participants may not have provided fully informed consent, as they were not aware of the true purpose of the study.Respect for People's Rights and Dignity: While participants' autonomy may have been compromised by the lack of full disclosure, Asch ensured their privacy and confidentiality by using anonymous data and protecting their identities.Overall, while Solomon Asch's conformity study followed some APA principles such as fidelity, integrity, and justice, it raised ethical concerns regarding beneficence, nonmaleficence, and respect for people's rights and dignity.
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Gestalt psychologists show that our mind (brain) creates depictions of reality that actually don’t exist. In the case of apparent motion, this phenomenon was called the ...
a.Wertheimer phenomenon
b.train crossing light effect
c.phi phenomenon
d.apparent phenomenon
e.non of the above
The correct answer to the given question is the C option, "phi phenomenon.
"The phi phenomenon is an optical illusion that produces the impression of movement when two or more adjacent lights are displayed in rapid succession.
The phi phenomenon is one of the most well-known optical illusions, having been investigated by a number of psychologists throughout history.
When two or more adjacent lights are flashed on and off in rapid succession, the phi phenomenon produces the impression of movement between them.
The phi phenomenon was discovered by Max Wertheimer, a German psychologist, in the early 20th century. The phi phenomenon, along with the stroboscopic effect and beta movement, are the three basic visual illusions created by motion.
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12. In the Wynn (1992) paper we read, the researchers tested infants' looking time to simple math calculations using Mickey Mouses in a display case. Across all 3 experiments, the experimenters manipulated as an independent variable, and this was a. whether the math problem was addition or subtraction; between-subjects whether the outcome was expected or unexpected; within-subjects C whether infants saw 1 Mickey Mouse or 2 Mickey Mouse at the end; between- subjects d. how long infants were looking; within-subjects
In the Wynn (1992) paper, the researchers conducted experiments involving infants' looking time to simple math calculations using Mickey Mouse displays. They manipulated several independent variables across the three experiments, including whether the math problem was addition or subtraction, whether the outcome was expected or unexpected, and whether infants saw one or two Mickey Mouse figures at the end.
In the Wynn (1992) paper, the researchers aimed to explore infants' numerical abilities and their understanding of basic addition and subtraction. To achieve this, they conducted a series of experiments where they manipulated various independent variables.
Firstly, one of the independent variables manipulated was whether the math problem presented to the infants involved addition or subtraction. This allowed the researchers to examine whether infants showed any differential responses or preferences based on the type of mathematical operation being presented.
Secondly, the researchers manipulated whether the outcome of the math problem was expected or unexpected. By presenting unexpected outcomes, they could assess infants' ability to recognize deviations from their expectations and how they responded to such discrepancies.
Another independent variable that was manipulated was whether infants saw one or two Mickey Mouse figures at the end of the display. This variation aimed to investigate whether infants' looking time or attention was influenced by the number of objects presented in relation to the mathematical calculation.
Lastly, the duration of infants' looking time was also considered as an independent variable. By measuring how long infants looked at the displays, the researchers could examine their level of engagement or interest in the presented stimuli and whether it varied based on the experimental conditions.
Overall, the Wynn (1992) paper utilized these independent variables to systematically investigate infants' responses to simple math calculations using Mickey Mouse displays. The manipulation of these variables allowed for a comprehensive exploration of infants' numerical abilities, their expectations, and their attentional responses to different stimuli and conditions.
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Which of the following provides evidence of the importance of genes in determining personality: That monozygotic twins raised together score more similarly on measures of their personality traits than monozygotic twins raised apart That dizygotic twins score more similarly on measures of their personality traits than non- twin siblings That monozygotic twins score more similarly on measures of their personality traits than dizygotic twins That dizygotic twins raised together score more similarly on measures of their personality traits than dizygotic twins raised apart Alejandro enjoys spending time with friends and family, and he particularly enjoys parties and social events. According to the Big Five trait theory of personality, he would likely score high on: O Negative Emotionality (Neuroticism) Extraversion Conscientiousness O Outgoingness
Monozygotic twins raised together scoring more similarly on measures of their personality traits than monozygotic twins raised apart provides evidence of the importance of genes in determining personality.
Monozygotic twins, also known as identical twins, are twins who develop from a single fertilized egg and, as a result, share the same genetic makeup.
As a result, if monozygotic twins have comparable personalities, it indicates that genes have a significant impact on personality. On the other hand, dizygotic twins (fraternal twins) develop from separate eggs fertilized by different sperm.
They are thus no more genetically similar than any other two siblings. As a result, dizygotic twins' comparable personalities do not indicate that genes have a significant impact on personality.
The Big Five Personality Traits The Big Five personality traits, often known as the five-factor model (FFM), is a widely used psychological theory that divides human personality into five categories: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (often abbreviated as OCEAN or CANOE).
Among the Big Five, Extraversion is the category to which Alejandro is most likely to score high. Extraversion is the quality of being outgoing and sociable and being energized by interacting with others.
Therefore, according to the Big Five trait theory of personality, Alejandro would likely score high on Extraversion.
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For each statement, highlight the verb phrase and write a corresponding imperative sentence. Words in upper case are stressed and should be retained in the command.¹ Example: You will write now. Write now. YOU will write now. You, write now. 1. You will write a set of instructions. 2. You will include a purpose statement, required parts, numbered steps, 3. You will not forget the warnings and cautions. 4. You may text me if you have questions. 5. If you have legal concerns, you may contact corporate legal services. 6. You and your colleagues must collaborate effectively on the project. 7. We will finish this project on time and under budget. 8. YOU will do your part. 9. We will all do our best. 11. We will not be late. Will not and visuals. 10. Biff, YOU should contact our clients immediately, and you should update our distributors. We won't be late 12. You shouldn't be planning your vacation until you complete this project.
1. Write a set of instructions. 2. Include a purpose statement, required parts, and numbered steps. 3. Do not forget the warnings and cautions. 4. Text me if you have questions.5. Contact corporate legal services if you have legal concerns. 6. Collaborate effectively on the project. 7. Finish this project on time and under budget. 8. Do your part. 9. Do your best. 10. Biff, contact our clients immediately and update our distributors. 11. Do not be late. Pay attention to visuals. 12. Do not plan your vacation until you complete this project.
1. The verb phrase "will write" is transformed into the imperative sentence "Write."
2. The verb phrase "will include" is transformed into the imperative sentence "Include."
3. The verb phrase "will not forget" is transformed into the imperative sentence "Do not forget."
4. The verb phrase "may text" is transformed into the imperative sentence "Text."
5. The verb phrase "may contact" is transformed into the imperative sentence "Contact."
6. The verb phrase "must collaborate effectively" is transformed into the imperative sentence "Collaborate."
7. The verb phrase "will finish" is transformed into the imperative sentence "Finish."
8. The verb phrase "will do" is transformed into the imperative sentence "Do."
9. The verb phrase "will do" is transformed into the imperative sentence "Do."
10. The verb phrases "should contact" and "should update" are transformed into the imperative sentence "Contact" and "Update."
11. The verb phrase "will not be" is transformed into the imperative sentence "Do not be." The additional instruction "Pay attention to visuals" is added.
12. The verb phrase "shouldn't be planning" is transformed into the imperative sentence "Do not plan." The additional instruction "until you complete this project" is added.
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What are the key factors of oral language development?
Oral language development involves the skills and knowledge used to communicate through speaking and listening.
These are the key factors of oral language development:
1. Phonology: This refers to the sound system of a language, including the sounds, stress, intonation, and rhythm.
2. Semantics: This refers to the meaning of words and sentences, including how words can be combined to create meaning.
3. Syntax: This refers to the grammatical structure of sentences, including word order and how words are combined to form phrases and clauses.
4. Morphology: This refers to the smallest units of meaning in a language, including prefixes, suffixes, and root words.
5. Pragmatics: This refers to the use of language in social contexts, including the rules for turn-taking, topic maintenance, and politeness.
6. Vocabulary: This refers to the words and phrases a person knows and uses to communicate.
7. Discourse: This refers to how people use language to create longer stretches of connected speech or written text, including narrative and expository forms of discourse.
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Why did the treatment work better for the second group of kids than the first two (Ricky and Pam)?
The treatment including the learning and adjustments made based on the experiences with the first two children, the refinement of the treatment approach, and the increased expertise and understanding of the treatment provider.
The treatment's improved effectiveness for the second group of kids can be attributed to several factors. First, the treatment provider likely gained valuable insights and knowledge from working with Ricky and Pam.
Through their experiences with the first two children, the provider would have learned about the strengths and weaknesses of the treatment approach, identified areas for improvement, and adjusted the strategies accordingly.
This learning process allowed for a more refined and targeted approach in treating the second group, taking into account the lessons learned from previous cases.
Second, the treatment provider's increased expertise and understanding of the specific challenges faced by the children would have contributed to better outcomes.
With each new case, the provider gains more experience and knowledge, becoming more adept at identifying effective interventions and customizing treatment plans to suit individual needs.
The accumulated expertise and understanding of the treatment provider likely played a significant role in achieving better results with the second group of kids.
Additionally, the second group of children may have benefited from the treatment provider's ability to apply a more tailored approach.
The provider would have been able to draw on their experience and adjust the treatment strategies based on the specific characteristics and needs of the second group.
This personalized approach, taking into account the unique challenges and strengths of each child, can enhance the effectiveness of the treatment and lead to improved outcomes.
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1. Whether law enforcement should be allowed to use civilian informants and for what purposes.
2. What safeguards should be used to provide for the safety of informants.
3. What recommendations you would make to law enforcement officials regarding the practice.
The use of civilian informants by law enforcement raises important questions regarding their role and purpose, safeguards for their safety, and recommendations for law enforcement officials. These issues require careful consideration to balance the need for effective law enforcement with the protection of informant rights and safety.
The use of civilian informants by law enforcement can be valuable in gathering intelligence, investigating crimes, and disrupting criminal activities. However, it is crucial to ensure that their use is regulated and aligned with ethical and legal standards.
Informants should be utilized for specific purposes, such as providing information on criminal activities or facilitating undercover operations, while considering the potential risks and benefits.
To safeguard the safety of informants, law enforcement agencies should establish comprehensive protocols and procedures.
This includes ensuring confidentiality, providing clear instructions and support, conducting risk assessments, and offering protective measures such as witness protection programs when necessary. It is essential to prioritize the well-being of informants and minimize the potential for retaliation or harm.
Recommendations for law enforcement officials regarding the use of informants involve adopting transparent policies, providing training on informant handling, and maintaining strict oversight. Regular monitoring, evaluation, and accountability mechanisms should be established to prevent abuses or misuse of informants.
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Which of the following is an example of a moral rule of child culture? When the teacher asks her class who threw the piece of paper at her, the class remains quiet Bobby highly values his education and does not participate in skip day to go to the park. O Tia tells her teacher about another student who is cheating on an exam. Kristin respects her parents views and does not wear her skirt too short, even though her frien QUESTION 13 Which of the following is TRUE about adolescents and sleep? High schools should start no earlier than 8:30. When start times are later in the morning, absenteeism decreases and graduation rates increas Less than half of high school students get at least 8 hours of sleep a night. All of the above. QUESTION 14 Which of the following is an explanation for early puberty? increased food availability hormones in food supplies stress All of the above QUESTION 15 Which of the following is TRUE about sexual problems in adolescence? The number of teen births has increased due to loosening social restrictions on girls More teens are using protection Teen abortion rates have increased as more girls have unwanted pregnancies All of the above
The example of a moral rule of child culture among the given options is: Tia tells her teacher about another student who is cheating on an exam.
In this scenario, Tia demonstrates a moral rule by choosing honesty and integrity over protecting her peer who is engaging in dishonest behavior. By reporting the cheating incident to her teacher, Tia upholds the value of academic integrity and fairness within the classroom. This action aligns with the moral expectations and norms that are often instilled in children, emphasizing the importance of honesty, responsibility, and maintaining a level playing field in educational settings.
It is crucial to cultivate a sense of moral responsibility and ethical behavior in children, as it helps promote a positive and respectful environment that values integrity and fairness. By encouraging and reinforcing moral rules such as Tia's action, children develop a strong foundation for making ethical decisions and contributing to a harmonious and principled society.
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You're a police officer out on the beat. A woman comes running up to you and says that she witnessed a crime and you mistakenly ask her tell you what she remembers at the spot and she's sure it was a hit and run and that it was a car, not a
motorcycle, but has difficulty recollecting the color, make and model. This is best captured why which of the following principles?
a) The reconstructive principle
b) The impurity principle
c) The specificity principle
d) The encoding-retrieval principle
The best principle that captures the scenario described is the reconstructive principle.
Reconstructive principle: The reconstructive principle refers to the idea that memory is not an exact replica of past events but is influenced by various factors, such as personal interpretations and external influences. Memories can be reconstructed or altered over time, leading to potential inaccuracies or missing details.
Witnessing a crime: In this scenario, the woman witnessed a crime, specifically a hit-and-run incident. When she approaches the police officer, she has difficulty recalling specific details about the vehicle involved, such as the color, makes, and model.
Difficulty in recollection: The woman's difficulty in recalling the specific details of the vehicle can be attributed to the reconstructive principle. It suggests that her memory of the incident may have been influenced by various factors, such as the stress of the situation, the passage of time, or the interference of other information.
Mistakenly asking for immediate recollection: The police officer mistakenly asks the woman to immediately provide all the details she remembers at the spot.
This approach may not take into account the reconstructive nature of memory and the potential need for the woman to reflect or retrieve the information from her memory more accurately.
In summary, the reconstructive principle best captures the situation where the woman has difficulty recalling specific details of a hit-and-run incident. It highlights the malleable nature of memory and the potential for reconstructing or altering memories over time.
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What needs in the area of language have you seen manifested in the schools you teach and/or observe in? What did you see as you were obtaining your own education? What can we, as educators, do to help children who are caught in the midst of this grand debate?
In schools, the need for language support is often observed among students who are English language learners, students with speech and language disorders, and those from culturally diverse backgrounds. During my own education, I witnessed varying levels of language proficiency among students. As educators, we can provide targeted interventions, culturally responsive teaching, individualized support, and create inclusive classroom environments to help children navigate the language debate and foster their language development.
Language Needs in Schools: In many schools, there is a diverse range of language needs among students. English language learners may require additional support in acquiring English proficiency, while students with speech and language disorders may need specialized interventions to improve their communication skills. Additionally, students from culturally diverse backgrounds may benefit from culturally responsive teaching that acknowledges and respects their language and cultural identities. Personal Experience: As I pursued my own education, I encountered students with varying language abilities. Some struggled with reading, writing, or speaking fluency, while others excelled in multiple languages. These experiences highlight the importance of recognizing and addressing individual language needs to ensure all students have equitable access to education and linguistic development.Supporting Children in the Language Debate: As educators, there are several strategies we can employ to help children caught in the midst of the language debate. First, we can provide targeted interventions such as English as a Second Language (ESL) programs, speech therapy, or specialized instruction to address specific language needs. Second, implementing culturally responsive teaching practices can create an inclusive classroom environment where students' diverse language backgrounds are acknowledged and celebrated. Third, individualized support through differentiated instruction and accommodations can ensure that each child's unique language challenges are addressed. Additionally, fostering a supportive and inclusive school culture that values multilingualism and diversity can contribute to a positive language learning environment.To know more about culturally responsive teaching click here,
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1. Explain the type of time use issue that has A few moments later, Phil, a sales associate in become problematic in this case. How could you, but I didn't get those sales projections fin- more interference with workplace productivity ished. I know I said I could probably finish them in the future? by today's meeting, but I couldn't find the informa- 2. Who has a greater time management problem: tion from the Midwest locations." Sanjay, or the two other employees who report "All right, I can get that information for you to him? What would you suggest Sanjay do this afternoon. I'll get back to you on it," Sanjay to improve the situation and increase pro- ductivity? What should Robyn and Phil do answered. That afternoon, Phil called. "Did you have a differently? chance to finish the sales projections? I'd like to get them over to the head office today." 3. Has a situation like this ever happened to you? "I'm still working on it," was Sanjay's reply. What did you do at the time? What would you About an hour later, Robyn came by Sanjay's office. "How is it going? Did you finish the budget report for me?"
The type of time use issue that has become problematic in this case is Sanjay's lack of prioritization and time management skills. Sanjay had promised to finish the sales projections by today's meeting, but he didn't get those sales projections finished.
Sanjay explained that he couldn't find the information from the Midwest locations. Sanjay has a greater time management problem than the other two employees who report to him. Sanjay needs to improve his time management skills. He should prioritize his tasks. He can create a to-do list and allocate specific amounts of time for each task. He should break down big tasks into smaller manageable tasks. This will enable him to achieve his tasks on time. Robyn and Phil should communicate effectively with Sanjay. They should have a clear understanding of Sanjay's workload. They can offer to help Sanjay if he has too much on his plate. They can also share their time management tips with Sanjay.
Yes, a situation like this has happened to me. I learned to prioritize my tasks and manage my time effectively. I always break down my big tasks into smaller manageable tasks, which helps me to achieve my tasks on time. I also make sure to communicate effectively with my colleagues, and we offer to help each other when we have too much on our plates.
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"It was moral for European societies in the 15th century to execute women convicted of witchcraft, because these communities believed it was moral to do so." What normative moral theory is being endorsed in this statement?
The statement endorses a cultural relativism normative moral theory by saying that the morality of executing women for witchcraft in 15th-century European societies was determined by the beliefs of those communities.
The statement is endorsing a relativistic or cultural relativism normative moral theory. Relativism posits that moral judgments are not universally objective but rather dependent on cultural, social, or individual perspectives and beliefs.
According to this perspective, the morality of an action is determined by the cultural norms and values of a particular society or community. In the given statement, it is argued that the execution of women accused of witchcraft was considered moral in 15th-century European societies because those communities believed it was the right course of action.
This implies that the moral evaluation of the action is based on the prevailing beliefs and values of that specific historical context, rather than on any universal or objective moral standards. Relativism, as a normative moral theory, emphasizes the importance of considering cultural diversity and historical contexts when evaluating moral actions.
However, it can also be subject to criticism, as it allows for moral practices that may be deemed unethical or unjust by contemporary moral standards or principles
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Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question 82 Not yet. answered. Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question 83 Not yet. answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question According to Freud's view of personality structure, the . seeks to gratify the impulses of the Select one: O a. a. ego; superego O b. ego; id O c. id; ego O d. id; superego Which of the following therapeutic techniques can be explained by classical conditioning principles? Select one: O a. Systematic desensitization and token economies. O b. Modeling and systematic desensitization O c. Modeling and token economies O d. Systematic desensitization and flooding When children do not get their own way they will sometimes throw temper tantrums where they hold their breath and roll about banging their hands and feet on the floor. Parents embarrassed and concerned about this behaviour often do what the child wants in order to stop the behaviour. As a result of doing what the child wants, the parents experience Select one: O a. Negative reinforcement O b. Positive punishment O c. Positive reinforcement O d. Negative punishment in more acceptable ways
According to Freud's view of personality structure, the id seeks to gratify the impulses of the ego.
According to Freud's structural model of personality, the id is the primary source of psychic energy, making it the basic component of personality. It includes all of the instinctual desires and demands, such as those for sex and aggression, as well as the inherent need for immediate satisfaction (the pleasure principle). This indicates that it seeks to gratify the impulses of the ego, making the answer option C the correct one.
In classical conditioning, systematic desensitization and flooding are therapeutic techniques that can be described. Systematic desensitization is a technique for treating anxiety disorders by progressively exposing the patient to the feared stimulus or situation in a controlled manner, beginning with a situation that causes only moderate fear.
Hence option D is correct.
Flooding is a method of exposing the person to the feared stimulus or situation all at once, rather than gradually, as in systematic desensitization. Positive reinforcement can be experienced by parents when they do what their children want to stop their behavior.
Positive reinforcement is the process of increasing the probability of a response and structure occurring again by providing a desirable consequence (reinforcer) following the behavior's performance. When parents do what their child wants to stop their behavior, it is called positive reinforcement because the behavior is being rewarded by something desirable (getting what they want).
Hence, option C is correct.
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Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question 52 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question 53 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question In the technique called free association, clients... Select one: O a. mingle in a group O b. relate dream objects to emotional themes O c. respond quickly with the first thing that comes to mind O d. are encouraged to "become a person" Phoebe saw the passenger in the seat across the aisle suddenly slump forward in her seat. While the other passengers looked around for a flight attendant, Phoebe immediately started to administer CPR. In this case, Phoebe's actions are the opposite of what would be expected based on Select one: O a. the bystander effect O b. social loafing O c. O d. group polarization Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the Select one: O A. absolute threshold. OB. sensory receptors. O C. hypothalamus. O D. cerebral cortex. C. the actor-observer effect
There are three different answers to three different questions as follows:
In question 52, the answer would be In the technique called free association, clients are encouraged to "respond quickly with the first thing that comes to mind.
Hence, option C is the correct answer.
Question 53: In the given situation, Phoebe saw the passenger in the seat across the aisle suddenly slump forward in her seat. Phoebe started performing CPR right away while the other passengers searched for a flight attendant. In this instance, Phoebe's actions go against what "the bystander effect" would predict. As a result, choice A is the right response.
Also, the last question answer would be Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the "sensory receptors".
Hence, option B is the correct answer.
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Free association is a psychotherapy technique wherein clients respond quickly with the first thing that comes to mind. The bystander effect role can be seen in Phoebe's situation, as this effect suggests people are less likely to help when others are present. Bottom-up processing in perception starts with sensory receptors.
Explanation:Question 52 pertains to the psychological therapeutic technique of free association. In this technique, the client is typically asked to relax and say whatever comes to mind, regardless of how irrational or irrelevant it may seem. The idea is to reveal unconscious thoughts and feelings that the client might otherwise censor. The correct answer is c. clients respond quickly with the first thing that comes to mind.
The action of Phoebe in the second question is related to the bystander effect, or the phenomenon wherein individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. The correct answer is a. the bystander effect.
Lastly, bottom-up processing, in the context of perception, involves analysis that begins with the sensory receptors. The correct answer is B. sensory receptors.
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We’re living at a time when there is growing movement toward
restoration – even the elimination of civil disenfranchisement
altogether. What contributes to this reality?
The growing movement toward restoration and the elimination of civil disenfranchisement is influenced by various factors. These include increased awareness and activism around issues of social justice, advancements in communication technology that enable widespread dissemination of information and mobilization.
The movement toward restoration or the elimination of civil disenfranchisement has gained momentum due to a widespread recognition of the unfairness and unconstitutionality of past and present policies and laws. These policies have created significant disadvantages for certain groups, leading to social, political, and economic inequalities. As a result, there is now a greater understanding and appreciation of the importance of equal civil rights for all individuals, regardless of their race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or any other characteristic that could result in discrimination and disenfranchisement.
Several factors have contributed to this growing recognition. Education plays a crucial role as more people learn about past and present injustices and how they have impacted different groups of people. By understanding the history of civil rights violations, individuals become more aware of the need for change and are motivated to take action. Activism has also played a significant role in raising awareness and advocating for equal civil rights. Protests, petitions, and other forms of advocacy have drawn attention to the injustices and created a platform for change. Additionally, the media has played a vital role in highlighting civil rights issues and bringing them to a broader audience, increasing public awareness and support for reform.
The movement toward restoration or the elimination of civil disenfranchisement is driven by a recognition of the unfairness and unconstitutionality of policies and laws that limit the civil rights of certain groups. This movement is fueled by a heightened understanding of the importance of equal civil rights for all individuals, regardless of their background. Education, activism, and media coverage have all contributed to raising awareness and advocating for change. It is through these efforts that progress is being made to address past and current injustices and work towards a society that upholds and protects the civil rights of all its members.
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A)We have read three tragedies in class: Oedipus Rex, Bacchae, Medea. Pick two tragedies, name at least one theme from each, and support your stated theme with at least three examples from the tragedy.
B)What makes a hero heroic? Discuss and give the full heroic paradigm we have discussed in the class. Then rank the following heroes in order from most heroic to least heroic and discuss the reasoning for your ranking based on the paradigm you've laid out. Heroes: Jason, Psyche, Perseus, Theseus, Cadmus
A) The two tragedies, their themes, and examples from each of them are as follows:
Oedipus Rex
Theme: The inevitability of fate
Example 1: The prophecy that Oedipus would murder his father and marry his mother came true.
Example 2: Jocasta attempted to avoid the prophecy by abandoning her son, but it still came true.
Example 3: Oedipus, upon discovering the truth, blinded himself as a consequence.
Bacchae
Theme: The dangers of arrogance
Example 1: Pentheus refused to recognize the divinity of Dionysus and faced punishment.
Example 2: Agave, Pentheus' mother, boasted about killing a mountain lion, unaware it was her own son. She later experienced immense grief upon realizing her mistake.
Example 3: Dionysus, a god, willingly allowed himself to be captured by mortals to teach them a lesson in respect.
B) The complete heroic paradigm discussed in class is as follows:
Heroes possess exceptional physical abilities and mental traits, which they employ to overcome great obstacles and achieve extraordinary feats. They demonstrate a strong sense of duty and honour, willingly making personal sacrifices for the greater good. However, heroes often possess a tragic flaw or weakness that ultimately leads to their downfall. They frequently receive assistance from supernatural or divine sources.
Based on this paradigm, the heroes can be ranked from most heroic to least heroic as follows:
Perseus - He exhibits bravery, resourcefulness, and intelligence, with assistance from the gods. He slays Medusa and saves Andromeda. His only flaw is his tendency towards rashness.
Theseus - He displays strength, intelligence, and bravery, accompanied by divine assistance. He defeats the Minotaur and the Amazons. However, he is susceptible to a weakness for women and ultimately abandons his wife for another.
Cadmus - He demonstrates bravery and resourcefulness, aided by divine assistance. He founds Thebes and slays the dragon guarding the sacred spring. However, his impulsive act of killing the dragon results in the downfall of his family.
Jason - He exhibits bravery and resourcefulness, with divine assistance. He captures the Golden Fleece and defeats numerous monsters. However, he is manipulative and selfish, betraying Medea and his own children.
Psyche - She embodies kindness and beauty, with divine assistance. She overcomes numerous obstacles to reunite with Eros. However, she has a tendency to doubt and disobey, leading to her temporary separation from Eros.
Therefore, based on the heroic paradigm, the ranking of heroes from most heroic to least heroic is Perseus, Theseus, Cadmus, Jason, and Psyche.
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Iroquois and lacrosse
how they came up with lacrosse? In comparison to many sports,
lacrosse is somewhat confusing. There are lots of rules and how
they would of chosen that sport/why is interesting.
The Iroquois people invented lacrosse. They developed it before the arrival of European settlers in North America. It is believed to have originated in the 1400s. The Iroquois called it "Tewaarathon," which means "little brother of war."
The game was played with sticks and a ball and was often used to settle disputes between tribes. It was also used as a way to train warriors for battle.
Lacrosse was important to the Iroquois culture, and it was often played during religious ceremonies. The game was played on a field that was about the size of a modern-day soccer field, and it could last for several days.
The Iroquois would have chosen lacrosse because it was a way to train their warriors for battle. The game required speed, agility, and strength, which were all necessary skills for warfare. It also helped to develop teamwork and communication skills, which were important for tribal survival.
In comparison to many sports, lacrosse is somewhat confusing. There are lots of rules, and it can be difficult to understand how the game is played. However, once you understand the rules, it can be a very exciting and fast-paced game to watch and play.
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The characteristic that differentiates experimental research from other approaches is: the way researchers observe behavior. the type of data the researchers collect. the complexity of the data collected. the amount of control researchers have over variables. 15 of 20 using what type of research design? qualitative research correlational research observational research experimental research 16 of 20 The research approach that involves changing the level, intensity, frequency, or duration of an independent variable is: correlational. observational. experimental. validational.
The characteristic that differentiates experimental research from other approaches is the amount of control researchers have over variables.
Experimental research allows researchers to manipulate independent variables and control potential confounding factors, providing a stronger basis for establishing cause-and-effect relationships.
Additionally, the type of research design used to change the level, intensity, frequency, or duration of an independent variable is experimental research.
Experimental research is distinguished from other approaches by the amount of control researchers have over variables.
In an experimental study, researchers actively manipulate the independent variable, which is the variable of interest that is believed to have an effect on the dependent variable.
This manipulation allows researchers to examine the causal relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, as they have control over the conditions and can compare different groups or conditions.
The control in experimental research helps researchers establish cause-and-effect relationships by minimizing the influence of confounding variables and extraneous factors.
By manipulating the independent variable and keeping other variables constant, researchers can isolate the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
Regarding the second statement, the research approach that involves changing the level, intensity, frequency, or duration of an independent variable is experimental research. In an experimental study, researchers intentionally modify the independent variable to observe its impact on the dependent variable.
This manipulation allows for the investigation of how changes in the independent variable affect the outcomes of interest.
By systematically varying the independent variable, researchers can assess the causal effects of different levels or conditions on the dependent variable.
Correlational research, on the other hand, examines the relationship between variables without manipulating them.
Observational research involves observing and documenting behaviors or phenomena without intervention or manipulation. Qualitative research focuses on exploring subjective experiences, meanings, and perspectives.
Valuational is not a recognized research approach but may refer to the process of assessing the validity of research measures or findings.
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A researcher is interested in the effect of the herb St. John's Wort on memory. A group of 25 college students is randomly selected to participate in the research. The group of people participating in the study is the and this group's average memory score is a population, statistic sample, parameter O sample, confound O sample, statistic Professor Carly was interested in how the type of feedback received would affect the level of happiness in her students. The students were either praised or insulted and then the levels of happiness were measured by a survey administered at the end of the study. What is the independent variable (I.V.) in this study? O happiness emotion level O test scores type of feedback
St. John's Wort study: Sample (group of 25 college students) Professor Carly's study: I.V. - Type of feedback (praise or insult); D.V. - Level of happiness (measured through a survey)
What is the effect of St. John's Wort on memory in college students?In the first scenario regarding the effect of St. John's Wort on memory, the group of 25 college students randomly selected to participate in the research is referred to as a sample. This sample represents a subset of the larger population, which in this case would be all college students. Therefore, the group of participants is a sample.
In the second scenario involving Professor Carly's study on the effect of feedback on happiness levels, the independent variable (I.V.) is the variable that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher.
In this case, the independent variable is the type of feedback received by the students (i.e., whether they were praised or insulted). The researcher has control over the type of feedback given to the students, making it the independent variable.
The dependent variable (D.V.) is the variable that is measured or observed to determine the effect of the independent variable. In this study, the dependent variable is the level of happiness, which is measured through a survey administered at the end of the study.
The levels of happiness are expected to be influenced by the type of feedback received, the independent variable.
- In the St. John's Wort study, the group of 25 college students is a sample.
- In Professor Carly's study, the independent variable (I.V.) is the type of feedback received (praise or insult), and the dependent variable (D.V.) is the level of happiness measured through a survey.
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How does mental complexity affect ethical decision making?
identifying the moral strengths and weaknesses of at least two
orders of mental complexity.
Mental complexity refers to the capacity for individuals to engage in multidimensional thinking, considering diverse perspectives, and integrating complex information to form nuanced understandings of the world.
Mental complexity affects ethical decision-making in several ways. In general, people with higher levels of mental complexity are better equipped to make ethical decisions than those with lower levels of mental complexity. This is because individuals with higher levels of mental complexity can consider more variables and see things from multiple perspectives.
In terms of identifying the moral strengths and weaknesses of two orders of mental complexity, we can examine the stages of moral development proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg. According to Kohlberg's theory, there are six stages of moral development, which can be grouped into three orders of mental complexity:
Order 1: Pre-conventional Morality
Stage 1:
Punishment and Obedience Orientation - People at this stage of moral development make decisions based on fear of punishment and the desire to avoid negative consequences. They are not yet capable of thinking about the perspectives of others.
Stage 2:
Instrumental Relativist Orientation - People at this stage of moral development recognize that there is more than one way to view things, but their focus is on their interests. They make decisions that will benefit themselves, but may not consider the impact on others.
Moral strength: Individuals at this level are capable of following rules and making decisions based on their self-interest.
Moral weakness: Individuals at this level are unable to see beyond their self-interest and are not able to consider the perspectives of others.
Order 2: Conventional Morality
Stage 3:
Interpersonal Concordance Orientation - People at this stage of moral development can see the perspectives of others and are concerned with maintaining positive relationships. They make decisions based on what others will think of them.
Stage 4:
Law and Order Orientation - People at this stage of moral development are concerned with maintaining social order. They make decisions based on the greater good and the well-being of society as a whole.
Moral strength: Individuals at this level are capable of considering the perspectives of others and making decisions based on the greater good.
Moral weakness: Individuals at this level may be unable to question societal norms and may be more concerned with maintaining social order than with individual rights.
Order 3: Postconventional Morality
Stage 5:
Social Contract Orientation - People at this stage of moral development recognize that societal norms are not absolute and can be changed. They make decisions based on a desire for the greater good and respect for individual rights.
Stage 6:
Universal Ethical Principles Orientation - People at this stage of moral development are guided by a sense of universal principles, such as justice and equality. They make decisions based on a commitment to these principles.
Moral strength: Individuals at this level are capable of thinking beyond societal norms and are committed to principles of justice and equality.
Moral weakness: Individuals at this level may be unable to compromise and may not be able to function effectively within society.
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Examine your own attitudes towards aging. How are your attitudes
toward older adults affected by stereotypical perceptions.
My attitudes towards aging are influenced by societal stereotypes, which can lead to biases and misconceptions about older adults.
Societal stereotypes often depict older adults as frail, dependent, and technologically inept. These stereotypes can unconsciously shape my attitudes towards aging, leading to biases and preconceived notions about older adults. For example, I might underestimate their capabilities or overlook their contributions based on age-related assumptions.
To overcome these biases, it is important to challenge and question stereotypes by actively seeking diverse perspectives and experiences of older adults. Engaging in intergenerational interactions, learning from their wisdom, and recognizing their individuality can help break down stereotypes and foster more positive attitudes towards aging. By embracing a more inclusive and respectful view of older adults, I can develop a greater appreciation for the diversity and potential of individuals across all age groups.
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Explain the Fourth stage of the Environmental Impact Assessment
process- BASELINE STUDY and its definition (non-plagiarized
detailed answer )
The Environmental Impact Assessment is a unique and extremely effective tool that may evaluate the implications of any upcoming project while it is still in the planning stage, including both negative and positive aspects.
In the EIA process, a baseline study is a thorough analysis of the current environmental conditions and features of a region that might possibly be impacted by a proposed project. It is impossible to overestimate the importance of the baseline study in the EIA process. It gives crucial data for making decisions about the planned project, guarantees adherence to legal requirements, and lessens the project's negative effects on the environment and local residents.
The study's objectives are to develop a good knowledge of the ecological and social systems in the project region and to pinpoint any potential negative effects that the project may have on them. When conducting an EIA, the baseline study often involves gathering and analyzing data on a number of project-related topics, including:
Environmental factors (such as geography, geology, soil, water, air quality, and climate).Biodiversity, habitat, and ecological processes all fall under the heading of biological environment.Social & Cultural Environment (such as the social, cultural, and racial characteristics of the neighborhood, any archaeological or culturally significant sites, and the local population makeup).Economic climate (e.g., employment, income, and local community economic activity).Learn more about Assessment here:
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The complete question is, "Explain the Fourth stage of the Environmental Impact Assessment process- Baseline Study and its definition."
Some individuals have a tendency to be rude during online interactions and conversations. Some may say things that they would not likely say in a face-to-face conversation. What social phenomenon best describes these conducts?
a. Groupthink occurs when the desire for group consensus trumps the desire to present alternatives, criticise a position, or express an unpopular opinion.
b. Deindividuation, the withdrawal of social norms as identities are concealed.
c. Self-serving bias, the tendency for individuals to engage in cognitive or perceptual processes that are distorted by the need to maintain and enhance self-esteem, or the tendency to perceive oneself in an overly positive light.
The correct option is b. Deindividuation, the withdrawal of social norms as identities are concealed.
The social phenomenon that best describes the described conducts is deindividuation. Deindividuation refers to a psychological state in which individuals feel less self-aware and less accountable for their actions when they are part of a crowd or when their identities are concealed. In online interactions and conversations, people may hide behind the anonymity provided by the internet, which reduces their sense of personal accountability.
When individuals feel less accountable for their behavior, they are more likely to engage in behaviors they would not normally exhibit in face-to-face conversations. This can include being rude, offensive, or expressing opinions without considering the potential consequences or impact on others. The absence of direct social cues and the reduced fear of immediate social consequences contribute to this behavior.
Deindividuation highlights the role of anonymity and reduced accountability in shaping online behavior. It underscores the importance of promoting online civility and encouraging individuals to be mindful of their actions and words, even in virtual environments where identities may be concealed.
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Which statement BEST exemplifies a secondary appraisal? "Taking on a double major is just too much work!" "Taking on a double major may help me get into medical school." "If I tutor, I can quit my job as a server and have more time for a double major." "If I take on a double major, I won't be able to see my friends as much."
The statement "Taking on a double major may help me get into medical school" BEST exemplifies a secondary appraisal.
Secondary appraisal involves evaluating potential coping strategies or outcomes related to a specific situation. In this statement, the individual is considering the potential benefits of taking on a double major, specifically in relation to their goal of getting into medical school. They are assessing how this decision may contribute to their desired outcome and considering it as a viable option.
This evaluation reflects a secondary appraisal because it involves weighing the potential positive consequences of the decision in question.
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1) Which of the following first prompted the CEO to consider implementing nap rooms?
a) Company-wide audits that reported employee fatigue
b) Reading the 2008 study about napping in the workplace.
c) Having extra rooms available near the gym and cafeteria.
d) Learning that NASA allows napping during the workday.
The correct option is b. The CEO considered implementing nap rooms after reading the 2008 study about napping in the workplace.
According to the given question, the CEO considered implementing nap rooms due to one of the given reasons, which are as follows: Company-wide audits that reported employee fatigue Reading the 2008 study about napping in the workplace. Having extra rooms available near the gym and cafeteria. Learning that NASA allows napping during the workday. Out of these options, the correct answer is b) Reading the 2008 study about napping in the workplace.
It was the first prompting reason for the CEO to consider implementing nap rooms. The study found that napping on the job could improve productivity by as much as 35 percent. Hence, the CEO decided to implement the nap rooms so that the employees can take a power nap during the workday to improve their productivity and avoid burnout.
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identify career option based on different factors career development and personal life goals
Answer:
Passion and Interest: Choose a career that aligns with your passions and interests. Consider what subjects or activities you enjoy the most and explore careers that allow you to work in those areas.
Skills and Strengths: Assess your skills and strengths to find a career that utilizes and develops those abilities. Identify your areas of expertise and find roles that capitalize on those strengths.
Work-Life Balance: Consider your personal life goals and the level of work-life balance you desire. Some careers may require long hours or extensive travel, while others may offer more flexibility and time for personal pursuits.
Financial Considerations: Evaluate your financial goals and expectations. Some careers may offer higher earning potential, while others may prioritize job satisfaction or a sense of purpose.
Values and Impact: Reflect on your values and the impact you want to make in the world. Choose a career that aligns with your values and allows you to contribute positively to society or a cause you care about.
Growth and Advancement: Consider the potential for career growth and advancement. Some careers may provide clear paths for progression and professional development, while others may offer more entrepreneurial opportunities or the ability to make a significant impact in a shorter timeframe.
Explanation: