What is recycling?

A
to use materials again and again to make something new.
b
produce new brand products and sell them.
c
living in the developed world but taking care of nature.

we can use the ideal gas law: PV = nRT where P is the pressure of the gas in pounds per square inch (psi), V is the volume of the gas in cubic inches (in^3), n is the number of moles of gas,

R is the gas constant (which is 10.73 psi·in^3/mol·K for argon), and T is the temperature of the gas in Kelvin (K).

Since we are only interested in the change in the amount of gas, we can assume that the volume of the cylinder remains constant. Therefore, we can write:

n1 = (P1 V) / (R T1)

where n1 is the initial number of moles of gas, P1 is the initial pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas (which we assume remains constant), R is the gas constant for argon, and T1 is the initial temperature of the gas.

To find the final number of moles of gas, we can use the same equation with the final pressure and temperature:

n2 = (P2 V) / (R T2)

where n2 is the final number of moles of gas, P2 is the final pressure of the gas, and T2 is the final temperature of the gas.

To find the change in the amount of gas, we can subtract n2 from n1:

Δn = n2 - n1 = (P2 V) / (R T2) - (P1 V) / (R T1)

Substituting the given values, we get:

Δn = [(14 psi) × V] / [(10.73 psi·in^3/mol·K) × (273 K)] - [(10 psi) × V] / [(10.73 psi·in^3/mol·K) × (300 K)]

Simplifying this expression, we get:

Δn = (4 psi × V) / (3483.9 psi·in^3/mol)

where we have converted the temperatures to Kelvin.

To find the mass of argon that remains in the cylinder, we can use the molar mass of argon, which is 39.95 g/mol. The mass of argon in the cylinder is:

m = n1 × 39.95 g/mol

Substituting n1 from the first equation, we get:

m = [(P1 V) / (R T1)] × 39.95 g/mol

To find the final mass of argon, we can use the same equation with the final number of moles:

m' = [(P2 V) / (R T2)] × 39.95 g/mol

To find the change in mass, we can subtract m' from m:

Δm = m' - m = [(P2 V) / (R T2)] × 39.95 g/mol - [(P1 V) / (R T1)] × 39.95 g/mol

Substituting the given values and simplifying, we get:

Δm = (4 psi × V) / 87.67 g

Therefore, the change in mass of argon in the cylinder is:

Δm = (4 psi × V) / 87.67 g

Note that the result depends on the volume of the cylinder, which is not given in the problem.

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The percent yield of the reaction is 52.6%. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between NaCl and NaHCO3 is:

2 NaCl + NaHCO3 → Na3CO3 + H2O + CO2

The molar mass of NaCl is 58.44 g/mol, and 9.97 g of NaCl corresponds to 9.97 g / 58.44 g/mol = 0.1705 mol of NaCl.

According to the equation, 1 mole of NaCl reacts with 1/2 mole of NaHCO3. So, the amount of NaHCO3 needed to react completely with 0.1705 mol of NaCl is:

0.1705 mol NaCl x (1/2) mol NaHCO3 = 0.08525 mol NaHCO3

The actual amount of NaHCO3 isolated is 3.77 g / 84.01 g/mol = 0.0449 mol NaHCO3.

The percent yield of the reaction is:

(actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%

= (0.0449 mol / 0.08525 mol) x 100%

= 52.6%

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HF, or hydrogen fluoride, is likely to dissolve in water (H2O), a polar solvent.

This is due to the principle "like dissolves like," which means that polar solvents tend to dissolve polar solutes, and nonpolar solvents tend to dissolve nonpolar solutes.  HF is a polar molecule because of the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen (H) and fluorine (F) atoms, resulting in a polar covalent bond. This bond creates a dipole moment, causing the HF molecule to have a partial positive charge on the hydrogen end and a partial negative charge on the fluorine end.

Water, as a polar solvent, has a similar dipole moment due to the difference in electronegativity between oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) atoms. The partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms in water molecules can interact with the partial negative charges on the fluorine atoms in HF molecules, forming hydrogen bonds. These interactions between polar molecules make it possible for HF to dissolve in water.


In conclusion, HF is likely to dissolve in water (H2O) because both are polar substances that can form hydrogen bonds, following the "like dissolves like" principle.

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3906.114 grams of CaCO₃ is required to completely react with 1250 grams of SO₂.

Scrubbing mechanism is a method of removing pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂), from industrial exhaust gases. In this mechanism, a substance, such as limestone or lime, is added to the exhaust gases, which react with the pollutants to form solid waste products that can be easily removed.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of SO₂ gas and CaCO₃ is:

SO₂ + CaCO₃ → CaSO₃ + CO₂

From the equation, we can see that one mole of SO₂ reacts with one mole of CaCO₃. Therefore, we need to first determine the number of moles of SO₂ in 1250 g of SO₂:

molar mass of SO₂ = 32.066 g/mol

moles of SO₂ = mass of SO₂ / molar mass of SO₂

moles of SO₂ = 1250 g / 32.066 g/mol

moles of SO₂ = 39.012 mol

Since one mole of SO₂ reacts with one mole of CaCO₃, we need 39.012 moles of CaCO₃ to react with the 39.012 moles of SO₂. The molar mass of CaCO₃ is 100.086 g/mol, so we can calculate the mass of CaCO₃ needed as:

mass of CaCO₃ = moles of CaCO3₃ × molar mass of CaCO₃

mass of CaCO₃ = 39.012 mol × 100.086 g/mol

mass of CaCO₃ = 3906.114 g

Therefore, we need 3906.114 grams of CaCO₃ to completely react with 1250 grams of SO₂.

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The dissociation equation for weak acid can be written as HB + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + B- and there will be no change in Poh at all.

The correct answer is option D.

When a stress is given to an equilibrium system, the system will move to  offset the stress and reestablish equilibrium, according to Le Chatelier's principle.    In this situation, adding a  bitsy  volume of the weak base B- to the  result will raise the  attention of B- in the  result.

This indicates that the equilibrium will move to the left to  neutralize the rise in B-  attention, performing in a drop in H3O ion  attention.   Because pH measures the  attention of H3O ions in a  result, a reduction in H3O  attention will affect in a rise in pH. As a result, the answer is pH slightly rises; pOH slightly falls.

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The reaction between solid sodium and iron III oxide is:

2 Na(s) + Fe2O3(s) → 2 NaFeO2(s) + 1/2 O2(g).

Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that belongs to the alkali metal group in the periodic table. Sodium is highly reactive, particularly in the presence of water, and is never found free in nature. It was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1807 using electrolysis. Sodium is an essential element for all living organisms, and it plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission, and muscle function. Sodium is also widely used in the production of many industrial chemicals, including sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), sodium carbonate (washing soda), and sodium bicarbonate (baking soda). Sodium compounds are also used in the manufacturing of soaps, detergents, paper, and textiles. However, excessive sodium intake can lead to health problems such as high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases.

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The Cannizzaro reaction is a redox reaction in which an aldehyde (or a ketone) is simultaneously oxidized and reduced. The reaction requires a strong base such as a hydroxide ion (OH-) to deprotonate one aldehyde molecule and a second aldehyde molecule is reduced by the resulting hydride ion (H-).

The given aldehyde with a trichloromethyl group attached to the carbonyl group will undergo the Cannizzaro reaction with OH- as the strong base. After the reaction, the mixture is acidified to protonate the products.

The trichloromethyl group (-CCl3) is a strongly electron-withdrawing group that deactivates the carbonyl group toward nucleophilic attack. Therefore, the expected products from the Cannizzaro reaction of the given aldehyde are:

A carboxylic acid, is the oxidized form of the aldehyde.

Alcohol, is the reduced form of the aldehyde.

The final products after acidification will be:

A carboxylic acid with a trichloromethyl group attached to the carbon.

Alcohol with a two-carbon chain attached to a hydroxyl group.

Therefore, the expected product(s) from the reaction, after acidifying the reaction mixture are:

A carboxylic acid with a trichloromethyl group attached to the carbon, and

Alcohol with a two-carbon chain attached to a hydroxyl group.

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The percent yield of HF is 15.2%.

We need to first determine which is the limiting reagent in the reaction. Let's assume that H2O is the limiting reagent. The balanced chemical equation tells us that 1 mole of H2O reacts with 1 mole of HF. The molar mass of H2O is 18 g/mol and the molar mass of HF is 20 g/mol.

4 grams of H2O is equal to 4/18 = 0.22 moles of H2O.

From the balanced equation, we know that 1 mole of H2O reacts with 1 mole of HF. Therefore, 0.22 moles of H2O should produce 0.22 moles of HF.

The theoretical yield of HF is therefore:

Theoretical yield = 0.22 moles x 20 g/mol = 4.4 grams

The actual yield of HF is given as 0.67 grams.

The percent yield is then calculated as:

Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%

Percent yield = (0.67 / 4.4) x 100% = 15.2%

The percent yield of HF is 15.2%.

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Answer: group 1A (or IA)

Explanation:

Answer:

The balanced chemical equation for the formation of ammonia gas by the reaction between nitrogen gas an hydrogen gas is given. N2+3H→2NH3.

Explanation:

I hope it's correct

Answer:

The balanced equation for the reaction between nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas to produce ammonia gas is: N2(g) + 3H2(g) -> 2NH3(g) This equation shows that one molecule of nitrogen gas reacts with three molecules of hydrogen gas to produce two molecules of ammonia gas. The coefficients in the balanced equation indicate that the number of atoms of each element is conserved in the reaction.

The reaction of cyclohexanol with phosphoric acid catalyst typically results in the formation of cyclohexene and water as the two products.

This is a dehydration reaction in which a molecule of water is eliminated from cyclohexanol to form cyclohexene. The chemical equation for this reaction can be written as:

C6H11OH + H3PO4 → C6H10 + H2O

where C6H11OH is cyclohexanol, H3PO4 is phosphoric acid, C6H10 is cyclohexene, and H2O is water.

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A piece of magnesium with 8.63 mol of magnesium will react with 17.26 mol of HCl to form 820.9 g of magnesium chloride, given the reaction Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2.

The fair substance condition for the response among magnesium and hydrochloric corrosive is Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2. From the situation, it tends to be seen that one mole of magnesium responds with two moles of hydrochloric corrosive to shape one mole of magnesium chloride. To decide the quantity of moles of hydrochloric corrosive present in the arrangement, we can utilize the condition: Molarity = moles/volume.

Thusly, moles of HCl = Molarity × volume = 2.88 mol/L × 5.98 L = 17.26 mol. Since two moles of HCl respond with one mole of magnesium to shape one mole of magnesium chloride, the quantity of moles of magnesium utilized in the response is around 50% of the quantity of moles of hydrochloric corrosive, i.e., 17.26/2 = 8.63 mol. At long last, we can utilize the molar mass of magnesium chloride (95.21 g/mol) to work out the mass of magnesium chloride shaped: Mass of MgCl2 = 8.63 mol × 95.21 g/mol = 820.9 g. Accordingly, 820.9 g of magnesium chloride will be shaped.

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The filtration technique can be used by Lucan to separate the mixture.

Filtering is a physical separation procedure that uses a filter media with a complicated structure that only allows fluid to flow through it to separate solid particles and liquid from a combination. Filtrate is the term for the fluid that passes through large solid particles that cannot pass through the filter medium.

The procedure for utilizing filtration to separate the mixture is as follows:

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The functional groups that can be oxidized to give a carboxylic acid product are:

Carboxylic acids can be prepared by oxidizing a variety of functional groups. However, not all functional groups can be oxidized to give a carboxylic acid product. In general, primary alcohols and alkynes are two types of functional groups that can be oxidized to give a carboxylic acid.

Primary alcohols are oxidized to carboxylic acids via an intermediate aldehyde using a strong oxidizing agent such as potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) or chromium trioxide (CrO₃). The aldehyde is then further oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acid.

Alkynes, on the other hand, can be oxidized directly to carboxylic acids using a strong oxidizing agent such as ozone (O₃) or potassium permanganate (KMnO₄). Phenols and secondary alcohols, however, cannot be directly oxidized to carboxylic acids. Phenols can be oxidized to quinones, while secondary alcohols can be oxidized to ketones, but these products are different from carboxylic acids.

The complete question is

Carboxylic acids are typically prepared using oxidation reactions. Which of the functional groups below can be oxidized to give a carboxylic acid product? Select all that apply.

A) Primary alcohols

B) Phenols

C) Secondary alcohols

D) Alkynes

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The pressure exerted by 0.750 mol of gas at a temperature of 0.00ºC and a volume of 5.00 L is 101325 Pa.

To calculate the pressure exerted by a gas, we can use the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in kelvin.

First, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:

T = 0.00ºC + 273.15 = 273.15 K

Next, we can plug in the given values and solve for the pressure:

P = nRT/V

P = (0.750 mol)(8.314 J/mol·K)(273.15 K)/(5.00 L)

P = 101325 Pa

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0.56 kPa is the final pressure.

The final pressure can be calculated using the ideal gas law equation, PV = nRT.

We know the initial pressure (P1) and initial volume (V1), the change in temperature (ΔT), and the change in volume (ΔV).

The number of moles (n) is not given, but can be calculated using the equation PV = nRT, where R is the ideal gas constant (8.314 J/molK).

[tex]n = \frac{P_1V_1 }{ RT_1}\\\\n=\frac{ (0.76 kPa)(V_1) }{ (8.314 J/molK)(19.0 + 273.15)}\\\\n = 0.039 moles[/tex]

Therefore, the final pressure (P2) can be calculated using the equation PV = nRT, where T2 is the final temperature in Kelvin and V2 is final volume.

[tex]P_2 =\frac{ nRT_2 }{ V_2}[/tex]

[tex]P_2 =\frac{ (0.039 moles)(8.314 J/molK)(-14.0 + 273.15) }{ (V_1 + \Delta V)}\\\\P_2 = 0.56 kPa[/tex]

Therefore, the final pressure is 0.56 kPa.

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The density of a ocean water rises as the temperature falls. As a result, it water gets colder the denser it is. As salinity grows, seawater's density rises as well.

As the salinity rises, the density of the water rises. At all temperatures just above freezing point, seawater with a salinity more than 24.7 becomes denser as the temperature drops. Pressure increases cause seawater's density to rise.

Fresh water is introduced into the sea as a result of rising surface temperatures, melting ice, and increased precipitation, which reduces salinity. Seawater with a lower salinity has a lower density so won't sink as far as water with a higher density. Ocean currents are modified by this process.

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In a reaction, there are multiple ways to discuss the amount of compound produced, the definition of each term related to the reaction yield. The calculated amount of product under ideal conditions is theoretical yield, the amount of product experimentally produced  is actual yield, the comparison of the experimental amount of product to the calculated amount is the percent yield

In a reaction, there are multiple ways to discuss the amount of compound produced, the definition of each term related to the reaction yield is are 1. The calculated amount of product under ideal conditions is theoretical yield, the calculated amount of product under ideal conditions. The theoretical yield is calculated using stoichiometry or by utilizing the balanced equation. 2. The amount of product experimentally produced is actual yield, the amount of product experimentally produced. Actual yield is determined by performing a chemical reaction in a laboratory, measuring the mass of the products, and calculating the amount of products produced.

3. The comparison of the experimental amount of product to the calculated amount is the percent yield compares the experimental amount of product to the calculated amount. The percent yield is calculated using the following formula: percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%Thus, these are the definitions of each term related to the reaction yield. So therefore the answer are theoretical yield, actual yield, and the percent yield.

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The pH of the solution is 3.53 when potassium fluoride is added to water at a temperature of 298 k.

How to determine pH ?

Fluoride ion (F-) and then convert it to the dissociation constant (Ka) of its conjugate acid (HF) using the relationship:

Kw = Ka x Kb

where Kw is the ion product constant for water (1.0 x 10⁻¹⁴ at 298 K).

The Kb of fluoride ion is 1.5 x 10⁻¹¹ at 298 K. Therefore, the Ka of HF is:

Ka = Kw / Kb = (1.0 x 10⁻¹⁴) / (1.5 x 10⁻¹¹) = 6.67 x 10⁻⁴

The dissociation of HF in water is:

HF + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + F-

The equilibrium constant expression for this reaction is:

Ka = [H3O+][F-] / [HF]

At equilibrium, the concentration of HF will be equal to the initial concentration of KF, since KF is a salt of HF. Let x be the concentration of F- and [HF] = 0.251 M.

Then,

Ka = [H3O+][F-] / [HF]

6.67 x 10⁻⁴ = x²  / 0.251

x = 1.13 x 10⁻³ M

The concentration of H3O+ can be calculated using the equilibrium constant expression:

Ka = [H3O+][F-] / [HF]

6.67 x 10⁻⁴ = [H3O+](1.13 x 10⁻³) / 0.251

[H3O+] = 2.95 x 10⁻⁴ M

Therefore, the pH of the solution is:

pH = -log[H3O+]

pH = -log(2.95 x 10⁻⁴)

pH = 3.53

Thus, the pH of the solution is 3.53.

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Answer: d

Explanation:

The pH of the resulting solution is 7.00.

When answering questions on Brainly, it is important to always be factually accurate, professional, and friendly. Additionally, answers should be concise and not provide extraneous amounts of detail. Any typos or irrelevant parts of the question should be ignored.

In this case, the student question is:If 50.0 mL of 0.60 M HCl is added to 25.0 mL of 0.60 M NaOH, what will be the pH of the resulting solution? Your answer should be rounded to two decimal places.

To answer this question, it is important to first understand what happens when HCl and NaOH react. HCl is an acid, and NaOH is a base. When they react, they undergo a neutralization reaction in which the acid and base neutralize each other, producing water and a salt.

In this case, the salt produced will be sodium chloride (NaCl).The equation for this neutralization reaction is:

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2OWhen HCl and NaOH react, the H+ ions from HCl combine with the OH- ions from NaOH to produce water. The remaining ions (Na+ and Cl-) combine to form the salt NaCl. Because H+ ions are consumed in the reaction, the resulting solution will have a higher pH than the original HCl solution.

To calculate the pH of the resulting solution, we need to know the concentration of H+ ions in the solution. We can calculate this by using the equation for the ionization of water:

Kw = [H+][OH-]where Kw is the ion product constant for water (1.0 × 10^-14 at 25°C).At 25°C, the concentration of OH- ions in pure water is 1.0 × 10^-7 M. Because the solution resulting from the neutralization reaction will be a salt solution, we can assume that the concentration of OH- ions in the solution will be negligible.

Therefore, we can simplify the equation to:

[H+] = Kw/[OH-]

= 1.0 × 10^-14/1.0 × 10^-7

= 1.0 × 10^-7 MWe can use the concentration of H+ ions to calculate the pH of the solution:

pH = -log[H+]

= -log(1.0 × 10^-7)

= 7.00 (rounded to two decimal places)

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Clearing forests.

According to the text, humans impact the population growth of other ecosystems by clearing forests.

This is because forests are important habitats for many different species, and when they are destroyed or degraded, those species are forced to relocate or die off.

Additionally, forests are also important carbon sinks, which means they help to absorb and store carbon from the atmosphere. When forests are cleared, that carbon is released back into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change.

Therefore, forest clearing by humans can have significant impacts on the population growth of other ecosystems

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The citric acid cycle is also called the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In this cycle, a series of chemical reactions that take place in living organisms' cells generate energy through oxidation of acetate derivatives.

The citric acid cycle has eight stages, and the products are as follows: Carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a byproduct of the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) and FADH2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide), which are coenzymes involved in the oxidation of the acetyl-CoA, ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), which is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation when the phosphate group is transferred from GTP to ADP, and Water (H2O), which is generated during the transfer of electrons from FADH2 to O2.

The citric acid cycle is an energy-producing cycle in cells that operates through oxidation of acetate derivatives. In this cycle, a series of chemical reactions that take place in living organisms' cells generate energy. The cycle happens in the matrix of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

The citric acid cycle has eight stages, and each stage has a specific enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that converts one molecule to another. The cycle is a central metabolic pathway of aerobic organisms, and it is involved in various metabolic pathways.

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Propan-1-ol and ethanoate are esterified Ethanoic acid and propan-1-ol combine to generate an ester. Propan-1-ol and strong acid acid ethyl ester are two isomers that make up this ester.

Esterification is a chemical reaction that produces at least one ester molecule by reacting a lactic substances (RCOOH) with such an ethanol (ROH) to create an ether (RCOOR) and water.

Up to around 1 moldm3, redox reactions are linked to [H+] concentration. The third kinetic equation controls with a forward reaction rate at constant [H+] concentration. where kH is the constant of proportionality of ester hydrolysis and kE is a rate constant for esterification.

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the pH of a saturated solution of Mg(OH)₂ is approximately 9.6.

The solubility product constant (Ksp) expression for Mg(OH)₂ is:

Ksp = [Mg²⁺][OH⁻]²

At equilibrium, the concentrations of Mg²⁺ and OH⁻ in a saturated solution of Mg(OH)₂ are equal to the solubility of the salt, which we can assume to be "s" (in mol/L):

[Mg²⁺] = s

[OH⁻] = 2s

Substituting these expressions into the Ksp expression, we get:

Ksp = s * (2s)²

Ksp = 4s³

We can rearrange this expression to solve for the solubility of Mg(OH)₂:

s = [tex](Ksp/4)^(1/3)[/tex]

s =[tex][(6.3 × 10⁻¹⁰)/4]^(1/3)[/tex]

s = 5.94 × 10⁻⁵ M

Now we can use the concentration of OH⁻ in the saturated solution to calculate the pH of the solution:

pOH = -log[OH⁻]

pOH = -log(2s)

pOH = -log(2(5.94 × 10⁻⁵))

pOH = 4.4

pH + pOH = 14

pH = 14 - pOH

pH = 14 - 4.4

pH = 9.6

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Answer:

oxygen should be present for burning to happen,

Explanation:

V(CO) = 50 cm^3 = 50 ml = 0.05 l

V(air) = 150 cm^3 = 150 ml = 0.15 l

V(O2)/V(air) = 20%

_____________________________

2 CO + O2 = 2CO2

n(CO) = V(CO)/V(M) = 0.05/22.4 = 0.0022mol

V(O2)/V(air) = x/150 x=150×0.2 =30 ml=0.03l

n(O2) = V(O2)/V(M) =0.03/22.4 = 0.0013 mol

From the reaction ratio n(CO): n(O2) = 2:1

For explosing 0.0022 mol CO need 0.0011 mol O2. We have 0.0013 mol O2, then , 0.0003 mol O2 is excess.

Answer: O2 was in excess

B. N2 is the limiting reactant. The reactant that has the smaller number of moles in the balanced equation is the limiting reagent.

What is Limiting Reagent?

The limiting reagent is the reactant that is entirely consumed when the reaction goes to completion, and thus limits the amount of product that can be formed. The other reactants that are present in excess are not entirely consumed and do not limit the amount of product that can be formed.

To determine the limiting reactant, we need to calculate the amount of product that can be produced from each reactant and then choose the reactant that produces the smallest amount of product.

The balanced equation for the reaction is:

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

The molar mass of N2 is 28 g/mol, and the molar mass of H2 is 2 g/mol. Using these values, we can calculate the number of moles of each reactant:

Number of moles of N2 = 3.5 g / 28 g/mol = 0.125 mol

Number of moles of H2 = 3.5 g / 2 g/mol = 1.75 mol

According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of N2 reacts with 3 moles of H2 to produce 2 moles of NH3. So, the number of moles of NH3 that can be produced from each reactant is:

Moles of NH3 produced from N2 = 0.125 mol × (2 mol NH3 / 1 mol N2) = 0.25 mol NH3

Moles of NH3 produced from H2 = 1.75 mol × (2 mol NH3 / 3 mol H2) = 1.17 mol NH3

Therefore, the limiting reactant is N2, since it produces a smaller amount of NH3 compared to H2.

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a) G = 1/(s+1) and H = (s-1)/(s+2): The system is stable for all values of K.
b) G(s) x H(s) = (s^2+2s+2)/(s^2(s-1)): The system is unstable for K > 2.

To determine the values of K for which the system is unstable, we need to use the characteristic equation and analyze the closed-loop transfer function.

a) For G = 1/(s+1) and H = (s-1)/(s+2), the closed-loop transfer function is given by:
T(s) = G(s) * H(s) / (1 + G(s) * H(s))
T(s) = (1/(s+1)) * ((s-1)/(s+2)) / (1 + (1/(s+1)) * ((s-1)/(s+2)))

To find the stability, we analyze the characteristic equation:
1 + G(s) * H(s) = 0
1 + (1/(s+1)) * ((s-1)/(s+2)) = 0

Solving this equation for s, we find that the system is stable for all values of K since there are no positive real parts of s.

b) For G(s) x H(s) = (s^2+2s+2)/(s^2(s-1)), the closed-loop transfer function is given by:
T(s) = G(s) * H(s) / (1 + G(s) * H(s))
T(s) = (s^2+2s+2)/(s^2(s-1)) / (1 + (s^2+2s+2)/(s^2(s-1)))

To find the stability, we analyze the characteristic equation:
1 + G(s) * H(s) = 0
1 + (s^2+2s+2)/(s^2(s-1)) = 0

Solving this equation for s, we find that the system is unstable when the poles of the denominator have a positive real part. In this case, the denominator is:
s^3 - s^2 + s^2 - s - 2 = s^3 - s - 2

Using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, we find that the system is unstable when there is a change in the sign of the coefficients in the first column of the Routh array. For this cubic polynomial, the system is unstable when K > 2.

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H2]eq = 1.1 × 10^−4 M.

The given equilibrium reaction is:

2H₂S(g) ⇌ 2H₂(g) + S₂(g)

The equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction at 700 °C is 9.0 × 10^−8.

We are given the initial number of moles of H2S as 0.700 moles in a 0.500 L flask. Let's assume that x moles of H2S is consumed at equilibrium, and therefore the equilibrium concentrations of H2 and S2 are both 2x, based on the stoichiometry of the reaction.

The expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc, is:

Kc = [H2]^2[S2]/[H2S]^2

At equilibrium, the concentration of H₂S will be (0.700 - x)/0.500 M, and the concentration of H₂ and S₂ will be 2x/0.500 M. Substituting these values in the expression for Kc and solving for x gives:

9.0 × 10^−8 = (2x/0.500 M)^2 / ((0.700 - x)/0.500 M)^2

Solving for x gives x = 5.6 × 10^−5 M.

Therefore, the equilibrium concentrations of H₂ and S₂ are both 2x = 1.1 × 10^−4 M, and the equilibrium concentration of H₂S is (0.700 - x)/0.500 M = 0.699 M.

Thus, the concentration of H2 at equilibrium is 1.1 × 10^−4 M, rounded to the correct number of significant figures.

Therefore, [H2]eq = 1.1 × 10^−4 M.

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