which of the following is a non-value-added activity? question 18 options: engineering design machining inspection packaging

The given situation is an example of perceptual defense.

Perceptual defense is a psychological phenomenon that is caused by cognitive factors. People usually have a tendency to ignore, alter, or interpret unpleasant stimuli in ways that make them less threatening. It is a cognitive bias that helps people in maintaining their emotional equilibrium.The given scenario mentions that during her performance appraisal meeting, Melissa's manager appreciated that she was being proactive. However, she was also advised to improve her interpersonal skills.

The negative part of the appraisal was threatening to Melissa's self-esteem. Therefore, she chose to hear and retain only the good part. When her colleagues asked her about her performance, she stated that it was great and everything went well.The situation where Melissa chose to hear and retain only the good part and ignore the negative part is an example of perceptual defense. Perceptual defense is a kind of perceptual distortion that is usually done unconsciously. It occurs when people's minds perceive reality differently than it actually is.

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The economic theory implies that the incentive for a manager of a publicly operated firm (for example, a state university or the post office) to promote internal efficiency of their operations will be that the more effective and productive the company is, the more financial rewards the managers are likely to receive from the company.

For instance, a state university that attracts a higher number of students to their school would generate more revenue in the form of tuition fees and other contributions. The financial incentive can be seen in the increased salary that the university would pay to their teachers and administrators in addition to the benefits accrued to the college management team such as bonuses, job security, and more.

Government-owned companies such as the post office, on the other hand, receive the majority of their funding from the government, and hence their main incentive is to offer the best services possible while maintaining the lowest costs possible.

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The most appropriate agency for a company seeking financing for assets to be purchased for an overseas subsidiary would be an international financial institution such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), The correct Option is A) International Monetary Fund.

These institutions provide loans for a variety of projects and activities, including international investments.

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to countries for projects and programs related to poverty reduction and economic and social development. The IMF is an international organization that works to ensure the stability of the international monetary system.

It provides loans and grants to countries to support reforms, reduce poverty, and encourage economic growth. Regional development banks are specialized institutions that provide loans and other forms of financial support to member countries to promote economic development.

These international financial institutions offer several advantages. They have access to large funds, have expertise in a variety of sectors, provide technical assistance and policy advice, and have access to global networks and resources.

Additionally, the loans from these institutions are typically more flexible, with longer repayment periods and lower interest rates.

In summary, international financial institutions are the most appropriate agency for a company seeking financing for assets to be purchased for an overseas subsidiary. The correct Option is A) International Monetary Fund.

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Complete Question

A company is seeking financing for assets to be purchased for an overseas subsidiary. which agency would be the most appropriate?

A) International Monetary Fund (IMF)

B) OPIC

C) Both A and B.

D) None of these.

The expression for the value of a levered firm in the presence of corporate taxes is VL = VU + T(D/E),

The value of a levered firm is an important concept in finance that takes into account the impact of corporate taxes on a firm's value. The expression for the value of a levered firm in the presence of corporate taxes is VL = VU + T(D/E),

where VL is the value of the levered firm, VU is the value of the unlevered firm, T is the corporate tax rate, D is the present value of all the firm's deductions and E is the present value of all its taxable income.

This formula shows that the value of a levered firm is equal to the value of the unlevered firm plus the present value of the tax shield provided by the firm's debt. The tax shield is the amount of taxes that the firm saves by deducting the interest payments on its debt from its taxable income.

The formula highlights the importance of debt financing in reducing a firm's tax liability and increasing its value. The higher the debt-to-equity ratio, the greater the tax shield, and the higher the value of the levered firm. However, excessive debt can also increase the risk of financial distress and bankruptcy, which can negatively impact a firm's value.

In summary, the expression for the value of a levered firm in the presence of corporate taxes demonstrates the relationship between a firm's value, its capital structure, and its tax liability, and provides insights into the optimal level of debt that can maximize a firm's value.

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The answer is A. A share of common stock is not a derivative security. A derivative security is a financial instrument whose worth is derived from an underlying asset.

Stocks, bonds, and real estate are all examples of underlying assets. Derivatives were created to reduce the risk associated with an underlying asset.

They are used to manage risks, reduce uncertainty, and increase liquidity. Some popular examples of derivative securities include futures, forwards, swaps, and options. Derivative securities are contracts between two or more parties that allow them to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specified price and time in the future.

Derivatives are used by traders to profit from market changes, hedge risks, and make speculative bets. Therefore, out of all the options mentioned in the question, a share of common stock is not a derivative security. Derivatives can include futures contracts, call options, and other similar instruments that derive their value from an underlying asset.

QUES: is not a derivative security. a. a share of common stock  b. a call option  c. a futures contract  d. all of the above are derivative securities.

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An account is opened with an initial deposit of 6500 and earns 3.6 interest compounded semi annually have worth $16.223.76 in 20 years. The account will be worth $16,223.76 in 20 years if it is opened with an initial deposit of $6500 and earns 3.6% interest compounded semi-annually.

The formula for calculating the future value of an account is:

FV = P(1 + r/n)/ (n/t)⁻¹

where:

FV = future value

P = principle

Interest rate = number of times compounded annually

t = time in years

Substituting the given values into the formula:

FV = 6500(1 + 0.036/2)/(2×20)⁻¹

FV = 6500(1 + 0.018)/(40)⁻¹

FV= 6500(1.018)/(40)⁻¹

FV = 16223.76

Therefore, the account will be worth $16,223.76 in 20 years if it is opened with an initial deposit of $6500 and earns 3.6% interest compounded semi-annually.

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Answer:

As a representative of the school, you are expected to conduct yourself in a manner that reflects positively on the school and its values. This includes being respectful, courteous, and responsible in your interactions with others. You should demonstrate a strong work ethic, a commitment to excellence, and a willingness to go above and beyond what is expected of you.

Acting as a role model to other students means setting an example that inspires others to follow your lead. This includes showing respect for your peers, your teachers, and the school community as a whole. It means being honest, ethical, and accountable for your actions. You should strive to be a positive influence on those around you, encouraging others to make responsible choices and to strive for their goals.

To represent the school with dignity, pride, and integrity at all times, you should be aware of how your actions impact others. This includes being mindful of your behavior on social media and other online platforms, as well as in your interactions with others in person. You should demonstrate respect for the diversity of the school community, and be inclusive of all individuals regardless of their background or beliefs.

In summary, representing the school with dignity, pride, and integrity at all times means embodying the values and principles that the school holds dear. It means being a positive role model to others, demonstrating respect, responsibility, and accountability in all aspects of your life.

Explanation:

Return on assets is calculated by dividing net profit by total assets.

In this case, total assets are the equity of $200,000 plus the liabilities of $400,000, for a total of $600,000. Therefore, the return on assets is 0.15 or 15%.

To calculate return on assets, you first need to determine the total assets. This is calculated by adding the equity and liabilities of a company. In this case, the equity is $200,000 and the liabilities are $400,000, resulting in a total of $600,000.

Then, you divide the net profit of the company by this total. In this example, the net profit is $90,000, so you divide it by the total assets of $600,000. The result is 0.15, which is the same as 15%.

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Published financial statements may be incorrect for several reasons. The following are some of the reasons why financial statements may be incorrect:

In conclusion, financial statements may be incorrect due to errors, choices available under GAAP, fraud, or a lack of external verification. It is important for companies to have strong internal controls in place to prevent errors or fraud and to obtain external verification of financial statements to increase their reliability and accuracy.

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Price elasticity of supply refers to the degree of change in the amount supplied of a good or service in response to a change in price.

The formula for price elasticity of supply is as follows: Price Elasticity of Supply = % Change in Quantity Supplied / % Change in Price The price elasticity of supply is said to be elastic if a small change in price results in a significant change in the amount supplied of a good or service.

If a change in price causes a proportionate change in the quantity supplied of a good or service, the price elasticity of supply is said to be unit elastic. If the quantity supplied of a good or service changes very little in response to a change in price, the price elasticity of supply is said to be inelastic.

So, the price elasticity of supply for the wild Alaskan salmon is 0.43, and it is less than one. As a result, the price elasticity of supply for wild Alaskan salmon is said to be inelastic.

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The family restaurant chain's investment in new ovens resulted in a 12% return, and an increase in sales of $60,000. The increase in income was 3% of the increase in sales, which is $2,016.

The family restaurant chain had an investment of $60,000 in new ovens that resulted in a 12% return. This return is measured by the increase in sales, which is 3% of the increase in sales.

Therefore, the increase in sales is equal to 100% of the initial investment, or $60,000.

To calculate this, we need to first determine the amount of the return on the investment, which is 12%. This means that the increase in sales is equal to 12% of the initial investment, or $7,200.

To calculate the amount of the increase in sales, we need to add this to the initial investment, resulting in a total increase in sales of $67,200.

The increase in income is also determined by the increase in sales. It is 3% of the increase in sales, so it is equal to 3% of $67,200, or $2,016.

This is the increase in income from the family restaurant chain's investment in new ovens.

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When manufacturers export a product to another country at a price either below the price charged in its home market or below its cost of production, it is called dumping.

The World Trade Organization defines dumping as when a manufacturer exports a product to another country at a price lower than the price it normally charges in its own domestic market or lower than the cost of production of the product.

Dumping, as a consequence, may harm manufacturers in the importing country who are competing against the low-priced products. Dumping harms domestic producers in the importing country because the market becomes flooded with cheap imports that consumers tend to buy instead of more expensive domestically produced goods.

Furthermore, as domestic manufacturers are forced to decrease prices to compete, they may be forced out of business or to cut back production and lay off workers, harming the economy as a whole.

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The quantitative modeling of cause-and-effect relationships between external and internal performance criteria is called a causal model.

What is a causal model? A causal model is a framework that represents the relationship between variables in a way that establishes the cause-and-effect relationships among them. Causal models are often used in the field of business analytics to predict the outcome of specific business decisions and identify the most significant factors that contribute to organizational success.'

Examples of causal models that are used in the business world include regression analysis, decision trees, and structural equation modeling. These models use statistical techniques to analyze data and determine the cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

In conclusion, the quantitative modeling of cause-and-effect relationships between external and internal performance criteria is called a causal model. A causal model is a framework that represents the relationship between variables in a way that establishes the cause-and-effect relationships among them.

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It is increasingly difficult for a firm to develop and sustain a competitive advantage because of the effects of globalization and technological change.

Competitive advantage refers to the factors that allow a firm to outperform its rivals. These factors could be anything from the brand name to proprietary technology to skilled employees to excellent customer service. Competitive advantage may take many forms, including cost, quality, or uniqueness, which distinguish it from the competitors and provide value to consumers.

Globalisation has an impact on competitive advantage because it creates a more competitive market where businesses can compete with one another on a global scale. As a result, firms must work harder to maintain their competitive advantage, which requires investment in research and development, employee training, and marketing to keep ahead of the competition.

Technological change has an impact on competitive advantage because it can transform how products and services are made, delivered, and consumed. Firms that embrace new technologies can gain a competitive advantage by lowering their costs, improving product quality, or creating new business models that disrupt existing markets. Companies that fail to adopt new technologies risk falling behind their competitors and losing their competitive advantage. In conclusion, it is increasingly difficult for a firm to develop and sustain a competitive advantage because of the effects of globalization and technological change.

However, companies that invest in innovation, employee development, and marketing can gain a competitive advantage and stay ahead of the competition.

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The first step to creating a strong social media presence without spending any money is to create an effective plan. This plan should include the following: determining your target audience, crafting your message, defining the type of content you will post, and scheduling your posts in advance.

Determine your target audience. You should have a good understanding of who your potential customers are and what they are looking for. This will help you create content that resonates with them.

Craft your message. Your message should be clear and concise. It should define the unique value that you are offering, the benefits of following your brand, and the action you want your audience to take.

Define the type of content you will post. You should create content that is tailored to your target audience, as well as content that is educational and informative. This will help you build relationships and trust with your audience.

Schedule your posts in advance. You should plan out your content in advance, so that it is posted at the optimal time. This will help you maximize your reach and engagement.

By following these steps, you can create a strong social media presence without spending any money.

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The impact of allowing income taxes on these families to rise on their income distribution and labor force participation. If these tax cuts were allowed to expire, it would result in higher income taxes for families earning above the threshold.

The potential impact of higher income taxes on these families could be twofold. Firstly, the increase in taxes could lead to reduced disposable income, potentially affecting their spending patterns and consumption levels. This decrease in spending could, in turn, have a ripple effect on the broader economy, as lower demand for goods and services could slow down economic growth.

Secondly, higher taxes could potentially impact labor force participation. Some individuals may choose to work less, as the marginal benefit of additional hours worked decreases due to higher taxes on their income. This could lead to a decline in labor force participation among high-income earners. However, the extent of this impact would depend on the elasticity of labor supply, i.e., how responsive individuals are to changes in tax rates. Research suggests that the labor supply of high-income earners tends to be less elastic, meaning they might not be as sensitive to tax changes as lower-income earners.

In summary, allowing income taxes to rise for families with annual incomes over $250,000 could potentially impact their disposable income and consumption levels, as well as labor force participation. The magnitude of these effects would largely depend on how responsive these families are to changes in tax rates.

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Shira's initial impression is that the company is disorderly, primarily because the employees do not have a sense of purpose or a common set of values. Her remarks suggest that she needs to provide a vision for attune.

An organization's vision refers to a statement that outlines its long-term aspirations and goals. It represents the desired future state that the organization aims to achieve and serves as a guide for decision-making, goal-setting, and strategy development.

A clear and compelling vision provides a shared sense of purpose and direction for all members of the organization, including employees, managers, and stakeholders. It also helps to inspire and motivate individuals to work towards a common goal, aligns efforts towards a shared objective, and enables the organization to adapt to changing circumstances and challenges.

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International strategy's Achilles heel is that: c. Competitors will always appear.

An investigation into competitive dynamics begins with a series of attacks and counterattacks by businesses in a given industry. In order to strengthen or defend their competitive position within their competitive space, businesses attack and respond to rival attacks. Thus, the focus of competitive dynamics research is on figuring out how the company's actions affect the reactions and performance of competitors. In fact, the open recognition that firm strategies are "dynamic" is the nature of competitive dynamics research: One company's strategic actions may set off a chain of actions by rival companies. The new cutthroat climate in numerous enterprises has produced the origin of angry contest, stressing adaptability, speed, and advancement in light of quick changing mechanical and institutional circumstances and transitory upper hands.

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Prism Phones' decision to advertise its cell phones over social networking and other popular websites instead of print ads and television illustrates the "promotion" activity of the marketing mix.

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The statement D: "it is the lowest level of the WBS" is always true about a work package.

A Work Package is the smallest unit of work that can be assigned to a team member and is used in project management to break down a project into smaller, more manageable components. Work packages are part of a hierarchy of deliverables and are used to build the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS).

The WBS is a visual representation of the project's scope, and it divides the project into smaller, more manageable parts. Work packages are at the lowest level of the WBS, and they represent the tasks or activities that need to be completed to deliver a specific deliverable. The work package is usually the responsibility of the project manager, who assigns it to the appropriate team member(s) and oversees its completion.

Thus option D is correct answer.

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According to Luthans, if you want to be a successful manager, your time should be spent on traditional managerial activities, such as communication, human resource management, and decision-making.

Fred Luthans is a management scholar who has emphasized the importance of traditional managerial activities for successful management. He argues that effective managers spend most of their time on four activities:

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The essence of the point at which the tax saving from an additional dollar in debt financing is exactly balanced by the increased costs of bankruptcy associated with additional borrowing is known as the "optimal capital structure". This is the point at which the net present value of the firm's tax saving from debt is equal to the expected costs of financial distress.

To put it another way, the optimal capital structure is the debt-to-equity ratio at which a company's value is maximized. This point maximizes the value of the firm's assets by taking into account the tax savings and other costs associated with leverage.

At the optimal capital structure, the total expected costs of financial distress (such as bankruptcy costs, bond default costs, and other costs associated with financing) are equal to the total expected benefits of using debt financing (such as tax savings and other costs associated with leverage).

The optimal capital structure can vary from one firm to the next, depending on a variety of factors such as industry, riskiness, size, growth rate, tax rate, and cost of debt. A firm's optimal capital structure is not necessarily the same for all industries.

To determine a firm's optimal capital structure, the cost of equity and cost of debt need to be compared. The cost of debt is the rate of interest a firm pays for borrowing, while the cost of equity is the return that shareholders demand for investing in a company. A firm's cost of debt is generally lower than its cost of equity due to the tax shield associated with debt.

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The net operating income in this case would be closest to the net operating income prior to the price increase and volume decrease, minus the total amount lost in revenue from the price increase and volume decrease.

To calculate this, first determine the total amount of revenue lost from the price increase and volume decrease. Multiply the $3 increase by the 600 unit decrease, which is equal to $1,800 in lost revenue.

Then, subtract the $1,800 from the original net operating income. The result is the net operating income closest to the increase and decrease.

To summarize, the net operating income would be closest to the original net operating income, minus the total amount of revenue lost from the price increase and volume decrease.

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Breakbulk cargo is cargo, such as trucks, that cannot be containerized because it is too large or because it exceeds the maximum weight of a container load.

Breakbulk cargo is typically loaded piece by piece onto a vessel, rather than in the form of container units. The items are not fixed to a pallet or other form of container, but rather, they are shipped as individual items. The cargo can range from anything from automobiles and large machinery to bags of grain and lumber.

Breakbulk cargo requires more time to handle and load compared to containerized cargo and requires special loading and handling equipment. It is usually loaded using a crane, forklift, or other handling equipment. As it is loaded piece by piece, more labor is required to handle the cargo, compared to containerized cargo.

Additionally, breakbulk cargo is more exposed to the elements than containerized cargo, so extra measures must be taken to protect it during transit. Breakbulk cargo is often used for large items and items that have special shapes that cannot be contained in a regular shipping container.

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The reduction in consumer spending during the Great Recession led to an increase in unemployment for two main reasons. First, as consumers reduce their spending, businesses lose revenue and are forced to reduce the size of their workforce.

As businesses lay off employees, these individuals become unemployed. Second, when consumer spending declines, businesses are less likely to hire new employees or expand their workforce. This means that even people who are actively looking for work have difficulty finding employment.

When consumer spending decreases, businesses must reduce the number of employees they have in order to maintain profitability. This means that businesses lay off workers in order to reduce their overhead costs and make up for lost revenue. As businesses reduce the size of their workforce, the number of unemployed individuals increases.

Additionally, when consumer spending is reduced, businesses are less likely to hire new employees or expand their workforce. This makes it more difficult for individuals who are actively seeking employment to find a job. This further increases the unemployment rate as individuals are unable to find jobs due to the reduced demand from businesses.

In conclusion, the reduction in consumer spending that occurred during the Great Recession led to an increase in unemployment for two main reasons.

First, businesses had to reduce the size of their workforce in order to maintain profitability. Second, businesses were less likely to hire new employees or expand their workforce, making it more difficult for individuals to find work.

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This is SQL query for selecting distinct product names from the product table that are manufactured by Adidas, and have been purchased by customers in California in August. This query helps to identify which Adidas products were popular among California customers in August.

To do this, SQL query joins several tables - product, manufacturer, saleitem, sale, and customer - and uses the WHERE clause to filter the results based on the manufacturer's name, customer's state, and sale date. The query is given.

Select distinct productname

from product p

join manufacturer m

on p.manufacturerid = m.manufacturerid

join saleitem si on p.productid = si.productid

join sale s

on s.saleid = si.saleid

join customer c

on s.customerid = c.customerid

where manufacturername = 'adidas' and c.state = 'CA'

and month(saledate) = 8

The use of the MONTH() function extracts the month portion of the sale date, allowing the query to specifically target sales made in August.

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____The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below:

Show the Query: which products made by adidas have been purchased by customers in california in august? only show product names.

Suppose that we observe a relative price increase of US goods, the most accurately shows how this would affect the aggregate demand - aggregate supply model graph would be Option B. Aggregate Demand refers to the amount of total spending in an economy that is determined by the country's aggregate income.

On the other hand, Aggregate supply refers to the total amount of goods and services that producers are willing to supply at a given price level in the economy. Given the price increase in US goods, it will impact the demand and supply of the goods in the country.

The following graph that accurately shows how it would affect the Aggregate demand - Aggregate supply model graph would be: B. (Increase in Demand, No change in Supply)

In the given model, there is a shift in the demand curve to the right, which leads to an increase in both the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity of the goods.

Hence, it can be said that a relative price increase of US goods leads to an increase in demand for the US goods. So, the most accurately shows how this would affect the aggregate demand - aggregate supply model graph would be Option B.

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The practice of large corporations moving their factories to places where wages are lower, such as China, putting workers in their home country out of a job, is an example of outsourcing.

Outsourcing refers to the practice of contracting work to an outside company, often in a different country, in order to reduce costs or increase efficiency. In the case of corporations moving their factories to countries with lower labor costs, they are able to produce goods at a lower cost, which can increase their profits.

However, this practice can also lead to job losses in the home country as workers are displaced by cheaper labor overseas. This has been a controversial issue, with critics arguing that it contributes to economic inequality and unfairly benefits large corporations at the expense of workers in the home country.

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Advertising Expense will be reported on an income statement prepared for the year ended December 31, 2023 is $260,000. The correct answer is A. $260,000.

To calculate the Advertising Expense reported on the income statement for the year ended December 31, 2023, we need to consider the accrual accounting method used by the company. In accrual accounting, expenses are recognized when they are incurred, not when they are paid.

The television advertising campaign costs $780,000 and runs evenly over six months, starting on November 1, 2022. To determine the monthly expense, we can divide the total cost by the campaign duration:

$780,000 / 6 months = $130,000 per month

Since the income statement is prepared for the year ended December 31, 2023, we need to consider only the advertising expenses incurred during that year. The advertising campaign began on November 1, 2022, and ends on April 30, 2023. Therefore, the campaign runs for two months in 2023 (January and February).

Now, we can calculate the Advertising Expense for the income statement:

$130,000 per month × 2 months = $260,000

So, the Advertising Expense reported on the income statement prepared for the year ended December 31, 2023, will be $260,000.

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According to Fogel and Engerman's research, holding all other factors constant, output per unit of total input was highest for southern farms with the use of slave labor.

Fogel and Engerman's research, which was published in the 1970s, was a quantitative analysis of slavery in the United States. Fogel and Engerman used an economic approach to study slavery and its effect on the economy, as well as to answer questions such as why slavery was abolished and whether it had a positive or negative impact on the economy.The research discovered that productivity was highest on southern farms that used slave labor.

The main argument was that the extensive use of slave labor on southern plantations was only economically beneficial when the price of land was relatively low, allowing owners to cultivate vast acres of cotton, rice, tobacco, or sugar cane with low labor costs (hence high productivity). Additionally, the study demonstrates that slaves were treated with relative efficiency on the plantations, hence a greater benefit of higher productivity.

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