which of the following is not a common feature of an internal control system?multiple choicesegregating dutiesperformance evaluationbonding employeesimplementing the most effective marketing plan

Ramon can take several measures to ensure that all employees and users of the company systems are aware of the firm's stand on privacy, including: developing and implementing a privacy policy; communicating the polic; conducting training sessions; regular reminders; ncouraging transparency.

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We need to mix 2.5 pounds of candy that sells for $0.87 per lb must be mixed with 4.5 pounds of candy that sells for $1.22 per lb to obtain 7 lb of a mixture that should sell for $0.98 per lb.

To solve the problem, we need to use the concept of weighted averages. Let x be the amount of candy that sells for $0.87 per lb and y be the amount of candy that sells for $1.22 per lb. We know that x + y = 7, and we need to find the values of x and y that satisfy the equation:

Simplifying this equation, we get:

0.87x + 1.22y = 6.86

Multiplying both sides of the equation by 100, we get:

Substituting x = 7 - y, we get:

Simplifying and solving for y, we get:

Substituting y = 4.5 into x + y = 7, we get:

Therefore, we need to mix 2.5 pounds of candy that sells for $0.87 per lb with 4.5 pounds of candy that sells for $1.22 per lb to obtain 7 lb of a mixture that should sell for $0.98 per lb.

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Company should select the capital structure that maximizes the company's value.

A capital structure is the mix of debt and equity that a company uses to finance its operations. Debt instruments, such as bonds and loans, generally have lower costs of capital than equity instruments, such as stock, but also come with risks and obligations that must be managed.

The optimal capital structure for a company should balance the cost of capital with the company’s risk profile, which can be maximized when the company’s value is considered.

To determine the optimal capital structure, a company must consider its current financial position and its long-term objectives. Specifically, the company should consider how different levels of debt would affect the company’s debt-to-equity ratio, as well as its current and future interest expense and tax liability.

By considering all of these factors, a company can determine the capital structure that maximizes its value by providing a balance between costs and risks. This balance should be periodically reviewed to ensure the company’s capital structure continues to meet its long-term objectives and generates the highest possible return for its shareholders.

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The correct option is: yes, because josh warranted to the seller that Nancy was of legal age to form a binding contract.

Josh is personally liable for the $200 in the given case. Josh was Nancy's agent who contacted the supplier and assured the supplier that Nancy was an adult and they could make a binding agreement. Josh signed the contract on behalf of Nancy, which is why Josh is personally liable for the $200.

In this case, Josh signed the agreement, which leads to him being bound by the contract. When Nancy disavowed the agreement, Josh was still responsible for the $200 since he signed the contract on behalf of Nancy. Josh warranted to the supplier that Nancy was of legal age to enter into a legally binding contract.

Therefore, it is because Josh guaranteed to the seller that Nancy was of legal age to form a binding contract that Josh is personally responsible for the $200.

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The given statement: Because of the partiality embedded in plans, plans are hierarchical is TRUE.

In business, management, and administration, planning is the process of establishing objectives and determining the methods to achieve them. Organizations set goals and establish policies, procedures, and systems to achieve them, with the goal of directing the behavior of workers and resources toward the organization's objectives.

As a result, plans must be made to establish a path to follow, with partiality and hierarchy included in those plans. Partiality refers to a biased, one-sided viewpoint or approach, and it can have a significant impact on plans.

The objectives, policies, and procedures that are planned will be more favorable to some stakeholders than to others, and this bias will be reflected in the hierarchical structure of the plans.

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The company's net fixed assets are equivalent to $2,910, which is the sum of total equity, net working capital, and long-term debt.

A company's fixed assets include its buildings, vehicles, machinery, and other equipment. We would deduct networking capital from total equity and add long-term debt to obtain the company's net fixed asset. Therefore,

Net fixed asset = $2,100 total equity - $220 working capital + $1,030 long term debt

= $2,910

Hence, as asked in the question, $2,910 is the net fixed assets for the company.

The difference between a company's current assets and current liabilities is known as working capital. It is a financial metric that determines if a business has enough liquid assets to cover its debts due within a 12-month period. If a business has surplus current assets, it can use that money to fund ongoing operations.

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The price elasticities of demand of sugar-free gummy bears and of ordinary gummy bears when the price of gummy bears rises from $2.60 to $3 are 1.54 and 0.93, respectively.

Price elasticity of demand is a measure of the responsiveness of demand for a commodity or a service to a change in the price of the commodity or the service.

The price elasticity of demand of sugar-free gummy bears and of ordinary gummy bears when the price of gummy bears rises from $2.60 to $3 is given below:

Sugar-free gummy bears

Price elasticity of demand is given by the following formula:

PED = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)

PED = ((5-4) / 4) / ((3-2.60) / 2.60) = 1.54

The price elasticity of demand of sugar-free gummy bears is 1.54.

This means that demand for sugar-free gummy bears is elastic because the value of price elasticity of demand is greater than 1.Ordinary gummy bearsPrice elasticity of demand is given by the following formula:

PED = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price).

PED = ((10-8) / 8) / ((3-2.60) / 2.60) = 0.93

The price elasticity of demand of ordinary gummy bears is 0.93. This means that demand for ordinary gummy bears is inelastic because the value of price elasticity of demand is less than 1.

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On December 31, 2021, the Neyer Construction Company will need to make an adjusting entry to properly reflect the rental income it received in advance on November 1, 2021. The adjusting entry will include a debit to Prepaid Rent and a credit to Rental Revenue.

The purpose of the adjusting entry is to account for the portion of the rental income that has been earned in the current accounting period. The prepaid rent account is a current asset, as it reflects the rental income that was paid in advance but not yet earned.

Meanwhile, the rental revenue account is a temporary account and the entry to it is made to reflect the portion of the rental income that has been earned in the current accounting period. The amount of the debit to prepaid rent and the credit to rental revenue will be the same.

In this case, the Neyer Construction Company received $18,000 in rental income in advance. The adjusting entry on December 31, 2021 will record a debit to prepaid rent in the amount of $6,000 ($18,000/6 months) and a credit to rental revenue in the same amount of $6,000. This will properly reflect the portion of the rental income that has been earned during the current accounting period.

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The statement that intangible assets are never amortized and are tested annually for impairment is true. It is because intangible assets are non-physical assets that have no physical substance, and they are classified as long-term assets.

Intangible assets include patents, copyrights, trademarks, goodwill, and brand recognition, among others. They are expected to provide benefits to the company for an extended period, usually more than one year.

Unlike tangible assets such as equipment or land, intangible assets are not easily measurable, and their values can be subjective. As a result, accounting for intangible assets can be challenging.

The process of amortization is used to allocate the cost of an intangible asset over its useful life. However, intangible assets have an indefinite useful life or a life that exceeds the economic life, making it difficult to estimate their useful life.

As a result, they cannot be amortized. Instead, the intangible assets are tested annually for impairment. Impairment refers to a significant reduction in the asset's fair value. An asset is impaired if the recoverable amount is lower than the carrying amount.

If an intangible asset is impaired, the company must write it down to its fair value, and the impairment loss is recorded on the income statement. Therefore, the statement that intangible assets are never amortized and are tested annually for impairment is true.

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Derivatives can be used for (select all that apply):

(A). getting access to hard-to-trade assets

(B):- insuring against price movements

(C). eliminating risk in the marketd.

(D). speculating about price movements.

Derivatives are financial instruments that derive their value from an underlying asset, such as stocks, bonds, or commodities. They are used for various purposes, and each purpose can be achieved through different types of derivatives.

One way derivatives can be used is for getting access to hard-to-trade assets. For instance, if an investor wants to invest in an exotic commodity or currency that is not readily available in the market, they can use a derivative instrument such as futures or options to gain exposure to that asset.

Derivatives can also be used for insuring against price movements, such as hedging against fluctuations in interest rates or currencies. For example, a company that is exposed to foreign currency risk can use a currency swap or option to lock in a specific exchange rate and protect themselves from adverse movements.

However, it is important to note that derivatives cannot eliminate risk in the market. While they can be used for risk management purposes, they cannot entirely eliminate market risk. In fact, derivatives themselves carry some risk, such as counterparty risk, which is the risk of the other party defaulting on the contract.

Finally, derivatives can also be used for speculating about price movements. Traders can use derivatives to bet on the direction of the market, and potentially profit from price movements. However, this type of trading is often considered risky and requires a thorough understanding of the market and the specific derivative instrument being used.

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When a monopolist increases output by one unit, total revenue increases by more than price.

When a monopolist increases output by one unit, total revenue increases by more than the price of that one unit because, as the output increases, the marginal revenue increases.

Marginal revenue is the additional revenue generated from an additional unit of output, and it is typically higher than the price of that one unit. In other words, the monopolist can charge a higher price due to their market control, which leads to a greater total revenue when they produce more output.

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In contrast to primary activities, support activities add value indirectly, but are necessary to sustain primary activities.

Support activities in a value chain are defined as activities or processes that support the main or core processes of the business.What is a value chain?The value chain is a sequence of activities that an organization performs to add value to its products or services. The value chain categorizes a company's activities into two categories: primary activities and support activities.

Primary ActivitiesThe primary activities in the value chain are:

Support ActivitiesThe support activities in the value chain are:

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Intermediate goods are not counted as final goods and are not included in the calculation of GDP as they are used as inputs in the production of other goods and services. Option A is correct.

Intermediate goods are products that are used as inputs in the production of final goods and services. Examples of intermediate goods include raw materials, components, and unfinished products. Since intermediate goods are not sold directly to consumers, they are not counted as final goods and are not included in the calculation of GDP.

Including intermediate goods in GDP would result in double-counting as they are already accounted for in the value of the final goods they are used to produce. Therefore, only the value of final goods and services produced in a country during a given period is counted towards the GDP calculation.

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(a) Optimal order size = 19 units(b) Optimal number of orders per year = 8 orders(c) Optimal number of days between orders = 282 days(d) Annual holding cost = $190(e) Total cost, including the cost of the units = $1935.5

Annual inventory holding cost per unit is $20.Store is open 350 days per year.

Lead time is 10 days.

Cost per unit is 0.5

The demand rate (D) for the model can be calculated as:

D = Monthly demand × 12D = 12 × 12D = 144 units per year

The ordering cost (S) is given as $25 per order.

The holding cost (H) per unit per year is given as $20.Cost per unit (C) is given as $0.5

Calculations optimal order size

(Q)Q = sqrt((2DS)/H)

Q = sqrt((2×144×25)/20)

Q = sqrt(360)Q = 18.97 ≈ 19 units

The optimal order size is 19 units.

optimal number of orders per year

The optimal number of orders per year can be calculated as:

No of orders = (D/Q)No of orders = 144/19

No of orders = 7.57 ≈ 8 orders

The optimal number of orders per year is 8 orders.

optimal number of days between orders

The optimal number of days between orders can be calculated as:

D = (D/No of orders) × (Lead time + No of days open)

Q = (144/8) × (10 + 350)Q = 2250/8Q = 281.25 ≈ 282 days

The optimal number of days between orders is 282 days.

Annual holding cost can be calculated as:

Annual holding cost = Q/2 × H

Annual holding cost = 19/2 × 20

Annual holding cost = $190The annual holding cost is $190.

Total cost (TC) can be calculated as:

TC = (D/Q)S + (Q/2)H + D

Cost per unit (C) is given as $0.5

So, TC = (144/19) × 25 + (19/2) × 20 + (144 × 0.5)

TC = 1935.5

The total cost, including the cost of the units, is $1935.5.

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Answer: The notion that a service organization must focus on its employees before successful programs can be directed at customers is referred to as the internal marketing concept.

Explanation:

What is the internal marketing concept?

The internal marketing concept refers to the act of treating the company's employees as internal customers. The term is used to define an approach that involves motivating employees and treating them as if they were customers who are being sold a service by the company. The approach involves ensuring that the employees are motivated and satisfied with the service they are providing before directing successful programs at customers.

Importance of internal marketing concept

The importance of the internal marketing concept is based on the following:

The internal marketing concept is therefore seen as a key element of successful service organization management and customer relationship management strategies.

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The equivalent rate with semiannual compounding when an interest rate is 12% with quarterly compounding is 11.76%. This is because when compounding occurs more frequently, the effective annual rate (EAR) is higher.

To find the equivalent rate with semiannual compounding, use the following formula: EARsemiannual = (1 + iquarterly)4 - 1, where iquarterly is the iquarterly interest rate. In this case, quarterly = 0.12/4 = 0.03. Therefore, EARsemiannual = (1 + 0.03)4 - 1 = 11.76%.

The formula for calculating the equivalent interest rate is: r = (1 + i/m) ^ m - 1 where: r = equivalent interest rate i = nominal interest rate m = number of compounding periods per year assuming that the nominal interest rate is 12% and it is compounded quarterly (4 times per year), then the number of compounding periods per year, m = 4.

Therefore, r = (1 + i/m) ^ m - 1= (1 + 0.12/4) ^ 4 - 1= 1.03 ^ 4 - 1= 1.1255 - 1= 0.1255 or 12.55% when the interest rate is expressed semiannually (2 times per year), the equivalent rate is: r = (1 + i/m) ^ m - 1= (1 + 0.12/2) ^ 2 - 1= 1.06 ^ 2 - 1= 1.1236 - 1= 0.1236 or 12.36%Therefore, the equivalent rate with semiannual compounding is 12.36%.

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Maria can collect the reward for capturing Oscar. The $500 reward was offered for the capture of Oscar, and Maria, as the sheriff of Narez, was not obligated to capture him. Therefore, she was not under any preexisting duty to capture him and the reward is not an illusory promise.

In this case option D is correct

As long as Maria met the conditions of the reward (in this case, capturing Oscar), she is entitled to collect the reward. It's worth noting that there may be ethical considerations at play in this situation, as law enforcement officers are expected to fulfill their duties regardless of any rewards or incentives.

However, from a legal standpoint, Maria is entitled to collect the reward if she meets the conditions of the offer.

In this case option D is correct

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Activity Based Management is a system of relating and assessing the conditioning carried out by a company.

activity- based management aims to maximize value while minimizing activity costs.

Action- Grounded operation( ABM) is a way of assaying a company's profitability by examining all aspects of its operations to identify strengths and sins. ABM helps operation identify areas of the business that are losing plutocrat so they can be bettered or reduced overall.

This operation system has been proven to reduce waste, better( process) quality, reduce lead times and introduce new products faster. Executives using this frame examine each business process and perform an exertion- grounded cost and value chain analysis to understand its strengths and weaknesses.

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The present value of an investment paying $97,000 in four years, assuming the appropriate discount rate is 7.75 percent compounded daily, is $74,953.20.

The present value of an investment is the current worth of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows given a specified rate of return. This can be calculated by discounting the future cash flows back to the present day. The discount rate is the interest rate used to calculate the present value.

In this case, the investment will pay $97,000 in four years, and the appropriate discount rate is 7.75 percent compounded daily. To calculate the present value, we need to calculate the present value of each of the future cash flows using the discount rate.

We can use the formula PV = FV / (1 + r)^t, where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the interest rate, and t is the time period.

In this case, the FV is $97,000, r is 7.75%, and t is 4 years. Using this formula,

the present value is $74,953.20. Therefore, the present value of an investment paying $97,000 in four years,

assuming the appropriate discount rate is 7.75 percent compounded daily, is $74,953.20.

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Suppose india exports televisions to italy and imports sugar from argentina. This situation suggests that India has a comparative advantage in the production of televisions compared to Italy, while Argentina has a comparative advantage in the production of sugar compared to India.

The ability of a nation to produce a specific good at a lower opportunity cost than other nations is known as comparative advantage. Comparative advantage is essentially the opportunity cost of one nation's production in terms of the other nation's production.

The country that produces a good at a lower opportunity cost has a comparative advantage in that good. So, if India is exporting televisions to Italy and importing sugar from Argentina, it implies that India has a comparative advantage in television production, while Argentina has a comparative advantage in sugar production.

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Purchasing a product from a wholesale club would be an example of purchasing in bulk.

Purchasing in bulk can be regarded as one of the most effective ways to minimize cost while maintaining value. This method is mostly used in wholesale clubs, where buyers may purchase products in bulk to save money.

In a wholesale club, consumers may acquire big amounts of items at a lower price than if they bought each item separately. As a result, if a product is purchased in bulk, the price per unit will be less than if it were bought in smaller quantities.

This method helps to reduce the price while preserving quality or value. Therefore, purchasing a product from a wholesale club is a means to reduce price while value is increased by purchasing in bulk.

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This transaction is accounted for as an import in the U.S. National Income Accounts.

When an American buys a pair of shoes made in Italy, the purchase is treated as an import of a final good or service, meaning the total expenditure on the good (the price paid for the shoes) is recorded as an import.

This increases the U.S. national income accounts because money is leaving the United States in order to pay for the purchase. Conversely, the sale of the shoes from Italy to the American would be recorded as an export, which would increase the Italian national income accounts.

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This is an example of a futures contract, which is an agreement between two parties (in this case, Great Lakes Farm) to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price and date in the future.

A futures contract is a standardized agreement between two parties to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specific price and date in the future. In this case, Great Lakes Farm agreed to sell 25,000 bushels of wheat to General Mills at a price of $9.75 per bushel, six months from now.

Futures contracts are commonly used in the commodities markets to hedge against price fluctuations and manage risk. They are also traded by speculators who hope to profit from changes in the market price of the underlying asset.

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I am unable to download or view spreadsheets, but I can help you calculate the monthly return for Exxon (XOM) from January to February 2010. To do this, you need to follow these steps:

1. Find the stock price for XOM at the end of January 2010 and the end of February 2010 in your spreadsheet.
2. Use the formula for calculating the monthly return: (End of February price - End of January price) / End of January price.
3. Multiply the result by 100 to get the percentage return.

Once you have the stock prices from your spreadsheet, you can plug them into the formula and calculate the monthly return for Exxon from January to February 2010.

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Link Motors’ required return is 13.30%.

The required return on Link Motors is calculated by taking the beta of the company, 1.30, and adding it to the risk-free rate, 3.00%, and then multiplying it by the expected return of the market, 10.00%.

Using this formula, the required return can be calculated as follows: 1.30 + (3.00% * 10.00%) = 13.30%.

This required return is the rate of return that investors expect to get from the company given the risks associated with it and the expected return of the stock market.

To explain further, the beta of the company is a measure of the risk associated with its stock. A beta of 1.30 implies that the stock is 30% more volatile than the stock market, and therefore investors require a higher return to compensate them for the extra risk associated with the stock.

The risk-free rate is the rate of return that an investor would get if they invested in a risk-free asset, such as a Treasury bill or bond. This rate is added to the beta as it is the baseline risk-free rate that investors expect to receive.

The expected return of the stock market is then multiplied by the risk-free rate and beta to get the required return. This expected return is the return that investors expect the market to provide in the future, and it is this return that the company must achieve to satisfy investors.

In conclusion, Link Motors’ required return is 13.30%, which is calculated by adding its beta of 1.30 to the risk-free rate of 3.00%, and then multiplying it by the expected return of the stock market, 10.00%. This required return is the rate of return that investors expect to get from the company given the risks associated with it and the expected return of the stock market.

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The answer to your question is:

Therese's experience is best described as a financial strain nonwork hindrance stressor. This type of stressor occurs when people experience financial hardship, such as difficulty paying bills or debts, losing a job, or facing a large and unexpected expense.

Financial strain is a type of nonwork hindrance stressor that can affect individuals both at work and outside of work. Financial strain refers to the experience of financial difficulty or hardship, which may arise from a variety of factors such as high debt levels, unexpected expenses, or a lack of income.

Financial strain can have negative effects on individuals' mental and physical health, as well as their job performance and job satisfaction. For example, financial strain may lead to increased levels of anxiety, depression, and other mental health problems. It may also result in physical health problems, such as headaches, insomnia, and high blood pressure.

In Therese's case, her difficulty making the mortgage payment and paying off the credit card debt accumulated during her marriage qualifies as a financial strain.

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Industrial equipment is an essential part of any production process. A commonly used industrial equipment responsible for nearly 3/4 of the electricity use or demand in a plant is an electric motor.

Electric motors are used to convert electrical energy into mechanical motion and are one of the most commonly used industrial equipment. They can be found in a wide variety of industries such as manufacturing, food processing, agriculture, paper production, oil refining, and many others. Electric motors are available in a variety of sizes and types, from small household appliances to large industrial machinery.

Electric motors can be classified based on their power source and the type of energy they use. The most common type of motor is the induction motor, which uses alternating current (AC) electricity to produce rotary motion. This type of motor is found in almost all manufacturing and industrial plants, and is typically the most common source of electricity use or demand. Other types of electric motors include synchronous motors and DC motors, both of which use direct current (DC) electricity.

Electric motors can be used to power a variety of industrial equipment, such as pumps, fans, conveyors, blowers, compressors, and generators. Electric motors are also used to drive machinery, such as saws, grinders, drills, lathes, and more. Electric motors are also used to power electrical appliances, such as refrigerators, dishwashers, and vacuum cleaners.

In summary, electric motors are the most commonly used industrial equipment responsible for nearly 3/4 of the electricity use or demand in a plant. Electric motors are available in a variety of sizes and types, and can be used to power a variety of industrial equipment.

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According to the monetary approach, what matters in exchange rate determination are the relative money supplies. The correct option is option c.

This method argues that the supply and demand for a country's currency are determined by the supply of and demand for money in that country.

Once the relative money supplies have been determined, the exchange rate can be calculated.

The monetary approach argues that a country with a high money supply will have a lower exchange rate than a country with a lower money supply. This is because the demand for a currency is determined by the supply of that currency. If a country has a high money supply, there will be more of its currency available, so the demand for it will be lower.

The monetary approach focuses on the impact of money supply on exchange rates, asserting that an increase in a country's money supply leads to a depreciation in its currency value relative to other currencies.

This is because when there is more money in circulation, the demand for goods and services increases, causing inflation. As a result, the domestic currency loses value relative to foreign currencies with lower inflation rates.
In addition to the relative money supplies, other factors like relative national outputs and relative velocities of monies can also influence exchange rates, but they are not the primary focus of the monetary approach.

The monetary approach is based on the fundamental principles of supply and demand, where the exchange rate is determined by the equilibrium between the supply of one currency and the demand for another.

When a currency is in high demand or its supply is limited, its value increases relative to other currencies.

In conclusion, the monetary approach to exchange rate determination primarily emphasizes the role of relative money supplies (option c) in influencing currency values. Although other factors can impact exchange rates, the monetary approach highlights the importance of money supply as a key determinant.

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According to the monetary approach, what matters in exchange rate determination are all of the options mentioned, which include the relative velocities of monies, the relative money supplies, and the relative national outputs. The basic idea behind this approach is that changes in the money supply or the velocity of money in one country will ultimately affect the exchange rate between that country's currency and another currency.

For instance, if a country increases its money supply faster than another country, its currency will likely depreciate relative to the other country's currency. Similarly, if a country experiences higher inflation rates or lower levels of economic output relative to another country, this may also put downward pressure on its exchange rate.

The monetary approach emphasizes the importance of understanding how changes in the money supply and other economic variables can impact exchange rates. By focusing on these factors, policymakers can potentially influence exchange rates through various monetary and fiscal policy tools. Overall, the monetary approach highlights the complex interplay between economic variables and exchange rate dynamics, and underscores the need for careful analysis and management of monetary policy.

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Based on the contract concept, if someone offers $100 to anyone who returns her lost cat, the act of returning the cat is the acceptance of a unilateral contract.

A unilateral Contract is a term that is used to describe the contract where one party often referred to as the offeror makes an offer to a person, organization, or the general public.

Generally, the term Unilateral contract involved the express offer that payment is made only by a party's performance.

A good example of a Unilateral contract is a rewards offer or contest prize for actions to be performed.

Hence, in this case, it is concluded that a correct answer is a Unilateral Contract.

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A reduction  in the amount of oil (a resource) will tend to cause C. A reduction in output and an increase in the price level

There are two possible effects when there is a reduction in oil quantity:

A decrease in the output: When there is a reduction in oil quantity, production costs will rise due to the increased cost of oil. As a result, businesses will have to spend more money to produce the same amount of goods and services they did previously. Therefore, businesses will decrease their output to maintain a profit, which will result in a decrease in output.

Increase in the price level: When there is a reduction in the quantity of oil, the price of oil will increase due to the high oil demand. Since oil is an important raw material in the production of many goods and services, any rise in the price of oil will increase the cost of production of these goods and services.

As a result, the prices of goods and services that rely on oil will increase, and the price level will increase as well. In conclusion, a reduction in the amount of oil (a resource) will tend to cause a reduction in output and an increase in the price level. Therefore the correct option is C

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A reduction the amount of oil (a resource) will tend to cause which of the following?

a) A reduction in output and a reduction in the price level

b) A reduction in output with no change in the price level

c) A reduction in output and an increase in the price level

d) An increase in the price level and no change in output if accompanied by an increase in the money supply

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