The victims of marasmus are deficient in protein and calories is a true statement. The correct answer is option D.
Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by extreme wasting of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass. It is not a true statement that the victims are deficient in protein but have borderline or adequate kilocalorie intake. In fact, victims of marasmus are deficient in both protein and kilocalories, which leads to weight loss and muscle wasting.
Marasmus is typically seen in malnourished children under the age of 1 year. Victims can have a "skin-and-bones" appearance and suffer from extreme lean tissue wasting. This is due to a lack of adequate nutrition, including protein and calories, which are essential for growth and development. In conclusion, option D is a true statement as marasmus is caused due to the deficiency of both protein and kilocalories.
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O Evaluation Clear selection 17. In the FHSAA, the question " in a scale of 0-10, how would you rate your 1 point symptom" falls under which letter in the acronym O,P,Q,R,S,T UV and what it stand for?
In the FHSAA, the question "in a scale of 0-10, how would you rate your 1 point symptom" falls under the letter "S" in the acronym "OPQRSTUV."
The acronym "OPQRSTUV" stands for Onset, Provocation/Palliation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Timing, and Understanding.
It is a mnemonic used to help medical professionals gather information about a patient's symptoms and medical history. Each letter represents a different aspect of the patient's symptoms that the healthcare provider should inquire about.
The "S" in the acronym stands for Severity, which relates to the intensity or severity of the symptom being experienced by the patient.
The healthcare provider may ask the patient to rate their symptom on a scale of 0-10, with 0 being no symptom at all and 10 being the most severe or intense symptom they have ever experienced. This can help the healthcare provider better understand the patient's condition and determine the appropriate course of treatment.
In conclusion, the question "in a scale of 0-10, how would you rate your 1 point symptom" falls under the "S" in the acronym "OPQRSTUV," which stands for Severity.
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uble Vitamins The next few questions will help you get a better understanding of the important distinction between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. In understanding where each type of vitamin is found and how they are absorbed, you'll better understand their functions in the body and the food sources in which they are found. While fat-soluble vitamins are hydrophobic, meaning they dislike water, water-soluble vitamins are hydrophilic, meaning they like water. This is more commonly referred to as the vitamin's solubility. water behavior. catalyst. dispersion. In understanding how much of a vitamin a person is getting, it's important to understand not only the amount of the vitamin present in food, but also the amount that can be absorbed and used. What is another term for this? Bioavailability Solubility Metabolization Magnetism Use your knowledge to determine whether the statements describe water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins, or both by checking the box. Water-Soluble Vitamins Fat-Soluble Vitamins Hydrophobic Excess is excreted through urine Needed every few days Hydrophilic Organic May require a protein for transport Essential nutrients 000 0 U Vitamins not only have different responsibilities in the body, but also have different characteristics and effects. Determine which vitamin each statement references. A water-soluble vitamin known to prevent neural-tube defects in babies A water-soluble vitamin commonly known for helping hair and nails grow faster A fat-soluble vitamin An antioxidant vitamin A deficiency in this water-soluble vitamin can lead to a condition called beriberi Requires a secretion in the stomach known as intrinsic factor for absorption The next few questions will help you dive deeper into vitamin B12 to understand what it does for the human body and the effects of a vitamin B 12 deficiency. Because vitamin B12 and are closely related in structure and function, both are frequently used in the same biological processes. One of the reasons that folate fortification is controversial is that folate can mask a vitamin-B12 deficiency and cause serious damage to the system. The primary sign and symptom of pernicious anemia, which is related to a deficiency in both vitamin B12 and folate, is in the structural formation of the
Fat-soluble vitamins tend to accumulate in the body, and they can be toxic if consumed in large amounts.
Fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K, can be stored in the liver and other fatty tissues. They are often found in fatty foods, such as butter, oils, and nuts. However, because they are not readily excreted from the body, they can accumulate to toxic levels if they are consumed in excessive amounts. Symptoms of vitamin toxicity can include nausea, vomiting, headaches, and even death.
Therefore, it is important to monitor your intake of fat-soluble vitamins and avoid consuming them in excessive amounts. Water-soluble vitamins, on the other hand, are not stored in the body to the same extent as fat-soluble vitamins. Instead, they are excreted through urine, which means that they need to be consumed on a more regular basis. Examples of water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C and the B vitamins.
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Vitamins are either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed with lipids and can accumulate in the body. Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed with water and are not stored in the body.
Explanation:Vitamins can be either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are absorbed through the intestinal tract with lipids in chylomicrons. They are carried in lipids and can accumulate in the body's lipid stores. On the other hand, water-soluble vitamins (including B vitamins and vitamin C) are absorbed with water in the gastrointestinal tract and move easily through bodily fluids. They are not stored in the body and excess amounts are excreted through urine.
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HAS-6505 Health Care Risk Management: Assignment Week 1
Critical Reflection Paper: Chapters 1, 2, 3
Objective: To critically reflect your understanding of the readings and your ability to apply them to your Health care Setting.
ASSIGNMENT GUIDELINES (10%):
Students will critically analyze the readings from Chapter 1, 2 and 3 in your textbook. This assignment is designed to help you review, critique, and apply the readings to your Health Care setting as well as become the foundation for all of your remaining assignments.
You need to read the chapters assigned for week 1 and develop a 2-3-page paper reflecting your understanding and ability to apply the readings to your Health Care Setting. Each paper must be typewritten with 12-point font and double-spaced with standard margins. Follow APA style 7th edition format when referring to the selected articles and include a reference page.
EACH PAPER SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
1. Introduction (25%) Provide a brief synopsis of the meaning (not a description) of each Chapter and articles you read, in your own words.
2. Your Critique (50%)
What is your reaction to the content of the chapters?
What did you learn about Risk Management Activities and Tools?
What did you learn about Legal Standards and Risk Management related with OSHA and HIPAA?
In Chapters 1, 2, and 3 of the reading material, the center is on chance administration within the healthcare setting.
What is the Health CareThese chapters give an outline of the significance of hazard administration exercises and devices, as well as lawful measures and controls related to OSHA (Word related Security and Wellbeing Organization) and HIPAA (Wellbeing Protections Movability and Responsibility Act).
Upon perusing these chapters, I found the substance to be profoundly instructive and important to the healthcare industry. The creators viably clarified the noteworthiness of chance administration in guaranteeing understanding security, progressing quality of care, and minimizing potential liabilities.
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What two anatomical structures would be at risk of complications
from Aortic Stenosis?
Aortic Stenosis is a medical condition that affects the heart valve. The aortic valve, located between the left ventricle and the aorta, is normally a one-way valve that allows blood to flow from the left ventricle into the aorta.
The most common cause of aortic stenosis is calcification or hardening of the valve, which can lead to a narrowing of the valve opening. This narrowing can result in two anatomical structures that are at risk of complications, which are:1. Left ventricle: The left ventricle is the heart's main pumping chamber, and it is the most likely structure to be affected by aortic stenosis.
When the valve narrows, the left ventricle has to work harder to pump blood through the valve. This increased workload can lead to the left ventricle becoming thicker and stiffer, a condition known as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). LVH can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and even heart failure.
2. Aorta: The aorta is the body's largest artery and carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. When the aortic valve is narrowed, the aorta has to work harder to push blood through the valve. This can cause the aorta to become enlarged (dilated), a condition known as aortic aneurysm. An enlarged aorta can be life-threatening if it ruptures or dissects (tears).In conclusion, two anatomical structures at risk of complications from Aortic Stenosis are the left ventricle and the aorta.
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Explain the historical disparity between sentencing for cocaine vs crack. How did this disparity lead to racial inequalities?
What is the potential relationship between illicit steroid use, mental health and body image?
Is the labeling of psychedelics as a Schedule 1 substance appropriate given what we have learned in this module? Why or why not?
The historical disparity between sentencing for cocaine vs crack: Cocaine and crack cocaine are two different drugs. Cocaine is a powder drug, whereas crack cocaine is made by cooking powdered cocaine, baking soda, and water until it forms a hard rock.
They both have different penalties for the possession, use, and distribution of each drug. When the war on drugs was announced in the 1980s, crack cocaine was labeled as a more harmful drug and received more severe punishments than powder cocaine. In 1986, the United States Congress passed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act, which imposed harsher penalties on crack cocaine crimes than cocaine crimes. The Act set a minimum sentence of 5 years for the distribution of crack cocaine and required a minimum of 100 times the amount of powder cocaine for the same sentence. Due to this difference in sentencing between the two drugs, crack cocaine offenders, who were mostly African American, received longer sentences than cocaine offenders, who were mostly white. Racial inequalities were caused by this disparity because crack cocaine users and dealers were primarily Black, and cocaine users and dealers were primarily white.
The potential relationship between illicit steroid use, mental health, and body image: Illicit steroid use is when people use anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) without a doctor's prescription. It's commonly used to increase muscle mass, boost athletic performance, and improve body appearance. The misuse of AAS can lead to mental health and physical problems. AAS can cause mood swings, aggression, paranoia, and delusions. Depression is also a possible outcome of AAS use. The pressure to achieve a perfect body image can lead to steroid use. The media portrays the ideal body image for men as muscular, strong, and lean. Therefore, many men feel compelled to use steroids to achieve this ideal body type.
Labeling of psychedelics as a Schedule 1 substance: Psychedelics are drugs that change perception, mood, thought, and behavior. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) classifies drugs based on their potential for abuse, medical use, and safety. Schedule 1 substances are drugs that have a high potential for abuse, have no medical use, and are unsafe to use. Psychedelics, including LSD and psilocybin, are classified as Schedule 1 substances. The classification is not appropriate since studies have shown that these substances can have medical uses, including treating depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Therefore, the classification should be reconsidered and changed.
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Describe the nurses’ role in caring for a patient that suffers
from Addison's disease vs. Cushing’s disease and include the
multidimensional aspects of nursing care.
Addison's disease and Cushing's disease are two endocrine disorders that require different nursing care. Here's how nurses can care for patients with these diseases:
Nurses' role in caring for a patient suffering from Addison's disease. Nurses must administer hydrocortisone or other corticosteroids, monitor the patient's vital signs, and notify the physician if any significant changes occur. The patient must also be educated about the effects of stress on the body and the importance of taking the medication regularly as prescribed. Nurses should also take steps to avoid patients from experiencing adrenal crises.
Nurses role in caring for a patient suffering from Cushing's diseaseThe nurse's role in caring for a patient with Cushing's syndrome includes monitoring the patient's physical condition and emotional well-being. They must administer medications that have been prescribed, monitor the patient's blood pressure and fluid balance, and assess the patient's skin for infections, bruises, and skin tears. Patients must also be educated about the adverse effects of steroid medications and how to manage symptoms. Nursing care should ensure that the patient maintains a healthy diet and exercise regimen, and they should also promote an effective sleep pattern and manage the patient's weight.
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PROCEDURE 20-1. PLANTAR FASCIOTOMY Using the PCS code book, code the following procedure. Do NOT assign diagnosis codes for this exercise. Or CPT codes. Description: Plantar fasciitis, left foot. Partial plantar Fasciotomy. Preoperative diagnosis: Plantar fasciitis, left foot. Postoperative diagnosis: Plantar fasciitis, left foot. Procedure performed: Partial plantar fasciitis, left foot. Anesthesia: 10 cc of 0.5% Marcaine plain with TIVA. History: This 35-year-old Caucasian female presents to ABCD General Hospital with the above chief complaint. The patient states she has extreme pain with plantar fasciitis in her left foot and has attempted conservative treatment, including orthotics, without long-term relief of symptoms and desires surgical treatment. The patient has been NPO since midnight. Consent is signed and in the chart. No known drug allergies. Details of procedure: An IV was instituted by the Department of Anesthesia in the preoperative holding area. The patient was transported to the operating room and placed on the operating table in supine position with a safety belt across the stomach. Copious amounts of Webril were placed on the left ankle, followed by blood pressure cuff. After adequate sedation by the Department of Anesthesia, a total of 10 cc of 0.5% Marcaine plain was injected into the surgical site both medially and laterally across the plantar fascia. The foot was then prepped and draped in the usual sterile orthopedic fashion. An Esmarch bandage was applied for exsanguination, and the pneumatic ankle tourniquet was inflated to 250 mm Hg. The foot was then reflected on the operating, stockinette reflected, and the foot cleansed with a wet and dry sponge. Attention was then directed to the plantar medial aspect of the left heel. An approximately 0.75-cm incision was then created in the plantar fat pad over the area of maximal tenderness.
The incision was then deepened with a combination of sharp and blunt dissection until the plantar fascia was palpated. A #15 blade was used to transect the medial and central bands of the plantar fascia. Care was taken to preserve the lateral fibroids. The foot was dorsiflexed against resistance as the fibers were released, and there was noted to be increased laxity after release of the fibers on the plantar aspect of the foot, indicating that plantar fascia has in fact been transacted. The air was then flushed with copious amounts of sterile saline. The skin incision was then closed with #3-0 nylon sutures in a simple interrupted fashion. Dressings consisted of #0-1 silk, 4 × 4s, Kling, Kerlix, and Coban. The pneumatic ankle tourniquet was released, and immediate hyperemic flush was noted throughout all digits of the left foot. The patient tolerated the above procedure and anesthesia well without complications. The patient was transported to the PACU with vital signs stable and vascular status intact to the left foot. Intraoperatively, an additional 80 cc of 1% lidocaine was injected for additional anesthesia in the case. The patient is to be non-weight-bearing on the left lower extremity with crutches. The patient is given postoperative pain prescriptions for Vicodin ES, one q3-4, p.o., p.r.n. for pain, as well as Celebrex 200 mg one p.o. b.i.d. The patient is to follow-up with Dr. X as directed.
The procedure performed is a partial plantar fasciotomy for plantar fasciitis in the left foot. The patient received anesthesia, and the surgical site was prepared and draped. An incision was made in the plantar fat pad, followed by dissection to expose the plantar fascia. The medial and central bands of the plantar fascia were transected, preserving the lateral fibroids.
The incision was closed with sutures, and appropriate dressings were applied. The pneumatic ankle tourniquet was released, and the patient's vital signs remained stable. Additional anesthesia was administered intraoperatively, and postoperative pain medications were prescribed.
The procedure described is a partial plantar fasciotomy performed to address plantar fasciitis in the patient's left foot. Plantar fasciitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and pain in the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that supports the arch of the foot. When conservative treatments fail to provide long-term relief, surgical intervention, such as a partial plantar fasciotomy, may be considered.
The procedure involved the following steps:
1. Anesthesia: The patient received 10 cc of 0.5% Marcaine plain with TIVA (Total Intravenous Anesthesia).
2. Preoperative preparation: The patient was positioned on the operating table and appropriate safety measures were taken. The surgical site was prepped and draped in a sterile manner.
3. Incision and dissection: A 0.75-cm incision was made in the plantar fat pad over the area of maximal tenderness. The incision was deepened using sharp and blunt dissection until the plantar fascia was palpated.
4. Transection of plantar fascia: The medial and central bands of the plantar fascia were transected using a #15 blade. Care was taken to preserve the lateral fibroids.
5. Verification and release of fibers: The foot was dorsiflexed against resistance to verify the release of fibers and the increased laxity of the plantar aspect of the foot, indicating successful transection of the plantar fascia.
6. Closure and dressing: The skin incision was closed with sutures, and appropriate dressings were applied, including silk, 4 × 4s, Kling, Kerlix, and Coban.
7. Postoperative care: The pneumatic ankle tourniquet was released, and adequate blood flow was observed. The patient tolerated the procedure well, and postoperative pain medications were prescribed.
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Based on the position of the female bladder in relation to the vagina and uterus, what do you think happens to the bladder during the last month of pregnancy? Also be sure to describe where the female bladder is located.
The female b la dder is a muscular, balloon-shaped organ that sits at the bottom of the p el vis, behind the pu bic bone, and in front of the rec tum. It is separated from the ut erus and the va gina by connective tissue.
During pregnancy, the u te rus grows significantly, putting pressure on the b lad der and shifting it upwards towards the abdomen and the belly button. This phenomenon is called "bla d der displacement" or "uterine prolapse" in some instances, as the uterus exerts more pressure on the p el vic region. This can cause a range of symptoms, including frequent urination, urinary incontinence, and an increased risk of urinary tract infections. Pregnant women are also more prone to bladder infections due to the increased pressure on the bl ad der. As the baby drops into the pelvis, the pressure on the b la dder may decrease slightly. However, this is not always the case. The bladder may be pushed to the side of the pe l vis, which can lead to further pressure and discomfort. Overall, during the last month of pregnancy, the bla dder may be under significant stress due to the pressure from the growing u te rus. As a result, it is essential for pregnant women to drink plenty of water and empty their bladder frequently to prevent any complications.
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Another type of adaptive immune cell can recognize viral infected cells and
attack them directly with perforins and granzymes. It recognized the infected cell
due to the presence of viral proteins on the cell surface of the infected mucosa
cells bound to a ___.
Another type of adaptive immune cell can recognize viral infected cells and attack them directly with perforins and granzymes. It recognized the infected cell due to the presence of viral proteins on the cell surface of the infected mucosa cells bound to a MHC class I molecule.
Adaptive immune cells are the components of the immune system that learn to respond to specific antigens over time. Unlike the innate immune response, which is instant and generic, the adaptive immune system takes time to adapt to a new challenge. When the immune system recognizes a foreign substance, specialized cells are activated that target that specific substance. These cells include B cells and T cells, as well as macrophages, dendritic cells, and other cells that help to identify and target pathogens.
A key feature of the adaptive immune system is the ability to form memory cells that can recognize a particular antigen years after it was last encountered. This allows for rapid and efficient responses to repeat infections by the same pathogen. There are two primary types of adaptive immune cells: B cells and T cells. Each type of cell plays a specific role in recognizing and targeting specific pathogens and foreign substances.
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What is a disadvantage of a cohort study compared to a randomized controlled trial?
a. The external validity is lower
b. It is more prone to selection bias
c. It is less suitable for studying medical outcomes
d. Participants are followed over time to observe disease outcomes
The disadvantage of a cohort study compared to a randomized controlled trial is that it is more prone to selection bias. This statement is option B.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for determining the effectiveness of an intervention or treatment. While cohort studies are also valuable, they have some limitations in comparison to RCTs.Cohort studies are observational studies that track groups of people over time and measure risk factors, exposures, and outcomes. However, they are more prone to selection bias because people can choose whether or not to participate in the study.
In contrast, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have randomly assigned participants to either the treatment or control group, which minimizes selection bias. In RCTs, the participants are more representative of the general population, and the results are more generalizable. Furthermore, RCTs can assess the causality of the relationship between the intervention and the outcome because of their high internal validity, which is not always possible with cohort studies. However, RCTs can be expensive and impractical in some circumstances.
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A 42-year-old female patient present to your office with fatigue, blurred vision, and dizziness. When asked about her symptoms she states that they tend to come and go over the last 3 years but have gotten more frequent recently. What is the most likely. diagnosis and what are some confirmatory findings or tests that are associated with this case? Choose 3 (three) answer choices. a. Persistent hypoglycemia b. Decreased phosphorus c. Decreased Glucose d. Relapsing and remitting symptoms e. Multiple sclerosis f. increased calcium g. Multiple Myeloma h. Rouleaux L Hyperparathyroidism 1. Bence Jones proteins K. olgoclonal bands in CSF
The symptoms of fatigue, blurred vision, and dizziness are consistent with many diseases, and further tests would be needed to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Multiple sclerosis (MS), on the other hand, is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by immune-mediated demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS).
Here are some of the key symptoms associated with MS:
a. Blurred vision or vision loss
b. Difficulty walking and coordination
c. Muscles stiffness and spasmsd.
Fatigue and weakness Multiple sclerosis diagnosis The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis can be challenging since the symptoms can be related to various medical conditions. The following are some confirmatory findings or tests associated with MS:i. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans: MRIs are highly sensitive imaging tools that can detect demyelinating lesions within the CNS.ii. Lumbar puncture (spinal tap):
During a lumbar puncture, a doctor will collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for examination in the laboratory. Oligoclonal bands are proteins found in the CSF of some people with multiple sclerosis.
iii. Evoked potential tests: These are diagnostic tests that measure the electrical signals produced by the brain in response to stimuli. They could be used to diagnose MS.
In conclusion, the most likely diagnosis for a 42-year-old female patient presenting with fatigue, blurred vision, and dizziness could be multiple sclerosis (MS). Confirmatory findings or tests associated with MS include MRIs, lumbar puncture (spinal tap), and evoked potential tests.
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Why do you believe that quality can be viewed as a strength and
a weakness of the U.S. health care system? Post atleast 300
words
Put 2 examples and explanation and reference
The quality of the U.S. health care system can be viewed as both a strength and a weakness.
The United States has one of the most advanced health care systems globally, but this quality comes with significant drawbacks. Despite offering a higher standard of care, the quality of the U.S. healthcare system can also create barriers to receiving care. For example, the high cost of health care makes it unaffordable for some individuals, leading to an inability to access care. Additionally, patients in rural areas may not have access to specialist care because specialists tend to be concentrated in urban areas. These factors limit the ability of people to access and receive high-quality care.
On the other hand, the quality of U.S. healthcare attracts many patients from other countries who require treatment for complex conditions. For example, people travel from all over the world to receive cancer treatment at world-renowned institutions such as Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. U.S. hospitals and clinics are also known for their medical research and innovative treatment options.
References:
1. Aaron, H. J., & Schwartz, W. B. (2011). The painful prescription for health care in the United States: “Sicko” by Michael Moore. Annals of Internal Medicine, 144(2), 91-92.
2. Mayes, R. (2011). Quality in health care: The US leads all countries, but performance varies widely. BMJ, 342, d1.
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17 of 160 A client with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and a large draining ulcer of the right foot is admitted with a suspected Staphylococcus aureus infection. Which interventions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.) A Monitor the client's white blood cell count. B Explain the purpose of a low bacteria diet. Send wound drainage for culture and sensitivity. Institute contact precautions for staff and visitors. Use standard precautions and wear a mask. tilated After performing a quick visual assessment,
The nurse should implement the following interventions for a client with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and a suspected Staphylococcus aureus infection: monitor the client's white blood cell count, send wound drainage for culture and sensitivity, institute contact precautions for staff and visitors, and use standard precautions and wear a mask.
1. Monitor the client's white blood cell count: This is important to assess the body's response to the infection. An elevated white blood cell count may indicate an ongoing infection.
2. Send wound drainage for culture and sensitivity: This helps identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine the most effective antibiotic treatment.
3. Institute contact precautions for staff and visitors: Staphylococcus aureus is highly contagious, so implementing contact precautions, such as wearing gloves and gowns, helps prevent the spread of the infection to others.
4. Use standard precautions and wear a mask: Standard precautions should be followed at all times to prevent the transmission of infections. Wearing a mask is especially important when there is a risk of respiratory droplets containing bacteria.
By implementing these interventions, the nurse aims to monitor the client's condition, identify the causative organism, prevent the spread of infection, and protect both the client and healthcare workers from further contamination.
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If the triceps surae, attaching to the calcaneus .04 m from the ankle joint produces 700 N of tension perpendicular to the bone, and the tibialis anterior attaching to the medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal .035 m away from the ankle joint exerts 750 N of tension perpendicular to the bone how much net torque is present at the joint? a. 1.75 Nm plantar flexion O b. 17.5 Nm plantar flexion O c. No movement at the joint O d. 17.5 Nm dorsiflexion O e. 1.75 Nm dorsiflexion
The net torque at the joint is option a. 1.75 Nm plantar flexion.
To calculate the net torque at the joint, we need to determine the moment arm for each muscle and then calculate the torque produced by each muscle individually.
The moment arm is the perpendicular distance from the muscle's line of action to the axis of rotation (ankle joint in this case).
Given information:
Triceps surae tension (T1) = 700 N
Triceps surae moment arm (d1) = 0.04 m
Tibialis anterior tension (T2) = 750 N
Tibialis anterior moment arm (d2) = 0.035 m
Torque (τ) is calculated using the formula: τ = T * d, where T is the tension and d is the moment arm.
Torque produced by the triceps surae (τ1) = T1 * d1 = 700 N * 0.04 m = 28 Nm (plantar flexion)
Torque produced by the tibialis anterior (τ2) = T2 * d2 = 750 N * 0.035 m = 26.25 Nm (dorsiflexion)
To calculate the net torque, we subtract the torque produced by dorsiflexion from the torque produced by plantar flexion:
Net torque = τ1 - τ2 = 28 Nm - 26.25 Nm = 1.75 Nm (plantar flexion)
Therefore, the correct answer is option a. 1.75 Nm plantar flexion.
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Give in detail biomechanical analysis of walking
gait
Biomechanical analysis of walking gait involves studying the movement of the body during walking. It is a quantitative assessment of the motion and muscle activity that occurs when walking.
There are three major phases of walking gait; the stance phase, the swing phase, and the double support phase.The stance phase is when the foot is in contact with the ground. The swing phase is when the foot is off the ground and swinging forward.
The double support phase is when both feet are in contact with the ground, which happens briefly during walking.The biomechanical analysis of walking gait can be used to assess the following parameters; stride length, cadence, step width, and walking speed. Stride length is the distance between two consecutive heel strikes.
Cadence is the number of steps taken per minute. Step width is the distance between the two feet at their widest point during walking. Walking speed is the distance covered per unit time. Biomechanical analysis also involves studying the forces and moments acting on the body during walking.
This includes ground reaction forces, joint moments, and muscle forces. The ground reaction force is the force that is generated by the ground when the foot strikes it. Joint moments are the forces that act on the joints in the body. Muscle forces are the forces that are generated by the muscles to move the body.
The biomechanical analysis of walking gait is useful in identifying any abnormalities or deviations from normal walking. It can be used to assess the effectiveness of treatments for conditions such as cerebral palsy, stroke, and Parkinson's disease. It is also used in the design of prosthetics and orthotics.
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Excess intake of vitamin K results in: A pellagra B. Beri-beri C
scurvy D.jaundice Xerosis
Excess intake of vitamin K results in Jaundice. The correct answer is option D.
Vitamin K is an essential nutrient that helps the body in blood clotting. Too much vitamin K intake can lead to the risk of developing some negative side effects like jaundice. When vitamin K is consumed in excess, it tends to cause jaundice which is characterized by yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes.
Jaundice is a medical condition that occurs when the liver cannot efficiently process bilirubin, which is a yellowish pigment produced when red blood cells are broken down. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that is found in leafy green vegetables, animal-derived foods like cheese and liver, and fermented foods like natto. Therefore, it is crucial to regulate the intake of vitamin K in order to avoid the risk of negative side effects such as jaundice.
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Acknowledging an error and saying, "I'm sorry" are examples of what type of resolution strategy?
Proactive or preventive
Outcome
Process
Acknowledging an error and saying, "I'm sorry" are examples of a process resolution strategy.
A process resolution strategy is focused on addressing the immediate issue or problem and taking steps to prevent similar issues from occurring in the future. In this case, acknowledging an error and apologizing is a way to address the mistake that has already occurred and prevent further negative consequences from arising. It may also help to restore trust and maintain a positive relationship between parties involved.
On the other hand, proactive and preventive resolution strategies are focused on identifying potential issues before they occur and taking steps to prevent them from happening. These types of strategies may involve risk assessments, contingency planning, or implementing policies or procedures to minimize the likelihood of problems arising.
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A nurse evaluates a client for postoperative complications following joint replacement surgery. upon discharge, the nurse teaches the client that the risk of infection is present for how long after surgery?
a) 2 weeks
b) 1 month
c) 3 months
d) 6 months
The risk of infection after joint replacement surgery is present for a period of time lasting up to (d) 6 months.
After joint replacement surgery, the risk of infection remains present for a certain duration as the surgical site heals. Option d, which states that the risk of infection is present for 6 months after surgery, accurately reflects the timeframe during which vigilance is required.
Joint replacement surgery is a major surgical procedure that involves the insertion of prosthetic components into the joint. During the postoperative period, the surgical site is vulnerable to infection as it undergoes the healing process. While strict sterile techniques are followed during surgery to minimize the risk of infection.
The risk of infection is highest in the immediate postoperative period, but it can persist for several months. Patients are typically advised to take precautions, such as proper wound care, hygiene practices, and adherence to any prescribed antibiotics, for at least 6 months after surgery.
Hence, the correct answer is (d) 6 months, as the risk of infection after joint replacement surgery remains present for this duration.
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Model the following process using Camunda and upload the correct file: A nurse at AUST Clinic is talking about the clinic: "Our clinic is relatively small. We have an ER room but for lab tests we rely on a nearby laboratory. We also, have an agreement with Hotel Dieu Hospital for surgical consultations. When a patient walks in into the ER, a nurse examines the patient. An ER report is a document generated from the examination. The nurse then refers the patient to a Dr. The Dr. checks up the patient based on the ER report prepared by the nurse. The Dr further requests immediately two things: a laboratory test and a surgical consultation. Upon receipt of both the lab results and the surgical consultation, the Dr diagnoses the case. If a surgery is needed, the Dr plans for a surgery. Otherwise, plans for treatment. In both cases the Electronic Medical Record System (EMR) is updated with the Dr notes." Your BPMN should also include the pools, lanes, message flows, and business objects.
Model the process using Camunda and upload the correct file: The following is a business process modeling notation (BPMN) model for a healthcare institution named AUST Clinic. The model starts with the registration of patients, and it ends when the electronic medical record (EMR) system is updated with the doctor's notes.
Process steps:
Registration of Patients: When the patient arrives at the AUST clinic, they are registered by the receptionist, and their basic information is taken. Then, they are directed to the ER room.
Examination by Nurse: In the ER room, the patient is examined by the nurse. After the examination, the nurse generates an ER report, which includes the patient's details and the nurse's assessment. The ER report is sent to the doctor.
Review by Doctor: The doctor reviews the ER report and makes a diagnosis. Based on the diagnosis, the doctor either schedules a surgery or prescribes treatment. The doctor sends a request for laboratory tests and surgical consultations based on the patient's condition.
Laboratory Test: After the doctor's request, the laboratory test is performed on the patient.
Surgical Consultation: If the doctor has scheduled surgery, they request a surgical consultation. The surgical consultation is performed by Hospital Dieu Hospital.
Diagnosis: The doctor diagnoses the patient's condition based on the laboratory test and surgical consultation results.
Treatment Planning: The doctor plans the treatment if surgery is not required. The treatment plan is shared with the patient.
Surgery Planning: If the doctor prescribes surgery, they plan for surgery. The surgery plan is shared with the patient.
EMR Update: The EMR system is updated with the doctor's notes. This includes the diagnosis, treatment, or surgery plan.
Upload the Correct File:Below is the file for the business process model of the AUST clinic using Camunda. AUST Clinic BPMN Model
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1. Which modifier is exempt from being used in the Medicine
section and why?
2. Please give an example of a code and guideline used in
Chapter 26 Medicine section.
Reference:
Carol J. Buck, Saunders (
The modifier that is exempt from being used in the Medicine section is Modifier 25.
Modifier 25 is used to indicate that a separately identifiable evaluation and management (E/M) service was provided on the same day as a procedure or other service. However, in the Medicine section, Modifier 25 is not applicable. The Medicine section of the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes includes a wide range of services and procedures related to the administration of medications, vaccinations, infusions, and other medical treatments. These codes are not typically associated with separate E/M services.
The reason Modifier 25 is not used in the Medicine section is that the services provided within this section are primarily focused on the administration of medications or treatments, rather than comprehensive evaluation and management encounters. Modifier 25 is intended to distinguish and report a significant, separately identifiable E/M service provided by the same healthcare professional on the same day as a procedure or service.
Example of a code and guideline used in Chapter 26 Medicine section:
One example of a code and guideline used in Chapter 26 (Medicine) is code 90791, which represents an initial psychiatric diagnostic evaluation. This code is used when a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's mental health status and diagnostic assessment is performed by a psychiatrist or qualified mental health professional. The guidelines for this code outline the key elements that should be addressed during the evaluation, including history taking, mental status examination, assessment and diagnosis, and a treatment plan.
It is important to note that the specific codes and guidelines within the Medicine section may vary depending on the edition of the CPT manual being referenced. Therefore, it is recommended to consult the most up-to-date version of the CPT manual for accurate and detailed information regarding the codes and guidelines in Chapter 26.
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Donald has a history of bipolar disorder and has been taking lithium for 4 months. During his clinic visit, he tells you that he does not think he will be taking his lithium anymore because he feels great and is able to function well at his job and at home with his family. He
tells you his wife agrees that he "has this thing licked."
1. What are Donald's needs in terms of teaching?
2. What are the needs of the family?
1. Donald's teaching needs: Understanding the importance of continuing lithium medication for the long-term management of bipolar disorder.
2. Family needs Education on bipolar disorder, support for medication adherence, and fostering a supportive environment.
1. Donald's needs in terms of teaching:
a) Education about the importance of continuing his lithium medication despite feeling well. It is crucial to emphasize that bipolar disorder requires long-term management, and abruptly stopping medication can lead to relapse or worsening of symptoms.
b) Providing information about the potential consequences of discontinuing lithium, such as the risk of mood swings, manic or depressive episodes, and impaired functioning.
c) Discuss the concept of stability and how medication adherence plays a vital role in maintaining stability and preventing relapse.
d) Addressing any misconceptions or concerns Donald may have about lithium or his bipolar disorder, providing accurate information, and clarifying any doubts.
2. Needs of the family:
a) Educating the family about bipolar disorder, its chronic nature, and the importance of ongoing treatment.
b) Emphasizing the role of medication in managing the illness and maintaining stability for Donald's well-being and the overall family dynamics.
c) Offering support and resources to the family, such as information on support groups or therapy options that can help them better understand and cope with the challenges associated with bipolar disorder.
d) Encouraging open communication within the family, allowing them to express their thoughts, concerns, and observations regarding Donald's well-being and treatment decisions.
e) Collaborating with the family to establish a supportive environment that promotes Donald's continued medication adherence and overall mental health.
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When blood levels are low at an area hospital, a call goes out to local residents to give blood. The blood center is interested in determining which sex-males or females- is more likely to respond. Random, independent samples of 60 females and 100 males were each asked if they would be willing to give blood when called by a local hospital. A success is defined as a person who responds to the call and donates blood. The goal is to compare the percentage of success between the male and female responses. What type of analysis should be used? A two independent samples comparison of population proportions. A test of a single population proportion. A two independent samples comparison of population variances. A paired difference comparison of population means. A two independent samples comparison of population means,
A two independent samples comparison of population proportions should be used to determine which sex-males or females- is more likely to respond. A two independent samples comparison of population proportions should be used to determine which sex-males or females- is more likely to respond.
Since we are comparing the percentage of success between the male and female responses and we have two independent samples of different sizes. We have a sample of 60 females and a sample of 100 males. A success is defined as a person who responds to the call and donates blood.
Blood is a specialized body fluid. It has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Blood has many different functions, including: transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues. forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss.
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"Explain the journey of making a medicine, from the
identification of a potentially therapeutic molecule to the
creation of a dosage form that can be sold in a pharmacy. INCLUDE
all aspects of the journal
The journey of making a medicine involves several steps, from identifying a potentially therapeutic molecule to creating a dosage form for sale in pharmacies. The process includes research, preclinical testing, clinical trials, regulatory approval, formulation development, manufacturing, and distribution.
In the initial stages, scientists identify and study potential therapeutic molecules through research and laboratory experiments. Promising molecules then undergo preclinical testing to assess their efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics.
If successful, the molecule proceeds to clinical trials, where it is tested on human subjects in multiple phases. The trial results are submitted to regulatory authorities for approval. Once approved, the pharmaceutical company develops a formulation and conducts rigorous testing for stability and quality control.
The final product is manufactured following Good Manufacturing Practices and distributed to pharmacies for sale. Throughout this process, detailed records are maintained in a journal to document findings, trials, formulation development, manufacturing processes, and regulatory submissions.
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Step 1 Read the case to formulate a priority nursing diagnosis
Step 2 Describe why you chose that diagnosis you did and the reason behind it (include cluster data support, method of prioritization, and Maslow hierarchy)
Mrs. K is a 68-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath. She is unable to walk to her mailbox without becoming very winded.
Her assessment is as follows:
Neuro: A&O x 4, anxious
Cardiac: HR 105 bpm, bounding pulse, jugular venous distention (JVD),
Respiratory: crackles, dry cough, dyspnea on exertion (DOE)
GI: BS normoactive in all 4 quadrants, LBM yesterday
GU: decreased urine output
Peripheral/neurovascular: +3 pitting edema in bilateral lower extremities
Vitals:
T: 98.2 Oral
HR: 105 bpm apically
RR: 24
POX: 87% on RA, 93% on 2LPM nasal cannula
BP: 143/89 left arm
Weight: 185 lb (last visit to PCP in September she was 176 lb)
Labs:
Na: 130 mEq/L
K: 3.6 mEq/L
Mg: 2.2 mEq/L
Cl: 100 mEq/L
Ca: 8.6 mEq/L
She was diagnosed with heart failure and admitted to the med/Surg unit.
One priority nursing diagnosis for Mrs. K would be Ineffective Breathing Pattern.
Mrs. K is 68 years old and presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath. She was diagnosed with heart failure and admitted to the med/Surg unit. From her assessment, her Neuro reveals that she is anxious, cardiac reveals an elevated heart rate, bounding pulse, and jugular venous distention (JVD), Respiratory shows crackles, dry cough, and dyspnea on exertion (DOE), GU reports decreased urine output and peripheral/neurovascular exhibits +3 pitting edema in bilateral lower extremities. Her vital signs also report low oxygen saturation levels.
Ineffective Breathing Pattern is defined as "inspiration and/or expiration that does not provide adequate ventilation." This diagnosis would be appropriate as it describes Mrs. K's shortness of breath and her other respiratory symptoms. Shortness of breath, along with crackles and dry cough, supports this diagnosis. She also has decreased oxygen saturation, which is a priority concern.
The method of prioritization can be based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which is a pyramid of physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs that are needed for humans to progress. Oxygen is necessary for survival, which falls under the physiological needs category of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Therefore, it is vital to prioritize Mrs. K's breathing pattern as it will address her oxygenation needs and support her respiratory status.
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Explain why sleep is such an important part of our daily lives.
Sleep is an essential part of our daily routine as it helps the body to recharge, heal, and grow. Sleep provides various physical, mental, and emotional benefits to our health.
Here are some reasons why sleep is such an important part of our daily lives:
Restores energy and helps the body recover: When we sleep, our body uses that time to repair and regenerate damaged tissues and muscles, which helps to boost our immune system. Adequate sleep also improves our metabolism, enabling our body to convert food into energy more efficiently.
Improves cognitive function:
Sleep helps our brain to consolidate and organize memories, and it also enhances our learning, creativity, and problem-solving abilities. Insufficient sleep can lead to decreased concentration, slower reaction times, and poor decision-making skills
.Supports emotional well-being:
Sleep plays an important role in regulating our emotions and moods. Lack of sleep can lead to irritability, mood swings, and depression, while getting enough sleep can improve our overall emotional well-being
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Q1-Create positive and welcoming impressions in hospitals throughout the facility for patients and families?
Q2-Reflect the diversity of patients and families served and address their unique needs in hospital?
To create positive and welcoming impressions in hospitals, facilities can focus on improving communication, providing personalized care, and fostering a culturally inclusive environment that addresses the unique needs of diverse patients and families.
To create positive and welcoming impressions in hospitals, several strategies can be implemented. Firstly, improving communication is essential. Clear and empathetic communication between healthcare providers, patients, and families helps build trust and understanding. Secondly, providing personalized care is crucial. Tailoring medical treatments, considering patients' preferences and cultural beliefs, and involving families in the decision-making process can enhance patient satisfaction. Lastly, fostering a culturally inclusive environment is important to reflect the diversity of patients and families served. This can be achieved through cultural competence training for staff, employing diverse healthcare providers, and ensuring that hospital policies and practices consider the unique needs and perspectives of different cultural and ethnic groups. By implementing these approaches, hospitals can create a positive and welcoming environment for all patients and families.
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The order is for 1000mL of R/L to run at 90mL per hour. The drop factor is 10gtt/mL. How many gtt/min should the IV run?
The IV should run at approximately 900 gtt/min to deliver 1000 mL of R/L over 11.11 hours at a flow rate of 90 mL/hour with a drop factor of 10 gtt/mL.
To calculate the number of drops per minute (gtt/min) for the intravenous (IV) infusion, we need to consider the volume, flow rate, and drop factor. Here's how you can determine the gtt/min:
Calculate the total time of the infusion:
To find the total time in hours, divide the total volume by the flow rate:
Total Time = Volume (mL) / Flow Rate (mL/hour)
In this case, the total time is:
Total Time = 1000 mL / 90 mL/hour = 11.11 hours
Convert the total time to minutes:
Multiply the total time by 60 to convert it to minutes:
Total Time (minutes) = Total Time (hours) * 60
Total Time (minutes) = 11.11 hours * 60 = 666.67 minutes
Calculate the total number of drops:
Multiply the total time (minutes) by the flow rate (mL/hour) and the drop factor (gtt/mL):
Total Drops = Total Time (minutes) * Flow Rate (mL/hour) * Drop Factor (gtt/mL)
Total Drops = 666.67 minutes * 90 mL/hour * 10 gtt/mL = 600,003 gtt
Calculate the gtt/min:
Divide the total number of drops by the total time (minutes):
gtt/min = Total Drops / Total Time (minutes)
gtt/min = 600,003 gtt / 666.67 minutes ≈ 900 gtt/min
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1. You are working when an amber alert is issued within the facility. You have read the procedures for your facility and know to:
Notify your clinical site supervisor and go to the nearest exit or assigned location.
Detain anyone who looks suspicious.
Report the location of suspicious persons to security.
Get a good description of suspicious person and note the direction of travel.
2. Hospitals and healthcare organizations use a mixture of color codes, code numbers and language in their programs. However, this word is commonly used to designate that an emergency is over. _________
3. Which responses would you use for a computer or electronic medical record outage? (select all that apply)
Verify computers, printers, and WOWs are plugged into red outlets.
Use red emergency phones.
Verify critical patient care equipment is functioning properly.
Reset equipment, if needed, by turning on and off.
Refer to downtime computer and printer on unit.
Locate downtime forms and use if directed.
4. You are working on an orthopedic floor and, when making rounds, you are confronted by a patient threatening others with a knife. He is attempting to cut through this traction device. Select the best response below:
Call the appropriate code and keep patients and visitors away from the area.
Sit down and calmly discuss the situation with the patient.
Get the help from another nurse and attempt to take away the knife.
Leave the room and pull the nearest fire alarm.
Call the hospital operator and ask to speak with security.
5. In the event of a fire, once your safety is assured, the first priority is:
Activate the alarm
Call the fire department
Locate the ABC fire extinguisher on the unit
Rescue any individual threatened by fire
Remain calm
6. When there is an influx of patients from a mass casualty event, a code triage _________ is called
7. There are two major categories of emergencies in healthcare facilities. An internal emergency could include which of the following: (select all that apply)
Fire
Hazardous spill
Flood
Security threat
Tornado
Phone outage
8.Select each of the steps used to demonstrate the PASS technique when discharging a fire extinguisher. (select all that apply)
Sweep spray from side to side
Pull the fire extinguisher off the wall.
Assume a position 5 to 10 feet from the fire.
Pull the pin.
Squeeze the handle.
Aim at the base of the fire.
Stand 5 to 10 feet from the fire.
Activate the ABC extinguisher.
9. A rapid response or emergency medical team is called when a patient's condition is rapidly declining.
True
False
10. Match the code name (left column) to the emergency situation (right column).
Code: Orange < ~~~~~~~> Threatening Individual
Code: Blue < ~~~~~~~~ > Missing Infant or Child
Code: Silver / Code 5 < ~~~~~~~~ > Weapon or Hostage Situation
Code: Gray <~~~~~~~~ > Respiration or Heart Stopped
Code: Amber Alert < ~~~~~~~~~~> Hazardous Spill
1. Where there is a Amber Alert, notify your clinical site supervisor and go to the nearest exit or assigned location.
2. Code - "All Clear"
3. - Verify critical patient care equipment is functioning properly.
- Reset equipment, if needed, by turning on and off.
- Refer to downtime computer and printer on unit.
- Locate downtime forms and use if directed.
4. Call the appropriate code and keep patients and visitors away from the area.
5. Rescue any individual threatened by fire.
6. Code triage "Mass Casualty" is called.
7. - Fire
- Hazardous spill
- Security threat
8. - Pull the pin.
- Aim at the base of the fire.
- Squeeze the handle.
- Sweep spray from side to side.
9. True
10. - Code - Orange - Threatening Individual
- Code - Blue - Missing Infant or Child
- Code - Silver / Code 5 - Weapon or Hostage Situation
- Code - Gray - Respiration or Heart Stopped
- Code - Amber Alert - Hazardous Spill
What is the explanation for the above?1. Amber Alert Response - Notify supervisor, exit facility, report suspicious persons, and gather descriptions. Detain anyone suspicious.
2. "All Clear" designates the end of an emergency in hospitals and healthcare organizations using color codes, code numbers, and language.
3. Computer outage response - Verify equipment, reset if needed, refer to downtime resources/forms, and ensure critical patient care equipment functions.
4. Threatening patient response - Call code, keep others safe, avoid confrontation, and seek help from security or operator.
5. Fire response priority - Ensure personal safety, rescue threatened individuals, activate alarm, call fire department, remain calm.
6. Mass casualty event - Code triage "Mass Casualty" is called to manage the influx of patients.
7. Internal emergency categories - Fire, hazardous spill, security threat. Tornado, flood, phone outage are external emergencies.
8. PASS technique steps - Pull pin, aim at fire base, squeeze handle, sweep spray side to side.
9. True. Rapid response or emergency medical team is called for a rapidly declining patient condition.
10. Code - Orange - Threatening Individual, Blue - Missing Infant/Child, Silver/Code 5 - Weapon/Hostage, Gray - Respiration/Heart Stopped, Amber Alert - Hazardous Spill.
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It is 10:15 am at Pearson Physicians Group, and the office is bustling with activity. The doctors are running behind, all of the examination rooms are full, and nearly every seat in the reception area is occupied. Martha Rhodes, a 68-year-old patient who is new to the practice, has been waiting in the reception area since 9:45 am for her 10:20 am appointment. Chloe Fulgerman, a 27-year-old established patient, has just walked in the door at 10:05 am for her 10:10 am appointment.
Jake, a Registered Medical Assistant, opens the door from the back office and calls for Chloe to be seen next. As soon as Chloe is through the door, Martha stands up and heads straight to the check-in desk to speak with Maggie, who is working at the computer. "Excuse me; I'd like to know how someone who just walked in the door gets to be seen before me? I've been waiting here for the past 20 minutes," she says, obviously not very pleased. "Mrs. Rhodes, you have a while to wait yet. Your appointment isn't scheduled for another 10 minutes," Maggie responds in a polite but matter-of-fact tone.
"I know my appointment is at 10:20. I am simply saying it isn't fair for others to be seen first when the rest of us have been waiting patiently," says Mrs. Rhodes. Maggie then points out, "Our office policy, which is clearly stated on the sign hanging on the wall, is that patients are seen according to their scheduled appointment time and not by the order in which they arrive."
Question content area bottom
Part 1
Review the first boldface statement. How might Maggie have responded differently in order to help alleviate Mrs. Rhodes's anxiety about the wait?
Maggie could have responded differently in order to help alleviate Mrs. Rhodes's anxiety about the wait by acknowledging her frustration and explaining the reasons behind the office's policy.
"Mrs. Rhodes, I understand that waiting can be frustrating, and I apologize for the inconvenience. The reason Chloe was called in first is because our office follows a scheduled appointment system.
While the order in which patients arrive is important, it is also important to honor the scheduled appointment times to ensure that everyone receives the necessary attention and care. This helps us provide the best possible service to all our patients. I apologize if this wasn't clearly communicated to you.
I understand that you have been waiting patiently, and I appreciate your understanding. Rest assured that you will be seen at your scheduled time, and our staff will do their best to make sure your appointment goes smoothly. If you have any concerns or questions during your wait, please feel free to let me know, and I'll do my best to assist you.
We value your time and want to ensure that your visit to our office is as efficient and comfortable as possible. Thank you for your patience, and please let me know if there's anything else I can do to assist you."
By acknowledging Mrs. Rhodes's frustration, explaining the office's policy, and offering assistance, Maggie can help alleviate her anxiety about the wait. This response shows empathy, provides information, and reassures Mrs. Rhodes that her concerns are being heard and taken seriously.
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Three care managers at Quadrangle Sunrise Senior Living Center, a 143-bed facility in Pennsylvania, were charged with aggravated assault, simple assault, criminal conspiracy, harassment, neglect of a care-dependent person, and related crimes for taunting and physically abusing Lois McCallister, a 78-year-old dementia patient, for 12 minutes and blocking her door when she tried to escape. McCallister's family contacted Quadrangle administrators in March after she complained of being punched and slapped, but said they were told the allegations were products of McCallister's dementia. The relatives then installed a camera disguised as a clock in her room and turned over the resulting video to police.
1) Was there corporate negligence in this case? Apply the 4 legal elements of negligence to the facts for the "corporation" following my feedback from Week 2. Note: I'm NOT asking about the "care managers" here. Make sure your writing follows the format below.
Duty to use due care - (Establish the duty to care and what the duty is)
Standard of care/breach of duty - (describe what the standard of care is and apply the facts to breach of duty)
Injury/actual damages - (apply the facts - what are the injuries/damages in this case)
Causation - (apply the facts by discussing both but for causation and foreseeability)
2) Assume that the court found no direct corporate negligence. What other legal theory could Quadrangle be held liable under?
3) Think about potential liability for its parent company, Sunrise Senior Living of McLean, Va. Under what circumstances and legal theory could the parent company's governing board be held liable for Quadrangle Sunrise Senior Living Center's negligence?
There may be corporate negligence in this case, as Quadrangle Sunrise Senior Living Center potentially breached its duty of care by failing to address the complaints of abuse made by McCallister's family and dismissing them as products of her dementia. The resulting injuries and damages suffered by McCallister are evident from the video evidence. Causation can be established by showing that, but for the negligence of Quadrangle Sunrise Senior Living Center, McCallister would not have suffered the abuse and harm she did.
Quadrangle Sunrise Senior Living Center had a duty to use due care in providing a safe and appropriate environment for its residents, including McCallister. The duty of care required the facility to reasonably address and investigate any complaints of abuse or mistreatment made by residents or their families. In this case, the family of McCallister contacted Quadrangle administrators in March, reporting allegations of physical abuse. However, the facility failed to adequately respond to these complaints and instead dismissed them as products of McCallister's dementia, thus breaching the duty of care.
The standard of care in this situation would involve promptly investigating and addressing the allegations, ensuring the safety and well-being of the residents. Quadrangle Sunrise Senior Living Center's failure to take appropriate action amounts to a breach of duty.
The injuries and damages suffered by McCallister are evident from the video evidence obtained by her family. The video shows taunting, physical abuse, and the care managers blocking her escape from the room. These actions caused emotional distress, physical harm, and a violation of her rights as a care-dependent person, constituting actual damages.
Causation can be established by demonstrating that the negligence of Quadrangle Sunrise Senior Living Center was the direct cause of McCallister's injuries and damages. But for the facility's failure to address the complaints and take appropriate action, McCallister would not have suffered the abuse and harm she did. Furthermore, it was reasonably foreseeable that neglecting such complaints and allowing abusive behavior to continue could result in harm to the residents.
2) If the court found no direct corporate negligence, Quadrangle could still be held liable under the theory of vicarious liability or respondeat superior. Vicarious liability holds employers responsible for the wrongful acts committed by their employees within the scope of their employment. In this case, the care managers who taunted and abused McCallister were employees of Quadrangle Sunrise Senior Living Center. If their actions were deemed to be within the scope of their employment, Quadrangle could be held liable for their actions, even if the corporation itself was not directly negligent.
3) The parent company, Sunrise Senior Living of McLean, Va., could potentially be held liable for the negligence of Quadrangle Sunrise Senior Living Center under the theory of corporate liability. To establish this, it would need to be shown that Sunrise Senior Living, through its governing board, exercised control over the operations and policies of Quadrangle. If it can be proven that the parent company's governing board had the authority to establish protocols and procedures for addressing complaints of abuse, and failed to do so, resulting in the harm suffered by McCallister, the board could be held liable for the negligence of Quadrangle. However, it is important to consult with legal professionals to evaluate the specific circumstances and applicable laws in order to determine the viability of such a claim.
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