The prevalence of child undernutrition and stunting in the United States is relatively low compared to many other countries, but it still remains a significant issue affecting certain populations, such as low-income families and communities.
a nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of new parents and is planning to discuss nutrition during the first year. as part of the presentation, the nurse is planning to address foods that should be avoided to reduce the risk of possible food allergies. which foods would the nurse most likely include? select all that apply.
The following are the foods that are most likely to cause allergic reactions in children:
PeanutsTree nutsFishShellfishMilkEggsWheatSoyThese foods should be avoided until the child is older and has had the opportunity to build up a stronger immune system that can better tolerate allergens.
A nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of new parents and is planning to discuss nutrition during the first year. As part of the presentation, the nurse is planning to address foods that should be avoided to reduce the risk of possible food allergies.
What are allergies?Allergies are caused by a hypersensitive immune system's reaction to a usually harmless substance. These substances can be encountered in food, medication, insect stings or bites, dust, animal dander, or pollen.
An allergen is a substance that causes an allergic response when it comes into contact with the immune system. The body's immune system generates chemicals that cause allergic symptoms when it detects an allergen.
These can range from mild to severe, depending on the person and the allergen involved. Allergic reactions can manifest as sneezing, rashes, hives, itching, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening.
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"a nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of new parents and is planning to discuss nutrition during the first year. as part of the presentation, the nurse is planning to address foods that should be avoided to reduce the risk of possible food allergies. which foods would the nurse most likely include? select all that apply."
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while triaging a pediatric patient, the triage nurse uses the mnemonic sample when eliciting a history. what is an appropriate question for the letter l?
When triaging a pediatric patient, an appropriate question for the letter "L" when using the SAMPLE mnemonic is "What is the patient's last oral intake?"
What is the SAMPLE mnemonic?The SAMPLE mnemonic is a tool used by healthcare providers, particularly nurses, during the initial assessment and triaging of patients. It is an acronym that stands for the following:
S - Signs and SymptomsA - AllergiesM - MedicationsP - Past medical historyL - Last oral intakeE - Events leading up to the injury or illnessUsing this tool can help providers gather information about the patient's medical history, allergies, medications, and more. It is particularly useful in emergency situations or when dealing with patients who are unable to communicate their medical history themselves. When triaging a pediatric patient, the nurse can use the SAMPLE mnemonic to gather important information about the patient's history.
Therefore, an appropriate question for the letter "L" would be "What is the patient's last oral intake?" This is important information to gather in order to determine if the patient is at risk for dehydration or other complications.
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what type of study would not be included in evidence-based practice if the nurses were looking for quantitative research?
Quantitative research is usually not included in evidence-based practice if nurses are looking for quantitative research, as qualitative research is more suitable.
Qualitative research studies, which focus on the meaning of events or experiences and the interpretation of data, would not be included in evidence-based practice as it does not meet the criteria for quantitative research, which measures the strength and direction of relationships between variables.
Qualitative research is a type of exploratory research that is often used to generate hypotheses and uncover meanings, themes, and patterns.
In summary, quantitative research studies are the type of studies that are included in evidence-based practice as they provide the most accurate and objective data to inform healthcare decisions. Qualitative research studies are not included in evidence-based practice as they do not provide the necessary accuracy or objectivity.
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a college football player is brought to the emergency room by paramedics after a blunt trauma injury received during game. there is a high suspicion that the patient has sustained an injury to his kidneys from being tackled from behind. the emergency room nurse caring for the patient reviews the initial orders written by the health care provider and notes that an order has been written to collect all voided urine and send it to the laboratory for analysis. the nurse understands that this nursing intervention is important because:
The nurse understands that collecting all voided urine and sending it to the laboratory for analysis is an important nursing intervention because it can help diagnose a potential kidney injury. Urine tests can detect the presence of blood and protein in the urine, which can indicate a kidney injury.
Additionally, laboratory analysis of urine can also detect the presence of abnormal cells, providing further insight into the patient's condition.
To ensure the accuracy of the test results, the nurse should use strict guidelines when collecting and handling the urine. First, the nurse should collect all the urine voided by the patient, including the initial urine stream and any subsequent urine that is voided. If possible, the nurse should avoid the use of a catheter to collect the sample as this can introduce microorganisms and other contaminants into the sample.
Once the sample has been received by the laboratory, the urine should be tested according to the appropriate standards and protocols. The laboratory should use analytical techniques such as microscopic examination, chemical tests, and cell counts to detect any abnormalities in the sample. Results should be reported back to the health care provider, who can use them to make decisions regarding the patient's diagnosis and treatment.
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which clinical manifestation would the nurse observe in an older client diagnosed with major depressive disorder? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses
Clinical manifestations that the nurse would observe in major depressive disorder client are:
2. decreased appetite3. neglect of personal hygiene4. 'I don't know' answers to questions5. 'I can't remember' answers to questionsMajor depressive disorder is a common mental health condition in older adults that can lead to a range of symptoms. Decreased appetite and neglect of personal hygiene are both common physical manifestations of depression, while 'I don't know' and 'I can't remember' responses to questions can indicate cognitive impairment or memory loss associated with depression.
These symptoms can significantly impact an older adult's quality of life and may require targeted interventions and support from healthcare providers and caregivers.
This question should be provided with the options, which are:
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sickle crisis requires immediate medical attention. this medical condition is characterized by .
Sickle crisis is a complication of sickle cell disease, a genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells. In a sickle crisis, the abnormal sickle-shaped cells can become trapped in blood vessels, causing blockages and reducing the flow of oxygen to the affected tissues.
This can lead to a range of symptoms, including severe pain, swelling, and tissue damage. Sickle crises can occur suddenly and without warning, and require immediate medical attention. Treatment typically involves providing oxygen and fluids, and managing pain with medications. In severe cases, blood transfusions may be necessary to improve oxygen delivery to the tissues. Preventing sickle crises involves managing sickle cell disease with ongoing medical care and close monitoring of symptoms.
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a client with an exceptionally low body mass index has been admitted to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of hypothermia. the nurse should know that this client's susceptibility to heat loss is related to atrophy of what skin component?
The nurse should know that this client's susceptibility to heat loss is related to the atrophy of adipose tissue, which serves as an insulator to retain heat.
When adipose tissue atrophies, heat loss increases, putting a person at a higher risk for hypothermia. Hypothermia is a medical emergency that occurs when the body's temperature drops below the normal range, which is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. A low BMI is one of the factors that puts a person at risk for hypothermia, particularly if the BMI is below 18.5.
According to research, hypothermia is a major concern among underweight people, since they lack adequate insulation and are unable to produce sufficient body heat. Atrophy of adipose tissue, which serves as an insulator to retain heat, is responsible for this.
Hence, when adipose tissue atrophies, heat loss increases, putting a person at a higher risk for hypothermia.
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a nurse performs a respiratory assessment on a client and notes the respiratory rate to be 8 breaths per minute. the nurse knows the proper term for this rate is what?
The proper term for a respiratory rate of 8 breaths per minute is bradypnea. Bradypnea is a term used to describe abnormally slow breathing, which is typically defined as a respiratory rate of less than 12 breaths per minute.
Bradypnea can be caused by a variety of factors, including certain medications, neurological disorders, and respiratory muscle weakness. In some cases, it may also be a symptom of a more serious medical condition, such as a brain injury, hypothyroidism, or carbon monoxide poisoning.
If a nurse observes bradypnea in a client, it is important to further assess the client's respiratory function and identify any underlying causes. Treatment may involve addressing the underlying condition or providing respiratory support, such as oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation.
Overall, prompt recognition and management of bradypnea is important to prevent further respiratory compromise and improve the client's outcomes.
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in which order would the nurse follow steps of risk management to identify potential hazards and eliminate them before harm occurs
The nurse should follow the following steps of risk management in order to identify and eliminate potential hazards before harm occurs:
IdentificationAssessmentEvaluationInterventionMonitoring
Risk management is a process that aims to identify and eliminate potential hazards that could cause harm. It involves a series of steps, which must be followed in order.
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a community health nurse is preparing a presentation for a health fair on the topics of planning for a pregnancy. which major goal has the nurse determined should be accomplished with this presentation?
The major goal of the nurse's presentation on planning for pregnancy should be to educate and empower the audience to make informed decisions about their reproductive health and to promote healthy pregnancy outcomes.
The major goal of the presentation for a health fair on the topics of planning for a pregnancy is to educate and empower individuals to make informed decisions regarding their reproductive health. The presentation should provide essential information about the importance of pre-conception health care, the process of becoming pregnant, and the risks associated with pregnancy. It should also cover topics such as prenatal nutrition, warning signs of potential health issues, and any available resources or support.
By understanding the process and risks associated with pregnancy, individuals are better equipped to plan for and make healthy decisions concerning their reproductive health. Additionally, individuals should have the knowledge and skills to recognize any potential health issues and access resources or seek medical attention when necessary.
Overall, the nurse’s goal is to equip participants of the health fair with the information necessary to make informed decisions about their reproductive health, and ultimately improve their health outcomes.
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refer to exhibit 12-3. if the proportion of patients that are cured is independent of whether the patient received medication then the expected frequency of those who received medication and were cured is . a. 48 b. 70 c. 28 d. 150
The expected frequency of those who received medication and were cured is 70, given that the proportion of patients that are cured is independent of whether the patient received medication.
A contingency table, often known as a cross-tabulation table, is a table that summarizes data from two or more categorical variables, generally in tabular form, allowing patterns to be detected. The table is used to provide an overview of the distribution of one variable in relation to the other variable.
It is used to help identify relationships between the variables, for hypothesis testing, and for statistical analyses. The table has rows and columns, where each row represents the categories of one variable, while each column represents the categories of the other variable. The intersection of each row and column gives the frequency or count of the number of times that each combination of categories occurs.
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which event would require a nurse to complete and file an incident report? the nurse, preparing an intravenous infusion, notes that the battery of an intravenous infusion pump is not working.
An incident report would be required by the nurse preparing an intravenous infusion, who notices that the battery of an intravenous infusion pump is not working. The goal of an incident report is to gather accurate and objective information about the event or problem, which can be used to learn from the event and help prevent similar events in the future.
The report should have the following information:
a precise summary of the occurrence, including what happened and when who was present, and any information that may have contributed to the event a clear and thorough explanation of the patient's symptoms,the treatment received, and the outcome of the incident (if any).The report should be filed as soon as possible after the incident is discovered, usually within 24 hours. It is important to note that an incident report is not a punitive document; rather, it is a learning opportunity for healthcare practitioners and organizations to improve their practices, identify potential problems, and take corrective action where necessary.
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which precautions are shared with family members who will be assisting the patient with application of nitro patches
The precautions that should be shared with family members who will be assisting the patient must wash hands, wear gloves, do not use scissors, Remove old patch
The precautions that should be shared with family members who will be assisting the patient with the application of nitro patches are as follows:Wash hands: It is necessary to wash the hands before and after the application of nitro patches.Wear gloves: Wearing gloves is essential to avoid direct contact with the medicine.Do not touch the patch: It is essential not to touch the patch with the fingers because the medicine can be absorbed through the skin.Do not use scissors: Do not use scissors to cut the patch. Instead, tear it gently from the packet and make sure it is not damaged.Remove old patch: Remove the old patch before applying a new one. It is essential to avoid skin irritation and ensure proper medication administration.Apply on the right area: The patch must be placed on the chest, upper arm, or thigh.The area must be clean and dry.Avoid sun exposure: Avoid exposing the patch to sunlight as it may reduce the efficacy of the medication.Check expiry date: Always check the expiry date of the patch before applying it. Expired patches must be discarded.Proper disposal: Dispose of used patches in a sealed container. Do not throw them in the trash. The family members should follow these precautions while applying nitro patches to avoid any adverse effects on the patient.
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when considering teh benefit of pharmacogenomics, what information shoudl the provider iclude when prescribing a new medication?
The provider should include information about a patient's genetic makeup when prescribing a new medication as part of pharmacogenomics. This will help the provider determine the most effective dose and form of the drug, as well as any potential adverse reactions the patient may experience.
The provider should also consider any potential drug-drug interactions that may occur, as well as any hereditary or environmental factors that may affect the efficacy of the medication. It is important for the provider to understand the patient's genetic makeup to ensure the best possible outcomes.
Pharmacogenomics is the study of how a person's genes can impact their response to medications. By analyzing a patient's genetic makeup, providers can determine how certain medications will be metabolized and if there may be any genetic factors that could impact their effectiveness or risk of side effects. This information can help to inform treatment decisions and create personalized treatment plans for individual patients.
Overall, pharmacogenomics can be a valuable tool in helping providers create personalized treatment plans for their patients. By taking into account a patient's genetics, providers can make more informed decisions about medications and reduce the risk of negative outcomes.
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the nurse is discussing risk factors of an aneurysm. what should be included? select all that apply.
Answer: The nurse should discuss the following risk factors of an aneurysm: smoking, hypertension, family history, and age.
What is an aneurysm?
An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge that forms in the wall of an artery or vein. It can grow and press on surrounding organs or tissues, resulting in symptoms such as pain, numbness, or weakness. If an aneurysm ruptures, it can cause life-threatening internal bleeding.
What are the risk factors of an aneurysm?
Age: Aneurysms are more common in older adults than in younger people, and the risk increases with age.
Smoking: Smoking can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of developing an aneurysm.
Hypertension: High blood pressure can weaken blood vessels and make them more likely to develop an aneurysm.
Family history: If someone in your family has had an aneurysm, you may be at increased risk of developing one.
Genetics: Some genetic conditions, such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, can increase the risk of aneurysms.
Other risk factors include head trauma, infection, and certain medical conditions, such as atherosclerosis or peripheral artery disease.
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a nurse is assessing a newborn and observes webbing of the fingers and toes. the nurse documents this finding as:
Answer:
The nurse documents this finding as syndactyly.
The nurse is documenting a finding of syndactyly, which is the medical term for webbing between the fingers and toes.
Webbing between the fingers and toes is a congenital abnormality that can occur in newborns and can affect any or all of the fingers and toes. In mild cases, the skin between the digits may only be slightly adhered and can be easily separated, while in more severe cases, the digits may be partially fused.
Syndactyly is usually diagnosed upon physical examination of the newborn and is documented in the newborn’s medical records. Treatment for syndactyly varies based on the severity of the webbing and may include surgery to separate the digits, if necessary. If surgery is not performed, the webbing may resolve on its own as the child grows. Early intervention is important, as surgery is generally easier to perform on infants.
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a nurse is administering digoxin to a 3-year-old child. what would be a reason to hold the dose of digoxin?
One reason to hold the dose of digoxin in a 3-year-old child is if the child's heart rate is below the recommended range.
Digoxin is a medication used to treat heart conditions, and it works by increasing the strength and efficiency of the heart's contractions. However, if the child's heart rate is too slow, giving digoxin can further decrease the heart rate and cause harm.
Therefore, the nurse should check the child's heart rate before administering the medication. If the heart rate is below the recommended range, the nurse should hold the dose and notify the healthcare provider.
It is important to closely monitor the child's heart rate and adjust the medication dosage as needed to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes and avoid potential complications.
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the patient with type 1 diabetes is exhibiting kussmaul respirations, anorexia, fatigue, and increased thirst. which condition should the clinician manage?
The patient with Type 1 Diabetes is exhibiting Kussmaul respirations, anorexia, fatigue, and increased thirst, the clinician should manage the diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) condition in this case.
DKA is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes caused by a shortage of insulin in the body, resulting in a buildup of ketones in the blood.
Symptoms of DKA include Kussmaul respirations, anorexia, fatigue, and increased thirst, as well as nausea and vomiting, rapid heartbeat, and fruity breath odor.
Treatment of DKA usually involves replenishment of fluids and electrolytes, and administration of insulin.
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which role requires the nurse to prioritize when implementing a primary nursing model of client care? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be
The primary nursing model of client care involves assigning a primary nurse who is responsible for the client's care throughout their stay in the healthcare facility. The role of the primary nurse includes: Prioritizing patient care, Coordination of care , Developing a care plan, Providing education.
Prioritizing patient care: This includes assessing the patient's immediate needs and determining the order in which care should be provided.
Coordination of care: This includes communicating with the healthcare team about the patient's progress, changes in their condition, and any new developments.
Developing a care plan: The primary nurse must work with the patient and other healthcare professionals to develop a care plan that addresses the patient's needs and goals. The care plan should be regularly reviewed and updated based on the patient's progress.
Providing education: This includes providing information about medications, medical procedures, and lifestyle changes.
Overall, the primary nurse plays a crucial role in ensuring that the patient receives high-quality, individualized care that meets their needs and promotes their health and well-being.
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which finding would help confirm the nurse's suspicion that a client may have meningitis after surgery for a brain tumor?
A confirmed diagnosis of meningitis after surgery for a brain tumor can be confirmed through lab findings such as, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, which should show a higher than normal number of (WBCs) in the fluid.
Additionally, a culture of the CSF may demonstrate the presence of specific bacteria or fungi which would be a confirmation of infection.
The presence of abnormal proteins or increased sugar content in the CSF are also indicative of infection.
Imaging studies such as a CT or MRI scan may also reveal an increased amount of fluid in the area surrounding the brain, which could indicate inflammation in the meninges.
Other symptoms that may indicate meningitis include fever, headaches, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, confusion, and drowsiness.
In the case of meningitis, the nurse should always contact the doctor to discuss further treatment.
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a patient diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease reports daily symptoms of dyspnea and cough. which medication will the primary health care provider prescribe?
It is the primary health care provider who will determine which medication to prescribe to the patient. A patient diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and experiencing daily symptoms of dyspnea and cough, may be prescribed with medication such as bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a disease characterized by reduced airflow that makes breathing difficult. It's caused by chronic bronchitis and emphysema, two lung disorders. Chronic bronchitis is a long-term inflammation of the bronchi, which are the tubes that bring air to the lungs, while emphysema is the destruction of the alveoli, or air sacs, in the lungs. Bronchodilators for COPD Bronchodilators are medications that help open up the airways in the lungs.
They relax the muscles surrounding the bronchial tubes, allowing more air to pass through. They're commonly used to relieve shortness of breath caused by COPD. Bronchodilators are given as inhalers, nebulizers, and tablets. Inhaled Corticosteroids for COPD Inhaled corticosteroids are medications that reduce inflammation in the airways. These medications are commonly used to treat asthma, but they can also be used to treat COPD. Inhaled corticosteroids are usually given with a bronchodilator.
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for COPD Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are medications that help relax the muscles around the airways. They're used to relieve shortness of breath caused by COPD. They're usually given as tablets. Therefore, it is the primary health care provider who will determine which medication to prescribe to the patient.
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which parameter would the nurse focus on during the inital assessment phase for a client with panic disorder an \
The nurse should focus on the patient's psychological and physical parameters during the initial assessment phase for a client with panic disorder. This assessment should include the patient's current symptoms, history of symptoms, mental and physical health, lifestyle, family and social history, and environmental factors that may be triggering or exacerbating the patient's condition.
The nurse should begin by asking the patient about the current panic symptoms they are experiencing, such as difficulty breathing, heart palpitations, sweating, dizziness, trembling, and feeling out of control. The nurse should then ask about the history of the panic attacks, including their frequency, duration, and triggers.
The nurse should also ask about the patient's mental and physical health, any medications they are taking, and any other medical conditions they have. The nurse should also assess the patient's lifestyle, including diet, exercise, and sleep habits. Finally, the nurse should ask about the patient's family and social history, as well as any environmental factors that may be contributing to the panic attacks.
By focusing on the patient's psychological and physical parameters during the initial assessment phase, the nurse can gain valuable insight into the patient's condition and determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
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if not chosen as the first drug in hypertension treatment, which drug class should be added as a second step because it will enhance the efforts of most other agents?
Diuretics should be added as a second step in hypertension treatment if they are not chosen as the first drug class since they help enhance the efforts of most other agents.
Diuretics are a class of drugs that can be used to treat hypertension, and they are particularly effective when combined with other medications. They work by increasing the production of urine, which helps remove excess salt and water from the body.
Diuretics help lower blood pressure by reducing the amount of water in the body, which can help reduce the volume of blood in the circulatory system. Diuretics are often used in combination with other medications to help lower blood pressure, and they are particularly effective when combined with ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, or calcium channel blockers.
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a client on corticosteroid therapy needs to be taught that a course of corticosteroids of 2 weeks' duration can suppress the adrenal cortex for how long?
If a client is on corticosteroid therapy for a prolonged period of time, the adrenal cortex can be suppressed because corticosteroids mimic the effects of natural steroids .
In general , the duration of adrenal after corticosteroids will vary depending on the dose, duration of therapy. While the course of corticosteroids lasting two weeks can suppress the adrenal cortex for up to several weeks after the medication is stopped.
Also, corticosteroid therapy have many potential risks and side effects of like adrenal suppression. Clients should work closely and healthcare provider should determine proper therapy and doses for any signs of adrenal suppression s. If adrenal suppression is suspected, the client's healthcare provider may recommend tapering off the medication .
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which organization published the code of ethics for nurses that provides provisions for eliminating discriminatory practices against patients and nurses?
The organization which published the Code of Ethics for Nurses, which provides provisions for eliminating discriminatory practices against patients and nurses, is The American Nurses Association (ANA)
The American Nurses Association (ANA) is a professional organization that promotes and protects the rights, health, and safety of nurses in the United States. The ANA advances the nursing profession through its influence on health policy, standards of nursing practice, and promotion of best practices. The organization also serves as an advocate for patient safety and quality health care and provides information on a wide range of topics of interest to nurses.
The ANA provides education and professional development for nurses at all levels. It also offers a variety of certification options for registered nurses and advanced practice nurses. The organization is an accredited provider of continuing education and offers certification programs in a variety of nursing specialties. The ANA also publishes several journals, including American Nurse Today and the Journal of Nursing Regulation.
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which tactor would the nurse assess for in a patient suspected to be at risk for gl problems? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
The nurse can assess a range of factors in a patient suspected to be at risk for GL problems like: family history, age, vision, etc.
These factors include the following:Family history and previous glaucoma diagnosisThe nurse can assess whether the patient has a family history of glaucoma or has previously been diagnosed with glaucoma. If the patient has a family history of the condition, the nurse can recommend regular eye exams to monitor the health of the patient's eyes.
Elevated intraocular pressureThe nurse can check the patient's intraocular pressure. Elevated intraocular pressure can be an early indicator of glaucoma. The nurse can use a tonometer to measure the pressure in the patient's eyes.
AgeThe nurse can assess the patient's age. Older individuals are at a higher risk of developing glaucoma.
Poor blood flowThe nurse can assess the patient's blood pressure and circulation. Poor blood flow can increase the risk of glaucoma.
A healthy lifestyleThe nurse can assess whether the patient leads a healthy lifestyle. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and not smoking can help prevent glaucoma.
VisionThe nurse can also ask the patient about any vision changes, such as blurred vision or blind spots. Early detection of glaucoma can help prevent vision loss.
Overall, the nurse can assess these factors in a patient suspected to be at risk for GL problems.
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a hospital client has experienced a seizure. in the immediate recovery period, what action best protects the client's safety?
Answer:
Placing the client in a side-lying position.
Explanation:
This will help the patient breathe.
a nurse is monitoring a client with a resting heart rate of 120 beats/min who has been diagnosed with sinus tachycardia, which can result from a change in which characteristic of cardiac cells?
Sinus tachycardia can result from a change in which characteristics of cardiac cells: in the automaticity of the cardiac cells.
Sinus tachycardia is an abnormally fast resting heart rate, usually greater than 100 beats per minute. It can be caused by a change in the automaticity of the cardiac cells, which is the ability of the cells to spontaneously generate an action potential.
This property is important in the regulation of heart rate, as cardiac cells with greater automaticity will generate a greater number of action potentials, resulting in a faster heart rate. This can lead to sinus tachycardia in certain cases. When the cardiac cells become more excitable, it is called positive automaticity, which will cause the heart rate to speed up.
Alternatively, negative automaticity will decrease the excitability of the cells and result in a slower heart rate. Therefore, sinus tachycardia can be caused by a change in the automaticity of the cardiac cells, resulting in a higher excitability and a faster heart rate.
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a client with myasthenia gravis is to receive immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids. which mechnaism of action assures the nruse that this therapy will be efeftive
Corticosteroids have an immunosuppressive action which is why clients with Myasthenia Gravis (MG) receive immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids. The mechanism of action that ensures the nurse that this therapy will be effective is the suppression of immune response.
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that causes the breakdown of communication between nerves and muscles leading to weakness and fatigue of muscles. Symptoms usually affect the skeletal muscles, particularly those that control eye movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing. However, muscle weakness may spread to other parts of the body including the neck, limbs, and respiratory muscles, which may cause respiratory failure and death.
Corticosteroids are drugs that mimic the actions of the adrenal hormone cortisol. They are effective in reducing inflammation and immune system activity that causes inflammation. They are widely used in the treatment of a range of inflammatory and immune system disorders. The effectiveness of corticosteroids in treating autoimmune diseases like MG is due to their ability to suppress immune response.Corticosteroids work by suppressing the immune response, which is responsible for causing inflammation and damage to body tissues in autoimmune diseases like MG. By suppressing immune response, corticosteroids prevent the body from attacking itself and hence prevent or reduce the damage to the tissues. This mechanism of action ensures that the nurse that this therapy will be effective for clients with MG.
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in a report, the night nurse tells the incoming nurse that one client with dementia. which nursing concern will the nurse identify to address the client's sundowning syndrome?
The night nurse should identify the need to create a calming and familiar environment to help the client with dementia address their sundowning syndrome.
Sundowning Syndrome is a type of behavioral disorder that can occur in individuals who have dementia. It is characterized by increased confusion and agitation in the late afternoon and evening, which can lead to a worsening of symptoms like disorientation, anxiety, and mood swings. It can cause difficulty sleeping and increased aggression.
Sundowning Syndrome is thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including the disruption of the circadian rhythm and an imbalance of hormones and neurotransmitters. Treatment typically involves the use of medications and behavior therapy. Additionally, environmental changes such as providing a comforting and familiar setting and managing lighting can help reduce sundowning episodes.
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