Health science students study disability law because all fields of study require classes in disability law and students need to know how to arrange special accommodations for patients with disabilities.
Many disabled people are alive these days because of medical intervention. The goal of teaching health science students in incapacity studies is to arrange a cohort of attention professionals who perceive the importance of individuality and integrate it into their daily interaction with those they serve.
The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 is a disability law which holds responsibility upon the suitable governments to require effective measures to make sure that the persons with disabilities get their rights equally with others.
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the nurse is responsible for monitoring cardiovascular function in a postoperative patient. what method can the nurse use to measure cardiovascular function?
Central venous pressure is the method that can the nurse use to measure cardiovascular function for a nurse that is responsible for monitoring cardiovascular function in a postoperative patient.
Preload and right atrial pressure may be inferred from central venous pressure, which measures the pressure in the vena cava. In the critical care unit in particular, central venous pressure is frequently utilized as a measure of hemodynamic state.
Central venous pressure is regulated by a number of organ systems. Total blood volume and the compliance of the central venous compartment are both factors that affect the central venous pressure, which is a direct estimate of the right atrial pressure.
A central venous catheter can be used to assess the central venous pressure after being inserted into the superior vena cava close to the right atrium through the internal jugular vein. The range of 8 to 12 mmHg is considered to be normal for central venous pressure.
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when a hospitalized child develops a rash that covers the trunk and extremities, the nurse notes in the history
Place the child in a private room on strict isolation is the nurse's most appropriate intervention for a hospitalized child that develops exanthema (rash) that covers the trunk and the extremities which was exposed to varicella 2 weeks ago.
Varicella (chickenpox) is a contagious illness with a rapid onset. It is brought on by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a DNA virus that belongs to the herpesvirus family.
After the first infection, VZV remains dormant in the body (in the sensory nerve ganglia). Varicella is a primary infection with the VZV. Herpes zoster is brought on by the latent infection reactivating (shingles).
Exanthema in a child must be diagnosed and then the youngster must be kept in complete isolation. The extremities only get a scant rash from varicella, but the trunk develops a copious rash. There is a 14 to 21-day incubation period.
By isolating the kid until a more accurate diagnosis and course of treatment are determined, it is crucial to stop the spread of this contagious condition.
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Question correction:
A hospitalized child develops exanthema (rash) that covers the trunk and the extremities. The nurse reviews the child’s health history and notes that the child was exposed to varicella 2 weeks ago. The most appropriate nursing intervention is to?
a client with schizophrenia is experiencing delusions. the client states, "my face is melting and my nose is about to fall off. don't let it fall off!" the nurse interprets this statement as which type of delusion?
The nurse interprets this statement of patient with schizophrenia as nihilistic type of delusion. The correct option is B.
What is nihilistic type of delusion?Nihilism is the renowned that all values are not having any foundation and that nothing could be identified or communicated.
It is immensely linked with extreme pessimism as well as a radical skepticism of presence.
The most common type of delusional disorder is persecutory delusional disorder, which occurs when a person believes others are out to harm them despite evidence to the contrary.
A best way to cope with nihilism is to compare it to the polar opposite probabilities.
A situation in which life has perfect meaning, perfect happiness, no sorrow or injustice, and where nature's progress ensures this in every way.
Thus, the correct option is b as it is the one that can interpret schizophrenia.
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Your question seems incomplete, the missing options are:
A.) grandiose
B.) nihilistic
C.) persecutory
D.) somatic
How a drug exists is an important fact to consider. For instance, compared to smoking cocaine in the form of "crack", how will Indigenous South Americans who chew coca leaves absorb cocaine?
Indigenous South Americans who chew coca leaves absorb cocaine:
Slowly over a long period.
Dispelling Myths Regarding Coca Leaves
It's not cocaine.
It's important to note that there are many myths about the coca leaf before we begin chewing. First off, coca leaves have nothing at all in common with cocaine. They're more akin to an espresso shot, assuming the caffeine high lasted the entire day. You might start to perspire, feel your heart rate increase, and get the sudden impulse to climb a mountain. Your mouth could also get numb.
Cocaine, sometimes known as coke, is a potent stimulant derived from the coca plant in South America. Crack is cocaine that has been transformed with baking soda or ammonia into a substance that resembles rock. Both are potent stimulants with a significant potential for addiction. Many individuals are confused about the differences between crack and cocaine since the two narcotics are so similar. These variations mostly relate to how people prepare and use the two medications.
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Mr. Wingate is a newly enrolled Medicare Part D beneficiary and one of your clients. In addition to drugs on his plan’s formulary he takes several other medications. These include a prescription drug not on his plan’s formulary, over-the-counter medications for colds and allergies, vitamins, and drugs from an Internet-based Canadian pharmacy to promote hair growth and reduce joint swelling. His neighbor recently told him about a concept called TrOOP and he asks you if any of his other medications could count toward TrOOP should he ever reach the Part D catastrophic limit. What should you say?
The thing that I will say is that none of the costs of the other medications would currently count toward TrOOP but he can ask his plan for an exception in order to cover the prescription not on its formulary. This is related to Medicare.
What is Medicare?It should be noted that Medicare is a government health insurance program in the United States that subsidizes healthcare services.
One of the clients and a recently registered Medicare Part D beneficiary is Mr. Wingate and also uses a number of additional medications not listed on the formulary of his insurance plan that include include a prescription pill that isn't covered by his plan's formulary, over-the-counter meds for colds and allergies, vitamins, and medications.
It should be noted that he'll have to ask his plan in order to get the requirements.
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We can make a simple model of the human vocal tract as an open-closed tube extending from the opening of the mouth to the diaphragm. True or false?.
Explanation:
True, we can make the opening of the mouth to the diaphragm.
two days after abdominal surgery a client experiences extensive flatus. the nurse administers the harris flush, which finding indicates a therapeutic effect
The finding which accurately indicates a therapeutic effect in a client which experiences extensive flatus two days after abdominal surgery is: client's abdomen is less distended
This is one of the major assessment which a healthcare provider can fathom in a client experiencing extensive flatus after surgery
Health problemsThese are conditions which affect the health system of our body and need the service of a healthcare provider to help improve it
So therefore, the finding which accurately indicates a therapeutic effect in a client which experiences extensive flatus two days after abdominal surgery is: client's abdomen is less distended
Complete question:
Two days after abdominal surgery a client experiences extensive flatus. The nurse administers the Harris flush (Harris drip). Which finding indicates a therapeutic effect?
a. Client has a bowel movement.
b. Client's returns are finally clear.
c. Client's abdomen is less distended.
d. Client is able to retain a half liter of fluid.
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a nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following an appendectomy and is prescribed d5 lactated ringer's at 150 ml/hr by continuous iv infusion for 12 hr. the drop factor of the manual iv tubing is 20 gtt/ml. the nurse should set the manual iv infusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (round the answer to the nearest whole number. use a leading zero if it applies. do not use a trailing zero.)
The nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver 50 gtt per minute.
What is IV infusion?
A medical procedure known as intravenous therapy, or IV therapy involves injecting fluids, drugs, and nutrients straight into a patient's vein. For persons who cannot or do not want to eat food or water orally for other reasons, such as diminished mental capacity, the intravenous route of administration is frequently utilized to rehydrate them or to feed them with nutrients. To rectify electrolyte imbalances, it can also be used as provider of drugs or other types of medical therapy, like blood products or electrolytes.
As mentioned in the question, the client is prescribed D5 lactated ringer's at 150 ml per hour by continuous IV infusion for 12 hours.
The drop factor of the manual IV tubing is given 20 gtt / ml.
therefore, the nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver 50 gtt per minute.
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spruit ma, thomeer mj, gosselink r, et al. skeletal muscle weakness in patients with sarcoidosis and its relationship with exercise intolerance and reduced health status. thorax 2005; 60:32.
Background: Skeletal muscle weakness is assumed to be present in patients with sarcoidosis but has never been reported in a consecutive group of patients. Moreover, its relationship with previously observed exercise intolerance and reduced health status has never been studied in these patients.
Methods: Pulmonary function, skeletal and respiratory muscle forces, peak and functional exercise capacity, health status, and the circulating levels of inflammatory and anabolic markers were determined in 25 patients with sarcoidosis who complained of fatigue (15 men) and in 21 healthy subjects (13 men).
Results: Patients with sarcoidosis had lower respiratory and skeletal muscle forces, reduced exercise capacity and health status, higher anxiety and depression scores, and higher circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha than healthy subjects (all p< or =0.01). Its soluble receptor p75 tended to be higher (p=0.04). Circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, insulin-like growth factor I, and its binding protein 3 were not significantly different between the two groups. Skeletal muscle weakness was related to exercise intolerance, depression, and reduced health status in patients with sarcoidosis, irrespective of age, sex, body weight, and height (p< or =0.05). Quadriceps peak torque was inversely related to fatigue but not to the circulating levels of inflammatory or anabolic markers. The mean daily dose of corticosteroids received in the 6 months before testing was related to quadriceps peak torque only in patients who received oral corticosteroids.
Conclusion: Skeletal muscle weakness occurs in patients with sarcoidosis who complain of fatigue and is associated with reduced health status and exercise intolerance.
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which age-related consideration applies to an older adult patient with a fracture? a. the bones are softer. b. healing takes longer. c. the blood loss is more significant. d. future bone growth is affected.
Senescence of the immune system and a rise in systemic pro-inflammatory state are two ways that aging impacts the inflammatory response during the healing of fractures. Thus, option B is correct.
What is inflammatory response?Many of the physiologic processes involved in fracture healing are altered by aging. Important inflammatory response cells, including macrophages, T cells, and mesenchymal stem cells,
Have shown inherent aging-related alterations that may affect fracture healing. The elderly's ability to heal from fractures is hindered by angiogenesis.
Therefore, If a patient is elderly and has a fracture, recovery takes longer.
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the community health nurse is providing education to a client who gave birth 74 hours earlier. what would the nurse teach the client is a sign or symptom of hemorrhage?
With a late postpartum greater than 72 hours, women report heavy bleeding and soaking a peripad in less than 1 hour sign or symptom of hemorrhage.
what is hemorrhage ?Hemorrhage is bleeding form which can arise from a damaged blood vessel, different types of hemorrhage range from minor to major like a bruise to bleeding in the brain.
The possible causes of hemorrhage are Alcohol, drug or tobacco use, Blood clotting disturbances, Cancer, complication during surgery or childbirth, Damage in internal organ, genetic disorder like hemophilia, bone fracture or traumatic brain injury.
The hemorrhage can be observed in different location of the body such as Bruise or hematoma means bleeding under the skin, Hemothorax between the chest wall and lungs, Intracranial hemorrhage in the brain, Postpartum hemorrhage, more bleeding after childbirth.
Some other are Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by head trauma, Subconjunctival hemorrhage, broken blood vessels in the eye, Subdural hematoma, blood leaking into the dura mater etc.
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a client with a spinal cord injury tends to assume the low fowler position excessively. in which area of the body will the nurse most likely discover a pressure ulcer?
a client with a spinal cord injury tends to assume the low fowler position excessively. the nurse most likely discover a pressure ulcer on the sacrum.
What is spinal cord ?Your brain's base is where the spinal cord begins to descend. It's composed of nerve cells and nerve fibers in groups that communicate with the rest of your body from your brain. Spinal cord injuries can be caused by harm to the spinal cord itself or to the vertebrae, ligaments, or disks of the spinal column. The cervical (neck), thoracic (chest), and lumbar (lower back) regions make up the three sections that make up the spinal cord.
Main functions of the spinal cordThe spinal cord's main function is to transmit signals from the brain to the rest of the body, including sensory, motor, and autonomic signals. 1 To enable these functions, electrical signals are sent between myelinated nerves along the spinal cord's pathways.
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A child is seen in the school nurse's office with complaints of pain in his right forearm. In reviewing the child's record the nurse notes that he has a history of being physically abused by the mother. Which should be the initial intervention with this child?
In cases of child abuse, the nurse should be able to recognize the signs of the abuse, determine the cause, provide therapy, and intervene to protect the child from future harm.
When assessing a child, the nurse should suspect child abuse if there are bruises, burns, lacerations, missing teeth, or skeletal damage. The nurse is then required to accurately record her findings in the medical record, including a description of any physical evidence of abuse. She also has a responsibility to notify the authorities in situations where a child has already been abused or is at risk of being abused. Furthermore, the nurse must offer appropriate care and treatment to the child, such as a cold compress or pain medication.
Therefore, when a kid is being abused, a nurse should be able to spot the warning signs, diagnose the problem, offer to counsel and step in to stop the abuse and safeguard the child from further harm.
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a patient in the icu has been orally intubated and on mechanical ventilation for 2 weeks after having a severe stroke. what action does the nurse anticipate the physician will take now that the patient has been intubated for this length of time?
A patient in the ICU has been orally intubated and on mechanical ventilation for 2 weeks after having a severe stroke. The patient will have an insertion of a tracheostomy tube.
What is Tracheostomy?Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure which consists of making an incision on the anterior aspect of the neck and creating hole (stoma) in your windpipe (trachea) that provides an alternative airway for breathing. A tracheostomy tube is a curved tube which is inserted into tracheostomy stoma (the hole made in the neck and windpipe (Trachea)). The tube can be connected to an oxygen supplier and a breathing machine called a ventilator.
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The nurse is to administer 1 g of cefazolin (ancef) in normal saline 50 ml over 45 minutes. At what rate should the nurse set the intravenous infusion pump if it runs in milliliters per hour?
The rate at which the nurse set the intravenous infusion pump if it runs in milliliters per hour is 150 ml/ 0.75 hour that is 150ml per 45 mins.
How is the infusion rate determined?The following equation can be used to determine how many hours the IV will need to finish before it runs out:
Volume (mL) Drip Rate (mL/hour) = Time (hours). The IV pump is set to 62 mL/hour and the fluid volume is 1000 mL.
How come the infusion rate effects?Ordered dose=1 gram in 50 ml
Time taken= 45 min so minutes to hour's = 45 hours = 0.75 hour that is divided by 60
so the infusion rate = total volume/time taken
infusion rate = 150 ml/ o.75
= 200ml/hr is the infusion rate to administer the medication.
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for a patient with acute pancreatitis, which intervention is the priority? a. administration of a histamine2 (h2)-receptor antagonist b. antibiotic administration c. fluid resuscitation d. administration of an opioid analgesic
Fluid resuscitation is the right response.
What is a fluid?A fluid is any liquid, gas, or other material that constantly deforms as a result of an external force or applied shear stress. In other words, they are substances that cannot withstand any shear force given to them because they have zero shear modulus.
What kinds of fluids are there?According to their flow, fluids are divided into four categories, which are as follows:
Stable or unstableEither compressible or incompressibleEither non-viscous or viscousEither irrotational or rotational.What are the fluid's properties?The thermodynamic characteristics of fluids are their temperature, density, pressure, and specific enthalpy. Physical characteristics These characteristics, like as color and odor, aid in interpreting the fluid's physical state.
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the client and the patient are conversing verbally face to face. what communication technique is being demonstrated?
The client and the patient are conversing verbally face to face. Linguistic communication technique is being demonstrated. Linguistic communication entails using norms to help people understand one another even if they do not have the same worldview. The words are given meaning through a convention that develops over time within a certain group.
You will have a better understanding of the four primary methods of Linguistic communication after reading this guide: vocal, nonverbal, written, and the visual. You will be able to use this information to better your own communication as well as ensure that your organization promotes excellent communication skills.
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a client who is scheduled for coronary angioplasty is concerned about whether the surgery is safe and wonders whether it would be beneficial. which nursing diagnosis relates to this client's condition?
The nursing diagnosis which relates to this client's condition of concern after being scheduled for coronary angioplasty include the following below:
Ineffective coping related to anxiety and fear of surgery.Knowledge Deficit.What is Coronary angioplasty?This is referred to a medical procedure which involves widening of the narrowed or blocked coronary arteries in the body so as to ensure efficient pumping of the blood by the heart to other parts of the body.
The nursing diagnosis which relates to this client's condition is related to fear in which he is scared that he may die when the surgery is done which shows he is unable to cope with anxiety which comes with it.
Lack of knowledge about the treatment plans is also the reason why the individual may be scared about the surgery as the effect on the body isn't known yet and the nurse can provide detailed information about it to prevent this situation.
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a nurse is providing care to a pregnant woman in her first trimester who has come to the clinic for a follow-up visit. during the visit, the nurse teaches the woman about some of the changes that she will be experiencing during her pregnancy. which information would the nurse include when describing changes in the breast?
During the first trimester, the female body likewise goes through significant changes. Numerous symptoms, such as nausea, exhaustion, breast discomfort, and frequent urination, are frequently brought on by these changes. Even though these are typical pregnant symptoms, every woman's experience is unique.
What is First Trimester ?On the first day of your last menstruation, the first trimester begins and lasts until the end of week 12. This implies that you could be five to six weeks along by the time you're positive you're expecting! During these first three months, a lot occurs.
The neural tube will allow the baby's brain and spinal cord to develop. Other organs, including the heart, are also beginning to develop. The development of the structures required for the eyes and ears. There are little buds that will shortly develop into arms.
The most essential period for the growth of your unborn child is the first trimester. Although you may not yet be displaying much on the surface, your baby's primary body organs and systems are developing inside.
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the nurse assesses a swollen ecchymosed area to the right of an episiotomy on a primiparous client 6 hours after a vaginal birth. what should the nurse should do next:?
The nurse should apply an ice pack to the perineal area.
What is nursing assessment?
A nursing assessment can be described as a process of gathering relevant patient information by a registered nurse.
During nursing assessment, the nurse discovered a swollen ecchymosed area to the right of an episiotomy on a primiparous client 6 hours after a vaginal birth, the nurse should apply an ice pack to the perineal area.
In conclusion, nursing assessment helps a nurse to deliver quality healthcare to the client.
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a nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy. which nursing action is most appropriate for handling chemotherapeutic agents?
Wear protective clothing and disposable gloves.
To avoid skin contact with chemotherapeutic drugs, a nurse must wear disposable gloves and protective attire. Needles shouldn't be recapped or broken by the nurse. When priming I.V. tubing, joining and disengaging tubing, placing syringes into vials, shattering glass ampules, or performing other procedures involving the handling of chemotherapeutic drugs, the nurse should utilize a sterile gauze pad. Needles, syringes, IV tubes, and other equipment that has been contaminated must be thrown away in a leak- and puncture-proof container.
Which medicine is used as chemotherapy?Corticosteroids Steroids, often known as corticosteroids, are natural hormones and hormone-like substances that are effective in treating a variety of cancers as well as other conditions. These medications are referred to as chemotherapy drugs when they are used to treat cancer
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a client has been assigned a nursing diagnosis of fatigue related to anemia as evidenced by pale skin, statements of tiredness, and low hematocrit and hemoglobin values. what would be an appropriate nursing intervention for this client?
Diagnosis of fatigue related to anemia as evidenced by pale skin, statements of tiredness, and low hematocrit and hemoglobin values. An appropriate nursing intervention for this client will be :
Collaborate with the physician to treat anemia
Explanation:
What is ANEMIA?
When you have anemia, your body doesn't produce enough healthy red blood cells to supply your tissues with enough oxygen. Being anemic, or having low hemoglobin, can make you feel exhausted and frail.
Signs and symptoms, if they do occur, might include:
-Fatigue
-Weakness
-Pale or yellowish skin
-Irregular heartbeats
-Shortness of breath
-Dizziness
-Chest pain
-Cold hands and feet
-Headaches
Further with the intervention of the physician to treat anemia, he will decide the treatment on the basis of type of ANEMIA.
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Which of the following is not a function of the subcutaneous layer of skin ?
which of the following is NOT A FUNCTION of the subcutaneous layer? lubricates body surfaces.
impact of injection protocol selection by retina specialists on clinical outcomes in patients with diabetic macular edema
For the treatment of diabetic macular edema, intravitreal anti-VEGF injections are employed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) in 170 eyes treated by 4 retina specialists using a pro re nata (PRN) strategy taken into consideration when determining the influence of the injection protocol.
It was discovered that BCVA and CMT during the initial visit were substantially correlated with improved BCVA and CMT over the course of treatment .
Explanation:
Anti-VEGF drugs prevent the growth of new blood vessels. Additionally, they halt aberrant blood vessel leaking that can saturate the macula.
Since these medications are injected right into your eye, you could feel a little pressure there. How many shots you will require will be decided by your doctor.
Most persons with centrally involved diabetic macular edema who experience visual loss should consider anti-VEGF injections as their first choice of treatment, according to the American Diabetes Association.
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If a provider got paid for referring patients to a particular specialist, this would violate:
If a provider gets paid for referring patients to a particular specialist, then it would violate Stark Law, which is also called Self-referral law.
The Physician Self-Referral Law, also referred to as the Stark law, prohibits physicians from referring patients to businesses with which they or a member of their close family has a financial relationship in order to obtain "designated health services" paid for by Medicare or Medicaid unless an exception is made.
Paying a doctor or medical facility only for referring a patient is considered fee splitting and is unethical. Physicians are prohibited from accepting any form of compensation for suggesting a patient, save payments made from the revenue of healthcare organizations as permitted by law.
Referring a client to a facility in which a healthcare provider (or a member of their family) has a financial stake is a type of healthcare fraud and abuse.
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in many respects today, what is the "organizing principle" for global health? a. reduce disability b. reduce morbidity c. universal health coverage d. reduce deaths
In many respects today, universal health coverage may be considered as the "organizing principle" for global health.
What is universal health coverage?The expression universal health coverage makes reference to health insurance that can be used around the world to obtain suitable medical care in different clinical settings.
In conclusion, in many respects today, universal health coverage may be considered as the "organizing principle" for global health.
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an adequate intake (ai) has been set for total water intake, which includes water from foods and beverages. while the water derived from foods is important, it is more relevant to remember how much fluid to drink each day. on average, fluids (i.e., beverages only) account for about 80% of total water intake. based on the ai for total water, how much fluid should women drink each day?
A women should drink 2.7 liters of water every day which is nearly 11.5 cups.
What is adequate intake (AI)?
when there is insufficient information to compute an average need, a dietary suggestion is utilized. An adequate intake is the typical daily nutrient intake of a healthy population that is thought to be sufficient for the population's needs.
A person's appropriate intake (AI) of water is determined by looking at how much water they typically drink.
Women 11.5 cups or 2.7 liters every day
Men 3.7 liters every day, or 15.5 cups.
Drinking water and the water found in meals are both included in the AI (about 20 percent of AI).
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if the patient experiences a drop in respiratory rate as a result of a drug overdose, what will be the effect on the patient's minute volume?
If the patient experiences a drop in respiratory rate as a result of a drug overdose, the effect on the patient's minute volume will be a decrease and is denoted as option D.
What is Respiratory rate?Thus is defined as the rate in which breathing occurs in an organism and is usually measured in breaths per minute.
A drop in respiratory rate will lead to the minute volume decreasing which could cause hypoventilation and hypoxia thereby resulting in different types of complications and death.
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The options are:
A.There will be no change in the minute volume.
B.The minute volume will increase.
C.The minute volume will initially increase, then drop.
D.The minute volume will decrease.
the charge nurse is developing patient care assignments for the evening shift and needs to assign clients to a licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (lpn/lvn) and a certified nursing assistant (cna). which clients should the nurse assign to the lpn/lvn based on skill level and scope of practice? (select all that apply.)
A customer who necessitates routine suctioning,
A client who needs their foot's dressing changed
A client who needs to be reminded about the diabetes diet.
these clients should be assigned by the nurse.
Licensed vocational nurseTasks for stable patients with predictable outcomes, like suctioning, reinforcing patient education provided by an RN, completing sterile and nonsterile dressing changes, and delivering Non parenteral drugs, are appropriate assignments for an LPN/LVN.
The RN must carefully assess the methods for successful delegation to unlicensed individuals because nursing assistants are considered unlicensed assistive personnel.
Delegating to the CNA is appropriate for tasks like conducting range-of-motion exercises and gathering a urine sample because they don't require assessment, interpretation, or decision-making.
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a 50-year-old man presents with a 4-day history of increasing exertional dyspnea. he has had a chronic cough for the past 3 years and attributes it to cigarette smoking. the cough had been productive of watery sputum, but it has changed to a yellowish color over the past week. he has no known allergies and reports no family history of asthma. on general appearance, he is wheezing. his temperature is 101°f, p 105/min, bp 136/86 mm hg, and rr 30/min.
Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis are the pathogens most commonly associated with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.
A productive cough that lasts at least three months and recurs for at least two years in a row qualifies as chronic bronchitis. There may be times when the cough or other symptoms of chronic bronchitis get worse.
The lining of your bronchial tubes, which transport air to and from your lungs, become inflamed when you have bronchitis. Bronchitis patients frequently cough up thicker mucus that may be colored. Chronic or acute bronchitis are both possible.
Acute bronchitis is a relatively common condition that frequently results from a cold or other respiratory illness. A persistent irritation or inflammation of the bronchial tube lining characterizes chronic bronchitis, a more dangerous illness that is frequently brought on by smoking.
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Question correction:
A 50-year-old man presents with increasing exertional dyspnea for the past 4 days. He has had a chronic cough for the past 3 years and attributes it to cigarette smoking. The cough had been productive of watery sputum, but it has changed to a yellowish color over the past week. He has no known allergies and reports no family history of asthma; on examination, he is wheezing. His temperature is 101F, PR- 105/min, BP- 136/86mmHg, and RR-30/min. Respiratory system examination reveals decreased chest wall excursion. Auscultation reveals a prolonged expiratory phase with crepitations and generalized rhonchi. Chest X-ray (CXR) reveals irregular bronchovascular markings. Laboratory results reveal Hb 15 g/dl, WBC 12000/uL, platelets 300x10 9/l.
What are the pathogens most commonly associated with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis?