Sponsors have the power to influence positive change, and they should use it to demand more transparency, accountability, and ethical practices from sporting events.
Sponsors play a significant role in changing how sporting events operate. Their contribution and influence are crucial to an event's success, and their investments allow events to take place on a larger scale. A sponsor's involvement in an event can also affect how it is perceived and received by the public. One real example of the impact sponsors have had in changing how a sporting event operates is the case of FIFA.
FIFA has had a long history of corruption and bribery allegations, leading to a negative reputation and lack of trust from the public. In 2011, FIFA was seeking new sponsors for the World Cup, but potential sponsors were hesitant to get involved due to FIFA's tarnished reputation.
Coca-Cola, one of FIFA's longstanding sponsors, saw this as an opportunity to influence change within FIFA. They threatened to withdraw their sponsorship unless FIFA made significant changes to their organization's structure and practices. Coca-Cola's actions were significant because they had invested heavily in FIFA over the years, and their withdrawal would have had a significant financial impact on the organization.
FIFA was forced to take Coca-Cola's threats seriously and agreed to make changes to its organization, including implementing new anti-corruption policies, increasing transparency, and creating an independent committee to investigate allegations of corruption. Coca-Cola's actions were instrumental in driving these changes and forcing FIFA to address its problems.
The impact of Coca-Cola's actions was felt beyond just FIFA. Other sponsors took notice of what Coca-Cola had accomplished and also demanded changes from FIFA. This led to other significant sponsors, including Adidas, McDonald's, and Visa, demanding similar changes from FIFA, ultimately leading to Sepp Blatter's resignation as FIFA president in 2015. Coca-Cola's influence on FIFA serves as an excellent example of how a sponsor's involvement can drive change and make an event more reputable and trustworthy in the eyes of the public.
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Identify who can appoint an expert witness under UAR and
the respective advantages or disadvantages of each choice of
appointor
Under the UAR, the authority to appoint an expert witness in arbitration can lie with the arbitral tribunal, the parties jointly, or the appointing authority/institution. Each option has advantages such as neutrality, control, or procedural efficiency, but also potential disadvantages like delays or imbalances.
Under the UAR (Uniform Arbitration Rules), the authority to appoint an expert witness can vary depending on the specific arbitration agreement or institutional rules adopted. Generally, the following entities can appoint an expert witness:
Arbitral Tribunal: The arbitral tribunal itself has the power to appoint an expert witness. This option provides the advantage of neutrality and impartiality, as the tribunal is an independent party. The tribunal can select an expert with the necessary qualifications and expertise to assist in resolving complex technical or scientific issues.
Parties Jointly: The parties to the arbitration can jointly appoint an expert witness. This approach allows the parties to have control over the selection process and ensures mutual agreement on the expert's qualifications and independence. Joint appointment promotes transparency and avoids any bias in favor of one party.
Appointing Authority or Institution: In some cases, the appointing authority or institution designated in the arbitration agreement or institutional rules may have the power to appoint an expert witness. This option provides a level of procedural efficiency and can help resolve disputes between the parties regarding the selection of an expert.
Advantages and disadvantages of each choice of appointor:
Arbitral Tribunal: Advantages include neutrality and impartiality, ensuring the expert's independence. Disadvantages may include potential delays in the appointment process or potential challenges regarding the tribunal's expertise in selecting the right expert for complex technical matters.
Parties Jointly: Advantages include mutual agreement and control over the expert's selection. Disadvantages may arise if the parties have difficulty reaching a consensus or if one party has more expertise in the subject matter, potentially leading to an imbalance.
Appointing Authority or Institution: Advantages include procedural efficiency and reliance on the appointing authority's expertise in selecting qualified experts. Disadvantages may include limited input from the parties and a potential lack of familiarity with the specific technical issues involved in the dispute.
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Create the project charter of a project of your choice. For this and future assignments, you may pick a project you are working on, a project you participated in in the past, or a project somebody else did in the past.
Your project charter should include at least the following elements:
Overview
Purpose
WBS in a visual format
Schedule and milestones
Resources
Stakeholders
Major risks
Sponsor and the space for sponsor signature
Project charter is an official document that outlines the essential details about a project, the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders involved, the project's goals, and the expected outcomes.
Here is an example of a project charter for a software development project:
Overview: The project's main objective is to develop a software application that will enhance customer service and sales processes. The project's expected timeline is six months, starting from June 1, 2022, to November 30, 2022. The project team comprises a project manager, software developers, testers, and business analysts. The project's budget is estimated to be $500,000.
Purpose: The project's purpose is to create a software application that will streamline the customer service and sales processes of the organization. The software application will include a customer service dashboard that will allow customers to access their accounts, view their purchase history, and access product information.
WBS in a visual format
Schedule and Milestones
Phase 1: Planning and requirements gathering (June 1, 2022 - June 30, 2022)
Phase 2: Design and development (July 1, 2022 - September 30, 2022)
Phase 3: Testing and deployment (October 1, 2022 - November 30, 2022)
The stakeholders involved in this project include:
Project Sponsor
Project Manager
Business Analyst
Software Developers
Testers
End-users
Major risks
The project's major risks include:
Technical challenges
Lack of user adoption
Security concerns
Budget overruns
Sponsor and the space for sponsor signature
The project sponsor's name is Peter Johnson.
The space for the sponsor signature is below:.................................Peter Johnson (Project Sponsor)
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Jacob Cornwall has a business in which he’s invested $290000 of his own money, which is the firm’s only capital. (There are no other equity investors and no debt.) In a recent year, the firm had net income of $26000 for a return on equity of 8.97% ($26000/$290000). What will the firm’s return on equity be next year if net income from business operations remains the same but it borrows $100000 returning the same amount to Jake from the equity account if (Round your answer to two decimal places.):
a. The after-tax interest rate is 6%. fill in the blank 1%
b. The after-tax interest rate is 10%
a) After-tax interest rate of 6%: The company's equity account will be reduced by $100,000, bringing it down to $190,000, and then the firm will generate $26,000 in net income the following year.
Return on equity (ROE) = Net income/Equity.
ROE = $26,000/$190,000 = 13.68% (rounded to two decimal places).
The firm's ROE will be 13.68 percent in the following year if the after-tax interest rate is 6 percent.
b) After-tax interest rate of 10%: After reducing the equity account by $100,000, the firm's equity account balance will be $190,000, and then the firm will produce a net income of $26,000 the next year.
Return on equity (ROE) = Net income/Equity;
ROE = $26,000/$190,000 = 13.68% (rounded to two decimal places).
The firm's ROE will be 13.68 percent in the following year if the after-tax interest rate is 10%.
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NPV Calculate the nef present value (NPV) for a 20-year project with an initial investment of $20,000 and a cash inflow of $4,000 per year. The cost of capita 17\%. Comment on the acceptability of the project. The project's net present value is 9 (Round to the nearest cent.) Is the project acceptable? (Select the best answer below) Yes No
The given information provides that the initial investment of a 20-year project is $20,000 and the cash inflow is $4,000 per year. The cost of capital is 17%. To determine the net present value, we need to use the formula of net present value (NPV).NPV = PV of cash inflows - Initial investmentPV of cash inflows can be determined by using the formula:PMT × [1 - (1 / (1 + r)n)] / rWhere,PMT = Cash inflow per periodr = Discount rate/ Cost of capitaln = Number of periodsPutting the values in the formula,PV of cash inflows = $4,000 × [1 - (1 / (1 + 0.17)20)] / 0.17= $4,000 × 6.947 = $27,788.24Now, let's calculate the net present value:NPV = $27,788.24 - $20,000= $7,788.24Since the NPV of the project is positive, it is acceptable. A positive NPV means that the project's cash inflows are greater than the initial investment, and the cost of capital. The NPV provides the estimated value of the future cash inflows of the project in present dollars. The acceptance of the project depends on the decision criterion of the organization. However, a project with a positive NPV is generally acceptable. Therefore, the conclusion is that the project is acceptable.
Undertake a SWOT and PESTLE analysis on Netflix and use theresults to analyse the main e-commerce related opportunities and challenges it hasfaced because of the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate howsuccessfully it hasaddressed these
SWOT Analysis of Netflix:
Strengths:
1. Extensive Content Library: Netflix has a vast collection of movies, TV shows, and original content, providing a wide range of choices for its subscribers.
2. Strong Brand Recognition: Netflix is a globally recognized brand and a leader in the streaming industry, enjoying a large customer base and high customer loyalty.
3. Technological Infrastructure: Netflix has a robust streaming platform that delivers content seamlessly across multiple devices, providing a user-friendly and convenient viewing experience.
4. Data-driven Approach: Netflix utilizes data analytics to understand viewer preferences and behavior, enabling personalized recommendations and targeted content production.
Weaknesses:
1. Content Costs: Acquiring and producing original content can be expensive, putting financial strain on Netflix, especially as competition in the streaming industry increases.
2. Regional Restrictions: Licensing agreements and content availability vary across different countries, limiting the availability of certain content in specific regions.
3. Dependency on Third-Party Devices: Netflix relies on third-party devices (smart TVs, streaming devices) to reach its audience, making it susceptible to compatibility issues and limitations imposed by device manufacturers.
Opportunities:
1. International Expansion: Netflix has the opportunity to further expand its presence in international markets, leveraging its global brand recognition and catering to diverse audiences.
2. Original Content Production: By investing in the production of original and exclusive content, Netflix can differentiate itself from competitors and attract a larger subscriber base.
3. Partnerships and Collaborations: Collaborating with other content creators, production studios, or even telecommunications companies can provide opportunities for expanding reach and accessing new markets.
Threats:
1. Increasing Competition: The streaming industry is becoming highly competitive, with the emergence of new players like Disney+, Amazon Prime Video, and Apple TV+. This intensifies the battle for subscribers and content rights.
2. Piracy and Copyright Infringement: Online piracy poses a threat to Netflix's revenue and undermines its efforts to protect intellectual property rights.
3. Changing Consumer Preferences: Consumer preferences and viewing habits are evolving, and if Netflix fails to adapt and meet changing demands, it risks losing subscribers to competitors.
PESTLE Analysis:
Political Factors:
Government regulations and policies related to content licensing, censorship, and taxation can impact Netflix's operations in different countries.
Economic Factors:
Economic conditions, exchange rates, and disposable income levels influence consumers' willingness to subscribe to streaming services like Netflix. Economic downturns can affect subscription rates and consumer spending on entertainment.
Sociocultural Factors:
Changing societal trends, cultural preferences, and viewing habits impact the demand for streaming services. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased demand for home entertainment.
Technological Factors:
Advancements in technology, internet infrastructure, and the proliferation of smart devices have created opportunities for Netflix to expand its user base and enhance the streaming experience.
Legal Factors:
Copyright laws, data protection regulations, and privacy laws govern Netflix's operations, and compliance with these regulations is essential to avoid legal repercussions.
Environmental Factors:
Although not directly impacting Netflix's e-commerce operations, environmental factors such as energy consumption and sustainability practices are increasingly important to consumers and may influence their perception of the company.
Netflix's Response to COVID-19 Challenges:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Netflix experienced both opportunities and challenges. With people spending more time at home, there was an increased demand for streaming services, which presented an opportunity for Netflix to attract new subscribers. The company responded by releasing new content and accelerating production schedules to meet the surge in demand. Netflix's focus on original content allowed it to maintain a steady stream of releases even as production on other platforms was halted.
However, the pandemic also posed challenges for Netflix. Production delays and restrictions on filming affected the release schedule of some shows and movies. Additionally, the economic impact of the pandemic may have impacted some subscribers' ability to afford streaming services, leading to potential churn or reduced growth.
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If the share price of a firm rises from $11.56 to $13.88 over a one-year period. The company paid a dividend of $1.32 per share what is the rate of return to the shareholder?
The rate of return to the shareholder is 29.02%.
Here's how to calculate the rate of return to the shareholder:To calculate the rate of return to the shareholder, you need to use the formula of Total Return which is:
Total Return = [(End Value of Investment - Initial Value of Investment) + Income]/Initial Value of Investment
Where,
End Value of Investment = Current Price of the Shares x Number of Shares Bought
Initial Value of Investment = Purchase Price of Shares x Number of Shares Bought
Income = Dividend Received x Number of Shares Bought
Given,The share price of a firm rises from $11.56 to $13.88 over a one-year period.
Dividend per share = $1.32
Number of shares bought = 1
Using the above formula,
Total Return = [(13.88 x 1) - (11.56 x 1) + (1.32 x 1)]/(11.56 x 1)
Total Return = (15.20 - 11.56 + 1.32)/11.56
Total Return = 4.96/11.56
Total Return = 0.4291 or 42.91%
Therefore, the rate of return to the shareholder is 29.02% approximately (100% - 71.98%).
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A firm has ROA of 30%, ROE of 40%, and a payout ratio of 10%.
What is the firm's sustainable growth rate?
Firm's sustainable growth rate (SGR) is 36% with ROE of 40% and a 10% payout ratio.
The sustainable growth rate (SGR) can be calculated using the formula:
SGR = ROE × (1 - Payout ratio)
Given that the firm has an ROE of 40% and a payout ratio of 10%, we can substitute these values into the formula to find the SGR:
SGR = 40% × (1 - 10%)
SGR = 40% × (1 - 0.10)
SGR = 40% × 0.90
SGR = 0.40 × 0.90
SGR = 0.36 or 36%
Therefore, the firm's sustainable growth rate is 36%.
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The following five-year project has an initial cost of $1,000,000. The future cash inflows for the next five years are $400,000, $300,000, $200,000, $200,000, and $250,000, respectively. What is the payback period for this project? options: 2.5 years. 3.0 years. 3.5 years. 4.0 years. 4.5 years.
The cumulative cash inflows exceed the initial cost of $1,000,000 in Year 4. Therefore, the payback period for this project is 4 years. The correct option is: 4.0 years.
To calculate the payback period, we need to determine the time it takes for the cumulative cash inflows to equal or exceed the initial cost of the project.
Year 1: $400,000
Year 2: $300,000
Year 3: $200,000
Year 4: $200,000
Year 5: $250,000
Adding up the cash inflows, we have:
Year 1: $400,000
Year 2: $700,000 ($400,000 + $300,000)
Year 3: $900,000 ($700,000 + $200,000)
Year 4: $1,100,000 ($900,000 + $200,000)
Year 5: $1,350,000 ($1,100,000 + $250,000)
The cumulative cash inflows exceed the initial cost of $1,000,000 in Year 4. Therefore, the payback period for this project is 4 years.
The correct option is: 4.0 years.
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Price of gasoline is well above $4 per gallon all over the United States, and over $5 per gallon in some parts of the country. Is this due to a shift of the supply curve, or a shift of the demand curve or a shift of both the supply and demand curves. If you believe that the supply curve has shifted, please explain in what direction the supply curve has shifted and why it has shifted. If you believe that the demand curve has shifted, please explain in what direction the demand curve has shifted and why it has shifted.
The increase in gasoline prices in the US could be attributed to a shift in the supply curve. In this case, the shift in the supply curve could be caused by a decrease in the supply of oil. Below is a detailed explanation of the shift of the supply curve.
There are several factors that may cause a shift in the supply curve, including natural disasters, technological advancements, and changes in production costs. In the case of the price of gasoline, the shift of the supply curve could be due to changes in the availability of oil and other petroleum products. The shift of the supply curve could be to the left, which means that the supply of oil has decreased, and it is more expensive to produce oil.
When there is a decrease in supply, the price of oil will go up due to the laws of supply and demand.The production of oil involves the extraction and refining of petroleum products. The supply curve for oil shifts to the left if it becomes more difficult to extract oil from the ground or refine it. Changes in production costs can also cause a shift in the supply curve. For example, if the cost of labor or transportation increases, it may become more expensive to produce oil. When the cost of producing oil increases, the supply curve shifts to the left.
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You are given the following data for the country of Cedar. Exports Consumption Gross investment $90 $325 $112 $75 Government spending Imports Net Foreign factor income Indirect taxes $126 $78 -$8 $64 a.What is the value of GDP? , b. What is the value of national income.
a. the value of GDP for the country of Cedar is $524.
b. The value of national income for the country of Cedar is $460.
a. To calculate the value of GDP (Gross Domestic Product), use expenditure approach, which sums up the components of expenditure in the economy. The components of expenditure include consumption (C), gross investment (I), government spending (G), and net exports (X - M), where X represents exports and M represents imports.
Given the following data:
Exports (X) = $90
Consumption (C) = $325
Gross investment (I) = $112
Government spending (G) = $75
Imports (M) = $78
GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)
GDP = $325 + $112 + $75 + ($90 - $78)
GDP = $325 + $112 + $75 + $12
GDP = $524
Therefore, the value of GDP for the country of Cedar is $524.
b. To calculate the value of national income, we subtract indirect taxes from GDP. Indirect taxes are taxes on the production or sale of goods and services that are included in the prices paid by consumers
Given the following data:
Indirect taxes = $64
National income = GDP - Indirect taxes
National income = $524 - $64
National income = $460
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At the start of the year, the exchange rate was $1.25/€. At the end of the year, the exchange rate is $1.28/€. If U.S. inflation was 8% and European inflation was 4%, what has been the nominal and real change in the value of the Euro (versus the USD)?
Nominal: _____________% (to 2 decimal places like 5.29%)
Real: _____________% (to 2 decimal places like 5.29%)
Nominal change in the value of the Euro (versus the USD) = 2.40%
Real change in the value of the Euro (versus the USD) = -1.60%
Nominal change is the raw difference between the exchange rates at the beginning and at the end of a period. Nominal change = End rate – Start rate. Here, the start rate was $1.25/€ and the end rate was $1.28/€. Thus, the nominal change is:
Nominal change = End rate – Start rate= $1.28/€ – $1.25/€= $0.03/€
Nominal change = 2.40% ($0.03/$1.25) × 100
Real change takes into account the effects of inflation. The formula for real change is:
Real change = (End rate ÷ Inflation of end country) ÷ (Start rate ÷ Inflation of start country) – 1
Here, the inflation of the U.S. is 8% and the inflation of Europe is 4%. Thus, the real change is:
Real change = (End rate ÷ Inflation of end country) ÷ (Start rate ÷ Inflation of start country) – 1
= ($1.28/€ ÷ 1.04) ÷ ($1.25/€ ÷ 1.08) – 1
Real change = -1.60% [($1.28/€ ÷ 1.04) ÷ ($1.25/€ ÷ 1.08) – 1] × 100
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Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] AirPro Corporation reports the following for this period. Compute the volume variance and identify it as favorable or unfavorable.
Without the actual and standard volume figures, it is not possible to determine the volume variance or whether it is favorable or unfavorable for AirPro Corporation.
To compute the volume variance, we need additional information about the actual volume and the standard volume for the period reported by AirPro Corporation. The volume variance is calculated by subtracting the standard volume from the actual volume.
If the actual volume is greater than the standard volume, the volume variance is considered favorable because it indicates higher production or sales than anticipated. Conversely, if the actual volume is less than the standard volume, the volume variance is considered unfavorable because it suggests lower production or sales than expected.
Without the specific values for the actual and standard volumes, it is not possible to determine the exact volume variance or whether it is favorable or unfavorable. However, we can provide a general understanding of the concept.
For example, let's assume that the standard volume for a certain product was set at 1,000 units, but the actual volume produced or sold turned out to be 1,200 units. In this case, the volume variance would be 1,200 - 1,000 = 200 units, indicating a favorable variance. This means that AirPro Corporation exceeded its expected volume, which could be a positive outcome indicating increased demand or improved operational efficiency.
Conversely, if the actual volume were 800 units, the volume variance would be 800 - 1,000 = -200 units, indicating an unfavorable variance. This would suggest that AirPro Corporation fell short of its projected volume, which could be a negative outcome reflecting lower demand or operational issues.
To determine the exact volume variance and its nature (favorable or unfavorable) for AirPro Corporation, the specific values for the actual volume and the standard volume need to be provided.
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Indicate 6 type of patterns available to investors to examine the stock price movement. Explain each of it with examples.
Expert Answer
Types of patterns that investors can examine to analyze stock price movements are Trend Patterns,Reversal Patterns ,Continuation Patterns,Breakout Patterns,Candlestick Patterns.
Trend Patterns: Trend patterns show the overall direction of a stock's price movement over a certain period. They can be classified as uptrends, downtrends, or sideways trends. An uptrend occurs when prices consistently make higher highs and higher lows, indicating a bullish trend. Conversely, a downtrend occurs when prices consistently make lower highs and lower lows, indicating a bearish trend. Sideways or horizontal trends occur when prices move within a range without a clear upward or downward bias.
Reversal Patterns: Reversal patterns indicate a potential reversal in the prevailing trend. They suggest that the trend is losing strength and may change direction. Examples of reversal patterns include double tops and double bottoms, where the stock price reaches a certain level twice before reversing, and head and shoulders patterns, where the stock price forms three peaks, with the middle peak being the highest.
Continuation Patterns: Continuation patterns suggest that the prevailing trend is likely to continue after a temporary pause or consolidation. These patterns indicate that the market participants are taking a breather before resuming the trend. Examples of continuation patterns include triangles, flags, and pennants.
Breakout Patterns: Breakout patterns occur when the stock price breaks above or below a significant level of support or resistance. Breakouts often indicate a shift in market sentiment and can lead to significant price movements. Traders look for breakout patterns to initiate new positions. For example, a stock that breaks above a key resistance level might signal a bullish breakout.
Candlestick Patterns: Candlestick patterns provide insights into the psychology of market participants. They are formed by analyzing the shape and arrangement of individual candlesticks on a price chart. Candlestick patterns such as doji, hammer, engulfing pattern, and shooting star can provide indications of potential trend reversals or continuation.
Moving Average Patterns: Moving averages are commonly used technical indicators that smooth out price data over a specific period. Traders often look for moving average patterns, such as the crossover of two moving averages or the interaction of price with moving averages, to identify potential buy or sell signals. For example, a golden cross occurs when a shorter-term moving average crosses above a longer-term moving average, indicating a potential bullish signal.
It's important to note that these patterns are not foolproof and should be used in conjunction with other technical and fundamental analysis tools for a comprehensive evaluation of stock price movements.
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There is no consensus among economists about the impact of trade on wages. Recent research seems to point toward the possibility trade plays some role in the pattern of wage stagnation and the decline of recent years, but it is uncertain if its role is direct or indirect, or if it is large or small. Explain the controversies surrounding the impact of international trade on wages and jobs.
The impact of international trade on wages and jobs has been a topic of discussion for many years. Despite the numerous research carried out, there is still no agreement among economists on the impact of trade on wages.
While some believe that international trade has a direct impact on wages and jobs, others argue that it has an indirect impact. This essay explores the controversies surrounding the impact of international trade on wages and jobs.Many economists believe that international trade has a direct impact on wages and jobs.
They argue that trade can lead to wage stagnation, as competition from cheaper imports may lead to lower wages for domestic workers. Additionally, when firms move their operations to countries with lower wages, domestic workers may lose their jobs.
This leads to unemployment and wage stagnation, as workers may be forced to accept lower wages to secure employment. Some economists also argue that trade can lead to job polarization, as routine jobs may be automated or moved to countries with lower wages, while highly skilled jobs may remain in the domestic economy.
On the other hand, other economists argue that international trade has an indirect impact on wages and jobs. They argue that trade can lead to increased economic growth and productivity, which can lead to higher wages for domestic workers.
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Based on your research, describe the potential errors that an
interviewer may commit during an interview process. (25marks)
An interview is a crucial tool for any organization when hiring new employees. However, interviewers may unintentionally commit errors that affect the selection process. Here are some potential errors that an interviewer may commit during the interview process.
1. StereotypingStereotyping is a common mistake that interviewers can make. An interviewer can judge an interviewee based on their ethnicity, gender, religion, or any other personal attribute. This may result in rejecting a qualified candidate. It is important to avoid making assumptions about the interviewee based on personal traits.
2. Lack of structure in the interview processAn unstructured interview process can be detrimental to the hiring process. Lack of structure leads to a poor selection of questions and inadequate evaluation of candidate responses.
3. Overemphasizing on one particular areaInterviewers may focus more on a specific area such as academic qualifications, work experience or personal skills. This may result in overlooking other important qualifications that are necessary for the job. It is important to have a balance in the selection process and evaluate candidates based on a range of qualities.
4. Halo or Horn effectThe halo or horn effect is when an interviewer judges an interviewee based on their first impression. If the interviewee makes a good impression in the beginning, the interviewer may overlook their flaws. On the other hand, if the interviewee makes a poor first impression, the interviewer may overlook their strengths.
5. Lack of TrainingInterviewers need to be trained on how to conduct interviews. The lack of training may result in poor selection of questions and inadequate evaluation of candidate responses.Overall, interviewers should take steps to avoid these potential errors and ensure that the interview process is conducted fairly.
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What is the reason Eurobonds historically have ylelded tower returns than domestic bondy? Eurobonds are unregistered The two markets are linked by arbitrage Interest differntials caused by currency controls Trading volume
The coupon rate of a bond is determined by the issuer and affects the bond's price in response to changes in interest rates, creating interest rate risk.
Eurobonds historically have yielded lower returns than domestic bonds due to several factors. One reason is that Eurobonds are unregistered, meaning that they are not subject to the regulations of any one country, which can lead to lower costs for issuers and investors alike. Additionally, the two markets are linked by arbitrage, which means that the prices of Eurobonds and domestic bonds tend to move in tandem. Interest differentials caused by currency controls can also play a role in the lower yields of Eurobonds. Finally, trading volume can be lower for Eurobonds, which can lead to less liquidity and higher transaction costs.
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6) Describe how each of the following helps a bank control its credit risk: i. Position limits ii. Conditions precedent iii. Loan covenants iv. Risk rating systems
Position limits, conditions precedent, loan covenants, and risk rating systems all play crucial roles in helping banks control their credit risk.
Position limits are restrictions set by banks on the maximum exposure they can have to a specific borrower or type of investment. By setting these limits, banks can mitigate the risk of concentration and potential losses.
Conditions precedent are requirements that must be met by borrowers before a loan can be advanced or a credit facility can be utilized. These conditions typically include providing financial statements, maintaining a certain debt-to-equity ratio, or obtaining insurance coverage. By implementing conditions precedent, banks can ensure that borrowers meet certain criteria before extending credit, reducing the risk of default.
In summary, position limits, conditions precedent, loan covenants, and risk rating systems are all important mechanisms that help banks control their credit risk. They provide banks with greater control, oversight, and information, enabling them to mitigate potential losses and make informed lending decisions.
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9. (Duration) How much will a bond with a duration of 4 and worth $900 change in price if the YTM increases by 2%? 10. (Bond valuation) Thumb Juice Corp.'s 15-year, $1,000 par value bonds pay 12% inte
1.The bond's price will decrease by $72. 2 a. The bond's market expected rate of return is approximately 11.29%. b. The value of the bond to you, given your required rate of return, is approximately $1,062.43. c. Whether you should purchase this bond or not depends on your personal investment strategy and preferences, considering factors such as the bond's value, market conditions, and your overall investment portfolio.
To calculate the price change of a bond with a duration of 4 when the yield to maturity (YTM) increases by 2%, we can use the formula:
Price Change = -Duration * Yield Change * Bond Price
Given:
Duration = 4
Yield Change = 2% (0.02)
Bond Price = $900
Price Change = -4 * 0.02 * $900
Price Change = -$72
The bond's price will decrease by $72.
a. The bond's market expected rate of return can be calculated by comparing the bond's coupon payment and its market price. It is given that the bond pays 12% interest annually and its market price is $1,062.20. The formula to calculate the expected rate of return is:
Market Expected Rate of Return = (Annual Coupon Payment / Market Price) + Annual Capital Gain Rate
Annual Coupon Payment = 12% of $1,000 = $120
Market Expected Rate of Return = ($120 / $1,062.20) + 0
Market Expected Rate of Return ≈ 0.1129 or 11.29%
b. The value of the bond to you, given your required rate of return, can be calculated using the bond valuation formula. The required rate of return is 10%.
Bond Value = (Annual Coupon Payment / Required Rate of Return) * [1 - (1 / (1 + Required Rate of Return)^n)] + (Par Value / (1 + Required Rate of Return)^n)
Where:
n = number of periods (15 years)
Par Value = $1,000
Bond Value = ($120 / 0.10) * [1 - (1 / (1 + 0.10)^15)] + ($1,000 / (1 + 0.10)^15)
Bond Value ≈ $1,062.43
The value of the bond to you is approximately $1,062.43.
c. Whether you should purchase this bond or not depends on your personal investment strategy and preferences. In this case, the market price of the bond is $1,062.20, and its value to you is $1,062.43. If you believe that the bond's value justifies the price and it aligns with your investment goals, you may consider purchasing it. However, it's important to conduct further analysis and consider factors such as the bond's credit rating, market conditions, and your overall investment portfolio before making a decision.
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Complete Question :
9. (Duration) How much will a bond with a duration of 4 and worth $900 change in price if the YTM increases by 2%? 10. (Bond valuation) Thumb Juice Corp.'s 15-year, $1,000 par value bonds pay 12% interest annually. The market price of the bonds is $1,062.20 and your required rate of return is 10%. a. Compute the bond's market expected rate of return. b. Determine the value of the bond to you, given your required rate of return. C. Should you purchase this bond? Why or why not?
According to a Wall Street Journal article from the period: "The relentless strength of the franc has already pushed some weaker Swiss exporters into bankruptcy, and sent others scrambling to slash prices to hold onto business. Tourists, an important source of income for the Swiss economy, are now finding it more expensive than ever." To help its export/tourist sector, how would the Swiss National Bank intervene in the FX market? [Hint: keep in mind what an increase or decrease in the SFr/€ exchange rate means for which currency is strengthening or weakening].
A. Sell Swiss francs for euros, causing an increase in the demand for euros and an increase in the exchange rate
B. Sell Swiss francs for euros, causing an increase in the supply of Swiss francs and a decrease in the exchange rate.
C. Sell euros for Swiss francs, causing an increase in the supply of euros and a decrease in the exchange rate.
D. Sell euros for Swiss francs, causing an increase in the demand for Swiss francs and an increase in the exchange rate.
'
According to a Wall Street Journal article, Swiss exporters were struggling due to the relentless strength of the franc. To help the export/tourist sector, the Swiss National Bank would intervene in the FX market by selling Swiss francs for euros. This would cause an increase in the supply of Swiss francs and a decrease in the exchange rate. The correct option is B.
The Swiss National Bank has been working to weaken the franc by selling Swiss francs and buying foreign currencies, such as the euro. When the Swiss National Bank sells Swiss francs in exchange for euros, it increases the supply of Swiss francs and decreases the supply of euros.
This, in turn, causes the Swiss franc to depreciate against the euro. This policy makes Swiss exports cheaper and more competitive on global markets, which is intended to help Swiss exporters.
A weaker Swiss franc also makes it more attractive for tourists to visit Switzerland since the costs of traveling and living in Switzerland will be lower. Therefore, this move will support the Swiss tourist sector.
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Bond J has a coupon rate of 5.9 percent. Bond S has a coupon rate of 15.9 percent. Both bonds have twelve years to maturity, make semiannual payments, and have a YTM of 12.8 percent. Requirement 1: If interest rates suddenly rise by 3 percent, what is the percentage change in the price of these bonds? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your answers to 2 decimal places (e.g., 32.16).) Requirement 2: If interest rates suddenly fall by 3 percent instead, what is the percentage change in the price of these bonds? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places (e.g., 32.16).)
If interest rates suddenly rise by 3 percent, the price of these bonds will decrease. The percentage change in the price of the bonds is:
Bond J:
Old price = 817.15
New price = 650.63
Percentage change = -20.42%
Bond S:
Old price = 1,678.49
New price = 1,270.68
Percentage change = -24.32%
If interest rates suddenly fall by 3 percent, the price of these bonds will increase. The percentage change in the price of the bonds is:
Bond J:
Old price = 991.56
New price = 1,262.33
Percentage change = 27.28%
Bond S:
Old price = 2,089.85
New price = 1,666.97
Percentage change = -19.18%
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Calculate the bond equivalent yield on a jumbo CD that is 120 days from maturity and has a quoted nominal yield of 7 percent.
The bond equivalent yield on the jumbo CD is 7.32 percent.
To calculate the bond equivalent yield on a jumbo CD, first convert the quoted nominal yield to a semi-annual yield. Since a year has two semi-annual periods, divide the nominal yield by two to get the semi-annual yield. In this case, 7 percent divided by 2 equals 3.5 percent.
Next, calculate the bond equivalent yield by multiplying the semi-annual yield by two. In this case, 3.5 percent multiplied by 2 equals 7 percent.
Therefore, the bond equivalent yield on the jumbo CD is 7 percent.
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A sovereign borrower is considering a $100 million loan for a 4-year maturity. It will be an amortizing loan, meaning that the interest and principal payments will total, annually, to a constant amount over the maturity of the loan. There is, however, a debate over the appropriate interest rate. The borrower believes the appropriate rate for its current credit standing in the market today is 9%, but a number of international banks with which it is negotiating are arguing that is most likely 13%, at the minimum 9%. What impact do these different interest rates have on the prospective annual payments?
A. The annual payment, if the interest rate was 9%, is $ _____.
B. The annual payment, if the interest rate was 13%, is $ _____
A. If the interest rate is 9%, the annual payment for the $100 million loan with a 4-year maturity would be approximately $29,958,324.
B. If the interest rate is 13%, the annual payment for the same loan would be approximately $34,193,653.
To calculate the annual payment for an amortizing loan, we can use the loan amortization formula. The formula is:
Annual Payment = Loan Amount / Present Value Annuity Factor
For a 4-year loan, the Present Value Annuity Factor can be calculated using the interest rate and the number of periods.
A. If the interest rate is 9%, the Present Value Annuity Factor for a 4-year loan is approximately 3.3403. Therefore, the annual payment would be $100 million / 3.3403 = approximately $29,958,324.
B. If the interest rate is 13%, the Present Value Annuity Factor for a 4-year loan is approximately 3.1481. Therefore, the annual payment would be $100 million / 3.1481 = approximately $34,193,653.
The difference in interest rates impacts the annual payment amount, with a higher interest rate resulting in a larger annual payment.
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How we can evaluate the: 1- Cash. 2- Account Receivable. 3-Inventory. 4-Short-term Investment.
Cash: Evaluate the amount of cash on hand by reviewing the cash flow statement and balance sheet, and analyzing the cash conversion cycle. Accounts Receivable: Calculate the accounts receivable turnover ratio by dividing net credit sales by average accounts receivable.
Inventory: Analyze the inventory turnover ratio by dividing the cost of goods sold by average inventory. Short-term Investments: Review the investment portfolio and assess the ROI by calculating the return on investment and comparing it with benchmarks or target returns.
To evaluate the financial health of a company, we can analyze the following key components:
1. Cash: Cash evaluation involves assessing the amount of cash a company has on hand. This can be done by reviewing the company's cash flow statement and balance sheet. Additionally, evaluating the company's cash conversion cycle can provide insights into its efficiency in managing cash.
2. Accounts Receivable: To evaluate accounts receivable, we can calculate the accounts receivable turnover ratio. This ratio measures how efficiently a company collects its credit sales. A higher turnover ratio indicates better management of accounts receivable. We can calculate the ratio by dividing net credit sales by average accounts receivable.
3. Inventory: Evaluating inventory involves analyzing its turnover ratio. A higher ratio indicates that a company is efficiently managing its inventory. The turnover ratio can be calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold by average inventory.
4. Short-term Investments: To evaluate short-term investments, we can review the company's investment portfolio and assess the returns generated. This can be done by calculating the return on investment (ROI) and comparing it with industry benchmarks or the company's target return.
By analyzing these components, we can gain a better understanding of a company's liquidity, efficiency, and overall financial performance. It's important to note that the evaluation process may vary depending on the industry and specific circumstances.
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Consumer motivation, perception, and learning are related to the __________ factors influencing consumer behavior.
Consumer motivation, perception, and learning are related to the psychological factors influencing consumer behavior.
Psychological factors play a crucial role in shaping consumer behavior. Let's briefly explore each of these factors:
1. Consumer Motivation: Motivation refers to the internal drive that compels individuals to take certain actions or make specific choices. In the context of consumer behavior, motivation influences the decision-making process and drives individuals to satisfy their needs and desires. Motivation can be categorized into two types: intrinsic (driven by internal desires) and extrinsic (driven by external rewards or incentives).
2. Perception: Perception refers to how individuals interpret and make sense of the information they receive from the environment. Consumer perception is influenced by various factors such as previous experiences, personal beliefs, and cultural background. Perception plays a vital role in shaping consumer attitudes and preferences towards products or services.
3. Learning: Learning refers to the process by which individuals acquire knowledge or skills through experience or education. In the context of consumer behavior, learning involves acquiring information about products, services, and brands, as well as the associated benefits and risks. Learning influences consumer decision-making by shaping their attitudes, preferences, and purchase behaviors.
Overall, consumer motivation, perception, and learning are psychological factors that significantly impact consumer behavior and ultimately shape their buying decisions.
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You work for a leveraged buyout firm and are evaluating a potential buyout of UnderWater Company. UnderWater's stock price is $20 and it has 1.75 million shares outstanding. You believe that if you buy the company and replace its management, its value will increase by 39%. You are planning on doing a leveraged buyout of UnderWater and will offer $25.00 per share for control of the company. a. Assuming you get 50% control, what will happen to the price of non-tendered shares? b. Given the answer in part (a), will shareholders tender their shares, not tender their shares, or be indifferent? c. What will your gain from the transaction be? a. Assuming you get 50% control, what will happen to the price of non-tendered shares? Share price will be $?. (Round to the nearest cent.) b. Given the answer in part (a), will shareholders tender their shares, not tender their shares, or be indifferent? (Select the best choice below.) O A. They will not want to tender their shares. OB. They will all want to tender their shares. OC. They will be indifferent. c. What will your gain from the transaction be? Gain will be $? million. (Round to two decimal places.)
a. Assuming you get 50% control, the price of non-tendered shares will be $20.00 per share. b. Given that the price of non-tendered shares remains the same at $20.00, shareholders will be indifferent to tendering their shares. c. Your gain from the transaction will be $6.825 million.
a. When you acquire 50% control of the company through a leveraged buyout, the price of non-tendered shares remains unaffected. This means that the price per share will remain at its original value of $20.00. Non-tendered shareholders will continue to hold their shares at the prevailing market price without any immediate impact from the buyout.
b. Given that the price of non-tendered shares remains the same at $20.00, shareholders will be indifferent to tendering their shares.
Since the price of non-tendered shares remains unchanged, shareholders will not be incentivized or compelled to tender their shares. They will be indifferent to the buyout offer as it does not alter the current market value of their shares. Shareholders may choose to retain their shares based on their individual assessment of the company's future prospects and potential returns.
c. Your gain from the transaction will be $6.825 million.
To calculate your gain, multiply the number of shares acquired (0.875 million shares) by the gain per share ($7.80). This results in a total gain of $6.825 million. The gain represents the increased value generated by the leveraged buyout and subsequent improvement in the company's performance, as estimated by the projected increase in value of 39%. It reflects the positive financial outcome resulting from your strategic investment and management decisions.
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meta wants managers to rank twice as many employees in its lowest performance-review categories
The given assertion "Meta maintains that managers should rank two times as many employees in its lowest performance-review categories." is true because Meta wants managers to rank twice as many employees in its lowest performance-review categories.
This directive aims to identify and address areas where performance improvement is needed within the organization. By increasing the number of individuals placed in the lowest categories, Meta intends to highlight underperforming employees and provide targeted support and development opportunities.
While this approach may raise concerns, Meta believes it will ultimately contribute to fostering a culture of continuous improvement and driving overall productivity.
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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:
meta wants managers to rank twice as many employees in its lowest performance-review categories. True or False.
Pedro buys an industrial piece of equipment that must be paid for by B/401.50 quarterly for 6 and a half years. After paying up to date for 2 years and 9 months, you decide to pay off the loan. How much should you pay, if the interest applied by the bank was 12%c/t ? The team for this problem is from: Financial Mathematics
The industrial equipment was purchased for B/401.50, and it must be paid for quarterly. The number of quarters that Pedro will pay for the equipment is 6.5 years, which is 6.5 x 4 = 26 quarters.
After paying up to date for 2 years and 9 months, Pedro has paid 2 x 4 + 9 = 17 quarters.Therefore, the number of quarters remaining is 26 - 17 = 9 quarters. Let P be the payment required to pay off the loan.
Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, we can write:`401.50*(1 + 0.12/4)^9 = P*(1 - (1 + 0.12/4)^-9)/(0.12/4)`Simplifying the right-hand side of the equation, we get:`P = 401.50*(1 + 0.03)^9*(0.03/0.88)`Using a calculator, we get P ≈ B/956.35.Therefore, Pedro should pay approximately B/956.35 to pay off the loan after 2 years and 9 months.
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Calculate the current price of a $5,000 par value bond that has a coupon rate of 14 percent, pays coupon interest quarterly (i.e., 4 times per year), has 28 years remaining to maturity, and has a current yield to maturity (discount rate) of 18 percent. (Round your answer to 2decimal places and record without dollar sign or commas)
Present Value (PV) is a financial concept that represents the current worth or value of future cash flows, taking into account the time value of money
Given data:
Face value (FV) of the bond (par value) = $5,000
Coupon rate (CR) = 14%
Payments per year (M) = 4
Time remaining until maturity (n) = 28 years
The current yield to maturity (YTM) = 18%
Let's use the below formula to calculate the price of a bond,
PV = C × [1 - 1/(1 + r/n)^(n×t)]/ (r/n) + F/(1 + r/n)^(n×t)
Where, PV = Present Value
C = Coupon payment
F = Face Value of bond
r = Current Yield to Maturity (Discount rate)
n = number of payments per year
t = time remaining until maturity
Substitute the given values in the formula.
PV = (C × [1 - 1/(1 + r/n)^(n×t)]/ (r/n)) + F/(1 + r/n)^(n×t)
PV = (7,000 × [1 - 1/(1 + 0.18/4)^(4×28)]/ (0.18/4)) + 5,000/(1 + 0.18/4)^(4×28)
PV = $2,876.10
Therefore, the current price of the bond is $2,876.10.
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Suppose it is January 1990 and the current spot rate for the DM is $0.6015, You purchased a call option for a pminium of 1008 a for DiM 100,000 and an exercise price of $0.5795. What cash flow could be earned trom immediately exercising the eall option? $2,200 .$1,650 −$2,200 $3.850
Cash flow earned from exercising call option immediately: $2,200 (January 1990, spot rate $0.6015, exercise price $0.5795).
To determine the cash flow earned from immediately exercising the call option, we need to calculate the intrinsic value of the option.
Intrinsic value of a call option = Spot rate - Exercise price
Given:
Spot rate = $0.6015
Exercise price = $0.5795
Intrinsic value = $0.6015 - $0.5795 = $0.022
Next, we need to calculate the cash flow by multiplying the intrinsic value by the amount of the option, which is 100,000 DM.
Cash flow = Intrinsic value × Option amount
Cash flow = $0.022 × 100,000 DM = $2,200
Therefore, the cash flow that could be earned from immediately exercising the call option is $2,200.
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5. The price of a boat is $45,000. You put 10% down and the remainder of the balance is financed (meaning a loan will be taken for the remaining balance) at 4.25% compounded monthly for 5 years.
a. (4pts) What is the amount financed? b. (8 pts) What is the monthly loan payment?
Given that the price of a boat is $45,000. You put 10% down and the remainder of the balance is financed (meaning a loan will be taken for the remaining balance) at 4.25% compounded monthly for 5 years.
a. What is the amount financed?The amount financed is equal to the difference between the price of the boat and the amount of down payment.Price of the boat = $45,000Amount of down payment = 10% of $45,000 = $4,500Amount financed = Price of the boat - Amount of down paymentAmount financed = $45,000 - $4,500 = $40,500
b. What is the monthly loan payment?The monthly loan payment can be calculated using the following formula EMI = (P x r x (1+r)^n) / ((1+r)^n - 1)Where,EMI = Equated Monthly Installment P = Principal amount (Amount Financed)r = Interest rate per month n = Total number of monthly payments EMI = [(40,500) x (0.0425/12) x (1+0.0425/12)^(5x12)] / [(1+0.0425/12)^(5x12) - 1]EMI = $754.78 (approx)Therefore, the monthly loan payment is $754.78 (approx).
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