Answer the following question:
"Is our score a good 'age index' that can be used to tell how
old a volcano is just from its surface features?" and make a graph
with the chart that was given

Sedimentary grains described as "shades of yellow, milky white to translucent grey or colourless" are quartz.

According to the Sedimentary Rock Identification Procedure, sedimentary grains described as "shades of yellow, milky white to translucent grey or colourless" are quartz.

Quartz is a common mineral found in sedimentary rocks and comes in a variety of colours including shades of yellow, milky white, translucent grey, and colourless. It is a strong and resilient mineral that often survives weathering and erosion, making it an important ingredient in many sedimentary rock formations. 

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Find the volume of a pyramid with a square base, where the area of the base is [tex]\displaystyle 27.5 cm^2[/tex] and the height of the pyramid is 8.6 cm.

To find the volume of a pyramid with a square base, we can use the formula:

[tex]\displaystyle V = \frac{1}{3} \times \text{Base Area} \times \text{Height}[/tex]

Given that the area of the base is 27.5 cm[tex]^2[/tex] and the height of the pyramid is 8.6 cm, we can substitute these values into the formula to calculate the volume.

[tex]\displaystyle V = \frac{1}{3} \times 27.5 \, \text{cm}^2 \times 8.6 \, \text{cm}[/tex]

Simplifying the expression:

[tex]\displaystyle V = \frac{1}{3} \times 235.5 \, \text{cm}^3[/tex]

Calculating the result:

[tex]\displaystyle V = 78.5 \, \text{cm}^3[/tex]

Rounding the answer to the nearest tenth of a cubic centimeter, the volume of the pyramid is approximately 78.5 cm[tex]^3[/tex].

In the pycnocline layer below the surface layer of the oceans, the dominant process affecting the concentration of dissolved oxygen concentrations in seawater is the consumption of oxygen by respiration and decomposition.

This is because as organic matter settles from the surface layer to the deeper waters, it undergoes decomposition by bacteria and other organisms, which consume oxygen in the process. This consumption of oxygen leads to lower oxygen concentrations in the pycnocline layer.

The reaction of oxygen with iron and other elements in suspended sediment particles does not play a significant role in affecting dissolved oxygen concentrations in the pycnocline layer. However, it can occur in certain environments, such as oxygen-minimum zones, where oxygen concentrations are extremely low and certain chemical reactions involving iron and other elements may influence oxygen levels.

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1.The top products of Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union include unrefined oil, refined petrol, oil gas, gold, and coal briquettes, which are mostly exported to China, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belarus, and Germany.

Russia was the world's largest exporter of wheat, semi-finished iron, non-fillet frozen fish, crude nickel, and pig iron in 2020. 2.Recent Russian foreign policy decisions signal President Putin’s desire for a rapid and complete exit from its “Near Abroad" is false.

Russia's main exports include energy (oil other petroleum-based goods, gas, coal), rolling steel, nonferrous and ferrous metals, and minerals. A large portion of Russian exports are made up of oil and petroleum products. Natural gas, lumber, fertilisers, machinery and equipment, and armaments are all major exports.

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Andrew Jackson is credited with creating the template for the disciplined, patronage-based political party. The Choctaw, the Iroquois, and the Chickasaw were not counted by white Americans as one of the "Five Civilized Tribes".

Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States, was a Native American lawyer, planter, general, and statesman who led the nation from 1829 until 1837. Before being elected president, he achieved distinction as an officer in the American Army as well as served in both houses of Congress.

When Andrew Jackson beat the British in New Orleans, he became a national hero. JIn 1824, a variety of state political factions supported Jackson; by 1828, enough had sided with "Old Hickory" to win many elections in several states and seize control of the federal government in Washington.

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An increase in the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere may lead to changes in the intensity, arrival time, and duration of the South Asian Monsoon.

The South Asian Monsoon is a seasonal weather phenomenon that brings heavy rainfall to the Indian subcontinent and neighboring regions. It is primarily driven by temperature differences between landmasses and oceans, along with atmospheric pressure gradients. An increase in CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere can influence these factors and potentially impact the monsoon system.

Intensity of rainfall: Higher CO₂ levels can contribute to global warming, leading to increased atmospheric moisture content. This can result in more intense rainfall during the monsoon season, potentially leading to higher precipitation rates and increased flood risks.

Arrival time: Changes in atmospheric circulation patterns due to CO₂⁻ induced climate change can affect the timing of the South Asian Monsoon. Shifts in pressure systems and wind patterns may delay or advance the onset of the monsoon, altering the timing of rainfall and agricultural activities.

Duration: CO²⁻ induced climate change can also influence the duration of the monsoon season. Variations in temperature and atmospheric conditions can affect the length of the monsoon, potentially shortening or prolonging the period of rainfall.

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What impacts of an increase in the

concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere may have on the intensity

(in terms of the amount of rainfall), the arrival time, and the

duration of the South Asian Monsoon?

1. Explain in your own words why South Asian Monsoon is so much stronger than the North American Monsoon 2. What impacts of an increase in the concentration of {CO} 2 in the  atmosphere may have on the intensity (in terms of the amount of rainfall), the arrival time, and the duration of the South Asian Monsoon?

Answer:

Britain/United Kingdom

Explanation:

Whether Thailand should build the "Kra Canal" is a complex decision that requires consideration of various factors. The Kra Canal refers to a proposed canal that would connect the Andaman Sea to the Gulf of Thailand, providing a shorter maritime route for ships, particularly avoiding the Strait of Malacca.

Advantages of building the Kra Canal:

Economic benefits: The canal could potentially enhance trade and economic activities by reducing shipping distances, transit times, and costs for vessels passing through the region.

Geopolitical advantages: The canal could provide Thailand with increased strategic importance, as it would offer an alternative route for international shipping and potentially reduce dependence on the Strait of Malacca.

Regional development: The construction of the canal could spur economic growth in the surrounding areas, attracting investments, creating job opportunities, and boosting infrastructure development.

Considerations against building the Kra Canal:

Environmental impact: The canal's construction could have significant ecological consequences, including habitat destruction, alteration of water flows, and potential harm to marine ecosystems.

Cost and feasibility: The project would require substantial financial investment, engineering expertise, and ongoing maintenance. Assessing the economic viability and ensuring the canal's long-term sustainability is essential.

Geopolitical implications: The development of the Kra Canal may have geopolitical implications, potentially affecting relationships with neighboring countries and existing shipping routes.

Ultimately, the decision to build the Kra Canal should involve careful evaluation of its potential benefits, environmental impacts, costs, and broader geopolitical considerations. Thorough studies, consultations with experts, and stakeholder engagement are crucial in making an informed decision that aligns with Thailand's long-term interests.

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The positions and thicknesses of the lithosphere, asthenosphere, and crust can vary depending on specific tectonic settings and geological conditions at different plate boundaries.

Continental-Continental Convergent Plate Boundary: In this type of boundary, two continental plates collide. The crust in this cross section would consist of continental crust on both sides. The lithosphere, which includes the rigid outer layer of the plates, would be relatively thick. The asthenosphere, which is the partially molten layer below the lithosphere, would be positioned beneath the thick lithosphere.

Continental-Oceanic Subduction Zone: In this type of boundary, an oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental plate. The cross section would show an oceanic crust on one side and continental crust on the other. The oceanic crust is denser and thinner than the continental crust. The lithosphere would be relatively thinner on the oceanic side and thicker on the continental side. The asthenosphere would be present beneath the lithosphere, positioned beneath both the oceanic and continental crust.

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Smartphones are made globally for a cost advantage, using a variety of modes of transportation with sustainability efforts focused on reducing waste and emissions.

Smartphones, a product used by many people every day, are rooted in technological advancements in several countries. Companies like Apple, Samsung and Huawei have contributed significantly to their development. These devices are often manufactured in other parts of the world to take advantage of cheaper labour, specialized components, established supply chains, and proximity to major consumer markets.

Various modes of smartphone transport, including air, sea, and road, with energy sources such as fossil fuels are commonly used. The smartphone industry faces sustainability challenges related to resource extraction, waste generation, and carbon emissions. Progress has been made, but achieving full harmony with sustainable development is still a work in progress. Efforts are focused on reducing e-waste, using renewable energy, ensuring fair labour practices, and contributing to the local economy and innovation. 

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Explanation:

Answer:

Horizontally layered rocks develop when layers of the rock are flat-lying. This type of topography associated with horizontally layered rocks can result in canyon landscapes when horizontal strata have varying resistance to erosion . The type of strain (deformation) that develops in a rock depends on the initial conditions of the rock , including the composition of the rock and the forces acting upon it. Over time, erosional processes such as weathering and water erosion can erode different layers of the rock at different rates, leading to the development of layered topography.

Explanation:

The temperature at 3000 meters would be 7.9°C.

The lapse rate refers to the rate at which the temperature decreases with increasing altitude. In this context, the "normal lapse rate" indicates the average rate of temperature decrease per unit of vertical distance, typically expressed in degrees Celsius per kilometer or per thousand meters.

It helps estimate the change in temperature at different elevations and is an important factor in understanding atmospheric temperature variations and vertical temperature profiles in various regions.

The normal lapse rate is approximately 6.5°C per 1000 meters of elevation. Therefore, at 3000 meters, the temperature will decrease by (6.5°C * 3) 19.5°C.

So, the temperature at 3000 meters would be 27.4°C - 19.5°C

= 7.9°C.

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Here are some examples that kids can use to explain how we know the Earth is round/spherical the Shape of the Horizon, Gravity and Falling Objects and Different Time Zones.

The Shape of the Horizon: Kids can observe that when they look out at the ocean or a large field, the horizon appears curved or rounded. This indicates that the Earth is not flat, as a flat surface would show a straight horizon.

Traveling Around the World: Kids can learn that when people travel long distances, they can circumnavigate the globe by going in one direction and eventually returning to their starting point. This is possible because the Earth is a sphere, and traveling in a straight line will eventually bring you back to where you started.

Gravity and Falling Objects: Kids can understand that gravity pulls everything towards the center of the Earth. If the Earth were flat, objects would fall straight down. However, we observe that objects dropped from a height, like a ball or a toy, fall towards the ground in a curved path. This is because the Earth's gravity pulls objects towards its center, which happens on a spherical surface.

Different Time Zones: Kids can explore the concept of different time zones around the world. When it is daytime in one part of the world, it is nighttime in another part. This is because the Earth is round, and as it rotates, different regions experience sunlight at different times.

Photos from Space: Kids can see pictures taken from space by astronauts and satellites, showing the Earth as a round object. These images provide visual evidence that the Earth is spherical.

By using these examples, kids can understand and explain how we know that the Earth is round/spherical. It helps them grasp the concept of Earth's shape and reinforces scientific observations and evidence.

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One way a felsic, low density crust can form out of an ultramafic mantle is through the process of fractional crystallization, where the minerals with higher silica content crystallize and separate from the remaining melt, leading to the formation of a felsic crust.

Idaho's igneous rocks provide insights into the region's geologic past, revealing evidence of volcanic activity and the presence of different magma compositions, which help to understand the tectonic processes and geologic history of the area.

One way a felsic, low density crust can form out of an ultramafic mantle is through the process of fractional crystallization,

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The impact of agriculture on different religions of the world can vary significantly depending on the specific religious beliefs, practices, and cultural contexts. It is important to note that agriculture has played a crucial role in the development and sustenance of civilizations, shaping societal structures, cultural practices, and religious beliefs.

Agriculture as a Divine Gift: In many religions, agriculture is seen as a divine gift or blessing. It is often associated with deities or gods who are believed to provide fertility to the land and ensure bountiful harvests. This perspective may lead to rituals, prayers, and offerings dedicated to these deities, seeking their favor and protection for agricultural endeavors.

Sacred Relationship with the Earth: Some religions emphasize a sacred relationship with the earth and nature. Agriculture, as a means of cultivating the land and harnessing its resources, can be seen as an integral part of this relationship. Such religions may encourage sustainable and harmonious practices that respect the environment, promote stewardship, and foster a sense of interconnectedness with all living beings.

Festivals and Rituals: Agriculture often shapes the religious calendar and observances of various traditions. Festivals and rituals may be closely tied to agricultural cycles, such as planting, harvesting, and seasonal changes. These celebrations may involve communal gatherings, prayers, offerings, and thanksgiving ceremonies, highlighting the significance of agriculture in religious and cultural contexts.

Dietary Practices: Agriculture significantly influences dietary practices, and religion plays a role in shaping these practices for many individuals and communities. Religions may prescribe specific dietary rules and restrictions, which can be influenced by agricultural products. For instance, some religions may prohibit the consumption of certain animal products or advocate for vegetarianism/veganism, reflecting a spiritual or ethical stance that has implications for agricultural practices.

Symbolism and Metaphors: Agricultural symbolism and metaphors are often employed in religious texts, scriptures, and teachings. Imagery related to sowing, reaping, and the growth of crops may be used to convey spiritual lessons, moral values, or the cycle of life and death. These metaphors can provide believers with a deeper understanding of their religious teachings and offer insights into the human experience.

It is essential to recognize that the impact of agriculture on religion is not uniform across all faiths and can vary significantly based on local customs, traditions, and interpretations of religious texts. The aforementioned statements serve as general characterizations and should not be considered exhaustive or universally applicable.

The diverse climate and elevation range in Samts create a rich and dynamic environment that influences the daily lives, livelihoods, and ecological systems of the local communities. Understanding these climatic factors is essential for sustainable development and resource management in the dzongkhag.

Samtse is a dzongkhag located in Bhutan, characterized by its varying elevation and climate. The dzongkhag ranges in elevation from 300 to 800 meters above sea level. The temperature in Samtse varies throughout the year, with a mean range of 15 to 30 degrees Celsius.

The varying elevation in Samtse contributes to the diverse climate patterns experienced in the region. Higher elevations tend to have cooler temperatures, while lower elevations experience warmer conditions. This range of elevation also influences other climatic factors such as precipitation and vegetation patterns.

In terms of rainfall, Samtse receives an annual rainfall ranging from 1500 to 4000 millimeters. The amount of rainfall varies depending on the specific location and elevation within the dzongkhag. Higher elevations often experience more rainfall due to orographic effects, where moist air is forced to rise and condense as it encounters mountains.

The combination of varying elevation, temperature, and rainfall in Samtse contributes to the region's unique ecological and agricultural characteristics. The different microclimates within the dzongkhag support a range of vegetation types, including subtropical forests in lower elevations and temperate forests in higher elevations. The availability of water from rainfall also plays a crucial role in supporting agriculture and the cultivation of crops in the region.

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The two quick hand sample tests that can be used easily to distinguish limestone from chert are fizzing and scratching. When limestone is dropped in acid, it fizzes and forms bubbles of carbon dioxide. Chert, on the other hand, does not fizz when dropped in acid.

The two quick hand sample tests that can be used easily to distinguish limestone from chert are fizzing and scratching. When limestone is dropped in acid, it fizzes and forms bubbles of carbon dioxide. Chert, on the other hand, does not fizz when dropped in acid. Therefore, the fizz test can be used to distinguish limestone from chert.In addition, chert is harder and more resistant to erosion compared to limestone. Therefore, scratching can be used to distinguish the two. Limestone is softer and can be scratched with a knife, while chert cannot be scratched with a knife.The quick hand sample test that can be used to distinguish limestone from rock salt is the taste test. Limestone is composed of calcium carbonate and does not have any taste, while rock salt is composed of sodium chloride and has a salty taste.Therefore, the taste test can be used to distinguish limestone from rock salt.

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The type of metamorphism that occurs adjacent to igneous intrusive bodies is contact metamorphism.

The parent rock of marble is limestone. Marble forms through the metamorphism of limestone, which is primarily composed of the mineral calcite. Under high temperature and pressure conditions, the calcite recrystallizes and forms the interlocking grains of marble.

The parent rock of slate and phyllite is shale. Slate and phyllite are both derived from the metamorphism of shale, which is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of clay minerals.

The green-colored mica that is an index mineral for low-grade metamorphism is chlorite. Chlorite is a common mineral in low-grade metamorphic rocks such as greenschist.

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The cases of the West African Sahel and Machakos, Kenya, provide insights into the debates surrounding the causes of environmental change in Africa.

Both regions have experienced significant environmental challenges, but the causes and dynamics differ, reflecting the complexities of environmental change on the continent.

West African Sahel: The Sahel region has faced environmental degradation, desertification, and food insecurity. One debated cause is the role of human activities, such as overgrazing, unsustainable agricultural practices, and deforestation. Critics argue that population growth and resource exploitation contribute to environmental degradation. However, proponents highlight the significance of climatic factors, particularly droughts and changing rainfall patterns, as primary drivers of desertification and land degradation.

Machakos, Kenya: Machakos is known for its success in environmental restoration and community-led initiatives. The region experienced land degradation, soil erosion, and water scarcity. The debates here revolve around the importance of local actions and community resilience. Supporters emphasize the role of community-led efforts, including sustainable land management practices, reforestation, and water conservation. They argue that community empowerment and indigenous knowledge contribute to environmental restoration and improved livelihoods.

These cases highlight the complex interplay between human activities and climatic factors in driving environmental change. While the Sahel debate emphasizes the interaction between natural and anthropogenic factors, the Machakos case underscores the significance of community-led initiatives and local solutions. Both cases demonstrate the need for a holistic understanding of environmental change, considering social, economic, and ecological factors, as well as the importance of context-specific approaches to address the challenges faced in different regions of Africa.

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Answer:

The Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan. The canal handles more vessel traffic than had ever been envisioned by its builders. By 2012, more than 815,000 vessels had passed through the canal. In 2017 it took ships an average of 11.38 hours to pass between the canal's two locks.

Explanation:

Explanation:

The p value is a number, calculated from a statistical test, that describes how likely you are to have found a particular set of observations if the null hypothesis were true. P values are used in hypothesis testing to help decide whether to reject the null hypothesis

The world's oil will last is a matter of speculation and uncertainty. While there are estimates and projections made by experts, the precise duration of oil reserves is difficult to determine due to various factors at play.

One thing is clear, though: we're going to have to start looking for alternatives to fossil fuels sooner rather than later. Even if we do have another 50 or 100 years' worth of oil left, that's really not very long in the grand scheme of things.

We need to be thinking about the future, and how we can make our societies more sustainable in the long run.

Personally, I think that we need to be investing more in renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro power. These sources of energy are much more sustainable than fossil fuels, and they're becoming more and more cost-effective every year. We also need to be more mindful of our energy consumption, and look for ways to reduce our overall energy usage in our daily lives. This might mean things like driving less, insulating our homes better, or investing in more energy-efficient appliances.All in all, I think that there are a lot of reasons to be hopeful about the future of energy. While there are certainly some big challenges that we'll need to overcome, there are also a lot of opportunities for innovation and progress. I'm excited to see what the future holds, and I'm looking forward to being a part of the solution.

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The cultural significance of water has both changed and remained consistent throughout history.

In ancient Egypt, the Nile River held immense cultural significance. It was not only a source of freshwater for drinking and agriculture but also played a central role in religious and mythological beliefs. The annual flooding of the Nile was seen as a natural phenomenon directly linked to the fertility of the land. Egyptians believed that the river was a divine gift and that the prosperity of their civilization depended on it.

Across various cultures today, water continues to hold deep symbolic meaning as a source of life and vitality. This perspective is especially prominent in arid regions or areas where water scarcity is a significant concern. The specific cultural interpretations and practices associated with water have evolved and adapted to the changing times.

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The South African government should prepare for the potential effects of climate change on freshwater resources, as well as the possible consequences for the country's citizens.

Climate change has the potential to harm freshwater resources and the ecosystem that supports them in South Africa. With climate change, the quality and quantity of water available in South Africa are projected to deteriorate, according to literature. The country's water cycle is anticipated to change, and droughts, floods, and heat waves are expected to become more severe. Climate change is predicted to reduce surface water supplies, making it more difficult to satisfy the demand for freshwater. Because of the additional water scarcity, other sources of freshwater, such as groundwater, will be stressed, leading to groundwater depletion and deterioration. Furthermore, the quality of freshwater resources may deteriorate, leading to a variety of other issues. As water temperatures increase, algae blooms may become more frequent, leading to additional water pollution and toxic conditions. As a result, the South African government should prepare for the potential effects of climate change on freshwater resources, as well as the possible consequences for the country's citizens.

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This might be an example of the use of  D. persuasion/propaganda maps.

In the days before satellite assisted navigation The correct answer is C. plan or vertical.

The map made by a local business organization to show the benefits of moving businesses to their town is considered  a type of map that tries to persuade or convince people. These maps are made to encourage people to do something or believe in a certain way.

In this situation, the Chamber of Commerce is using the map to show the advantages of their town as a good place for businesses. They want to attract businesses to move there.

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The option that is not true about a map is

A profile view is not a characteristic of a typical map. A map is a visual representation or depiction of an area, usually on a flat surface, showing various features and information about the location being represented.

It typically includes symbols to represent features, a reduced scale to fit the area on the map, and generalization to simplify and convey information effectively.

Additionally, maps often use projection methods to represent the three-dimensional Earth on a two-dimensional surface. However, a profile view, which shows a cross-sectional representation of the terrain or features along a specific line, is not typically included in a map.

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The major anticipated effects of climate change projected by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) are rising sea levels and snow cover and sea ice likely to decrease. The right answer is b and d.

The premier worldwide organisation for evaluating climate change is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It is a crucial source of technical advice and scientific knowledge. Governments at all stages can use the scientific data provided by the IPCC to create climate policies. The primary task of the IPCC is to create thorough assessments of climate change, its causes, effects, and available remedies.

A higher atmosphere, a warmer along with a more acidic ocean, rising sea levels, and more significant changes in precipitation patterns are anticipated in the future. What we do now to cut greenhouse gas emissions will determine how much climate change there will be in the future. Future adjustments will be more significant as we emit more.

The correct answer is option b and d.

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I chose the above areas because they are all important and pressing environmental issues that need to be addressed.

Agriculture is a major driver of climate change and deforestation, and it is also essential for food security. Research in this area can help us to develop more sustainable agricultural practices that reduce our impact on the environment while also meeting the needs of a growing population.

Climate is one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time. Research in this area can help us to understand the causes and effects of climate change, and to develop solutions to mitigate and adapt to its impacts.

Disasters are becoming more frequent and severe due to climate change.

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In Ptolemy's aide the longitude and degrees were used and the natural regions were given. The al-idrisi aide shows the Northern piece of Africa and need information about Southeast Asia and Horn of Africa.

Al-Idrisi, an Arab geographer, was in charge of more than 70 maps. The Mediterranean Sea, northern Africa, Europe, and a portion of Asia are all on this al-Idrisi map. It is oriented with the top facing south. Tabula Rogeriana was created by him, one of the most advanced medieval world maps.

In the second century, Greco-Roman societies had access to a map of the world known as the Ptolemy world map. It depends on the depiction contained in Ptolemy's book Topography, composed c. 150. It has traditionally been attributed to Agathodaemon of Alexandria, as evidenced by an inscription found in several of the earliest manuscripts still in existence.

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