Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Streptococcus pyogenes are gram-positive bacteria that have toxic properties due to proteins on their cell walls.
Gram positive Bacteria- The color that gram-positive microbes acquire when stained is used to identify them. Hans Christian Gram created the staining method in 1884. The crystal violet dye employed in the staining procedure is retained by the thick peptidoglycan cell wall seen in gram-positive organisms.
Peptidoglycan- The cytoplasmic membrane of the majority of bacterial species is covered in a dense substance known as peptidoglycan. It protects bacterial cells from environmental stress and aids in maintaining cell shape throughout the life cycle. Peptidoglycan synthesis plays a crucial part in regulating bacterial cell cycle.
The given question is incomplete, find below the complete question.
------------diphtheriae and -------------pyogenes are gram-positive bacteria that have toxic properties due to proteins on their cell walls.
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Which of the following is arranged in the order of increasing levels of organization?
Answer: cells -tissues- organization- system
Explanation:
Lana is studying the deer that live in a forest . She concludes that all of the deer are members of the same Choose .
Answer: Species
Explanation: Hope it helps!
How does a prism separate white light into the different colors that compose it?.
The prism separates white light into the different colors that compose it, as white light passes through a prism, shorter wavelengths refract more than longer wavelengths, and the colors separate.
Visible light commonly referred to as white light is made up of several different colors. It is common to see these hues as light travels through a triangular prism. The white light is broken down into its component colors—red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet—as it passes through the prism. Dispersion is the division of visible light into various colors.
Each wavelength of light is refracted by a slightly different amount when it travels through a prism due to the angles and planar faces of the object. The most refracted color and one with the highest frequency is violet. Red is refracted the least and has the lowest frequency. White light is spread out and divided into the colors of the spectrum as a result of how differently each hue is refracted, which causes each color to bend at a different angle.
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It takes more than 8 hours for ingested carbohydrate to be digested, absorbed, and circulated in the cells. True or false?.
Answer: false..................
Explanation:
4.) imagine that you place two endothermic mammals, a mouse and an elephant, in a freezer and leave them there for an hour. which would have the most difficulty maintaining temperature homeostasis? explain your reasoning.
the mouse would have difficulty maintaining temperature homeostasis because it has a large surface area to volume ratio.
Homeostasis is any self-regulating manner by means of which an organism tends to hold stability whilst adjusting to stipulations that are nice for its survival. If homeostasis is successful, lifestyles continues; if it is unsuccessful, it results in a catastrophe or dying of the organism.
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A channel protein, but not a carrier protein, can exist in a open configuration creating a pore through a membrane. True or false?.
The given statement is true.
On one side of the membrane, carrier proteins bind to molecules or ions and release them on the opposite side.In order to allow target molecules or ions to diffusely pass through the membrane without interfering with one another, channel proteins make holes/pores that permeate the membrane.The specific solute to be transported is bound by carrier proteins (also known as carriers, permeases, or transporters), which then go through a series of conformational changes to move the bound solute across the membrane.In contrast, channel proteins have significantly weaker interactions with the solute being conveyed.While some channel proteins are always open, others are "gated," which means that they respond to a specific stimulus to either open or close the channel (like an electrical signal or the binding of a molecule).Transport proteins known as channel proteins contain a hydrophilic channel via which specific molecules or ions can pass across the membrane (Ex: aquaporins for water). Transport proteins known as carrier proteins bind to molecules and modify their structure to move them across the membrane.Learn more about channel protein here:
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PLS HELP 100 PTS!
The term "dirty snowball" is a pretty good description of what type of object?
A. moon
B. asteroid
C. Sun
D. comet
E. all of the above
Answer: The sun
Hope this helps
msd2, an apoplastic mn-sod, contributes to root skotomorphogenic growth by modulating ros distribution in arabidopsis
The correct answer is because MSD2 an apoplastic regulates ROS distribution during root skotomorphogenesis it plays an important role in plant growth and development.
MSD2 expression in roots is light condition dependent, implying that MSD2 may influence ROS metabolism in roots during the light-to-dark transition. ROS distribution, which exhibits an opposite gradient of H2O2 and O2radical dot in etiolated msd2 mutants and is accompanied by changes in the onset of differentiation, governs root architecture. MSD2 is secreted and has SOD activity that can be inhibited by tyrosine 68 nitration. Although membrane-localized NADPH oxidases are well known for producing ROS during developmental and stress responses, the metabolic pathways of the superoxide (O2radical dot) produced by them in the apoplast are poorly understood, and the identity of the apoplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Arabidopsis is unknown.
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Identifya controversial environmental issue in your community that fits into one of the following three major categories: resource depletion, pollution, or loss of biodiversity. Discuss how the issue is being addressed and whether or not the conflicts associated with “the tragedy of the commons” are affecting solutions to the problems.
A controversial environmental issue in my community is river pollution. that the city's sewage goes to the river in the wrong way, with that all life in that river is improper, the conflicts associated with the "tragedy of the commons" are affecting the solutions to the problems, because companies want to continue throwing pollution in the rivers but the population wants.
What is river pollution?Polluted rivers are those springs that receive in their waters all kinds of polluting residues such as chemical, physical and biological agents. They are harmful to soil, fauna, flora and human activities. Freshwater sources are vital for humans, but they receive a large number of pollutants.
With this information, we can conclude that Rivers are polluted by the contamination of organic waste, including human and animal excretions, and agricultural waste resulting from plant decomposition.
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a scan of sam’s genome for the 100 most common mutations known to cause rp didn’t find anything. how can you explain this result?
a scan of sam’s genome for the 100 most common mutations known to cause rp didn’t find anything. as He either doesn't have the RP(Retina Pigmentosa) gene or the RP gene has changed.
Retina Pigmentosa, also known as RP, is an inherited eye condition. Degenerative in nature, the illness causes the sufferer to gradually lose his vision. It typically begins as night blindness and can progress to complete blindness.
The majority of instances of Retina Pigmentosa illness are caused by mutations in both the RPGR and RP2 genes, which are in charge of the structure and operation of light-reception in the eye.
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chloroplasts and mitochondria share a common trait with the nucleus that the other organelles do not. what is this shared characteristic?
The shared characters of Mitochondria and Chloroplast with Nucleus is that the both cell organelle are having double membrane, own DNA, and involve in energy production.
Organelles bound by a double membrane include the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells. A eukaryotic nucleus is made up of the nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope (NE), nuclear lamina, and nucleolus.
Nucleoplasm- The protoplasm of a nucleus.
Nuclear Lamina- The inner nuclear membrane and the peripheral chromatin are both structures that are adjacent to the nuclear lamina. Lamins, which are also present in the nucleus, and proteins that link lamins make up this structure.
Nucleolus- A region composed of RNA and proteins that is found inside the nucleus of a cell and is where ribosomes are produced.
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pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that causes deterioration of the muscles. it is seen almost exclusively in boys born to unaffected parents and usually results in death in the early teens.
Recessive; if muscular dystrophy were dominant, would affect one parent of a child born with disorder. disorder's inheritance is sex-linked because seen only in boys. For girl to have disorder, she would have to inherit recessive alleles from both parents. would be rare, since males with recessive allele on X chromosome die in their early teens
A rare form of the condition known as pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy frequently develops into severe handicap within a few years after onset, is more prevalent in boys, and starts before puberty. The other types of dystrophies typically start in youth or early adulthood and affect both men and women equally.
The complete question is,
Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that causes gradual deterioration of the muscles. It is seen almost exclusively in boys born to apparently unaffected parents and usually results in death in the early teens. Is this disorder caused by a dominant or a recessive allele? Is its inheritance sex-linked or autosomal? How do you know? Explain why this disorder is almost never seen in girls.
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Please Help! Calcium is an ion found in many of the foods we eat. Why is calcium needed in living organisms?
It is not needed since it is an inorganic compound
it maintains a balance of water
it helps maintain the acid balance in the body
it plays an important roll in the function of muscles
According to the research, the correct option is it plays an important role in the function of muscles. That is the statement that describes why calcium is needed in living organisms.
What is calcium?It is a metal that exists in all tissues, but especially in bones, where it constitutes the main inorganic component.
In this sense, It intervenes in multiple processes, they are responsible for regulating muscle contraction (along with potassium and sodium) and participate in the metabolism of glycogen, so it is very important that its blood level remains constant.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is it plays an important role in the function of muscles. That is the statement that describes why calcium is needed in living organisms.
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How many turns of the calvin cycle are required to produce one molecule of glucose?.
Answer:
3 turns[tex]\mathrh{.}[/tex]
Answer:
2
Explanation:
what effect does the nervous system have on the heart rate? stimulation by sympathetic nerves sets the resting heart rate of the pacemaker cells in the sa node. stimulation by sympathetic nerves causes the pacemaker cells of the av node to depolarize more rapidly than the pacemaker cells of the sa node. stimulation by either the sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves causes pacemaker cells in the sa node to depolarize more slowly. stimulation by parasympathetic nerves causes the heart rate to slow down. the nervous system does not directly affect the heart rate.
The effect nervous system has on the heart rate is
Stimulation with the aid of parasympathetic nerves causes the coronary heart charge to slow down.
the 2 branches of the autonomic (involuntary) worried machine regulate coronary heart price. The parasympathetic apprehensive system and the sympathetic apprehensive gadget (SNS and PNS) (PNS).
To increase heart rate, the sympathetic worried gadget (SNS) produces the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The hormone acetylcholine is released with the aid of the parasympathetic apprehensive gadget (PNS) to reduce the coronary heart fee. Your heart rate may briefly increase due to stress, espresso, and pleasure, whereas it is able to temporarily lower because of meditation or deep, constant respiration.
Any quantity of exercise will enhance your coronary heart fee, a good way to stay up as long as you hold exercising.
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Plants use nitrogen to make
So first I have to write on the bottom so it say I have to write an explanation about why my activity was scientific and I have to put which field of study my activity most closely connects with. you I must have 5 sentences in my explanation.
These are the fields of study:
Environmental science
Biology
Chemistry
Physical properties of matter
Gravity and forces
Newton’s law
Geology
Energy
Astrology
Technology
Engineering
Oceanography
Meteorology
Its activity was scientific because it allowed the visualization of elements of nature that occur and are explained through science.
What areas of study apply to this activity?Environmental science.Biology.Oceanography.Environmental science can be seen when you and your family observe elements of nature during the trip, such as the environment around you and the beings that make it up such as plants, animals, the wind, and the sun, among others.
This also allows you to see biological elements, as most of the activities took place in contact with outdoor environments that have many biological resources.
Finally, you say that you were observing the waves in the ocean and this is directly related to oceanography, which studies how the movement of the ocean can form waves.
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consider a population of birds where three phenotypes exist. red birds leave 10 offspring in the next generation, reddish orange birds leave 8 offspring, and orange birds leave 2 offspring. based on this information, indicate whether the following statements are true or false
1. The relative fitness of red birds is 0.5. - False
2. The relative fitness of orange birds is 0.2. - True
3. The difference in fitness between red and reddish orange birds is 0.1. - False
4. The difference in fitness between reddish orange birds and orange birds is 0.6. - True
5. Natural selection would favor red birds over orange birds. - True
What is phenotype ?The term "phenotype" describes an organism's observable physical characteristics, such as its appearance, growth, and behaviour. The genotype, or collection of genes that an organism possesses, as well as environmental impacts on these genes, determine an organism's phenotype.
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ASAP What are the differences between the metric and English systems of measurement?
answer:
the metric system uses interchangeable latin prefixes to indicate the amount of unit being measured, multiples of ten are used as well, making things easier to convert.
the english system is based more on things used to measure units historically, making it more difficult to convert units.
codominance is a form of inheritance in which two different alleles for a gene are both expressed, and neither allele is dominant over the other. one example of codominance is fur color in cattle; the alleles for red fur and white fur are codominant. if a homozygous red cow and a homozygous white bull mate, what would you expect to find in their offspring? (4 points) a they will all have white fur. b their fur will be a mixture of red and white hairs. c their fur will be pink. d they will all have red fur.
Codominance is a form of inheritance in which two different alleles for a gene are both expressed, and neither allele is dominant over the other. One example of codominance is fur color in cattle; the alleles for red fur and white fur are codominant. If a homozygous red cow and a homozygous white bull mate, their offspring will be a mixture of red and white hairs.
The correct option is b.
In terms of genetics, codominance is a sort of inheritance in which two distinct expressions (alleles) of the same gene result in distinct features in a person.
rF = red fur
wF = white fur
Cross = rFrF x wFwF
Punnett Square
rF rF
wF| rFwF | rFwF|
wF| rFwF | rFwF|
A genotype of rFwF would produce a red and white cow since it is codominant. There are only red and white cows in the phenotypic ratio.
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compartments / body fluids (human): a) concentration of sodium in icf is higher than the concentration of sodium in ecf. b) most cells in the human body exchange nutrients and wastes with interstitial fluid. c) the two major intracellular fluid compartments are the interstitial fluid and the plasma. d) both a) and b) are correct, and c) is incorrect e) a), b) and c) are all correct
Human body weight is primarily composed of water (Fluid compartment), which ranges from about 75 percent in infants to about 50 to 60 percent in adults and as little as 45 percent in the elderly.
What is fluid compartment of human body?It is possible to think of body fluids as existing in a separate fluid compartment from other compartments that is substantially separated from them by some physical barrier. The system that comprises all fluid contained in cells by their plasma membranes is known as the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment. Every cell in the body is encircled by extracellular fluid (ECF). The two primary components of extracellular fluid are interstitial fluid (IF), which surrounds all cells not found in blood, and the fluid component of blood known as plasma.Learn more about the fluid compartment with the help of the given link:
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A suspension of yeast supplied with glucose as its source of energy was transferred from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one. Which result would you predict for the rate of glucose utilization and the rate of ethanol production after the transfer? assume that the yeast must expend the same amount of energy to survive in both environments.
The result predicted for the rate of glucose utilization and the rate of ethanol production after the transfer from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one should be Option(A) Both glucose usage and ethanol production would increase.
What are aerobic environment and anaerobic environment?A medium is required for the cells to develop in. The two types of medium are an aerobic environment and an anaerobic environment.
The aerobic environment is the setting where the metabolic process occurs when there is oxygen present. Anaerobic environments are those where the metabolic process takes place without the presence of oxygen.What are the rate of glucose utilization and the rate of ethanol production after the transfer?Yeast cells supplied with glucose are moved from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one. In this instance, compared to the aerobic process, the rate at which glucose is used must rise by up to 16 times.Glucose is used as an energy substrate in the aerobic process. Through the glycolysis process, glucose is broken down. It is a result of oxidation. The aerobic environment's cell gets transferred to the anaerobic environment.Lack of oxygen means that anaerobic processes cannot function properly. As a result, less energy, such as two ATP molecules, is created during the anaerobic process.Similar to the aerobic process, the fermentation process must increase consumption up to 16 times in order to create the same quantity of ATP.To learn more about yeast fermentation visit:
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The complete question is: "A suspension of yeast supplied with glucose as its source of energy was transferred from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one. Which result would you predict for the rate of glucose utilization and the rate of ethanol production after the transfer? Assume that the yeast must expend the same amount of energy to survive in both environments.
A. Both glucose usage and ethanol production would increase.
B. Glucose usage would not change, and ethanol production would increase.
C. Neither glucose usage nor ethanol production would change.
D. Glucose usage would decrease, and ethanol production would increase.
E. Glucose usage would increase, and ethanol production would decrease."
which feature is not found in the chordate lineage? group of answer choices bilateral symmetry pharyngeal slits at some stage during development a dorsal hollow nerve cord a notochord at some stage during development an external skeleton
The feature that is not found in chordate lineage is external skeleton. The correct option is D.
What is chordates?A chordate is a organism of the Chordata phylum. All chordates bear five synapomorphies, or main characteristics, that varies them from all other taxa at certain point in their larval or adulthood stages.
The chordate lineage encompasses features such as bilateral symmetry, the occurrence of a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits at some stage of development, along with a notochord at certain stage of their development.
An external skeleton, on the other hand, is not one of these classification features. Chordates typically involve an internal skeleton.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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tilling-by-sequencing to decipher oil biosynthesis pathway in soybeans: a new and effective platform for high-throughput gene functional analysis
Reverse genetics is an experimental molecular genetics technique that enables researchers to understand how genes work by analyzing phenotypic changes brought on by the genetic engineering of particular nucleic acid sequences in cells or organisms (within DNA or RNA).
How reverse genetics are used for crops?Reverse genetic methods have been widely used to study the function of genes in crop species, but because of the complexity of the soybean genome, the existence of multiple gene families, and the duplication of genes, these methods, including gel-based TILLING, are not very effective at characterizing the genes in this plant. Chemical mutagenesis is now being used to create large-scale soybean mutants for the enhancement of economically significant features. The method offers an unmatched platform for functional gene research and very efficient polyploid mutant population screening. The obtained soybean mutants from this work can be applied in upcoming breeding efforts for soybeans to improve features related to oil composition.Learn more about the Reverse genetics with the help of the given link:
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What is an important environmental science topic that needs addressed in the world
Examples would be: global warming, acid rain, air pollution, urban sprawl, waste disposal, ozone layer depletion, water pollution, climate change and many more affect every human, animal, and nation on this planet.
which provides long term energy storage
Answer: Glycogen
Explanation:
It provides long-term energy storage.
Further Explanation
Living organisms require energy in order to undertake their daily activities such as growth and development, locomotion, gaseous exchange, etc. To do so they obtain nutrients for short-term and long-term energy source.
Carbohydrates are the major energy source for living organisms, however, living organisms may use other sources of energy such as proteins or fats when carbohydrates is out of stock or not available.
Energy source in animals
Animals use simple carbohydrates such as glucose obtained from diet for short-term energy sources.
These simple carbohydrates may also be stored for future use in the form of glycogen, which makes glycogen a long-term energy source, to be used when need arises.
When glucose levels are low in the body hormones in the body trigger the breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
Other sources of energy such as proteins and fats are used when carbohydrates storage is depleted, for example during starvation.
Energy source in plants
In plants, on the other hand, simple carbohydrates are similarly used as a short term source of energy. Additionally, simple molecules such as glucose are stored in the form of starch for long-term source of energy for the plants.
hemispheric specialization is known as: please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices plasticity. myelination. lateralization. neurogenesis.
Hemispheric specialization is a biological term also known as lateralization.
What does hemispheric specialization mean?The expression hemispheric specialization makes reference to the process differentiation in different functions performed by the cerebral hemispheres, which include the right brain hemisphere and left-right brain hemisphere.
In conclusion, hemispheric specialization is a biological term also known as lateralization.
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What is the evidence that chiasmata are points of physical exchange between chromatids?.
Knobs and translocations are the evidence that chiasmata are points of physical exchange between chromatids.
Cytological indicators like as knobs and translocations have been used to demonstrate that there is a physical exchange of chromosome arms during meiosis. The chiasma is a structure that arises between two homologous chromosomes by crossover recombination and physically connects the two chromosomes during meiosis.
It is particularly important to develop during cell division because it aids in the attachment of chromosomes to opposing spindles. Chiasmata assist chromosomes in appropriately dividing. If there are chiasmata during metaphase I of meiosis, the alignment will be correct. Thus, these two evidence point to physical changes between chromatids in meiosis.
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62. green ds, kregting l, boots b. effects of cigarette butts on marine keystone species (ulva lactuca l. and mytilus edulis l.) and sediment microphytobenthos. marine pollution bulletin. 2021;165:112152.
Cigarette butts have had an effect on marine keystone species like Ulva Lactuca L. and Mytilus edulis L. and also sediment microphytobenthos.
What are the effects of cigarette butts on marine ecosystems?The development of U. Lactuca was unaffected by cigarette butts, while sediment chlorophyll content was significantly lower in mesocosms exposed to 0.25 and 1 butt L-1 of cellulose acetate butts.
Despite the continual replenishing of seawater, these effects persisted, demonstrating the danger that conventional cigarettes pose to marine life.
Therefore, cigarette butts have had an effect on marine keystone affected like Ulva Lactuca L. and Mytilus edulis L. and also sediment microphytobenthos.
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Deanna wanted to test the idea that eating carrots improves a person's ability to see at night. She
asked ten people to eat one carrot a day for a month, and asked ten other people to eat no carrots
for a month. She then tested their night vision.
Who is the experimental group in this experiment?
a. Deanna.
b. There was no experimental group.
C. The ten people who ate carrots.
d. The ten people who did not eat carrots.
Answer: The ten who ate carrots, I believe.
Explanation: Hope this helps!