Mr. L is a 58-year-old man who is recovering in the orthopedic unit of the hospital from a right total knee replacement of two days ago. Mr. L has type 1 diabetes and was diagnosed with the condition at 12 years of age. He has been managing his illness with blood glucose checks 4 times a day: before meals and once at bedtime. He currently takes Humulin-R on a sliding scale based on his glucose results. He weighs 315 lbs. and has developed osteoarthritis in both knees, requiring surgical replacement of the knee joint on the right side.
The nurse caring for Mr.L. enters his room at 8:15 AM for a morning assessment. She finds Mr. L lying in his bed awake, but his mental status is altered and there is a fruity odor to his breath. His vital signs are: HR 100bpm, RR 32/minute, BP 116/78 mm Hg. The nurse notes that his last blood glucose level was 156 mg/dl the previous night before bed and he received 2 units of insulin at that time, but he has not received his morning glucose check or any insulin yet today. A rapid bedside glucose check reveals a blood glucose level of 468 mg/dl. The nurse contacts the physician and upon further examination, Mr. L is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis.
Describe how diabetic ketoacidosis could develop in a patient who has undergone surgery.
Mr. L has an elevated respiratory rate that is classified as Kussmaul respirations. Explain this type of respiratory pattern.
Mr. L complains of feeling very thirsty and that he can’t see very well because his vision is suddenly blurry. The nurse notes he has a large amount of clear urine in his catheter bag. She takes a sample of urine and it tests positive for ketone bodies.
How does the body release ketone bodies into the urine when DKA occurs.
Explain why Mr. L would have increased urinary output, blurred vision, and increased thirst.
The physician has given orders to administer 0.9% Sodium Chloride IV at 500 mL/hour for 1 hour, then 200mL/hour for the next 4 hours. The nurse is to start a drip of Regular insulin at 0>1mg/kg/hour. The physician has also added orders for lab work, including a metabolic profile and arterial blood gases. The metabolic panel results are: Na 135 mEq/L, K 3.2mEq/l, CL 95mmol/L, Ca 8.5mg/dl. The arterial blood gases results are as follows: ph 7.31, pCO2 20 mmHg, pO2 95 mmHg, HCO3 12 mmol/L
What is the rationale for the IV fluids to be given at this rate?
Explain why the patient’s potassium result is at the current level?
Based on the metabolic profile results, what is the next step that the nurse would most likely need to perform?
Explain why DKA would most likely produce these types of blood gas results.
An hour after the insulin was started, the nurse checks Mr. L.’s blood glucose levels and notes it has decreased to 208 mg/dl. He appears more comfortable and his vital signs are: HR 92 bpm, RR 22/ minute, BP 116/70mm Hg, O2 saturation 95% on 2L of oxygen.
What should the nurse do next?

Answers

Answer 1

The nurse should advice the patient to get admitted in the hospital one or two days prior to any operation so that he may be put under surveillance before the surgery.

For such patients, it is advised to wait a few days before their scheduled surgery. When possible, even urgent surgery should be postponed to give patients with diabetic crises time to stabilize. The physiologic stressor known as surgery can cause ketoacidosis. Insulin resistance increases as a result of the postoperative upregulation of regulatory hormones such glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol.

Increased postoperative morbidity and mortality as well as an increased need for surgical operations are all related to diabetes. Perioperative ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar syndrome can arise from the stress response to surgery and the ensuing hyperglycemia, osmotic diuresis, and hypoinsulinemia.

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Related Questions

in the presence of good circulation, the ems provider should not straighten a patient's dislocated joint before splinting because

Answers

Because there is a risk of damaging a nerve or breaking the joint's bones when a dislocated joint is straightened before being splinted in the presence of healthy circulatory, the EMS providers should refrain from doing so.

What does it mean to be dislocated?

When the bone of a joints are forced out of alignment, it results in a condition known as dislocation. A joint may be totally dislocated or only partially displaced (subluxation). A trauma (such as a vehicle accident or accident) or the deterioration of tendons and muscles can result in a dislocation.

A dislocated joint may self-heal why?

The ends of the bones may occasionally realign themselves on their own. Not, your child's medical professional will have to manually realign the bones so that the joint may heal. Cast or splint. The dislocated part is kept in place during this procedure while it heals.

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Which of the following is a safety rule in diving?
A.
Check the water before you dive.
B.
Once person on the board or platform at a time.
C.
Focus on the dive.
D.
All of the above

Answers

one person on the board or platform at a time.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

What are two components of your environment that can affect your wellness?

Answers

Peer influence and role models are two aspects of your surroundings that might have an impact on your wellness.

What health issues are the most serious?

The main causes of death for both men and women in the United States are still heart disease and stroke. NIH-funded researchers are currently relying on precision medicine to better understand and treat these conditions.

Why does health care matter?

A person's genetic make-up, lifestyle choices (like smoking), exposure to harmful substances (like asbestos), and other factors can all contribute to health issues. When dealing with several health issues, one disease or its treatment may trigger another.

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“What two types of cells are involved
in the immune system's nonspecific
response to rid the body of
invaders?
A. macrophages and lymphocytes
B. macrophages and neutrophils
C. neutrophils and lymphocytes

Answers

B, macrophages and neutrophils

Answer:

B. macrophages and neutrophils

Explanation:

What is mental health and emotional health?

Answers

The ability to deal with it and manage emotions is referred to as emotional health.  The capacity to think clearly or make sound judgements is defined as mental health.

Emotional health also includes the ability to form positive relationships. Mental also includes the capacity to deal with stress and control emotions. Mental and emotional health are distinct, they are inextricably linked. People's emotions might run wild if they do not receive mental health therapy. Concentrating solely on emotional wellness generates mental confusion, making it difficult to perform regularly. Both mental and emotional therapies play important roles in assisting patients throughout rehabilitation.

Depression, anxiety, stress, and sorrow may all be treated with therapies and tactics such cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation, mindfulness, and 'talk' therapy. If you notice that you are not operating normally and that something is bothering you, right now is the time to find out more about what's going on and maybe get treatment.

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What does breakfast consist of?

Answers

Answer:

Protein, dairy, wheat and a fruit

How important is physical activities in your daily life as a student as a member of your family?

Answers

Answer: Being physically active can improve your brain health, help manage weight reduce the risk of disease strengthen bones and muscles and improve your ability to do everyday activities

Explanation:

How can you get rid of your social anxiety?​

Answers

Answer : if you have some apps such as discord you can talk later on call and do some reveal face later on. or stay to yourself and talk online so you can be like that in public. dont act like the trends just do what you want and be kind to one another

Explanation:

reasons for being more vulnerable to illness

Answers

eating junk foodnot being hygienic not having a balanced diet etc....
1. Age
2. Preexisting conditions
3. Genetic Factors
4. Environmental Factors e.g. toxin exposure.
5. Being in an immunocompromised state.

Tomas is teaching a high school class on nutrition. He explains to the students how to calculate their BMI and then puts two charts on the board for them to compare to, one for the boys and one for the girls. Which statement BEST explains Tomas having two charts instead of one?

Answers

Although BMI does not directly measure body fat, it is somewhat linked with other, more precise measurements of body fat. Furthermore, these more precise measurements of body fatness appear to be just as closely linked with various metabolic and illness outcomes as BMI is.

What BMI varies in different individuals?

The link between BMI and body fat can be influenced by elements like age, sex, ethnicity, and muscle mass. Additionally, the BMI does not distinguish between extra fat, muscle, or bone mass, nor does it show how fat is distributed among people.

Therefore, there are significant differences in body mass index (BMI) values between racial and ethnic groups, as well as within racial groups due to lifestyle and environmental factors.

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Find someone older than you whom you feel is successful in life and ask them how they got to where they are. Ask them for advice on how you can get to where you want to go. Take notes and thank them for their time and wisdom. Write your notes below.

Include 3 URLs for websites that talk about how to be successful in the industry you want to pursue. What's the most important thing you learned from reading these articles?

Answers

Answer:

4747374 u 83838334444444774747

Explanation:

757575757575757577575757577575755757757575757577575757575757577575755757555755575755555555555555555

can i get help this is due tomorrow

It must include:
4 upper body
4 abdominal
4 lower body
4 cardio

plz help me

Answers

Answer:

Upper body - 1. Push-ups

2. Sit-ups

3. Dragon walk

4. Shoulder taps

Abdominal - 1. Plank

2. Mountain climber

3. Reverse crunch

4. Dead bug

Lower body - 1. Squats

2. Lunges

3. Calf raises

4. Jumping jacks.

Cardio - 1. Jogging in place

2. Bicycles

3. High knees

4. Jump rope

Explanation:

How can you ensure that you will be physically fit and live a healthy lifestyle as you continue to get older?

Answers

Walking, sports, dancing, yoga, jogging, and other activities that you like are all examples of healthy mobility. Consume a well-balanced, low-fat diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

A healthy lifestyle keeps you fit, active, and less prone to disease. According to the World Health Organization, healthy living is a style of life that allows you to enjoy more elements of your life. It is a style of life that reduces the chances of being seriously ill or dying prematurely. Health is more than merely avoiding sickness or illness.

A healthy lifestyle offers several advantages not just for the body but also for the mind. A healthy lifestyle can also lower your chances of developing cancer, heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and osteoporosis. To summarise, there are several advantages to leading a healthy lifestyle.

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The pulmonary circuit circulates blood between
the
O brain and lungs.
O lungs and heart.
O
brain and heart.
O lungs and respiratory system.

Answers

Answer:

b. lungs and heart

Explanation:

Answer:

lungs and the heart

Explanation:

Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and the lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart. Systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body. It sends oxygenated blood out to cells and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.

What is the study of promoting the safety of a person by
adapting the environment and preventing injury?

Answers

Answer: Ergonomics

Explanation:

Research indicates that if an individual has issues controlling anger when they are young, then that person is more likely to have the same issue when they are older. T/F

Answers

True, Research indicates that if an individual has issues controlling anger when they are young, then that person is more likely to have the same issue when they are older.

Studies have shown that individuals who struggle with anger management during childhood and adolescence are at a higher risk of continuing to struggle with anger management into adulthood. This is thought to be due in part to the fact that anger management skills are often learned and developed during childhood and adolescence, and if these skills are not adequately developed during this time, it can be more difficult for an individual to learn and implement them later in life. Additionally, certain factors such as genetics and environmental influences can also play a role in the development and persistence of anger management issues across the lifespan.

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What are the benefits of recreational activities that affect ourselves physically mentally and spiritually?

Answers

Recreational activities provide many physical, mental and spiritual benefits. Physically, participating in recreational activities enhances physical health by increasing our strength, flexibility and endurance.

It also helps us to maintain a healthy weight, lower the risk of chronic diseases and reduce stress. Mentally, recreational activities can increase our cognitive abilities, help us to better manage stress, and develop better problem solving skills. It can also help to improve mood, lower anxiety, reduce depression and improve self-esteem.

Spiritually, recreational activities can help us to develop a greater sense of purpose, encourage us to live in the present moment, and give us the opportunity to express our creativity, connection and spirituality. All of these benefits are important in helping us to live a healthy and balanced life.

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whats sleeping and how do i sleep​

Answers

Answer: Melatonin gummies help you sleep if your being for real lol

Tamayose et al. found that he two most cited reasons students chose a career in public health were enjoyment of the profession and providing a __________.

Answers

According to research by Tamayose et al., the most frequently expressed reasons for choosing a career in public health were enjoyment of the field and helping others.

Protecting and enhancing the health of individuals and communities is the study of public health. In order to accomplish this task, healthy lifestyles are encouraged, research is done on how to prevent illnesses and injuries, and infectious diseases are found, stopped, and dealt with.

Infectious disease management, protection against environmental health risks, chemical incidents, and emergency response are all examples of how public health works to reduce the causes of illness and improve people's health and wellbeing. Health protection also includes actions for clean air, water, and food.

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what should i do today???????? i am board

Answers

Answer:

make a zo om for people or read a book, draw, play a sport something xD

have a good day :)

Explanation:

Is the Healthy Eating Pyramid for everyone?

Answers

It's critical to keep in mind that every physique is unique. Each of us has unique genetic and cultural characteristics. We wouldn't all look alike by the end of the calendar year, even if we all started to eat the same foods and exercising the same amount.

Does the food pyramid represent a healthy diet?

Many experts contend that using a pyramid or other similar image to represent sound dietary advice is neither the best nor the most effective approach. It also makes a lot more sense to break categories down into those we should eat more of, eat in moderation, or attempt to avoid.

What inspired the creation of the healthy eating pyramid?

Obtain more. Based on the "more to less" idea pioneered in Sweden in the 1970s, Nutrition Australia first presented the Healthy Eating Gradient in 1980. It was created as a basic conceptual model that individuals may use to learn about healthy nutrition.

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What high school courses requirements to get into funeral director

Answers

no highschool courses you must have an associate degree in funeral service education and do an internship for a few years

Karma-yoga encompasses _____, Kriya-yoga includes _____,_____ leads to the path of devotion and ____ deals with the mind.

Answers

Answer:

Karma yoga encompasses spiritual path,Kriya yoga includes mudras,bhakti yoga leads to the path of devotion and kundalini yoga deals with the mind.

Explanation:

What happens when you increase your activity level?

Answers

Your blood cholesterol should be reduced. reduce the incidence of certain malignancies as well as type 2 diabetes. your blood pressure will drop. lessen the chance of getting osteoporosis and help to have stronger muscles, bones, and joints.

Why is it vital to increase exercise levels?

Physical activity may strengthen your bones and muscles, help you maintain a healthy weight, increase your ability to carry out daily tasks, and improve your cognitive health. Adults who spend less time sitting and engage in any level of moderate-to-vigorous exercise reap some health advantages.

If you increase your activity level to between 7,500 and 10,000 steps, you would be considered moderately active.

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What is an ineffective way of refusing sex?


avoiding drugs and alcohol


using body language that says “no”


saying the word "no"


repeating “no” as often as necessary

Answers

Answer:

ummm avoiding drugs and alcohol? i think.

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is avoiding drugs and alchohol.

Explanation:

I took the test and got it right :)

describe the pathway of filtrate starting from the kidneys and ending in the bladder. be sure to include the three main parts: the glomerulus, the bowmans capsule, and the tubule

Answers

Answer:

Filtration involves the transfer of soluble components, such as water and waste, from the blood into the glomerulus.

Reabsorption involves the absorption of molecules, ions, and water that are necessary for the body to maintain homeostasis from the glomerular filtrate back into the blood.

Secretion involves the transfer of hydrogen ions, creatinine, drugs, and urea from the blood into the collecting duct, and is primarily made of water.

Blood and glucose are not normally found in urine.

Key Terms

urine: A liquid excrement consisting of water, salts, and urea, which is made in the kidneys then released through the urethra.

glomerulus: A small, intertwined group of capillaries within nephrons of the kidney that filter the blood to make urine.

hope it helps

Which of the following studies is linked most directly to the establishment of the National Research Act in 1974 and ultimately to the Belmont Report and federal regulations for human subject protection ?
A. The Public Health Service Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male.
B. Stanford Prison Experiment (Zimbardo)

Answers

The 40-year Tuskegee syphilis study led to passage of the National Research Act of 1974. It is called most notorious biomedical study in U.S. history and leading to Belmont Report (1979), establishing OHRP (Human Research Protections), federal laws and regulations.

What are the lasting consequences of the National Research Act 1974?

The National Research Act was enacted by the 93rd Congress of the United States and signed into law by President Richard Nixon on July 12, 1974. The National Research Act of 1974 established the National Commission for the Protection of Biomedical and Behavioral Research Subjects. Definitions of guidelines, ethical principles and rules were the result of deliberations of national committees.

Which of the following three principles are included in the Belmont Report?

Three fundamental principles universally recognized in our cultural tradition are particularly relevant to the ethics of research involving humans principles of individual respect, beneficence and justice.

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Which job
can you get using a degree in Gender Studies?

Answers

Answer:

Artist

Counseller

Diversity officer

Business owner

What is the cardiovascular system?

A. It is a system that coordinates and controls functions throughout the body and responds to stimuli.

B. It is a system comprised of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream.

C. It is a system that supports the body, helps with movement, protects internal organs, and serves as a site for blood cell formation.

D. It is a system that transports blood throughout the body.

Answers

Answer:D

Explanation: THATS THE BASIC ROLE

29-30 ESSAY: Answer each question briefly with two or more sentences in in the space available below.

29.) What will you do to establish a hazard free working environment and prevent oneself from any untoward incident during baking.
Answer:

30.) How does it when when what is practicing hygiene in termsof physical,social and emotional aspect?
Answer:
Pls this is 60% part of my grade
I put 20points here
BRAINLIES-
5RATES-

Answers

Answer:

29) being safe and not touching anything hot

30) It is bad for your kidneys

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