bromsted-lowry acids and bases
find out the acids and bases

Jeremiah can arrange the materials in the following way to create a model that shows the processes by which water is cycled from a lake into the atmosphere and back to the lake

The following can be a representation of the water cycle;

Fill the glass jar with water to resemble the lake.

Put the lamp next to the jar to symbolize the sun.

Wrap the jar in plastic sheet to imitate the atmosphere.

Turn on the bulb to represent the sun warming the water.

When the water in the jar warms up and evaporates into water vapor, moisture will condense on the plastic wrap.

The water vapor will ascend and collect on the plastic wrap to represent the water vapor rising into the atmosphere.

Water vapor cools as it rises and condenses back into liquid form, as shown by the water droplets gathering on the plastic wrap.

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1. The volume of 0.350 M NH₄I solution is required is 286 mL

2. The mole of PbI₂ formed is 0.0498

First, we shall determine the mole in 415 mL of 0.120 M Pb(NO₃)₂. Details below:

Mole = molarity × volume

Mole of Pb(NO₃)₂ = 0.120 × 0.415

Mole of Pb(NO₃)₂ = 0.0498 mole

Next, we shall determine the mole of NH₄I that reacted. Details below:

Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2NH₄I(aq) ⟶ PbI₂(s) + 2NH₄NO₃(aq)

From the balanced equation above,

1 moles of Pb(NO₃)₂ reacted with 2 moles of NH₄I

Therefore,

0.0498 mole of Pb(NO₃)₂ will react with = 0.0498 × 2 = 0.1 mole of NH₄I

Finally, we shall determine the volume of NH₄I required for the reaction. Details below:

Volume = mole / molarity

Volume of NH₄I = 0.1 / 0.350

Volume of NH₄I = 0.286 L

Multiply by 1000 to express in mL

Volume of NH₄I = 0.286  × 1000

Volume of NH₄I = 286 mL

The mole of PbI₂ formed can be obtain as follow:

Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2NH₄I(aq) ⟶ PbI₂(s) + 2NH₄NO₃(aq)

From the balanced equation above,

1 mole of Pb(NO₃)₂ reacted to produced 1 mole of PbI₂

Therefore,

0.0498 mole of Pb(NO₃)₂ will also react to produce 0.0498 mole of PbI₂

Thus, the number of mole of PbI₂ formed is 0.0498 mole

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Answer:

3.566 mol

Explanation:

Since 60.05 is grams divided by mol to cancel out the grams to get only mols it must be divided by 16.84 g

[tex]\frac{60.05 g}{mol} *\frac{1 }{16.84g} =3.566[/tex] mols acetic acid

We can use the formula:

Q = mcΔT

where Q is the heat absorbed or released, m is the mass, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

First, let's calculate the heat absorbed by the crown:

Q1 = mcΔT

Q1 = (1130 g)(0.129 J/g C)(98.8 C - 25.83 C)

Q1 = 107,776.6 J

Next, let's calculate the heat released by the crown into the water:

Q2 = mcΔT

Q2 = (m)(c)(ΔT)

Q2 = (1340 g)(4.184 J/g C)(27.84 C - 25.83 C)

Q2 = 11096.64 J

Since Q1 = -Q2 (heat lost by the crown is equal to heat gained by the water),

mcΔT = -mcΔT

We can then solve for the specific heat of the crown:

c = -(Q2/mΔT)

c = -(11096.64 J)/(1130 g)(27.84 C - 25.83 C)

c = 0.131 J/g C

The specific heat of pure gold is 0.129 J/g C, and the specific heat of the crown is 0.131 J/g C. Since the specific heat of the crown is slightly higher than that of pure gold, it is possible that the crown is not pure gold. However, other factors such as impurities or alloying metals can also affect the specific heat, so further analysis would be necessary to confirm if the crown is pure gold.

The mass (in grams) of propane that will be required, assuming all the heat from the combustion reaction is absorbed by the pork is 36.56 grams

The mass of propane that will be required can be obtain as illustrated below:

C₃H₈(g) + 5O₂(g) → 3CO₂(g) + 4H₂O(g)  ΔH = –2046 KJ

From the balanced equation above,

2046 KJ of heat energy required 44 g of propane, C₃H₈

Therefore,

1.7×10³ KJ of heat energy will require = (1.7×10³ KJ × 44 g) / 2046 KJ = 36.56 g of propane, C₃H₈

Thus, we can conclude that the mass of propane, C₃H₈ required is 36.56 grams

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The root mean squared velocity of molecules is 461.15 m/s

The root-mean square (RMS) velocity is the value of the square root of the sum of the squares of the stacking velocity values divided by the number of values.

The root-mean-square speed addresses both molecular weight and temperature, two parameters that have a direct influence on a material’s kinetic energy. The Maxwell-Boltzmann equation, which is the foundation of gas kinetic theory, defines the speed distribution for gas at a specific temperature.

Given,

Pressure = 1 atm = 101300 Pa

Density = 1.4290 kg/m³

c = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{3P}{d} }[/tex]

c = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{303900}{1.4290} }[/tex]

c = 461.15 m/s

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Answer:

I used Chat GPT to answer the question here is the answer

Assuming the gas behaves ideally, the answer is (C) The average kinetic energy stays the same.

According to the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature. If the temperature is held constant, then nR is also constant. Therefore, for a given amount of gas, if V increases, P must decrease (and vice versa) to maintain the same value of PV.

The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is proportional to temperature, so if the temperature is held constant, the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules stays the same. The changes in volume and pressure only affect the density and distribution of the gas molecules, but not their average kinetic energy.

Answer:

Water can dissolve many substances because it has a partial charge on each side of its molecules.

Explanation:

Water is a polar molecule, meaning that it has an uneven distribution of electrons between its hydrogen and oxygen atoms. This creates a partial negative charge on the oxygen side of the molecule and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen side. These partial charges allow water molecules to attract and surround other charged or polar molecules, such as ions and polar compounds, and separate them from each other. This process of surrounding and separating other substances in a solution is known as hydration or dissolution, and it is what allows water to dissolve many substances. Therefore, the correct option is: "it has a partial charge on each side of its molecules."

The ratio of the concentrations at equilibrium is as follows:

Chemical equilibrium is the point in a chemical reaction where both the forward and backward processes are occurring at the same rate.

The concentrations of the reactants and products are constant at equilibrium because the forward and reverse speeds are equal.

Considering the given statements based on the reaction equilibrium concentrations, the correct options are:

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The molality of the solution is 0.0256 m.

The mole fraction of glycerol is  0.00046

The percent by mass concentration of glycerol is 0.23%

The ppm concentration is 2300 ppm

Molality is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution. It is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

The formula for molality is:

molality = moles of solute / mass of solvent in kilograms

1) Density of water = mass/volume

Mass of water = Density * volume of water

Mass =[tex]0.9982 g/mL * 998.9 mL[/tex]

Mass =0.997 Kg of water

Number of moles of the glycerol =  [tex]2.550* 10^-2 M * 1 L[/tex]

= [tex]2.550*10^-2[/tex] moles

Molality of the solution = [tex]2.550*10^-2[/tex]  moles/0.997 Kg

= 0.0256 m

Number of moles of water = 998.9/18 g/mol

= 55.5 mole

Mole fraction of glycerol = [tex]2.550*10^-2[/tex] /[tex]2.550*10^-2[/tex]  + 55.5

= 0.00046

By percent by mass;

2.3/1001.2 * 100/1

= 0.23%

Mass of glycerol = 2.3 g

Volume of solution = 1 L

Thus we have concentration in ppm as;

[tex]2.3 * 10^3[/tex] mg/ 1 L =2300 ppm

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(a) To calculate the mass of sulfuric acid in the truck, we can multiply the volume of sulfuric acid by its density. Given that the truck carries 34,000 liters of sulfuric acid and the density of sulfuric acid is 1.84 kg/L.

we can use the formula:

Mass (m) = Volume (V) × Density (D)

Plugging in the given values:

Volume (V) = 34,000 L Density (D) = 1.84 kg/L

m = 34,000 L × 1.84 kg/L

m ≈ 62,560 kg (rounded to the nearest whole number)

Therefore, the mass of sulfuric acid in the truck is approximately 62,560 kg.

(b) The amount of sulfuric acid in the truck is already given in the question as 34,000 L (volume).

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(a) To find the mass of sulfuric acid in the truck, we need to use the formula:
mass = density x volume

The volume of sulfuric acid in the truck is given as 34,000 L. The density of sulfuric acid is 1.84 kg/L. Therefore, the mass of sulfuric acid in the truck is:

mass = 1.84 kg/L x 34,000 L = 62,560 kg
So there are 62,560 kg of sulfuric acid in the truck.
(b) To find the amount of sulfuric acid in the truck, we need to use the formula:
amount = mass / molar mass
The molar mass of sulfuric acid is 98.08 g/mol. To convert the mass from kg to g, we need to multiply by 1000. Therefore, the amount of sulfuric acid in the truck is:
amount = 62,560,000 g / 98.08 g/mol = 636,816.3 mol
So there are 636,816.3 moles of sulfuric acid in the truck.

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The two true statements about a system are:

A) Systems are a group of objects analyzed as one unit.

B) Energy that moves across system boundaries is covered.

In general, a system can be defined as a group of objects or components that are connected or related to one another in some way, and that can be analyzed as a single unit. The components within a system can interact with each other, and with the environment outside of the system, in various ways. One of the key characteristics of a system is that it has a boundary or interface that separates it from the surrounding environment.

Energy, matter, or other quantities may flow across this boundary, and the interactions between the system and its environment can affect the behavior and properties of the system as a whole.

Overall, systems are a fundamental concept in many fields of science and engineering, and they can be used to model and analyze a wide range of phenomena, from physical systems like engines and circuits, to social and ecological systems like cities and ecosystems.

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The reaction rates for trial 1 is 8.22 x 10⁻² M⁻² s⁻¹ and 1.10 M⁻² s⁻¹ for trail 2 and 3

Keep the concentration of W constant while varying the concentrations of U and S while measuring the reaction rate in order to determine the reaction rate with regard to U and S.

Select trial 1 as the reference trial and calculate the reaction's rate constant (k) with respect to U and S, assuming that the concentration of W is constant throughout all three trials.

For trial 1:

[W] = 0.13 M

Rate = 4.72 x 10⁻⁴ M/s

For trial 2:

[W] = 0.13 M

Rate = 1.18 x 10⁻² M/s

From the equation rate = k[U][S], set up the following ratio of rates:

Rate2/Rate1 = (k[U]2[S]2)/(k[U]1[S]1)

Simplifying:

k = (Rate2/Rate1) x (1/[U]2) x (1/[S]2) x ([U]1) x ([S]1)

Substituting the values from trials 1 and 2:

k = (1.18 x 10⁻² M/s) / (4.72 x 10⁻⁴ M/s) x (1/0.65 M) x (1/1 M) x (0.13 M) x (1 M)

k = 8.22 x 10⁻²M⁻² s⁻¹

Similarly, for trial 3:

[W] = 0.13 M

Rate = 2.95 x 10⁻¹ M/s

Again, using trial 1 as the reference trial, figure out the reaction's rate constant (k) in relation to U and S:

k = (Rate3/Rate1) x (1/[U]3) x (1/[S]3) x ([U]1) x ([S]1)

k = (2.95 x 10⁻¹ M/s) / (4.72 x 10⁻⁴ M/s) x (1/3.25 M) x (1/1 M) x (0.13 M) x (1 M)

k = 1.10 M⁻² s⁻¹

Therefore, the equation states the reaction rate in relation to U and S is k = 8.22 x 10⁻² M⁻² s⁻¹ and 1.10 M⁻² s⁻¹ for trials 2 and 3, respectively.

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Answer:

Ans: 8.9 NaCl

Explanation:

Ocean water contains 3.5 nacl by mass how much salt can be obtained from 254 g of seawater

Question: Ocean water contains 3.5% NaCl by mass. How much salt can be obtained from 254g of seawater?

The primary difficulties in creating a low-cost, portable water purification system include assuring efficient pollution removal, compact design, durability etc.

In order to create a low-cost, portable water purification system, engineers must overcome several main obstacles and challenges, including: ensuring the removal of contaminants effectively; designing a compact and lightweight system; guaranteeing durability and reliability in harsh environments; providing an affordable, sustainable power source; and addressing cultural and social factors that may affect user acceptance and adoption.

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The statement that is true about the reactions is

In Reactions A and B, the participating atoms preserve their elemental identity despite losing electrons (in Reaction A) or protons and neutrons (in Reaction B). This can give rise to distinct isotopes or ions of the same element while preserving its fundamental attributes.

The statements concerning energy production aren't necessarily accurate or linked with the reaction's traits. Energy output depends on many variables, such as specific reactants involved and their conditions during reactions.

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The correct number of molecules of ammonium acetate used, given that the student uses 0.100 mole of ammonium acetate in the reaction is 6.022×10²² molecules

The following data were obtained from the reaction:

The correct number of molecules of ammonium acetate used can be obtained as shown below:

From Avogadro's hypothesis,

1 mole of ammonium acetate = 6.022×10²³ molecules

Therefore,

0.1 mole of ammonium acetate = 0.1 × 6.022×10²³

0.1 mole of ammonium acetate = 6.022×10²² molecules

Thus, the number of molecules of ammonium acetate used is 6.022×10²² molecules

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We can use the equation:

q = m * c * ΔT

where q is the heat absorbed or released by the water, m is the mass of water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the water.

Since we know that the calorimeter contains 100 mL (or 100 g, since 1 mL of water has a mass of 1 g) of water and that the temperature of the water increased by 9.3°C, we can plug in these values:

q = (100 g) * (4.184 J/g-°C) * (9.3°C)

q = 3896.68 J

However, this is not the total amount of heat produced by the reaction. We need to take into account the heat absorbed by the calorimeter itself, which has a heat capacity of 50.2 J/°C. If we assume that the temperature of the calorimeter did not change during the reaction (i.e., it remained constant), we can calculate the heat absorbed by the calorimeter:

q_calorimeter = (50.2 J/°C) * (9.3°C)

q_calorimeter = 466.86 J

The total heat produced by the reaction is then:

q_reaction = q_water + q_calorimeter

q_reaction = 3896.68 J + 466.86 J

q_reaction = 4363.54 J

Therefore, the heat produced by the reaction is 4363.54 J.

Oil soap and water are  sustainable because they are both natural and biodegradable.

Oil soap is a cleaning product that is made from natural materials, such as vegetable oils and potassium hydroxide.

One of the main ways in which oil soap and water can be considered sustainable is that they are both natural and biodegradable.

In addition, using oil soap and water to clean wooden surfaces can help to prolong their lifespan, reducing the need for frequent replacements and minimizing waste.

Regular maintenance with oil soap can help to prevent dirt and grime buildup that can cause damage to wooden surfaces.

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The temperature of the sample in degrees Celsius is 358.14°C.

The temperature of a substance can be calculated by using the following ideal gas law expression;

PV = nRT

Where;

According to this question, 3.24 mol of an ideal gas has a pressure of 2.19 atm and a volume of 76.67 L. The temperature can be calculated as follows;

2.19 × 76.67 = 3.24 × 0.0821 × T

167.9073 = 0.266004T

T = 167.9073/0.266004

T = 631.14K

T {°C} = 631.14 - 273 = 358.14°C

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Answer: 4 moles i think this is right im not sure

Answer:

39.7

Explanation:

Therefore, the final temperature of the water is 39.7°C.

According to the ideal gas law, a gas's pressure is inversely related to its volume and directly proportionate to its temperature. So, if a gas sample's volume is reduced, the gas sample's pressure must also increase.

As a result, in order to determine the pressure of the gas sample under the specified circumstances, we must first determine the ratio of the two volumes before multiplying the starting pressure of the sample by that ratio.

We may get the ratio of the two volumes using the ideal gas law as follows: V2/V1 = (100.0 mL/0.75 L) x (273 K/25oC) = 8.02 As a result, the gas sample's pressure at 25 oC with a volume of 100.0 mL is 8.02 times higher than the sample's original pressure.

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The pressure of N₂ gas produced when 42.57 g of NH₃ is reacted with excess NO in a sealed container is 4.95 atm

First, we shall determine the mole of 42.57 g of NH₃ that reacted. Details below:

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of NH₃ = 42.57 / 1 7

Mole of NH₃ = 2.50 moles

Next, we shall determine the mole of N₂ gas produced. Details below:

4NH₃ + 6NO -> 5N₂ + 6H₂O

From the balanced equation above,

4 moles of NH₃ reacted to produced 5 moles of N₂

Therefore,

2.50 moles of NH₃ will react to produce = (2.5 × 5) / 4 = 3.125 moles of N₂

Finally, we shall determine the pressure of N₂ gas produced. This is shown below:

PV = nRT

P × 28 = 3.125 × 0.0821 × 540

Divide both sides by 28

P = (3.125 × 0.0821 × 540) / 28

P = 4.95 atm

Thus, we can conclude that the pressure of N₂ gas produced is 4.95 atm

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Answer:

7. C. 2326 J

8. B

Explanation:

7. Use the equation q=m*c* change in temp, where m is mass, c is specific heat capacity.

q= 68 g* (0.9 J/g*c) * (93-55) C

q= 2326 J

8. An exothermic reaction is characterized by a negative delta H (change in enthalpy) since energy is released during the reaction. B is the only choice with a negative delta H.

First, we need to write out the balanced chemical equation for the reaction: 4 KO2 + 2 CO2 → 2 K2CO3 + 3 O2

From the equation, we can see that 4 moles of KO2 react with 2 moles of CO2 to produce 3 moles of O2. Therefore, we need to convert the given masses of KO2 and CO2 into moles:

moles of KO2 = 2.61 g / molar mass of KO2 = 2.61 g / 71.10 g/mol = 0.0367 mol
moles of CO2 = 4.46 g / molar mass of CO2 = 4.46 g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.1013 mol

Next, we need to determine the limiting reagent (the reactant that will be completely consumed in the reaction) by comparing the mole ratios of KO2 and CO2 in the balanced equation. The ratio of moles of KO2 to moles of CO2 is:
0.0367 mol KO2 / 4 mol KO2 per 2 mol CO2 = 0.0184 mol CO2

Since this ratio is less than the actual number of moles of CO2 we have (0.1013 mol), CO2 is in excess and KO2 is the limiting reagent.

Using the mole ratio from the balanced equation, we can calculate the number of moles of O2 produced:

moles of O2 = 3 mol O2 per 4 mol KO2 × 0.0367 mol KO2 = 0.0275 mol O2

Finally, we can convert the moles of O2 to grams:

mass of O2 = moles of O2 × molar mass of O2 = 0.0275 mol × 32.00 g/mol = 0.88 g
Therefore, 2.61 g of KO2 and 4.46 g of CO2 would produce 0.88 g of O2.

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The amount of volume of KOH solution that should be added to make 500mL of a 0.300M solution is 200mL.

The volume of a solution given the concentration can be calculated using the following expression;

CaVa = CbVb

Where;

According to this question, we are to calculate how many mL of a 0.75 M OH solution that should be added to a 500 mL flask to make 500 mL of a 0.300 M KOH solution.

0.75 × Va = 500 × 0.3

0.75Va = 150

Va = 150/0.75

Va = 200mL

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We see here that the article is actually talking about: B. Dr. Dituri's Project Neptune 100.

A piece of writing known as an article is typically printed in a newspaper, magazine, or journal. It may address a variety of subjects, such as news, features, essays, research findings, and reviews.

We can see here that in the article, being referred to in the question is known as "A Chat With the Scientist Living Underwater for 100 Days,".

From the article, it is very clear that it refers to Dr. Dituri's Project Neptune 100. Retired Navy officer, Joseph Dituri is seeking to break the current record for longest period of time spent submerged.

Note: I can't post the article here. But I have provided the title of the article above.

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